P. Błądziński, Marta Hat, A. Daren, Dawid Kruk, Anna Depukat, Ł. Cichocki, Krzysztof Wojtasik-Bakalarz, Małgorzata Bryła, Kamila Wronkowicz, Małgorzata Dudek, Małgorzata Prus-Piotrowicz, M. Łukawska, Martyna Kędziora-Wysocka, Aleksandra Woszczenko, A. Cechnicki
Purpose: An assessment of the subjective experience of admission and first days of hospitalization at a psychiatric hospital and an analysis of its associations with socio-demographic and clinical factors. Methods: Analyses comprised data on 297 subjects. Diagnoses comprised the whole spectrum of F0-F9 according to ICD-10, the most numerous being F2 (39%), F1 (17%), F3 (16%) and F0 (11%). 30% of the subjects were hospitalised for the first time and 18% were admitted without consent. They were asked to evaluate the situation of being admitted and the first days of their hospitalization 4 to 10 days after the admission. The FEA-P questionnaire was used, with seven dimensions: attitude towards staff, explanation of treatment plan, housing conditions, critical remarks to staff, perception of other patients, perception of ward rules and ward atmosphere. Women from female units were more critical than men. The investigated predictors explained from 11% to 20% of different aspects of the experi- ence of admission and first days of hospitalization. Conclusions: The majority of respondents assessed positively all aspects of admission and their first days of hospitalization. One of the most important predictors of higher ratings of the admission and first days of hospitalization was the older age of the subjects. Moreover, more critical evaluation was related to the type of ward (co-educational or single-sex) the subjects were staying in, with women from female units showing the most critical appraisals. The results obtained point to the significance of both demographic variables as well as the surroundings as regards the reception of the situation of admission into hospital.
目的:评估精神病院入院和住院第一天的主观体验，并分析其与社会人口和临床因素的关系。方法:对297名受试者的资料进行分析。根据ICD-10，诊断包括F0- f9的全谱，最多的是F2 (39%)， F1 (17%)， F3(16%)和F0(11%)。30%的受试者为首次住院，18%未经同意入院。他们被要求对入院情况和入院后4至10天的住院第一天进行评估。采用FEA-P问卷，共7个维度:对工作人员的态度、治疗方案的解释、住房条件、对工作人员的批评意见、对其他患者的看法、对病房规则的看法和病房氛围。来自女性单位的女性比男性更挑剔。被调查的预测因子解释了11%到20%的入院和住院第一天经历的不同方面。结论:大多数受访者对入院和住院第一天的所有方面都进行了积极评价。入院和住院第一天评分较高的最重要预测因素之一是受试者的年龄较大。此外，更苛刻的评价与受试者所住的病房类型(男女同校或单性别)有关，来自女性病房的女性表现出最苛刻的评价。所获得的结果表明，人口统计变量和周围环境对住院情况的接收都具有重要意义。
{"title":"Subjective evaluation of admission and first days of hospitalization at a psychiatric ward from the perspective of patients","authors":"P. Błądziński, Marta Hat, A. Daren, Dawid Kruk, Anna Depukat, Ł. Cichocki, Krzysztof Wojtasik-Bakalarz, Małgorzata Bryła, Kamila Wronkowicz, Małgorzata Dudek, Małgorzata Prus-Piotrowicz, M. Łukawska, Martyna Kędziora-Wysocka, Aleksandra Woszczenko, A. Cechnicki","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2020.94694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2020.94694","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: An assessment of the subjective experience of admission and first days of hospitalization at a psychiatric hospital and an analysis of its associations with socio-demographic and clinical factors. Methods: Analyses comprised data on 297 subjects. Diagnoses comprised the whole spectrum of F0-F9 according to ICD-10, the most numerous being F2 (39%), F1 (17%), F3 (16%) and F0 (11%). 30% of the subjects were hospitalised for the first time and 18% were admitted without consent. They were asked to evaluate the situation of being admitted and the first days of their hospitalization 4 to 10 days after the admission. The FEA-P questionnaire was used, with seven dimensions: attitude towards staff, explanation of treatment plan, housing conditions, critical remarks to staff, perception of other patients, perception of ward rules and ward atmosphere. Women from female units were more critical than men. The investigated predictors explained from 11% to 20% of different aspects of the experi- ence of admission and first days of hospitalization. Conclusions: The majority of respondents assessed positively all aspects of admission and their first days of hospitalization. One of the most important predictors of higher ratings of the admission and first days of hospitalization was the older age of the subjects. Moreover, more critical evaluation was related to the type of ward (co-educational or single-sex) the subjects were staying in, with women from female units showing the most critical appraisals. The results obtained point to the significance of both demographic variables as well as the surroundings as regards the reception of the situation of admission into hospital.","PeriodicalId":39142,"journal":{"name":"Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/ppn.2020.94694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Presentation of the latest discoveries and progress in treating phantom limb pain (PLP). Views: A variety of strategies are used in PLP therapy. Among non-pharmacological methods the best results are obtained by mirror therapy, which creates the illusion of an existing healthy limb. Other advantages of this therapy are its non-invasive character and low cost. Other methods of which much is expected