Pub Date : 2026-03-04Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102581
Jing Chen , Jia-Wei Yao , Kai-Li Wang , Ze-Kai Bian , Meng-Zhen Qiao , Chun-Hao Chen , Lei Huang , Yu Xia , Jian Fan , Zhao-Kui Wang
The commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critically impeded by the inherent instability of the hole-transport layer (HTL), particularly the ion migration and interfacial degradation. These issues create a fundamental trade-off between achieving high efficiency and long-term operational stability. Here, we break this paradox through a “synergistic covalent-lock interfacial molecular functionalization” strategy. We molecularly engineer Spiro-AC, a novel crown-ether-functionalized derivative, which enables in situ multifunctional healing of the perovskite/HTL interface. The crown-ether units sequester migratory Li+ and passivate Pb2+ defects, effectively suppressing ion diffusion and non-radiative recombination. Spontaneous interfacial dipole formation and enhanced π-π stacking create cascading energy alignment, eliminating hole extraction barriers. Consequently, Spiro-AC-based PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.06% and exceptional operational stability. This work establishes a transformative “closed-loop function-structure-stability” paradigm, providing a universal molecular design blueprint for stable and high-performance optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Homogeneous interfacial ion-chelation for stable perovskite photovoltaics","authors":"Jing Chen , Jia-Wei Yao , Kai-Li Wang , Ze-Kai Bian , Meng-Zhen Qiao , Chun-Hao Chen , Lei Huang , Yu Xia , Jian Fan , Zhao-Kui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critically impeded by the inherent instability of the hole-transport layer (HTL), particularly the ion migration and interfacial degradation. These issues create a fundamental trade-off between achieving high efficiency and long-term operational stability. Here, we break this paradox through a “synergistic covalent-lock interfacial molecular functionalization” strategy. We molecularly engineer Spiro-AC, a novel crown-ether-functionalized derivative, which enables <em>in situ</em> multifunctional healing of the perovskite/HTL interface. The crown-ether units sequester migratory Li<sup>+</sup> and passivate Pb<sup>2+</sup> defects, effectively suppressing ion diffusion and non-radiative recombination. Spontaneous interfacial dipole formation and enhanced π-π stacking create cascading energy alignment, eliminating hole extraction barriers. Consequently, Spiro-AC-based PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.06% and exceptional operational stability. This work establishes a transformative “closed-loop function-structure-stability” paradigm, providing a universal molecular design blueprint for stable and high-performance optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 102581"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-04Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102580
Xin Guo , Shilong Wang , Di Wei , Chi Zhang , Shuge Dai , Liming Ding , Zhong Lin Wang , Jiajia Shao
This work provides a device figure-of-merit (FOMD) for tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs), anchored in the maximum achievable output energy as defined by a comprehensive mathematical model that rigorously characterizes mechano-induced electron-hole transport within the space charge region. The energy conversion mechanism in TVNGs encompasses two distinct stages: first, mechanical energy is converted into potential energy through electron-hole pair generation; subsequently, the intrinsic electric field of the dynamic p-n junction separates and transports these charges, resulting in electrical output. Dynamic capacitance, which arises from spatial charge separation within the space charge region, fundamentally governs rectification behavior, phase lag, and amplitude attenuation under high-frequency operation. These effects are effectively captured using a transient equivalent circuit model composed of a current source, diode, and voltage-dependent capacitor. The defined FOMD is explicitly formulated as a function of short-circuit charge (QSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), and mechano-induced charge (Qm).
