The sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an urgent need to conserve these natural treasures and their benefits and services. Two species of mangroves grow in the Kingdom: Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata. This study aimed to evaluate the mangrove ecosystem in the Kingdom through a set of descriptive frameworks, in addition to using quantitative methods to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) to maintain the mangrove ecosystem’s benefits. The results showed that WTP averaged about 150 riyals ($40) per person. The most significant variables affecting WTP were monthly income, educational level, information about mangroves, previous visits to mangrove areas, and membership in an environmental society. This is consistent with economic logic regarding the positive relationships between these variables and WTP as a dependent variable. The study also found that gender, age, marital status, family size, and the nature of work were nonsignificant determinants of WTP. The study recommended that attention be paid to the economic valuation of the Kingdom’s ecosystem services through further research and studies to bridge this knowledge gap, which contributes to the protection of these ecosystems and raising awareness of their benefits and services. KEYWORDS Avicennia marina, DPSIR framework, ecosystem services, Rhizophora mucronata, sustainability, WTP approach
{"title":"Evaluation of the Mangrove Ecosystem in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mohamed Baltiur, Rady T. Tawfik, Momtaz Elsebaei","doi":"10.37575/b/agr/220054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/agr/220054","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an urgent need to conserve these natural treasures and their benefits and services. Two species of mangroves grow in the Kingdom: Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata. This study aimed to evaluate the mangrove ecosystem in the Kingdom through a set of descriptive frameworks, in addition to using quantitative methods to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) to maintain the mangrove ecosystem’s benefits. The results showed that WTP averaged about 150 riyals ($40) per person. The most significant variables affecting WTP were monthly income, educational level, information about mangroves, previous visits to mangrove areas, and membership in an environmental society. This is consistent with economic logic regarding the positive relationships between these variables and WTP as a dependent variable. The study also found that gender, age, marital status, family size, and the nature of work were nonsignificant determinants of WTP. The study recommended that attention be paid to the economic valuation of the Kingdom’s ecosystem services through further research and studies to bridge this knowledge gap, which contributes to the protection of these ecosystems and raising awareness of their benefits and services. KEYWORDS Avicennia marina, DPSIR framework, ecosystem services, Rhizophora mucronata, sustainability, WTP approach","PeriodicalId":39024,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the number of bilingual students in Saudi Arabia continues to grow, it is important to determine how this could impact language fluency. This study explored bilingualism and language fluency among Saudi Arabian students. Specifically, it aimed to determine the impact of bilingualism on language fluency. In doing so, it explored some of the strategies that could be used to enhance fluency as more students continue to learn a second or even third language. Qualitative research methodology was used because it is generally applied to collect data that is descriptive of people's experiences to understand meaning from the perspective of the participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. For this study, a total of 15 teachers who educate elementary students in Saudi Arabia were selected randomly from a pool of a purposively selected population. The coding process revealed three major themes: the impact of bilingualism on language fluency, the main benefits of bilingualism among students, and the major factors that affect language fluency. The conclusion highlights steps that can be taken to enhance language fluency as the number of bilingual (and multilingual) students continues to rise. KEYWORDS Bilingualism, monolingual, fluency, cognitive development, learning skills, ability of students, thematic analysis, bilingual students
{"title":"Language Fluency for Bilingual Students: The Saudi Context","authors":"Maryam Alomair","doi":"10.37575/h/edu/230006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/h/edu/230006","url":null,"abstract":"As the number of bilingual students in Saudi Arabia continues to grow, it is important to determine how this could impact language fluency. This study explored bilingualism and language fluency among Saudi Arabian students. Specifically, it aimed to determine the impact of bilingualism on language fluency. In doing so, it explored some of the strategies that could be used to enhance fluency as more students continue to learn a second or even third language. Qualitative research methodology was used because it is generally applied to collect data that is descriptive of people's experiences to understand meaning from the perspective of the participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. For this study, a total of 15 teachers who educate elementary students in Saudi Arabia were