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Effect of substrate temperature on mechanical properties of SiCO thin film 衬底温度对SiCO薄膜力学性能的影响
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-08-13 DOI: 10.1504/ijmsi.2015.071115
Miao Zhang, N. Liao, Jie Shen, W. Xue
In this study, unbalanced magnetron sputtering approach was used to prepare silicon oxycarbide (SiCO) ceramics in the form of thin film. The SiCO thin films were synthesised by reactive radio-frequency sputtering with a SiC target and oxygen gas. Nano-indentation and scratch test were used to study the mechanical properties of SiCO film at different substrate temperatures. An optimal temperature was proposed by analysing Young's modulus, surface roughness and adhesion strength.
本研究采用非平衡磁控溅射法制备了薄膜形式的氧化碳化硅(SiCO)陶瓷。采用反应性射频溅射法制备了SiC靶材和氧气。采用纳米压痕和划痕试验研究了SiCO薄膜在不同衬底温度下的力学性能。通过分析杨氏模量、表面粗糙度和粘接强度,提出了最佳温度。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation on thermal reliability and optimisation design for high-power LED micro/nano system 大功率LED微纳系统热可靠性及优化设计研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-08-13 DOI: 10.1504/ijmsi.2015.071118
Haibiao Fan, Lin Deng, Zutao Gou, Li-qiang Zhang
To optimise the overall structural design of high-power LED and to effectively improve thermal dissipation, we analyse the thermal structure of high-power LED. Firstly, the thermal problems of high-power LED are described in detail. A complete thermal model is established based on finite element method. Secondly, numerical simulations on the theoretical analysis of LED system are made. The results show that there are three aspects in this part of the thermal resistance. The thermal dissipation of LED could be increased and then the LED junction temperature is also controlled within a certain range. Secondly, we investigate the factors which mainly influence heat dissipation. Meanwhile, we simulate the relationships between the temperature of LED chip and the height h of the radiator, the radius R of the radiator and the radius r of LED lamp posts, respectively. The results show clearly the effects of various factors on the temperature of LED chip. Meanwhile, without affecting the structures of the radiator and ED lamp posts, the optimal values of each single factor are found. The results reveal the thermal field mechanism of LED system, which is very helpful for design and manufacturing of LED assembly.
为了优化大功率LED的整体结构设计,有效改善散热,我们对大功率LED的热结构进行了分析。首先,详细描述了大功率LED的热问题。基于有限元法建立了完整的热模型。其次,对LED系统的理论分析进行了数值模拟。结果表明,这部分的热阻有三个方面。增加LED的散热,从而将LED结温控制在一定范围内。其次,我们研究了主要影响散热的因素。同时,我们分别模拟了LED芯片温度与散热器高度h、散热器半径R和LED灯柱半径R之间的关系。结果清楚地显示了各种因素对LED芯片温度的影响。同时,在不影响散热器和ED灯柱结构的情况下,找到了各单因素的最优值。研究结果揭示了LED系统的热场机理,对LED组件的设计和制造具有重要的指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
Semi-flowable self-consolidating concrete and its application 半流自固结混凝土及其应用
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-08-13 DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2015.071110
G. Lomboy, Kejin Wang
Semi-flowable self-consolidating concrete (SFSCC) was developed to address the issue of shape stability while possessing self-consolidation properties in pavement concrete. In an unrodded flow test using a standard slump cone, SFSCC has a flow diameter of 27.9-33.0 cm, slump of 15.2-20.3 cm and symmetric cone shape. The green strength of a freestanding fresh concrete cylinder in compression ranges from 1.3-2.5 kPa and the compaction factor should be ≥ 0.98. Applications to slip-form paving and sloping pavements are discussed based on two field constructions. The first is a bike path and the second is a street pavement. Both pavements were constructed without mechanical vibrators and were finished and cured in the same method as conventional concrete pavements.
半流动自固结混凝土(SFSCC)是为了解决路面混凝土在具有自固结性能的同时又具有形状稳定性的问题而开发的。在使用标准坍落度锥的无棒流动试验中,SFSCC的流径为27.9 ~ 33.0 cm,坍落度为15.2 ~ 20.3 cm,锥形对称。独立新混凝土筒体抗压生坯强度范围为1.3 ~ 2.5 kPa,压实系数≥0.98。通过两次现场施工,讨论了该技术在滑模路面和斜坡路面中的应用。第一个是自行车道,第二个是街道人行道。两种路面都是在没有机械振动的情况下建造的,并以与传统混凝土路面相同的方法完成和固化。
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引用次数: 4
Function-based scheduling method on initial identified water level of reservoir long-term optimal scheduling 基于函数的水库初始确定水位长期优化调度方法
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2015.075831
Li Cailin, Chao Wang, Junchao Li, Qiaoya Liu, Xiaoju Wu, Ping Yang
In this paper, a function-based scheduling method combining with statistical analysis of historical runoff data and inflow data is proposed to calculate the initial water level of a reservoir under long-term optimal operation. Two-ary interpolation function and database searching are integrated in the solving process. An example is taken to demonstrate the feasibility and engineering practicability of this method. Initial water level obtained by this method establishes a foundation for making optimal scheduling plans.