{"title":"Figure-of-merit for tribovoltaic nanogenerators","authors":"Xin Guo , Shilong Wang , Di Wei , Chi Zhang , Shuge Dai , Liming Ding , Zhong Lin Wang , Jiajia Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work provides a device figure-of-merit (FOM<sub>D</sub>) for tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs), anchored in the maximum achievable output energy as defined by a comprehensive mathematical model that rigorously characterizes mechano-induced electron-hole transport within the space charge region. The energy conversion mechanism in TVNGs encompasses two distinct stages: first, mechanical energy is converted into potential energy through electron-hole pair generation; subsequently, the intrinsic electric field of the dynamic p-n junction separates and transports these charges, resulting in electrical output. Dynamic capacitance, which arises from spatial charge separation within the space charge region, fundamentally governs rectification behavior, phase lag, and amplitude attenuation under high-frequency operation. These effects are effectively captured using a transient equivalent circuit model composed of a current source, diode, and voltage-dependent capacitor. The defined FOM<sub>D</sub> is explicitly formulated as a function of short-circuit charge (<em>Q</em><sub>SC</sub>), open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub>OC</sub>), and mechano-induced charge (<em>Q</em><sub>m</sub>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 102580"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-04Epub Date: 2026-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102626
Yalan Zhang , Yike Guo , Yuanyuan Zhou
Advancements in microscopy have substantially enhanced our ability to capture high-resolution images of complex microstructures, while the information extractable through human interpretation or manual measurement remains limited. Here, we developed GrainBot, a machine learning-empowered toolkit designed to extract and quantify a wide array of microstructural features from atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, enabling high-throughput and correlated analysis of perovskite microstructures by three core modules: image segmentation, microstructural parameter quantification, and statistical analysis. We applied GrainBot to metal-halide perovskite thin films, which inherently exhibit a wide range of microstructural disorders, thereby building a comprehensive database of fully quantified features. By leveraging this dataset, we employed both classical statistical methods and interpretable machine learning models to uncover the relationships and interdependencies among microstructural attributes. This work establishes an intelligent framework for data-driven nanoanalytics of material microstructures.
{"title":"GrainBot: Quantifying multi-variable microstructure disorder in materials","authors":"Yalan Zhang , Yike Guo , Yuanyuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advancements in microscopy have substantially enhanced our ability to capture high-resolution images of complex microstructures, while the information extractable through human interpretation or manual measurement remains limited. Here, we developed GrainBot, a machine learning-empowered toolkit designed to extract and quantify a wide array of microstructural features from atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, enabling high-throughput and correlated analysis of perovskite microstructures by three core modules: image segmentation, microstructural parameter quantification, and statistical analysis. We applied GrainBot to metal-halide perovskite thin films, which inherently exhibit a wide range of microstructural disorders, thereby building a comprehensive database of fully quantified features. By leveraging this dataset, we employed both classical statistical methods and interpretable machine learning models to uncover the relationships and interdependencies among microstructural attributes. This work establishes an intelligent framework for data-driven nanoanalytics of material microstructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 102626"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147292577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102632
Endian Cui , Pengfan Wu , Fayang Wang , Shiwei Xu , Danni Yang , Jiaqian Yang , Wangyang Zhang , Chenxi Zhao , Yi Yang , Yifan Bu , Man He , Xiaojing Mu , Zhong Lin Wang
Stream-current generators (SCGs) feature direct current output, environmental adaptability, and sustainability. However, their performance is limited by low ion migration efficiency and rapid decay of concentration gradients. In this study, we developed a functional material with a high specific surface area and elevated zeta potential via an in situ hydrothermal method, enhancing the built-in electric field through the dipole effect. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that this strategy accelerates ion migration and prolongs concentration gradient retention. A single device achieves an open-circuit voltage of 0.8 V and a peak short-circuit current of 1.5 mA, maintaining stable output for over 7,500 s. The series-parallel configuration powers a 3 W light bulb and a smartphone. A self-powered smart agriculture system operates reliably under complex conditions, demonstrating significant practical potential. This work highlights the pivotal role of the dipole effect in regulating the interfacial electric field, offering new insights for high-performance SCG design.
