Microchemical Journal最新文献_第5页

Schiff base reaction-assisted SERS internal standard strategy for highly sensitive and accurate detection of vanillin derivatives in tea matrices 希夫碱反应辅助SERS内标策略用于茶叶基质中香兰素衍生物的高灵敏度和准确性检测

IF 4.9 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchemical Journal

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117137

Yu-Jia Chen , Jing-Wen Zhou , Hongmei Li , Yu-Qing Wang , Xue-Yang Xiong , Jia-Sheng Lin , Cheng Pan , Bao-Ying Wen , Yue-Jiao Zhang , Jian-Feng Li

Background

Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), an aromatic compound derived from vanilla pods. Currently, it is widely used as an additive in the food industry due to its unique aroma and flavor. However, excessive consumption of vanillin can cause nausea, dizziness, allergies and vomiting. Various methods have been established to detect vanillin content, including electrochemistry, gas chromatography (GC), fluorescence analysis. These methods exhibit good sensitivity in vanillin detection but are limited by complex pretreatment steps, time consumption, and expensive equipment. Thus, it is critical to develop a sensitive, rapid, simple, and low-cost method for monitoring vanillin concentration in food.

Results

In this work, a Schiff base reaction-assisted SERS internal standard detection method is proposed for the highly sensitive detection of vanillin in tea. Ag nanocubes (Ag NCs) are functionalized with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP), whose amino group undergoes a Schiff base reaction with the aldehyde group of vanillin to form a stable CN imine group. Highly sensitive detection of vanillin is achieved by identifying the CN stretching vibration peak. Using the CS stretching vibration peak as an internal standard, a linear relationship is established. The results show that this method requires no tedious pretreatment and achieves a detection limit of 10 μg/L for vanillin in real tea samples. Meanwhile, this strategy is applicable to different tea systems and the detection of various aldehyde flavor molecules. Additionally, the internal standard strategy reduces systematic errors and improves the accuracy of quantitative analysis.

Significance

The universal Schiff base reaction-assisted SERS internal standard strategy proposed in this work can specifically capture aldehyde flavor molecules via Schiff base reaction. The developed strategy exhibits good anti-interference ability and thus expands the great potential of SERS technology in aldehyde flavor additives detection and regulatory management in food safety.

香兰素（4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛），一种从香草豆荚中提取的芳香化合物。目前，由于其独特的香气和风味，在食品工业中被广泛用作添加剂。然而，过量食用香兰素会引起恶心、头晕、过敏和呕吐。建立了多种检测香兰素含量的方法，包括电化学、气相色谱、荧光分析等。这些方法在香兰素检测中表现出良好的灵敏度，但受前处理步骤复杂、耗时和设备昂贵的限制。因此，开发一种灵敏、快速、简单、低成本的检测食品中香兰素浓度的方法至关重要。结果建立了一种希夫碱反应辅助SERS内标检测茶叶中香兰素的方法。银纳米立方（Ag NCs）被4-氨基噻吩（4-ATP）功能化，其氨基与香兰素醛基发生席夫碱反应，形成稳定的CN亚胺基。通过识别CN拉伸振动峰，实现了对香兰素的高灵敏度检测。以CS拉伸振动峰值为内标，建立了一种线性关系。结果表明，该方法无需繁琐的前处理，对实际茶叶样品中香兰素的检出限为10 μg/L。同时，该策略适用于不同茶叶体系和各种醛味分子的检测。此外，内部标准策略减少了系统误差，提高了定量分析的准确性。意义本研究提出的通用希夫碱反应辅助SERS内标策略可以通过希夫碱反应特异性捕获醛类风味分子。所开发的策略具有良好的抗干扰能力，从而拓展了SERS技术在食品安全中乙醛香精添加剂检测和监管管理方面的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

CRISPR/Cas12a-activated nanozyme-Aptasensor for ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of ochratoxin a based on MOF@pt@MOF nanostructures 基于MOF@pt@MOF纳米结构的CRISPR/ cas12a活化纳米酶- aptassensor超灵敏比色检测赭曲霉毒素a

IF 4.9 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchemical Journal

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117143

Meilin Liu , Yi Duan , Yiyao Luo , Xuhui Xia , Mingyi Guo , Danqun Huo , Changjun Hou

