Pharmeuropa bio & scientific notes最新文献

The European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) standard ELISA method for determination of antigen content of hepatitis A vaccines (HAV) requires specific coating and detection Biological Reference Reagents (BRRs). The 4th batch of detection antibodies BRRs was established in 2017 for use in conjunction with the Ph. Eur. General Chapter 2.7.14 Assay of hepatitis A vaccine. Stocks of these BRRs were running low and therefore the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare (EDQM) organised a collaborative study to qualify replacement batches. The candidate BRR antibodies batch 5 were prepared under appropriate conditions from starting materials similar to previous batches to ensure continuity. Prior to the study, a low level of detection was obtained with new batches of the HRPO-GAM provided by the established supplier, supposedly due to a manufacturing issue in the conjugation step. Several other batches procured from the same supplier were tested without any success. Consequently HRPO-GAM batches from 3 other suppliers were tested and one batch was chosen to be included as a BRR based on its suitable characteristics. During the collaborative study, the new batches of antibodies were compared to previous batches of BRRs. Results confirmed that they were suitable to be used for the intended purpose, and could be used at the same final concentrations as the previous batch, i.e. 1:500 for the primary antibody and 1:400 for the conjugated secondary antibody. A higher background OD than in previous batches was observed, so it is recommended to subtract the background from the OD values obtained in the test in order to plot the sigmoid curve and calculate the titre of test samples. Moreover it is recommended that the first dilutions used for the IS and BRP2 should be 1:2 and 1:20, respectively, in order to achieve the same ODmax as for the previous BRRs batches. The BRRs were adopted by correspondence in October 2018 by the Ph. Eur. Commission and are presented as a set containing Hepatitis A virus primary detection antibody BRR batch 5 and Conjugated secondary detection antibody BRR batch 5. They are available from the EDQM as Hepatitis A vaccine ELISA detection antibodies set BRR batch 5.

The European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) for erythropoietin (EPO) is used as a working standard for potency determination of EPO preparations by in vivo bioassay as prescribed in Ph. Eur. monograph 1316 'Erythropoietin concentrated solution'. BRP batch 4 (BRP4) was calibrated in 2014 and its stocks are depleted. The European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare (EDQM) thus endorsed a project (BSP147) to calibrate a replacement batch in International Units against the 3rd WHO International Standard (IS) for erythropoietin, recombinant, for bioassay (11/170). The amount of material contained in the vial of BRP4 greatly exceeded the amount needed for one bioassay, sometimes leading to considerable waste. It was thus decided to prepare a candidate material with a lower EPO content. The collaborative study involved eight laboratories in Europe, the USA and Australia. Based on the outcome of the study, the Ph. Eur. Commission adopted the proposed standard as Erythropoietin BRP batch 5 in June 2018 for use as a reference preparation solely for the polycythaemic and normocythaemic mouse bioassays, with an assigned potency of 2000 IU/ampoule. Furthermore, the potency of BRP batch 4 was confirmed during the study thus warranting a good continuity of the International Unit.

The European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monograph 1316 'Erythropoietin concentrated solution' prescribes that the dimer content of therapeutic erythropoietin (EPO) preparations must not exceed 2% as determined by Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). This report describes the evaluation of a candidate Chemical Reference Substance (cCRS) to serve as system suitability reference material for the qualification of SEC systems used to assess dimer and oligomer content in EPO solutions. The study organised by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) was performed with the participation of six European laboratories which tested the candidate material and the EPO for physicochemical tests CRS batch 1. The candidate material was shown to be a suitable reference material for the determination of the resolving capability of the SEC system for separation of dimer and higher oligomers from monomeric EPO. The cCRS was adopted by the Ph. Eur. Commission as Erythropoietin for SEC system suitability CRS batch 1 following consideration of the report. The importance of the resolving capability of the SEC system, as defined by the peak ratios or the peak-to-valley resolution, together with the asymmetry of the peaks eluted, and the linear response of the UV detector were all seen as critical parameters. Therefore, the monograph Erythropoietin concentrated solution (1316) was revised concomitantly to take account of the CRS and to set acceptance criteria for these critical parameters..

Human immunoglobulin products are used for the treatment of a number of diseases, such as primary or secondary immunodeficiencies and autoimmune conditions due to the complete absence of antibodies or the production of defective immunoglobulins. Quality control of human immunoglobulin products is essential to ensure therapeutic functionality and safety. This includes testing for Fc function and anticomplementary activity (ACA), as well as verification of appropriate molecular size distribution using size-exclusion chromatography as prescribed in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monographs 0338, 0918, 2788 and 1928. To this end, specific biological reference preparations (BRPs) must be used. Stocks of these BRPs were running low and therefore a collaborative study was run by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme, to calibrate replacement batches. Seventeen laboratories, including manufacturers and Official Medicines Control Laboratories, took part in the study. Several batches of candidate BRPs were calibrated against human immunoglobulin (ACA and molecular size) BRP batch 1 and human immunoglobulin (Fc function and molecular size) BRP batch 1 to ensure continuity. Based on the study results, the candidate BRPs were adopted by the Ph. Eur. Commission as Ph. Eur. human immunoglobulin for anticomplementary activity BRP batch 1 and batch 2, Ph. Eur. human immunoglobulin for Fc function BRP batch 1 and batch 2 and Ph. Eur. human immunoglobulin (molecular size) BRP batch 2 and batch 3.