{"title":"Dipole effect enhanced liquid stream-current generator","authors":"Endian Cui , Pengfan Wu , Fayang Wang , Shiwei Xu , Danni Yang , Jiaqian Yang , Wangyang Zhang , Chenxi Zhao , Yi Yang , Yifan Bu , Man He , Xiaojing Mu , Zhong Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stream-current generators (SCGs) feature direct current output, environmental adaptability, and sustainability. However, their performance is limited by low ion migration efficiency and rapid decay of concentration gradients. In this study, we developed a functional material with a high specific surface area and elevated zeta potential via an <em>in situ</em> hydrothermal method, enhancing the built-in electric field through the dipole effect. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that this strategy accelerates ion migration and prolongs concentration gradient retention. A single device achieves an open-circuit voltage of 0.8 V and a peak short-circuit current of 1.5 mA, maintaining stable output for over 7,500 s. The series-parallel configuration powers a 3 W light bulb and a smartphone. A self-powered smart agriculture system operates reliably under complex conditions, demonstrating significant practical potential. This work highlights the pivotal role of the dipole effect in regulating the interfacial electric field, offering new insights for high-performance SCG design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 102632"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147417844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102573
Huanggang Wang , Jiamin Zhao , Kang Yu , Jinlong Wang , Song Zhang , Xiangjiang Meng , Zhiting Wei , Ziyi Ye , Zhaomeng Liu , Bin Luo , Shuangxi Nie
In the context of sustainable and renewable energy, harvesting energy from water resources is of great significance, as the energy contained in water bodies far exceeds global electricity demand. However, achieving efficient energy harvesting requires a thorough understanding of the microscopic processes at the liquid-solid interface. Liquid-solid interface chemistry plays a key role in this process, as it governs both the microscopic electron transfer and the macroscopic physicochemical interactions at the interface. This review aims to provide insights into the structural design of liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator (L-S TENG) devices from the perspective of liquid-solid interface chemistry, thereby better guiding the development of L-S TENG in energy harvesting and related applications. The article first introduces the physicochemical interactions and influencing factors at the liquid-solid interface and then elucidates the mechanism of contact electrification at the liquid-solid interface. It then focuses on the design principles and output performance characteristics of open-structure and enclosed-structure L-S TENG devices, analyzing the features of each configuration and strategies for optimization. Subsequently, the latest advancements in L-S TENG applications are discussed. Finally, the development prospects and existing challenges of L-S TENG are addressed.
{"title":"Liquid-solid interface chemistry in triboelectric nanogenerators: Mechanisms, structures, and applications","authors":"Huanggang Wang , Jiamin Zhao , Kang Yu , Jinlong Wang , Song Zhang , Xiangjiang Meng , Zhiting Wei , Ziyi Ye , Zhaomeng Liu , Bin Luo , Shuangxi Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of sustainable and renewable energy, harvesting energy from water resources is of great significance, as the energy contained in water bodies far exceeds global electricity demand. However, achieving efficient energy harvesting requires a thorough understanding of the microscopic processes at the liquid-solid interface. Liquid-solid interface chemistry plays a key role in this process, as it governs both the microscopic electron transfer and the macroscopic physicochemical interactions at the interface. This review aims to provide insights into the structural design of liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator (L-S TENG) devices from the perspective of liquid-solid interface chemistry, thereby better guiding the development of L-S TENG in energy harvesting and related applications. The article first introduces the physicochemical interactions and influencing factors at the liquid-solid interface and then elucidates the mechanism of contact electrification at the liquid-solid interface. It then focuses on the design principles and output performance characteristics of open-structure and enclosed-structure L-S TENG devices, analyzing the features of each configuration and strategies for optimization. Subsequently, the latest advancements in L-S TENG applications are discussed. Finally, the development prospects and existing challenges of L-S TENG are addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 102573"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147417764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-04Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102602
Jingjing Li , Huiling Xiao , Jiawei Yu , Zhigang Xia , Xiang Zhou , Zunfeng Liu
Self-oscillating actuators that can achieve autonomous motions are highly desired in autonomous soft robotics and intelligent devices. Moreover, oscillators driven by multi-stimuli have attracted considerable interest and have potential applications in multiple complex environmental systems. However, most actuation systems require manual control of switches, and film-based twisting/untwisting oscillation and length stretching/contraction oscillation have not been realized. Here, we fabricated a helical nanofiber composite film and achieved twisting/untwisting oscillation, bending oscillation, and elongation/contraction oscillation under heat, light, and moisture stimuli. Moreover, the oscillator can realize continuous mechanical work under different loads as well as continuous electrical output. This study not only provides the twisting oscillation and twisting motion mechanism but also presents a versatile strategy to fabricate hydrogel-based bilayer hierarchical porous nanofiber composite film twisting oscillators. This actuation system with a twisting self-oscillation load capacity and a multi-stimuli response will be used for autonomous smart devices, autonomous energy conversion, and multi-scenario applications.