are: graded motor imagery (GMI), hypnosis, electromagnetically shielding limb liner, and virtual reality. Many drugs are taken into consideration as potential agents that may lower the pain, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen, opioids, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, etc. Although nowadays nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are most commonly used, researches are mostly focused on gabapentin, which shows efficacy. From a psychological point of view, it is important to remember that following amputation patients experience grief for the loss of the prior body image. Many factors pre-dating surgery contribute to difficulties in undergoing such a process, as well as a feeling of increasing pain, so it is worth including teams of psychologists who take care of patients before and after amputation. Conclusions: Current attempts to treat PLP, show differing degrees of efficacy among patients, so it is therefore impossible to set a consistent treatment scheme. For this reason alone, it is recommended to select appropriate therapy on an individual basis. Know-ing the precise pathophysiology of an individual’s pain could be helpful in improving the treatment methods. The character of pain of this sort suggests the necessity of engaging specialists from different fields in order to treat the condition.
{"title":"Phantom outside the opera – a review of current findings on treating phantom pain","authors":"Izabela Oleksak, Dominika Psiuk, Karolina Maliszewska, Agnieszka Kaczmarska","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2020.99914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2020.99914","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Presentation of the latest discoveries and progress in treating phantom limb pain (PLP). Views: A variety of strategies are used in PLP therapy. Among non-pharmacological methods the best results are obtained by mirror therapy, which creates the illusion of an existing healthy limb. Other advantages of this therapy are its non-invasive character and low cost. Other methods of which much is expected are: graded motor imagery (GMI), hypnosis, electromagnetically shielding limb liner, and virtual reality. Many drugs are taken into consideration as potential agents that may lower the pain, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen, opioids, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, etc. Although nowadays nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are most commonly used, researches are mostly focused on gabapentin, which shows efficacy. From a psychological point of view, it is important to remember that following amputation patients experience grief for the loss of the prior body image. Many factors pre-dating surgery contribute to difficulties in undergoing such a process, as well as a feeling of increasing pain, so it is worth including teams of psychologists who take care of patients before and after amputation. Conclusions: Current attempts to treat PLP, show differing degrees of efficacy among patients, so it is therefore impossible to set a consistent treatment scheme. For this reason alone, it is recommended to select appropriate therapy on an individual basis. Know-ing the precise pathophysiology of an individual’s pain could be helpful in improving the treatment methods. The character of pain of this sort suggests the necessity of engaging specialists from different fields in order to treat the condition.","PeriodicalId":39142,"journal":{"name":"Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of this article is to explain the role of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and glial cell in the pathophysiolo- gy of myofascial pain. Therefore the management of myofascial pain can be optimally done by clinicians through blockage of each biomarker in a specific pathway. Views: Myofascial pain is often one of the reasons for patients to visit the doctor with a prevalence of approximately 21-30%. Overused muscle can lead to myofascial trigger points. Activities that cause ongoing muscle contraction can cause an increase in metabolic stress and decreased blood flow resulting in the imbalance of oxidative-antioxidant. Malondialdehyde is one of the biomarkers of oxidative stress. This process also can increase the release of neuropeptides, cytokines, and inflammatory substances. Prostaglandins, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), can increase vascular permeability and cell proliferation that binds to sensory neuron receptors, which facilitate sensitization to the pain nerve. Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system, which plays an essential role in the induction and persistence of pain. In ischemic conditions, astrocytes will alternate and turn into reactive astrogliosis. This condition will increase the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Conclusions: The exact pathophysiology of myofascial pain is not thoroughly clear. Hence, some studies found the total levels of oxidative stress were higher in patients with myofascial pain. Malondialdehyde, PGE2, and GFAP as the biomarkers from those factors are increased in patients with myofascial pain.
