This paper focuses on the rivalry between the US and China, with particular emphasis on the renminbi (RMB) and the US dollar. It examines three related points. First, for China to upend the dominance of the US dollar and replace it, even partially, with the RMB would require major—and probably disruptive— changes in China’s financial markets and monetary policies. Is the Chinese government willing to take those steps? Second, can China overtake the US economy and provide another incentive for international investors to start switching to the RMB? And third, is it still a question of whether de-dollarisation is happening, or has the question moved on to asking how fast the RMB can rival the US dollar in the 21st century? Finally, the paper examines China’s economic problems, which are set to damage the RMB’s reputation and progress as a reserve currency.
{"title":"China’s Economic and Currency Management Will Make It Difficult to Dethrone the Dollar","authors":"John Ryan","doi":"10.1353/isia.0.a922407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/isia.0.a922407","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the rivalry between the US and China, with particular emphasis on the renminbi (RMB) and the US dollar. It examines three related points. First, for China to upend the dominance of the US dollar and replace it, even partially, with the RMB would require major—and probably disruptive— changes in China’s financial markets and monetary policies. Is the Chinese government willing to take those steps? Second, can China overtake the US economy and provide another incentive for international investors to start switching to the RMB? And third, is it still a question of whether de-dollarisation is happening, or has the question moved on to asking how fast the RMB can rival the US dollar in the 21st century? Finally, the paper examines China’s economic problems, which are set to damage the RMB’s reputation and progress as a reserve currency.","PeriodicalId":39181,"journal":{"name":"Irish Studies in International Affairs","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The UN Security Council’s divisions over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 have captured international headlines. There has been less attention on the implications of the war for the Security Council’s primary responsibility to maintain international peace and security. This paper examines the ways in which the Security Council has addressed conflict between states as well as civil wars and the continuities reflected in its approach to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. It then explores some of the ways in which the Council’s management of conflict-related crises might evolve in light of the Ukraine war and the implications these may have for the legitimacy and effectiveness of the Council, as well as the role of other multilateral organisations. This paper builds on remarks provided at a Royal Irish Academy seminar, ‘Ireland on the Security Council’, on 23 November 2022.
{"title":"Chronicle of a Death Foretold? The War in Ukraine and the UN Security Council","authors":"Renata Dwan","doi":"10.1353/isia.0.a915222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/isia.0.a915222","url":null,"abstract":"The UN Security Council’s divisions over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 have captured international headlines. There has been less attention on the implications of the war for the Security Council’s primary responsibility to maintain international peace and security. This paper examines the ways in which the Security Council has addressed conflict between states as well as civil wars and the continuities reflected in its approach to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. It then explores some of the ways in which the Council’s management of conflict-related crises might evolve in light of the Ukraine war and the implications these may have for the legitimacy and effectiveness of the Council, as well as the role of other multilateral organisations. This paper builds on remarks provided at a Royal Irish Academy seminar, ‘Ireland on the Security Council’, on 23 November 2022.","PeriodicalId":39181,"journal":{"name":"Irish Studies in International Affairs","volume":"141 6","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preserving the international rules-based order – addressing risks and meeting responsibilities","authors":"Micheál Martin","doi":"10.1353/isia.0.a915387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/isia.0.a915387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39181,"journal":{"name":"Irish Studies in International Affairs","volume":"8 5","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138626658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ireland’s answer to transitioning, greening and securing energy production is essentially to develop offshore wind, thereby leveraging its large maritime territory. Ireland supplies and runs an all-island grid, and has export potential to other EU countries by means of interconnectors. This article argues that energy transition is an opportunity for Ireland to rank as a key energy supplier and technological leader for offshore wind. Reaching these positions requires a range of political and industrial measures to achieve strategic management of Irish waters. The Irish government, together with the national electricity company, the Electricity Supply Board, is now rolling out a roadmap of programmes and investments to dramatically increase offshore wind share in the national energy mix by 2030. A very clear governmental transition strategy, the recent launch of several infrastructure construction works and significant financial firepower, combined with strong EU support, give confidence that Ireland can deliver on its objectives.