{"title":"Self-oscillatory twisting artificial muscles","authors":"Jingjing Li , Huiling Xiao , Jiawei Yu , Zhigang Xia , Xiang Zhou , Zunfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-oscillating actuators that can achieve autonomous motions are highly desired in autonomous soft robotics and intelligent devices. Moreover, oscillators driven by multi-stimuli have attracted considerable interest and have potential applications in multiple complex environmental systems. However, most actuation systems require manual control of switches, and film-based twisting/untwisting oscillation and length stretching/contraction oscillation have not been realized. Here, we fabricated a helical nanofiber composite film and achieved twisting/untwisting oscillation, bending oscillation, and elongation/contraction oscillation under heat, light, and moisture stimuli. Moreover, the oscillator can realize continuous mechanical work under different loads as well as continuous electrical output. This study not only provides the twisting oscillation and twisting motion mechanism but also presents a versatile strategy to fabricate hydrogel-based bilayer hierarchical porous nanofiber composite film twisting oscillators. This actuation system with a twisting self-oscillation load capacity and a multi-stimuli response will be used for autonomous smart devices, autonomous energy conversion, and multi-scenario applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 102602"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147417910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-04Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102571
Jiabao Feng , Pan Gao , Wang Zhang , Ronald G. Larson , Yin Zhang , Guangxian Li , Miqiu Kong , Wei Pu
Despite significant advances in gecko-inspired adhesives, there is still a big challenge to achieve superior surface adaptability and strong adhesion—particularly on rough surfaces. In this work, we design a “molecular hairs” branched adhesive, yielding strong adhesion on rough surfaces (280.6 kPa), easy detachment (1.3 kPa), and ultra-low preload (∼0.3 kPa), using temperature to regulate melting and crystallization of the molecular hairs. These impressive capabilities stem from enhanced wettability, nanoscale molecular interactions with the target surfaces, and highly tunable stiffness (1.97 kPa–149.3 MPa), which allow consistent conformability to rough surfaces. Embedding this adhesive into the footpads of a surface-adaptive robot enables it to climb vertically on smooth and rough surfaces. Our research represents a breakthrough in adhesive design, offering climbing robots unprecedented stability and minimal preload on rough surfaces.