{"title":"The role of oxidative stress, inflammation and glial cell in pathophysiology of myofascial pain","authors":"I. Widyadharma","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2020.100036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2020.100036","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this article is to explain the role of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and glial cell in the pathophysiolo- gy of myofascial pain. Therefore the management of myofascial pain can be optimally done by clinicians through blockage of each biomarker in a specific pathway. Views: Myofascial pain is often one of the reasons for patients to visit the doctor with a prevalence of approximately 21-30%. Overused muscle can lead to myofascial trigger points. Activities that cause ongoing muscle contraction can cause an increase in metabolic stress and decreased blood flow resulting in the imbalance of oxidative-antioxidant. Malondialdehyde is one of the biomarkers of oxidative stress. This process also can increase the release of neuropeptides, cytokines, and inflammatory substances. Prostaglandins, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), can increase vascular permeability and cell proliferation that binds to sensory neuron receptors, which facilitate sensitization to the pain nerve. Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system, which plays an essential role in the induction and persistence of pain. In ischemic conditions, astrocytes will alternate and turn into reactive astrogliosis. This condition will increase the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Conclusions: The exact pathophysiology of myofascial pain is not thoroughly clear. Hence, some studies found the total levels of oxidative stress were higher in patients with myofascial pain. Malondialdehyde, PGE2, and GFAP as the biomarkers from those factors are increased in patients with myofascial pain.","PeriodicalId":39142,"journal":{"name":"Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70511604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wiszniewska, Andrzelika Domagalska, P. Wiszniewski
Purpose: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is characterised by an overproduction of platelets in the absence of the states that induce secondary thrombopoiesis. The most common and significant complication of ET is arterial and venous thrombosis. The most serious complication of ET is stroke. Case description: We present a patient with a stroke that started with an unusual symptom – syncope, successfully treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase. Three years after the stroke, the patient lives an independent life but with cerebellar-stem symptoms. Further long-term treatment is supervised by a haematologist. Comment: Syncope in ET may be the first sign of stroke. To assess brainstem and cerebellar stroke, magnetic resonance imaging should be performed. In ET, thrombolytic treatment of ischemic stroke may be a life-saving treatment. Long-term treatment involving a platelet-lowering medication, along with anti-aggregation drugs, is necessary to treat stroke patients with ET. Females with ET who have suffered from a stroke should not use oral contraception.