selected randomly from a pool of a purposively selected population. The coding process revealed three major themes: the impact of bilingualism on language fluency, the main benefits of bilingualism among students, and the major factors that affect language fluency. The conclusion highlights steps that can be taken to enhance language fluency as the number of bilingual (and multilingual) students continues to rise. KEYWORDS Bilingualism, monolingual, fluency, cognitive development, learning skills, ability of students, thematic analysis, bilingual students","PeriodicalId":39024,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79767504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to identify factors that influence the adoption of artificial intelligence in teaching and learning environments in Saudi universities in light of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, as well as proposals that effectively support the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in Saudi universities' teaching and learning environments. The study employs a qualitative approach based on a semi-structured interview, with the participation of 17 faculty members from Saudi universities specialising in educational technology. According to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, the study's findings show that there are four aspects that affect how artificial intelligence is adopted in teaching and learning settings in Saudi universities. The facilitating conditions rank first in terms of positive impact, followed by performance expectancy in second, effort expectancy in third, and social influence in fourth place. The study makes a number of recommendations to encourage the use of artificial intelligence in Saudi universities, including teaching faculty members how to use artificial intelligence in the classroom, emphasising the benefits of implementing AI for educational leaders, offering AI tools, programmes, and technical support, as well as offering faculty members incentives and promoting scientific research in the area of AI in higher education. KEYWORDS Educational technology, E-learning, education, higher education, integration, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Versus Arab Universities: An Enquiry into the Saudi Context","authors":"Farhan Alenezi","doi":"10.37575/h/edu/220038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/h/edu/220038","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify factors that influence the adoption of artificial intelligence in teaching and learning environments in Saudi universities in light of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, as well as proposals that effectively support the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in Saudi universities' teaching and learning environments. The study employs a qualitative approach based on a semi-structured interview, with the participation of 17 faculty members from Saudi universities specialising in educational technology. According to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, the study's findings show that there are four aspects that affect how artificial intelligence is adopted in teaching and learning settings in Saudi universities. The facilitating conditions rank first in terms of positive impact, followed by performance expectancy in second, effort expectancy in third, and social influence in fourth place. The study makes a number of recommendations to encourage the use of artificial intelligence in Saudi universities, including teaching faculty members how to use artificial intelligence in the classroom, emphasising the benefits of implementing AI for educational leaders, offering AI tools, programmes, and technical support, as well as offering faculty members incentives and promoting scientific research in the area of AI in higher education. KEYWORDS Educational technology, E-learning, education, higher education, integration, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)","PeriodicalId":39024,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91171112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the adoption of financial technology (FinTech) in the Islamic insurance industry, also known as the Takaful industry, as well as its challenges and prospects. A qualitative method was employed, comprising interviews with nine experts from top senior management and policy-making positions in Saudi Arabia's FinTech and Islamic insurance sectors. The data collected were recorded, transcribed, coded and analysed based on seven themes. The primary findings indicate that FinTech adoption in the Islamic insurance industry has penetrated core departments such as claim management, sales, actuarial, risk assessment and database management. However, it requires expansion into health and life insurance departments. Additionally, FinTech has fostered innovation, attracted quality talent, enhanced efficiency and facilitated flexible working environments. The study's implications include the need for a separate Takaful and insurance regulatory body distinct from the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) to accelerate FinTech adoption. Centralising data in one location through cloud services is necessary, and top management and policymakers in Saudi Arabia should devise strategies to further the adoption of FinTech in the Islamic insurance industry. This research is a pioneering empirical work on cutting-edge FinTech adoption in the Islamic insurance industry in Saudi Arabia.