{"title":"The Wind That Shakes the Turbines: Analysis of Irish Energy Production and Sovereignty","authors":"Elise Lefeuvre","doi":"10.1353/isia.0.a915880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/isia.0.a915880","url":null,"abstract":"Ireland’s answer to transitioning, greening and securing energy production is essentially to develop offshore wind, thereby leveraging its large maritime territory. Ireland supplies and runs an all-island grid, and has export potential to other EU countries by means of interconnectors. This article argues that energy transition is an opportunity for Ireland to rank as a key energy supplier and technological leader for offshore wind. Reaching these positions requires a range of political and industrial measures to achieve strategic management of Irish waters. The Irish government, together with the national electricity company, the Electricity Supply Board, is now rolling out a roadmap of programmes and investments to dramatically increase offshore wind share in the national energy mix by 2030. A very clear governmental transition strategy, the recent launch of several infrastructure construction works and significant financial firepower, combined with strong EU support, give confidence that Ireland can deliver on its objectives.","PeriodicalId":39181,"journal":{"name":"Irish Studies in International Affairs","volume":"36 4","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Covid-19 has revealed the urgent need for global solidarity in an era of interconnected crises (permacrisis). The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to improve pandemic prevention, preparedness and response through a ‘convention, agreement or another international instrument under the constitution of WHO’ (‘pandemic treaty’). This study analyses shortcomings in global health solidarity during Covid-19, investigates legal impacts of the pandemic treaty and navigates the arguments for and against a pandemic treaty. The treaty’s potential legal implications for human rights, intellectual property law, tort law, global health law, competition law and public procurement are examined, as well as some challenges to its implementation. The treaty’s success depends on overcoming differences and learning from global failure in order to prepare better for the next pandemic. The pandemic treaty must ensure equity, transparency, accountability and human rights while facilitating access to vaccines and other pandemic-related products, especially for low- and middle-income countries.
{"title":"Building Global Health Solidarity in a Permacrisis: Legal Impacts of a Pandemic Treaty","authors":"Mina Hosseini","doi":"10.1353/isia.0.a915221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/isia.0.a915221","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 has revealed the urgent need for global solidarity in an era of interconnected crises (permacrisis). The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to improve pandemic prevention, preparedness and response through a ‘convention, agreement or another international instrument under the constitution of WHO’ (‘pandemic treaty’). This study analyses shortcomings in global health solidarity during Covid-19, investigates legal impacts of the pandemic treaty and navigates the arguments for and against a pandemic treaty. The treaty’s potential legal implications for human rights, intellectual property law, tort law, global health law, competition law and public procurement are examined, as well as some challenges to its implementation. The treaty’s success depends on overcoming differences and learning from global failure in order to prepare better for the next pandemic. The pandemic treaty must ensure equity, transparency, accountability and human rights while facilitating access to vaccines and other pandemic-related products, especially for low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":39181,"journal":{"name":"Irish Studies in International Affairs","volume":" 15","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138617648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reconstructs the context in which the manuscript of Conor Cruise O’Brien’s ‘lost book’ came to be written and the unfruitful effort to get it into the public domain. Through an examination of documentary evidence held in the National Archives of Ireland, it is shown that previous accounts have been wide of the mark. The attribution of sole authorship of the manuscript to O’Brien is challenged, replacing it with the idea that the text was a collective endeavour. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Joseph Brennan, a counsellor at the Irish Embassy in Washington, DC, rather than O’Brien was the driving force behind the supposed ‘lost book of O’Brien’, and especially in later efforts to revive the work. It is hoped that future scholars will make claims about O’Brien’s ‘lost book’ and its potential implications for his early thought with greater circumspection than has hitherto been the case.
{"title":"The ‘Lost Book’ of Conor Cruise O’brien","authors":"Hugh Hanley","doi":"10.1353/isia.0.a915223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/isia.0.a915223","url":null,"abstract":"This article reconstructs the context in which the manuscript of Conor Cruise O’Brien’s ‘lost book’ came to be written and the unfruitful effort to get it into the public domain. Through an examination of documentary evidence held in the National Archives of Ireland, it is shown that previous accounts have been wide of the mark. The attribution of sole authorship of the manuscript to O’Brien is challenged, replacing it with the idea that the text was a collective endeavour. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Joseph Brennan, a counsellor at the Irish Embassy in Washington, DC, rather than O’Brien was the driving force behind the supposed ‘lost book of O’Brien’, and especially in later efforts to revive the work. It is hoped that future scholars will make claims about O’Brien’s ‘lost book’ and its potential implications for his early thought with greater circumspection than has hitherto been the case.","PeriodicalId":39181,"journal":{"name":"Irish Studies in International Affairs","volume":"10 6","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of human security, introduced to the global public policy lexicon in 1994, did two things. First, it challenged conventional and dominant state-centric approaches to security to rethink security in universal people-centred terms. Second, in its focus on human life and dignity, it called for a profound transition in security thinking to make all people everywhere matter. This article argues that the development of human security within the UN system has not sufficiently met these objectives. Through an analysis of three key human security sectors— food security, health security and disaster events—it reveals how conventional approaches to human security can be implicated in neglect, invisibility and marginalisation such that those already facing insecurity are made worse off still. A critical human security lens demonstrates that foregrounding recognition, solidarity and agency can help to expose invisibilities and encourage strategies to make people count.