{"title":"Orthostatic syncopein in a young woman with essential thrombocythemia found to be an initial sign of ischemic stroke – therapeutic concerns. Unusual case","authors":"M. Wiszniewska, Andrzelika Domagalska, P. Wiszniewski","doi":"10.5114/PPN.2020.103636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/PPN.2020.103636","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is characterised by an overproduction of platelets in the absence of the states that induce secondary thrombopoiesis. The most common and significant complication of ET is arterial and venous thrombosis. The most serious complication of ET is stroke. Case description: We present a patient with a stroke that started with an unusual symptom – syncope, successfully treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase. Three years after the stroke, the patient lives an independent life but with cerebellar-stem symptoms. Further long-term treatment is supervised by a haematologist. Comment: Syncope in ET may be the first sign of stroke. To assess brainstem and cerebellar stroke, magnetic resonance imaging should be performed. In ET, thrombolytic treatment of ischemic stroke may be a life-saving treatment. Long-term treatment involving a platelet-lowering medication, along with anti-aggregation drugs, is necessary to treat stroke patients with ET. Females with ET who have suffered from a stroke should not use oral contraception.","PeriodicalId":39142,"journal":{"name":"Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Furmańska, T. Rzepa, D. Koziarska, E. Rutkowska, M. Bulsa
Purpose: The aim of the paper was to check the level of disease-related shame shown by people suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) as compared to healthy people who activated the stereotype in relation to themselves in view of a disease that is chronic, incurable and leading to disability. Additionally, verification of the differences identified between both groups in terms of applied strategies of coping with shame and the correlation between the frequency of employing them and the level of shame shown by the MS patients was conducted. Methods: The research study involved 60 people, including 30 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis and 30 healthy subjects. The tools applied were the Questionnaire for Measuring Disease-Related Guilt and Shame (hereinafter: “the Questionnaire”) and the Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS, Version 5). Results: It was found that there was no difference between the disease-related shame levels shown by the MS patients and the healthy subjects. The healthy subjects and the MS patients did not differ in terms of employing the strategies of coping with shame, such as avoidance, self-blame and blaming others; nevertheless, the MS patients in comparison to the healthy subjects were less likely to apply withdrawal. It was found that in the MS patient group, the level of disease-related shame was positively correlated with triggering withdrawal and self-blame as the strategies of coping with the shame. Conclusions: The findings of the study are important in everyday medical and psychological practice, in prevention and psychotherapy of shame and its pathological effects that negatively affect the psychosocial functioning of patients.
目的:本文的目的是检查患有多发性硬化症(MS)的人所表现出的与疾病相关的羞耻感水平，与健康人相比，健康人在慢性、无法治愈并导致残疾的疾病中激活了与自己相关的刻板印象。此外，我们还验证了两组在应对羞耻感的应用策略方面的差异，以及采用这些策略的频率与MS患者表现出的羞耻感水平之间的相关性。方法:研究对象60人，其中多发性硬化症患者30人，健康人群30人。使用的工具是《疾病相关内疚与羞耻量表》(以下简称“问卷”)和《羞耻指南针量表》(CoSS, Version 5)。结果:MS患者的疾病相关羞耻水平与健康者无显著差异。健康组与多发性硬化症患者在回避、自责、责备他人等羞耻感应对策略的采用上无显著差异;然而，与健康受试者相比，MS患者较少使用戒断药物。研究发现，在MS患者组中，疾病相关羞耻感水平与触发退缩和自责作为应对羞耻感的策略呈正相关。结论:本研究结果对日常医学和心理学实践、羞耻感及其对患者心理社会功能产生负面影响的病理效应的预防和心理治疗具有重要意义。
{"title":"Stereotypes vs. Reality: shame and coping strategies applied by healthy subjects and multiple sclerosis patients – preliminary research","authors":"Joanna Furmańska, T. Rzepa, D. Koziarska, E. Rutkowska, M. Bulsa","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2020.94692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2020.94692","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the paper was to check the level of disease-related shame shown by people suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) as compared to healthy people who activated the stereotype in relation to themselves in view of a disease that is chronic, incurable and leading to disability. Additionally, verification of the differences identified between both groups in terms of applied strategies of coping with shame and the correlation between the frequency of employing them and the level of shame shown by the MS patients was conducted. Methods: The research study involved 60 people, including 30 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis and 30 healthy subjects. The tools applied were the Questionnaire for Measuring Disease-Related Guilt and Shame (hereinafter: “the Questionnaire”) and the Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS, Version 5). Results: It was found that there was no difference between the disease-related shame levels shown by the MS patients and the healthy subjects. The healthy subjects and the MS patients did not differ in terms of employing the strategies of coping with shame, such as avoidance, self-blame and blaming others; nevertheless, the MS patients in comparison to the healthy subjects were less likely to apply withdrawal. It was found that in the MS patient group, the level of disease-related shame was positively correlated with triggering withdrawal and self-blame as the strategies of coping with the shame. Conclusions: The findings of the study are important in everyday medical and psychological practice, in prevention and psychotherapy of shame and its pathological effects that negatively affect the psychosocial functioning of patients.","PeriodicalId":39142,"journal":{"name":"Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/ppn.2020.94692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wojciech Łężak, Ł. Mokros, J. Kaźmierski, D. Strzelecki, H. Jerczyńska, E. Kowalczyk, T. Pietras