{"title":"Financial Technology and Islamic Insurance: The Saudi Context","authors":"O. Altwijry, M. Mohammed, A. Alshammari","doi":"10.37575/h/mng/220039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/h/mng/220039","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the adoption of financial technology (FinTech) in the Islamic insurance industry, also known as the Takaful industry, as well as its challenges and prospects. A qualitative method was employed, comprising interviews with nine experts from top senior management and policy-making positions in Saudi Arabia's FinTech and Islamic insurance sectors. The data collected were recorded, transcribed, coded and analysed based on seven themes. The primary findings indicate that FinTech adoption in the Islamic insurance industry has penetrated core departments such as claim management, sales, actuarial, risk assessment and database management. However, it requires expansion into health and life insurance departments. Additionally, FinTech has fostered innovation, attracted quality talent, enhanced efficiency and facilitated flexible working environments. The study's implications include the need for a separate Takaful and insurance regulatory body distinct from the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) to accelerate FinTech adoption. Centralising data in one location through cloud services is necessary, and top management and policymakers in Saudi Arabia should devise strategies to further the adoption of FinTech in the Islamic insurance industry. This research is a pioneering empirical work on cutting-edge FinTech adoption in the Islamic insurance industry in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":39024,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78579685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study concentrates on digital media’s impact on criminal activities in the Saudi community. The theoretical framework is based on the cultivation theory. The study includes the thirteen regions of Saudi Arabia with a sample of 630 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Based on the results, TikTok, Twitter and Snapchat are the most influential apps that contribute to the rapid spread of crime, particularly fraud, financial scamming, violating religious and public policy values, as well as deceiving minors. The study reveals that the promotion of crime through digital media is attributed to many factors, most notably digital media’s ability to transmit criminal images and patterns all over the world and achieve lucrative gains by stirring up the media entities’ desire to intensify the dissemination of digital media content. The study recommends the importance of international agreements in the field of combating crimes to determine the framework of international jurisdiction and international collaboration to protect communities against cross-border crimes. Adopting strict security measures to provide sound media content, implementing electronic protection policies and paying much more attention to the family circle are the first line of defence in facing the crimes of digital media content. KEYWORDS Crime confrontation, crime spread, international crimes, IT crimes, new media, social media
{"title":"Digital Media and the Crime Industry: Saudi Society","authors":"Hamoud Alnemer","doi":"10.37575/h/soc/220048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/h/soc/220048","url":null,"abstract":"This study concentrates on digital media’s impact on criminal activities in the Saudi community. The theoretical framework is based on the cultivation theory. The study includes the thirteen regions of Saudi Arabia with a sample of 630 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Based on the results, TikTok, Twitter and Snapchat are the most influential apps that contribute to the rapid spread of crime, particularly fraud, financial scamming, violating religious and public policy values, as well as deceiving minors. The study reveals that the promotion of crime through digital media is attributed to many factors, most notably digital media’s ability to transmit criminal images and patterns all over the world and achieve lucrative gains by stirring up the media entities’ desire to intensify the dissemination of digital media content. The study recommends the importance of international agreements in the field of combating crimes to determine the framework of international jurisdiction and international collaboration to protect communities against cross-border crimes. Adopting strict security measures to provide sound media content, implementing electronic protection policies and paying much more attention to the family circle are the first line of defence in facing the crimes of digital media content. KEYWORDS Crime confrontation, crime spread, international crimes, IT crimes, new media, social media","PeriodicalId":39024,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86841989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umar Omesa, Ibrahim Sulaiman, Maulana Malik, Basim Hassan, Waziri Yusuf, Mustafa Mamat
The problem of unconstrained optimization (UOP) has recently gained a great deal of attention from researchers around the globe due to its numerous real-life applications. The conjugate gradient (CG) method is among the most widely used algorithms for solving UOP because of its good convergence properties and low memory requirements. This study investigates the performance of a modified CG coefficient for optimization functions, proof of sufficient descent, and global convergence of the new CG method under suitable, standard Wolfe conditions. Computational results on several benchmark problems are presented to validate the robustness and efficacy of the new algorithm. The proposed method was also applied to solve function estimations in inverse heat transfer problems. Another interesting feature possessed by the proposed modification is the ability to solve problems on a large scale and use different dimensions. Based on the theoretical and computational efficiency of the new method, we can conclude that the new coefficient can be a better alternative for solving unconstrained optimization and real-life application problems. KEYWORDS Computational efficiency, global convergence, inverse heat, low memory, optimization problems, theoretical efficiency
{"title":"A Three-Term Conjugate Gradient Method for Non-Convex Functions with Applications for Heat Transfer","authors":"Umar Omesa, Ibrahim Sulaiman, Maulana Malik, Basim Hassan, Waziri Yusuf, Mustafa Mamat","doi":"10.37575/b/sci/220053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/220053","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of unconstrained optimization (UOP) has recently gained a great deal of attention from researchers around the globe due to its numerous real-life applications. The conjugate gradient (CG) method is among the most widely used algorithms for solving UOP because of its good convergence properties and low memory requirements. This study investigates the performance of a modified CG coefficient for optimization functions, proof of sufficient descent, and global convergence of the new CG method under suitable, standard Wolfe conditions. Computational results on several benchmark problems are presented to validate the robustness and efficacy of the new algorithm. The proposed method was also applied to solve function estimations in inverse heat transfer problems. Another interesting feature possessed by the proposed modification is the ability to solve problems on a large scale and use different dimensions. Based on the theoretical and computational efficiency of the new method, we can conclude that the new coefficient can be a better alternative for solving unconstrained optimization and real-life application problems. KEYWORDS Computational efficiency, global convergence, inverse heat, low memory, optimization problems, theoretical efficiency","PeriodicalId":39024,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135838686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the influence of the application of four concentrations of silica nanoparticles (NSi) in mitigating the negative effect of salinity shock on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Seedlings were sprayed with NSi (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) as the NSi treatment, and the plants were subjected to either no salinity shock (NSCh) or salinity shock (WSCh) 3250 ppm for two days. Yield and vegetative parameters, K+, Na+, K/Na ratio, Si, and proline contents were measured. The NSi treatments prevented the harmful effects of salinity on yield, with a reduction of 9.19% for plants treated with NSi3 under WSCh compared with NSCh. Salinity shock caused an accumulation of proline in the roots and other plant parts as a method of protection. The NSi2 and NSi3 treatments under WSCh prevented the accumulation of Na+, leading to an increase in the K/Na ratio. The Si contents in the roots, leaves, and fruits increased with increased NSi. The results of the interaction treatments showed a significant effect on all traits except for plant length, leaf area, chlorophyll, and root potassium content.