{"title":"Ultra-strong reversible adhesion for climbing robots on rough surfaces by molecular-hair polymer","authors":"Jiabao Feng , Pan Gao , Wang Zhang , Ronald G. Larson , Yin Zhang , Guangxian Li , Miqiu Kong , Wei Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant advances in gecko-inspired adhesives, there is still a big challenge to achieve superior surface adaptability and strong adhesion—particularly on rough surfaces. In this work, we design a “molecular hairs” branched adhesive, yielding strong adhesion on rough surfaces (280.6 kPa), easy detachment (1.3 kPa), and ultra-low preload (∼0.3 kPa), using temperature to regulate melting and crystallization of the molecular hairs. These impressive capabilities stem from enhanced wettability, nanoscale molecular interactions with the target surfaces, and highly tunable stiffness (1.97 kPa–149.3 MPa), which allow consistent conformability to rough surfaces. Embedding this adhesive into the footpads of a surface-adaptive robot enables it to climb vertically on smooth and rough surfaces. Our research represents a breakthrough in adhesive design, offering climbing robots unprecedented stability and minimal preload on rough surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 102571"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-04Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102563
Souvik Ghosh , Jin-Sheng Wu , Nicholas Golden , Lech Longa , Ivan I. Smalyukh
Dispersions of anisotropic nanoparticles in liquid crystalline hosts recently yielded new soft condensed matter states, like the thermally reconfigurable monoclinic and orthorhombic biaxial nematic liquid crystals, with a plethora of unusual phases and phase transformations. Our current study shows that the nanoscale porous nature of colloids with micrometer-range overall dimensions also enables highly reconfigurable orientations and assemblies of the microparticles, allowing for realization of condensed matter states with unusual combinations of low-symmetry nematic or smectic order and fluidity. Much like the anisotropic nanoparticles studied previously, these nanoporous anisotropic colloids exhibit thermally reconfigurable oriented alignment with respect to the far-field director, as well as diverse low-symmetry liquid crystalline phase behaviors. Our findings open doors to fundamental and applied uses of low-symmetry molecular-colloidal orientationally ordered states of matter with uninhibited fluidity, as well as liquid crystals with partial positional ordering, like low-symmetry smectics, which could lead to applications in metamaterial designs, electro-optics, photonics, etc.
{"title":"Reconfigurable self-assembly of porous anisotropic colloids in nematic liquid crystals","authors":"Souvik Ghosh , Jin-Sheng Wu , Nicholas Golden , Lech Longa , Ivan I. Smalyukh","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dispersions of anisotropic nanoparticles in liquid crystalline hosts recently yielded new soft condensed matter states, like the thermally reconfigurable monoclinic and orthorhombic biaxial nematic liquid crystals, with a plethora of unusual phases and phase transformations. Our current study shows that the nanoscale porous nature of colloids with micrometer-range overall dimensions also enables highly reconfigurable orientations and assemblies of the microparticles, allowing for realization of condensed matter states with unusual combinations of low-symmetry nematic or smectic order and fluidity. Much like the anisotropic nanoparticles studied previously, these nanoporous anisotropic colloids exhibit thermally reconfigurable oriented alignment with respect to the far-field director, as well as diverse low-symmetry liquid crystalline phase behaviors. Our findings open doors to fundamental and applied uses of low-symmetry molecular-colloidal orientationally ordered states of matter with uninhibited fluidity, as well as liquid crystals with partial positional ordering, like low-symmetry smectics, which could lead to applications in metamaterial designs, electro-optics, photonics, etc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 102563"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147417765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achieving integrated conductive hydrogels with strain-invariant high conductivity and Janus adhesion for anti-interference flexible bioelectrodes remains challenging. Herein, we propose a gravity-flipping annealing strategy to realize strain-invariant (600%) organogels with ultrahigh conductivity (8 × 105 S/m) and Janus adhesion (10-fold adhesion contrast) for AI-assisted bioelectronics. Rigid-flexible interlocked percolation networks formed during annealing maintain continuous conductive pathways under extreme strains, while spatially segregated aggregation of metallic liquid-solid phases generates self-organized asymmetric topographies that directly mediate Janus adhesion. Simultaneously, the organogel exhibits superior biocompatibility, tissue-like softness, self-healing, and anti-desiccation, thereby enabling stable bioelectronic performance. The engineered organogel facilitates robust bioelectrodes integrated with advanced AI architectures. These bioelectrodes enable robust electrical stimulation of sciatic nerves, quantitatively resolved via AI-powered image tracking. Moreover, the system exhibits vibration-robust monitoring of physiological signals under mechanical interference, achieved by adapting ChatGPT-inspired transformer architecture for time-series decoding. This integration of high-performance organogels with AI paves the way for next-generation bioelectronics.