Purpose: Physical activity (PA) is considered to be a major preventive factor in psychopharmacotherapy-induced metabolic adverse effects, such as metabolic syndrome induction. The recent discovery of irisin might bring a potential tool with which to supervise patient compliance or create an additional metabolic risk assessment parameter. Methods: The sample consisted of 66 inand out-patients of a Polish hospital. Irisin serum concentrations were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records. PA sufficiency was assessed with the use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. t-Student, c2, Fisher’s exact test, Pearson correlation and ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results: The difference in irisin concentrations between patients with sufficient and insufficient PA was not statistically significant. Patients given second generation antipsychotic drugs exhibited lower PA and irisin concentrations than patients on antidepressant drugs or first-generation antipsychotic drugs. Additionally, irisin concentrations were lower in patients with central obesity compared to patients without it. Conlusions: Irisin does not appear to be a valid, objective tool for the evaluation of patients. However, significant associations between irisin concentrations, psychopharmacotherapy and metabolic parameters were found.
{"title":"Can irisin become a biomarker of physical activity, or another metabolic risk assessment parameter, in psychiatric care patients?","authors":"Wojciech Łężak, Ł. Mokros, J. Kaźmierski, D. Strzelecki, H. Jerczyńska, E. Kowalczyk, T. Pietras","doi":"10.5114/PPN.2020.103632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/PPN.2020.103632","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Physical activity (PA) is considered to be a major preventive factor in psychopharmacotherapy-induced metabolic adverse effects, such as metabolic syndrome induction. The recent discovery of irisin might bring a potential tool with which to supervise patient compliance or create an additional metabolic risk assessment parameter. Methods: The sample consisted of 66 inand out-patients of a Polish hospital. Irisin serum concentrations were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records. PA sufficiency was assessed with the use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. t-Student, c2, Fisher’s exact test, Pearson correlation and ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results: The difference in irisin concentrations between patients with sufficient and insufficient PA was not statistically significant. Patients given second generation antipsychotic drugs exhibited lower PA and irisin concentrations than patients on antidepressant drugs or first-generation antipsychotic drugs. Additionally, irisin concentrations were lower in patients with central obesity compared to patients without it. Conlusions: Irisin does not appear to be a valid, objective tool for the evaluation of patients. However, significant associations between irisin concentrations, psychopharmacotherapy and metabolic parameters were found.","PeriodicalId":39142,"journal":{"name":"Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70511653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaja Wojciechowska, Małgorzata Walęcka, J. Szmyd, A. Wichniak
Purpose: The treatment of schizophrenia requires regular assessment of the patient’s mental state. The quantitative assessment of the severity of schizophrenia symptoms is performed using clinical scales, most often the PANSS scale. However, the scale is rarely used in everyday clinical work as the assessment itself is very time-consuming. A Simplified Interview for Negative and Positive Symptoms (SNAPSI) and the PANSS-6 scale have been proposed as practical methods to facilitate the quantitative assessment of the patient’s mental state. The aim of the article is to present both of those tools and their adaptation to the Polish language. Views: The PANSS-6 scale consists of six items taken from the PANSS scale, which assess delusions, hallucinatory behaviour, conceptual disorganization, passivity/apathy, social withdrawal, blunted affect, lack of spontaneity and a fluent conversation. Among the advantages of PANSS-6 are scalability, high correlation with full PANSS assessment results and sensitivity to changes in the patient’s mental state during antipsychotic treatment. SNAPSI is a semi-structured interview which enables the assessment of the PANSS-6 scale, the assessment of selected items of the Brief Psychiatric Assessment Scale (BPRS), and the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS), as well as the assessment of the overall severity of symptoms with the General Clinical Impression (CGI) scale. It takes between 15 to 25 minutes. Conclusions: Both tools have been adapted to Polish, in accordance with the recommendations regarding the adaptation of scales and clinical tests to other languages. They are being disseminated publicly through a website and can be used free of charge in medical and non-commercial scientific research.