{"title":"The Role of Nanosilica in Ameliorating the Deleterious Effect of Salinity Shock on Cucumber Growth","authors":"Abdullah Al Saeedi, Sadeq Alameer","doi":"10.37575/b/agr/230026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/agr/230026","url":null,"abstract":"A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the influence of the application of four concentrations of silica nanoparticles (NSi) in mitigating the negative effect of salinity shock on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Seedlings were sprayed with NSi (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) as the NSi treatment, and the plants were subjected to either no salinity shock (NSCh) or salinity shock (WSCh) 3250 ppm for two days. Yield and vegetative parameters, K+, Na+, K/Na ratio, Si, and proline contents were measured. The NSi treatments prevented the harmful effects of salinity on yield, with a reduction of 9.19% for plants treated with NSi3 under WSCh compared with NSCh. Salinity shock caused an accumulation of proline in the roots and other plant parts as a method of protection. The NSi2 and NSi3 treatments under WSCh prevented the accumulation of Na+, leading to an increase in the K/Na ratio. The Si contents in the roots, leaves, and fruits increased with increased NSi. The results of the interaction treatments showed a significant effect on all traits except for plant length, leaf area, chlorophyll, and root potassium content.","PeriodicalId":39024,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69891952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the state of housing support for orphans in Saudi Arabia—a group that suffers from poor financial capacity and social deprivation. It proposes a framework that enhances the participation of all relevant authorities in the housing support system, enabling orphans to obtain housing needs, social stability, and economic empowerment within the framework of Saudi Vision 2030. A descriptive approach was used to determine the role of partnership in housing support programs for orphans. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 41 experts, and the numerical data were analyzed. The study results showed that orphans face several challenges when seeking housing support. There is a lack of legislation and rules defining the roles of partner agencies in providing housing support, poor coordination between concerned government sectors, and no clear criteria for support priorities. This study highlights the need for developing an effective partnership for the housing support system for orphans, starting with building a clear strategic plan to support them based on three main principles: the incubation environment, infrastructure, and beneficiaries.
{"title":"A Framework for Building a Housing Support System for Orphans: Saudi Society","authors":"Waleed Alzami","doi":"10.37575/b/eng/230002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/eng/230002","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the state of housing support for orphans in Saudi Arabia—a group that suffers from poor financial capacity and social deprivation. It proposes a framework that enhances the participation of all relevant authorities in the housing support system, enabling orphans to obtain housing needs, social stability, and economic empowerment within the framework of Saudi Vision 2030. A descriptive approach was used to determine the role of partnership in housing support programs for orphans. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 41 experts, and the numerical data were analyzed. The study results showed that orphans face several challenges when seeking housing support. There is a lack of legislation and rules defining the roles of partner agencies in providing housing support, poor coordination between concerned government sectors, and no clear criteria for support priorities. This study highlights the need for developing an effective partnership for the housing support system for orphans, starting with building a clear strategic plan to support them based on three main principles: the incubation environment, infrastructure, and beneficiaries.","PeriodicalId":39024,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69893209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aola Fandi, Vienna Hammoud, Adib H Zeini, Tareq Arraj
The reproduction of Pterois miles, which is of the Lessepsian species that invaded the eastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, was studied. It established abundant populations along the Syrian coast and began to compete with the native species in respect of their diets and, habitats as well as prey on them. The study included the analysis data of 259 samples caught in the Syrian marine waters (2019–2020), and the results show that this species has two reproduction periods: a long period during summer and a short one during fall. The GSI% value, which represents the percentage of gonad weight relative to eviscerated body weight, for females during summer was 4.09±3.68% and 3.28±1.94% during fall, while the GSI% value for males was 2.04±1.30% during summer and 1.14±1.33% in fall. Also, the HSI% value, which represents the percentage of liver weight relative to the weight of the eviscerated body, was high during the reproduction period in both males and females. The individuals of this species are characterized by high fertility, and the females, number of eggs was 115332–313575. The females, length was 24–32 cm and their visceral weight was 166.67–311.81g. The diameters of the eggs were 39.84–43.47 microns. Therefore P.miles constitutes a serious threat to the native marine environment and its wealth of fish.