本文结合历史径流数据和入流数据的统计分析,提出了一种基于函数的调度方法来计算长期优化运行下水库的初始水位。求解过程中结合了二次插值函数和数据库搜索。通过算例验证了该方法的可行性和工程实用性。该方法得到的初始水位为制定最优调度方案奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the electromigration resistance of lead-free solders by utilising the sharp tip of a Cu trace 利用铜痕迹尖端评价无铅焊料的电迁移电阻
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2015.075827
K. Hino, M. Saka
Owing to the miniaturisation of solder bump connections, evaluations of the electromigration (EM) resistance of various lead-free solders have become increasingly important. In this paper, by utilising the sharp tip of a Cu trace, a simple method including easy sample preparation is proposed for EM resistance evaluation. The sample is prepared by surrounding the Cu traces with solder, and the EM resistance is evaluated by supplying a current between the traces. The current flows in the anode trace and flows from its sharp tip to the solder. The total volume of observed hillocks in the designated area near the tip of the Cu trace per unit time of current supply is used to determine the EM resistance. Rankings of the EM resistance in various solders under the same supplied current and sample temperature are theoretically proven to be invariable, regardless of their values. For testing materials, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu-0.07Ni-0.01Ge solders (wt %) are used with 4N (99.99%) purity Sn as a reference. The usefulness of the present method is demonstrated by evaluating the EM resistance of these solders.
由于凸锡连接的小型化,各种无铅焊料的电迁移(EM)电阻的评估变得越来越重要。本文提出了一种利用铜痕量的尖端进行电磁电阻评估的简单方法。样品是通过用焊料包围Cu走线来制备的,并且通过在走线之间提供电流来评估EM电阻。电流在阳极迹线中流动,并从其尖端流向焊料。在单位时间的电流供应中,在铜走线尖端附近的指定区域观察到的丘的总体积用于确定电磁电阻。在相同的供电电流和样品温度下,无论其值如何,理论上证明各种焊料中的电磁电阻排名是不变的。测试材料采用Sn-3.0 ag -0.5 cu和Sn-3.5 ag -0.5 cu -0.07 ni -0.01 ge焊料(wt %),以4N(99.99%)纯度Sn为基准。通过对这些焊料的电磁电阻进行评估,证明了本方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
A method to estimate minimum tooth number for flexspline in harmonic drive 谐波传动中柔轮最小齿数的估计方法
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2015.075830
Hai-Lin Zhu, Z. Liu, M. Zou, Younsheng Li, Z. Qian
Selection of the tooth number is a challenging problem for engineers in designing harmonic drive, since the tooth number cannot be lower than a certain limit because of the gear strength. However, there is no equation to calculate the minimum tooth number for flexspline. In the present work a mathematical relation has been established to estimate the minimum tooth number for flexspline in harmonic drive based on the theory analyses in radial deformation, section stress, fatigue strength and safety factor on the flexspline, which changes the present situation that little research is done on the relationship between the strength of flexspline and its tooth number in open technical literature. The derived mathematical relation enables one to select a suitable tooth number for practical purposes in designing new harmonic drive; it could also be used to verify the fatigue strength in existing harmonic gear assembly.
齿数的选择是谐波传动设计中一个具有挑战性的问题,由于齿轮强度的关系,齿数不能低于一定的限值。然而,目前还没有计算柔轮最小齿数的公式。本文在对柔轮径向变形、截面应力、疲劳强度和安全系数进行理论分析的基础上,建立了谐波传动中柔轮最小齿数的数学关系式,改变了公开技术文献中对柔轮强度与齿数关系研究较少的现状。推导出的数学关系使设计新型谐波传动时能够根据实际需要选择合适的齿数;该方法也可用于验证现有谐波齿轮组的疲劳强度。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of the abrasion of aprons of dams by debris flow 泥石流对坝围磨损的测定
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2015.075832
M. E. Banihabib, M. Iranpoor
This paper presents an empirical equation for the quantitative determination of the abrasion rate of concrete stilling basins by the impact of sediment in debris flow. The grain size in the experiments is not as big as the grain size of natural debris flow and the independent contribution of sediment impact on abrasion is not reported in previous studies. Therefore, the independent contribution of coarse-grain sediments impact on concrete slab investigated in this paper using two sets of experiments. Linear, power and exponential correlation equations were developed relating abrasion and cumulative potential energy per unit weight of concrete stilling basin using the first set of experiments. The equations were verified using a second set of experiments. The power equation was selected using the mean absolute relative error as the criterion. The study reveals that the reduced effect of water is less than 10% for dimensionless depth smaller than one.