{"title":"Strain-invariant highly conductive Janus organogels for AI-assisted bioelectronics","authors":"He Liu, Xinan Yao, Yumo She, Lufan Shen, Jiaqi Yang, Xinhang Li, Jihan Xu, Xiangting Li, Deliang Li, Lina Wang, Zhilin Zhang, Huilin Zhou, Mengfan Zhang, Yue Zhao, Xiaoyu Cui, Kai Zhang, Liqiu Wang, Ye Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102666","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving integrated conductive hydrogels with strain-invariant high conductivity and Janus adhesion for anti-interference flexible bioelectrodes remains challenging. Herein, we propose a gravity-flipping annealing strategy to realize strain-invariant (600%) organogels with ultrahigh conductivity (8 × 10<sup>5</sup> S/m) and Janus adhesion (10-fold adhesion contrast) for AI-assisted bioelectronics. Rigid-flexible interlocked percolation networks formed during annealing maintain continuous conductive pathways under extreme strains, while spatially segregated aggregation of metallic liquid-solid phases generates self-organized asymmetric topographies that directly mediate Janus adhesion. Simultaneously, the organogel exhibits superior biocompatibility, tissue-like softness, self-healing, and anti-desiccation, thereby enabling stable bioelectronic performance. The engineered organogel facilitates robust bioelectrodes integrated with advanced AI architectures. These bioelectrodes enable robust electrical stimulation of sciatic nerves, quantitatively resolved via AI-powered image tracking. Moreover, the system exhibits vibration-robust monitoring of physiological signals under mechanical interference, achieved by adapting ChatGPT-inspired transformer architecture for time-series decoding. This integration of high-performance organogels with AI paves the way for next-generation bioelectronics.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-04Epub Date: 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102610
Mohammad Javad Zarei , Sreekiran Pillai , Adil M. Rather , Mohammed S. Barrubeeah , Tarek Echekki , Arun K. Kota
In this work, we report ultra-stretchable superomniphobic surfaces fabricated using a simple, inexpensive, scalable, and solvent-free CO2 laser ablation. Since the parametric space for laser ablation is multidimensional with millions of combinations, we predicted the optimal laser ablation parameters to achieve superomniphobicity with a machine learning (ML)-based algorithm. Guided by ML, we experimentally achieved ultra-stretchable superomniphobic surfaces, which retained superomniphobicity even at 400% strain and 5,000+ stretch-release cycles, as well as under a diverse range of deformations. Furthermore, through systematic experiments and theoretical analysis, we studied the influence of elongation on contact angles, breakthrough pressures, and sliding angles on our ultra-stretchable superomniphobic surfaces. We envision that our innovative ML-guided laser ablation protocol to fabricate ultra-stretchable superomniphobic surfaces will pave the way to developing novel and scalable artificial skins, textile dressings, and stretchable electronics.
{"title":"Ultra-stretchable superomniphobic surfaces via machine-learning-guided laser ablation","authors":"Mohammad Javad Zarei , Sreekiran Pillai , Adil M. Rather , Mohammed S. Barrubeeah , Tarek Echekki , Arun K. Kota","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we report ultra-stretchable superomniphobic surfaces fabricated using a simple, inexpensive, scalable, and solvent-free CO<sub>2</sub> laser ablation. Since the parametric space for laser ablation is multidimensional with millions of combinations, we predicted the optimal laser ablation parameters to achieve superomniphobicity with a machine learning (ML)-based algorithm. Guided by ML, we experimentally achieved ultra-stretchable superomniphobic surfaces, which retained superomniphobicity even at 400% strain and 5,000+ stretch-release cycles, as well as under a diverse range of deformations. Furthermore, through systematic experiments and theoretical analysis, we studied the influence of elongation on contact angles, breakthrough pressures, and sliding angles on our ultra-stretchable superomniphobic surfaces. We envision that our innovative ML-guided laser ablation protocol to fabricate ultra-stretchable superomniphobic surfaces will pave the way to developing novel and scalable artificial skins, textile dressings, and stretchable electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 3","pages":"Article 102610"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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