{"title":"Study of Reproduction Biology of Lionfish Pterois Miles (Scorpaenidae) in Syrian Marine Waters","authors":"Aola Fandi, Vienna Hammoud, Adib H Zeini, Tareq Arraj","doi":"10.37575/b/sci/220048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/220048","url":null,"abstract":"The reproduction of Pterois miles, which is of the Lessepsian species that invaded the eastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, was studied. It established abundant populations along the Syrian coast and began to compete with the native species in respect of their diets and, habitats as well as prey on them. The study included the analysis data of 259 samples caught in the Syrian marine waters (2019–2020), and the results show that this species has two reproduction periods: a long period during summer and a short one during fall. The GSI% value, which represents the percentage of gonad weight relative to eviscerated body weight, for females during summer was 4.09±3.68% and 3.28±1.94% during fall, while the GSI% value for males was 2.04±1.30% during summer and 1.14±1.33% in fall. Also, the HSI% value, which represents the percentage of liver weight relative to the weight of the eviscerated body, was high during the reproduction period in both males and females. The individuals of this species are characterized by high fertility, and the females, number of eggs was 115332–313575. The females, length was 24–32 cm and their visceral weight was 166.67–311.81g. The diameters of the eggs were 39.84–43.47 microns. Therefore P.miles constitutes a serious threat to the native marine environment and its wealth of fish.","PeriodicalId":39024,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69895016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The endowment contract involves the donation of profit from assets to charitable causes. It is a contract that may need close interpretation, as conditions included by the endower may be worded ambiguously. This can lead to disputes that disrupt the use of or even freeze endowment assets. Hence, this research aims to determine who is responsible for interpreting an endower's conditions, and who is accountable in the event of an interpreter’s mistake. This study used inductive reasoning to reach several conclusions: the judiciary should be the official body to interpret the conditions of an endower, judicial rulings on the interpretations should be subject to the scrutiny of higher courts, and only judges with the highest levels of competence should be chosen to adjudicate on endowment disputes. The study recommends that endowment contract laws should be periodically updated to ensure their ongoing validity and general applicability and that a system of circuit courts be used to hear and rule on endowment disputes. KEYWORDS Administrator, beneficiaries, custom, judicial interpretation, sharia courts, waqf contract
{"title":"Who Is Responsible for the Interpretation of the Endower’s Conditions: An Islamic Perspective","authors":"Osama Al-ashqar","doi":"10.37575/h/rel/230036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37575/h/rel/230036","url":null,"abstract":"The endowment contract involves the donation of profit from assets to charitable causes. It is a contract that may need close interpretation, as conditions included by the endower may be worded ambiguously. This can lead to disputes that disrupt the use of or even freeze endowment assets. Hence, this research aims to determine who is responsible for interpreting an endower's conditions, and who is accountable in the event of an interpreter’s mistake. This study used inductive reasoning to reach several conclusions: the judiciary should be the official body to interpret the conditions of an endower, judicial rulings on the interpretations should be subject to the scrutiny of higher courts, and only judges with the highest levels of competence should be chosen to adjudicate on endowment disputes. The study recommends that endowment contract laws should be periodically updated to ensure their ongoing validity and general applicability and that a system of circuit courts be used to hear and rule on endowment disputes. KEYWORDS Administrator, beneficiaries, custom, judicial interpretation, sharia courts, waqf contract","PeriodicalId":39024,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76209425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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