{"title":"Unsettling Human (In)Security: Challenging Neglect and Making the Unapparent Appear","authors":"Lorraine Elliott","doi":"10.1353/isia.0.a915388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/isia.0.a915388","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of human security, introduced to the global public policy lexicon in 1994, did two things. First, it challenged conventional and dominant state-centric approaches to security to rethink security in universal people-centred terms. Second, in its focus on human life and dignity, it called for a profound transition in security thinking to make all people everywhere matter. This article argues that the development of human security within the UN system has not sufficiently met these objectives. Through an analysis of three key human security sectors— food security, health security and disaster events—it reveals how conventional approaches to human security can be implicated in neglect, invisibility and marginalisation such that those already facing insecurity are made worse off still. A critical human security lens demonstrates that foregrounding recognition, solidarity and agency can help to expose invisibilities and encourage strategies to make people count.","PeriodicalId":39181,"journal":{"name":"Irish Studies in International Affairs","volume":" 43","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Irish Overseas Development Aid Programme 2021–22","authors":"Patrick Paul Walsh, Ciara Whelan","doi":"10.1353/isia.0.a916207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/isia.0.a916207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39181,"journal":{"name":"Irish Studies in International Affairs","volume":"115 ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139024299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper I argue that the self-evident sustainability of the changes wrought by anti-terrorism law since the 11 September 2001 attacks are rooted in our colonial past, a past that is littered with such laws. I further argue that in the post-colonial period those laws were then carried over into the Cold War era, where they were too useful in the struggle against radical dissent ever to be completely jettisoned—even by those newly liberated countries whose leaders had suffered under their coercive power. The paper ends with some brief reflections on how the ‘problem’ of ‘terrorism’ became globalised in the post-colonial period. My examination of its origins led me to believe that the ‘War on Terror’ was easy to entrench because liberal democracies had had decades of practice at it.
{"title":"Homeland Insecurity: Why Anti-Terrorism Laws are Here to Stay","authors":"Conor Gearty","doi":"10.1353/isia.0.a910877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/isia.0.a910877","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I argue that the self-evident sustainability of the changes wrought by anti-terrorism law since the 11 September 2001 attacks are rooted in our colonial past, a past that is littered with such laws. I further argue that in the post-colonial period those laws were then carried over into the Cold War era, where they were too useful in the struggle against radical dissent ever to be completely jettisoned—even by those newly liberated countries whose leaders had suffered under their coercive power. The paper ends with some brief reflections on how the ‘problem’ of ‘terrorism’ became globalised in the post-colonial period. My examination of its origins led me to believe that the ‘War on Terror’ was easy to entrench because liberal democracies had had decades of practice at it.","PeriodicalId":39181,"journal":{"name":"Irish Studies in International Affairs","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136056390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay extends research on the relationships between human security, biopolitics and geopolitics by examining the securitisation of HIV/AIDS. Taking the geopolitical moment of the end of the Cold War, we put forward two competing framings of AIDS as a geopolitical concern. One of these was liberal multiculturalism via an acceptance of a multilateral rights-based international framework, while the other was a form of unipolar colonialism whereby global governance was based on a subset of US national values. We then critically engage with both in relation to the development of international AIDS policies throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s. We conclude by reflecting on the wide-ranging implications of these pathways today.
{"title":"From Rights to Beliefs: The Geopolitics of Securitising AIDS","authors":"Gerry Kearns, Andrew Tucker","doi":"10.1353/isia.0.a907655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/isia.0.a907655","url":null,"abstract":"This essay extends research on the relationships between human security, biopolitics and geopolitics by examining the securitisation of HIV/AIDS. Taking the geopolitical moment of the end of the Cold War, we put forward two competing framings of AIDS as a geopolitical concern. One of these was liberal multiculturalism via an acceptance of a multilateral rights-based international framework, while the other was a form of unipolar colonialism whereby global governance was based on a subset of US national values. We then critically engage with both in relation to the development of international AIDS policies throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s. We conclude by reflecting on the wide-ranging implications of these pathways today.","PeriodicalId":39181,"journal":{"name":"Irish Studies in International Affairs","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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