{"title":"Simplified Interview for Negative and Positive Symptoms (SNAPSI)\u0000and the PANSS-6 scale – Polish language adaptation and application","authors":"Kaja Wojciechowska, Małgorzata Walęcka, J. Szmyd, A. Wichniak","doi":"10.5114/PPN.2020.103633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/PPN.2020.103633","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The treatment of schizophrenia requires regular assessment of the patient’s mental state. The quantitative assessment of the severity of schizophrenia symptoms is performed using clinical scales, most often the PANSS scale. However, the scale is rarely used in everyday clinical work as the assessment itself is very time-consuming. A Simplified Interview for Negative and Positive Symptoms (SNAPSI) and the PANSS-6 scale have been proposed as practical methods to facilitate the quantitative assessment of the patient’s mental state. The aim of the article is to present both of those tools and their adaptation to the Polish language. Views: The PANSS-6 scale consists of six items taken from the PANSS scale, which assess delusions, hallucinatory behaviour, conceptual disorganization, passivity/apathy, social withdrawal, blunted affect, lack of spontaneity and a fluent conversation. Among the advantages of PANSS-6 are scalability, high correlation with full PANSS assessment results and sensitivity to changes in the patient’s mental state during antipsychotic treatment. SNAPSI is a semi-structured interview which enables the assessment of the PANSS-6 scale, the assessment of selected items of the Brief Psychiatric Assessment Scale (BPRS), and the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS), as well as the assessment of the overall severity of symptoms with the General Clinical Impression (CGI) scale. It takes between 15 to 25 minutes. Conclusions: Both tools have been adapted to Polish, in accordance with the recommendations regarding the adaptation of scales and clinical tests to other languages. They are being disseminated publicly through a website and can be used free of charge in medical and non-commercial scientific research.","PeriodicalId":39142,"journal":{"name":"Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70511792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The study aimed to establish the role of rumination and coping strategies in the occurrence of the positive effects of trauma (in the form of posttraumatic growth) resulting from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: The results of 64 people (out of 120 covered by the study), who indicated that HIV diagnosis was a traumatic event for them, were analysed. The study group consisted of members of the support group for people living with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a city in central Poland, patients participating in therapy at the Centre for Addiction Treatment who reported after obtaining seropositive status, and boarders at the Readaptation Centre. The age of the participants ranged from 20-58 years (M = 38.2, SD = 9.16). The following Polish versions of standardized tools were used: Posttraumatic Growth Inventory – PTGI, Event Related Rumination Inventory – ERRI, measuring two types of ruminations: intrusive and deliberate and short version of Coping Inventory – Mini-Cope. Results: Ruminations were not directly associated with the intensity of posttraumatic growth. The conducted path analysis indicated that such coping strategies, as the seeking of emotional support, active coping and turning to religion play a mediating role between deliberate ruminations and the prevalence of positive posttraumatic changes in general and in particular factors. Conclusions: Ruminations do not correlate directly with posttraumatic growth resulting from HIV infection, however they have impact on its level indirectly through the coping strategies.