本文提出了一个定量确定泥石流中泥沙冲击对混凝土静力池磨损率的经验方程。实验中的粒度没有天然泥石流的粒度大,泥沙冲击对磨损的独立贡献在以往的研究中未见报道。因此,本文采用两组试验研究粗粒沉积物对混凝土板冲击的独立贡献。通过第一组试验,建立了混凝土消水盆单位重量磨损与累积势能的线性、幂和指数相关方程。用第二组实验验证了这些方程。以平均绝对相对误差为准则选择功率方程。研究表明,对于小于1的无量纲深度,水的降低效应小于10%。
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引用次数: 4
Experimental study of hot rolling mill vibration 热轧机振动的实验研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2015.075826
Xiao-bin Fan, Y. Zang, Feng Wang, K. Jin
In order to study compact strip production (CSP) hot strip mills vibration patterns and vibration source, field test was carried out at F2 (No. 3 Finisher), F3 (No. 4 Finisher) and F4 (No. 4 Finisher) mills which suffer from serious vibrations. The results show that the main driving system of F2 mill produces torsional resonance, which is caused by the gear housing and gear meshing impact. The F3 vibration form is roller horizontal vibration and vertical vibration of 50 Hz, which is caused by stand vertical vibration system first-order resonance derived from curved tooth spindles meshing shock. Roller horizontal vibration has collision, and the test curve top cutting disappears if the gap between the roller and the stand is eliminated. Roller vibration velocity is five times the allowable value of ISO 2372 requirements, and roller vertical vibration amplitude has affected the strip thickness quality target. Mill vibration characteristic parameters of nonlinear dynamics calculations show that the system possesses chaotic behaviours.
为了研究紧凑带钢热轧机的振动模式和振动源,对振动严重的F2(3号精轧机)、F3(4号精轧机)和F4(4号精轧机进行了现场试验。结果表明:F2轧机主传动系统产生扭振是由于齿轮箱和齿轮啮合碰撞引起的。F3振动形式为滚子水平振动和50 Hz的垂直振动,这是由弯曲齿主轴啮合冲击引起的立式振动系统一阶共振引起的。辊子水平振动有碰撞,消除辊子与机架之间的间隙,试验曲线上切消失。轧辊振动速度是ISO 2372要求允许值的5倍,且轧辊垂直振动幅值影响了带钢厚度质量目标。对磨机振动特性参数的非线性动力学计算表明,系统具有混沌行为。
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引用次数: 1
Size effect on heat transfer performance of ZnO/Al2O3 interface materials ZnO/Al2O3界面材料传热性能的尺寸效应
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2015.075828
Li-qiang Zhang, Junchao Li, Chao Wang, Xiaoju Wu, Qiaoya Liu, Chunquan Li
The aim of this paper is to provide a spanscale method to investigate and estimate the interfacial thermal conductivity (ITC) of ZnO/Al2O3; interface from the nanoscale to the microscale situation based on the non-equilibrium molecular dynamic (NEMD) method. Comparing the simulated with the experimental data, a fitting model of the ITC from the nanoscale to microscale is built to evaluate its changing rule. The results show that the ITC increased until bulking materials from the nanoscale to microscale. The scope of size effect area reduced to 30 nm from 600 nm and 330 nm comparing with each pure material. It means that the size effect of pure ZnO or Al2O3 materials can be avoided by compounding with Al2O3 or ZnO materials. It implies a potential method for electronic material design of packaging or micro/nano manufacturing.
本文的目的是提供一种尺度方法来研究和估计ZnO/Al2O3的界面导热系数(ITC);基于非平衡分子动力学(NEMD)方法,从纳米尺度到微尺度的界面。将模拟数据与实验数据进行比较,建立了ITC从纳米尺度到微观尺度的拟合模型,以评价ITC的变化规律。结果表明,当材料从纳米尺度膨胀到微尺度时,ITC逐渐增大。与每种纯材料相比,尺寸效应范围从600 nm和330 nm减小到30 nm。这意味着可以通过与Al2O3或ZnO材料复合来避免纯ZnO或Al2O3材料的尺寸效应。它为电子材料的包装设计或微纳米制造提供了一种潜在的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of sputtering power on nano-mechanical properties of ZnO film 溅射功率对ZnO薄膜纳米力学性能的影响
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2015.075829
Miao Zhang, N. Liao, Pengfei Chen, W. Xue
In this study, unbalanced magnetron sputtering approach was used to prepare ZnO film by using high-purity ZnO target. Nano-indentation and scratch test were used to study the mechanical properties of ZnO film at different sputtering powers. According to the experimental results, optimums of Young's modulus, surface roughness and adhesion strength are present at an optimal sputtering power.
本研究采用不平衡磁控溅射法制备了高纯度ZnO靶材。采用纳米压痕和划痕试验研究了ZnO薄膜在不同溅射功率下的力学性能。实验结果表明,在最佳溅射功率下,杨氏模量、表面粗糙度和附着强度均达到最佳。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity
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