Since the opening for signature of the European Convention for the Protection of Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes in 1986, the European Pharmacopoeia Commission and its experts have carried out a programme of work committed to Replacing, Reducing and Refining (3Rs) the use of animals for test purposes. While updates on achievements in the field of the 3Rs are regularly provided, this article summarises the activities of the Ph. Eur. Commission in this field within the last decade.

In this contribution, data for 7 elemental impurities originating from quality control analysis of manufacturers of herbal products is evaluated in light of the current requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) and the European legislative framework. The data shows that the Ph. Eur. limits set for cadmium, lead and mercury in herbal drugs are in principle still appropriate. The probability of herbal drugs exceeding the limits for arsenic, cobalt, nickel and vanadium (based on the ICH Q3D guideline for elemental impurities) appears to be very low, and consequently, it is proposed that general limits for these elements in herbal drugs in the Ph. Eur. are not required. For essential oils, there does not appear to be a risk of heavy metal contamination and a general test on heavy metals is not considered necessary.

The European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) standard ELISA method for determination of antigen content of hepatitis A vaccines (HAV) requires specific coating and detection Biological Reference Reagents (BRRs). The 3^rd batch of detection antibodies BRRs was established in 2015 for use in conjunction with the Ph. Eur. general chapter 2.7.14 'Assay of hepatitis A vaccine'. Stocks of these BRRs were running low and therefore the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) organised a collaborative study to qualify replacement batches. The candidate BRR antibodies batch 4 were prepared under appropriate conditions from starting materials similar to previous batches to ensure continuity. During the collaborative study, the new batches of antibodies were compared to previous batches of BRRs. Results confirmed that they were suitable to be used for the intended purpose, and could be used at the same final concentrations as the previous batch, i.e. 1:500 for the primary antibody and 1:400 for the conjugated secondary antibody. They were adopted in June 2017 by the Ph. Eur. Commission as Hepatitis A virus primary detection antibody BRR batch 4 and Conjugated secondary detection antibody BRR batch 4, respectively. They are available from the EDQM as Hepatitis A vaccine ELISA detection antibodies set BRR batch 4.

The European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) pertussis toxin (PT) Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) is used as a working standard for safety testing of acellular pertussis vaccines as prescribed in the Ph. Eur. monographs 1356 "Pertussis vaccine (acellular, component, adsorbed)" and 1595 "Pertussis vaccine (acellular, co-purified, adsorbed)". The BRP was calibrated in 2006 in the murine histamine sensitisation test (HIST) against the World Health Organization (WHO) 1^st International Standard (IS) for PT. In recent years, there have been increasing efforts to replace the in vivo test with in vitro methods. The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell clustering assay has been used for many years by manufacturers to monitor residual PT activity in detoxified non-adjuvanted bulks. More recently a standardised protocol has been developed for this assay and a PT reference preparation was needed. Due to low stocks, the WHO 1^st International Standard for Pertussis Toxin (JNIH-5) needed to be replaced and therefore a joint study between the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) and WHO was initiated to calibrate the PT BRP for the CHO clustering assay and to replace the IS. The collaborative study involved 14 laboratories from Europe, North America and Asia. The outcome of the study confirmed that the BRP is suitable for use as a reference preparation in the CHO clustering assay. The material was assigned a potency of 1360 IU per vial for the CHO clustering assay.

Detection of viral contamination in plasma donations is critical to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. The European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monograph 1646 'Human plasma (pooled and treated for virus inactivation)', requires that plasma pools used for the manufacture of this product be tested, among others, for the presence of hepatitis A virus RNA by nucleic acid testing (NAT) using a positive control containing 100 International Units (IU) of hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA per mL. To this end, the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM, Council of Europe) organised an international collaborative study under the aegis of the Biological Standardisation Programme, for the establishment of the 1^st Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) for HAV RNA for NAT testing. A freeze-dried candidate material was thus prepared and calibrated against the WHO 2^nd International Standard for HAV for NAT (00/562) in a study in which thirteen European and North American laboratories including Official Medicines Control Laboratories (OMCLs), manufacturers of plasma-derived products, producers of in vitro diagnostic kits and a blood transfusion centre participated. Based on the outcome of the study, an HAV RNA content of 40 000 IU/vial (corresponding approximately to 4.6 log₁₀ IU/vial) was assigned to the BRP, which was adopted by the Ph. Eur. Commission in March 2016 as Ph. Eur. hepatitis A virus RNA for NAT testing BRP batch 1.

To date, the potency of allergen products in Europe is expressed in manufacturer-specific units relative to a product-specific in-house reference. Consequently, cross-product comparability of allergen products from different manufacturers with respect to strength and efficacy is impossible. The Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) project BSP090 addresses this issue via the establishment of reference standards in conjunction with ELISA methods for the quantification of major allergens in allergen products. Since the initiation of BSP090, the recombinant major allergen Bet v 1 has been adopted by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission as a Chemical Reference Substance (CRS). In parallel, two sandwich ELISA systems for quantification of Bet v 1 were found suitable in preliminary phases of BSP090 to be validated in a large collaborative study. In this study, the candidate ELISA systems were compared with respect to accuracy, precision and variability. Thirteen participating laboratories tested model samples containing the CRS as well as spiked and unspiked birch pollen extracts. Both in pre-testing and in the collaborative study, the 2 candidate ELISA systems confirmed their suitability to quantify recombinant and native Bet v 1. As no clear-cut decision for one of the ELISA systems could be made based on the results of the collaborative study, a post-study testing was performed. Bet v 1 content of 30 birch pollen allergen products was determined in parallel in both ELISA systems. Consequently, 1 candidate ELISA system was selected to be proposed as the future European Pharmacopoeia standard method for Bet v 1 quantification.