{"title":"Positive effects of trauma among people living with human immunodeficiency virus – the role of rumination and coping strategies","authors":"N. Ogińska-Bulik, Magdalena Kobylarczyk","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2020.96699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2020.96699","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study aimed to establish the role of rumination and coping strategies in the occurrence of the positive effects of trauma (in the form of posttraumatic growth) resulting from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: The results of 64 people (out of 120 covered by the study), who indicated that HIV diagnosis was a traumatic event for them, were analysed. The study group consisted of members of the support group for people living with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a city in central Poland, patients participating in therapy at the Centre for Addiction Treatment who reported after obtaining seropositive status, and boarders at the Readaptation Centre. The age of the participants ranged from 20-58 years (M = 38.2, SD = 9.16). The following Polish versions of standardized tools were used: Posttraumatic Growth Inventory – PTGI, Event Related Rumination Inventory – ERRI, measuring two types of ruminations: intrusive and deliberate and short version of Coping Inventory – Mini-Cope. Results: Ruminations were not directly associated with the intensity of posttraumatic growth. The conducted path analysis indicated that such coping strategies, as the seeking of emotional support, active coping and turning to religion play a mediating role between deliberate ruminations and the prevalence of positive posttraumatic changes in general and in particular factors. Conclusions: Ruminations do not correlate directly with posttraumatic growth resulting from HIV infection, however they have impact on its level indirectly through the coping strategies.","PeriodicalId":39142,"journal":{"name":"Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/ppn.2020.96699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Author reviews up-to-date publications and provides comprehensive information on the most common pitfalls of electrodiagnostic tests. regarding commonly en-countered pitfalls in electrodiagnostic studies. The article presents also influence of devices settings, proper conditions of nerve conduction studies and factors that may affect their results. Views: Electrodiagnostic tests, including electroneurographic (ENG) and electromyographic (EMG) examinations, are the gold standard in the evaluation of the function of peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction and muscles. The main objective of these tests is to determine the type and location of the damage, but also to determine the characteristics of the various disorders associated with the peripheral nervous system. However, these tests should be considered as an extension and supplement of the patient’s medical history, physical examination, results of other tests and should be always interpreted with the whole clinical picture. Many factors, such as biological, physical, resulting from the instrumentation used and their settings, and technical reasons may affect the result of electrodiagnostic tests or their incorrect interpretation. This may have serious consequences and lead to diagnostic errors. Conclusions: Physicians should be aware of the electrodiagnostic pitfalls that may lead to erroneous conclusions about the nature of the abnormalities underlying peripheral nerve and muscle disorders. An incorrectly performed examination or its interpretation may affect further treatment or prevent the development of an accurate final diagnosis. In some cases, this may lead to delayed treatment introduction and worse patients outcome. conduction, neuromuscular disorders.
{"title":"Factors influencing the result of an electroneurographic examination","authors":"J. Bembenek","doi":"10.5114/ppn.2020.97331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ppn.2020.97331","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Author reviews up-to-date publications and provides comprehensive information on the most common pitfalls of electrodiagnostic tests. regarding commonly en-countered pitfalls in electrodiagnostic studies. The article presents also influence of devices settings, proper conditions of nerve conduction studies and factors that may affect their results. Views: Electrodiagnostic tests, including electroneurographic (ENG) and electromyographic (EMG) examinations, are the gold standard in the evaluation of the function of peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction and muscles. The main objective of these tests is to determine the type and location of the damage, but also to determine the characteristics of the various disorders associated with the peripheral nervous system. However, these tests should be considered as an extension and supplement of the patient’s medical history, physical examination, results of other tests and should be always interpreted with the whole clinical picture. Many factors, such as biological, physical, resulting from the instrumentation used and their settings, and technical reasons may affect the result of electrodiagnostic tests or their incorrect interpretation. This may have serious consequences and lead to diagnostic errors. Conclusions: Physicians should be aware of the electrodiagnostic pitfalls that may lead to erroneous conclusions about the nature of the abnormalities underlying peripheral nerve and muscle disorders. An incorrectly performed examination or its interpretation may affect further treatment or prevent the development of an accurate final diagnosis. In some cases, this may lead to delayed treatment introduction and worse patients outcome. conduction, neuromuscular disorders.","PeriodicalId":39142,"journal":{"name":"Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/ppn.2020.97331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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