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a prevalent cereal mycotoxin, exhibits carcinogenic and teratogenic properties that threaten public health. Consequently, sensitive and reliable OTA detection methods are critically needed. A CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated colorimetric biosensor was developed, integrating Cas12a regulation via modular hairpin structures with MOF@Pt@MOF nanozyme amplification. Hairpin structures incorporate target-specific sequences; target binding induces rearrangement, preventing Cas12a recognition while enabling dsDNA activators to restore Cas12a function. Magnetic beads (MBs) were coupled with MOF@Pt@MOF nanozymes via ssDNA to construct MBs-MOF@Pt@MOF probes. Following OTA-induced activation, Cas12a cleaves ssDNA, releasing nanozymes into the supernatant, catalyzing TMB oxidation to generate a blue chromophore. A detection limit of 0.055 ng/mL was achieved with excellent selectivity. This approach utilizes inhibitory aptamer conformational changes for precise Cas12a regulation and nanozyme signal amplification to enhance sensitivity and specificity. The modular design demonstrates versatility for diverse target detection in point-of-care testing (POCT) applications.

赭曲霉毒素A （OTA）是一种普遍存在的谷物真菌毒素，具有致癌和致畸特性，威胁公众健康。因此，迫切需要敏感可靠的OTA检测方法。开发了一种crispr -Cas12a介导的比色生物传感器，通过模块化发夹结构将Cas12a调控与MOF@Pt@MOF纳米酶扩增相结合。发夹结构包含目标特异性序列；靶结合诱导重排，阻止Cas12a识别，同时使dsDNA激活剂恢复Cas12a功能。磁珠（mb）通过ssDNA与MOF@Pt@MOF纳米酶偶联，构建MBs-MOF@Pt@MOF探针。在ota诱导激活后，Cas12a裂解ssDNA，将纳米酶释放到上清液中，催化TMB氧化生成蓝色发色团。检出限为0.055 ng/mL，具有良好的选择性。该方法利用抑制性适体构象变化对Cas12a进行精确调控，并利用纳米酶信号扩增来提高灵敏度和特异性。模块化设计展示了在护理点测试（POCT）应用中不同目标检测的多功能性。

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-sensitive ratiometric luminescent sensing of diquat and application in hydrogel anti-counterfeiting of Eu3+/Tb3+-doped Zn-MOF Eu3+/Tb3+掺杂Zn-MOF的超灵敏比例发光传感及水凝胶防伪应用

IF 4.9 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchemical Journal

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117145

Yong-Ning Yue , Ai-Jing Liu , Feng-Bo Wang , Xue-Qin Song

Diquat (DQ), as a broad-spectrum pesticide, poses inevitable threats to human health in agricultural production. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a simpler visual detection method for DQ. In this work, a ratiometric luminescence sensors [Eu³⁺@Zn-MOF (1) and Tb³⁺@Zn-MOF (2)] were constructed through post-synthetic modification (PSM) of a 2D coordination polymer Zn-MOF. The addition of analyte DQ enhances the central peak of Zn-MOF and quenches the characteristic peak of lanthanide elements, enabling ratiometric detection with higher sensitivity, the sensor also demonstrated excellent selectivity, low detection limits (0.662 nM for 1 and 0.092 nM for 2), rapid response (≤10 s), and attractive recyclability (≥5 cycles). Upon DQ addition, the sensor exhibited naked-eye-visible color changes under UV light due to synergistic quenching mechanisms involving internal filtering effect (IFE), energy competitive absorption (ECA), donor-photoinduced electron transfer (d-PET), and weak interactions. This was further verified by the prepared 1@PVA-6 and 2@PVA-6 portable luminescent hydrogel films, simultaneously, the obtained hydrogel composite materials displayed encrypted information that was invisible under daylight but became clearly visible only under 254 nm ultraviolet light, laying a solid foundation for the expansion of anti-counterfeiting applications. Most significantly, this sensing platform was successfully applied to the determination of DQ in apples and potatoes with satisfactory results. This study provides an effective alternative strategy for both qualitative and quantitative DQ detection to ensure food safety.

Diquat （DQ）作为一种广谱农药，在农业生产中对人体健康造成了不可避免的威胁。因此，开发一种更简单的DQ视觉检测方法势在必行。本文通过对二维配位聚合物Zn-MOF的合成后修饰（PSM），构建了比值发光传感器[Eu3+@Zn-MOF(1)和Tb3+@Zn-MOF(2)]。分析物DQ的加入增强了Zn-MOF的中心峰，淬灭了镧系元素的特征峰，使比值检测具有更高的灵敏度，同时该传感器还具有良好的选择性、低检出限（1为0.662 nM， 2为0.092 nM）、快速响应（≤10 s）和良好的可回收性（≥5次循环）。添加DQ后，由于内部过滤效应（IFE）、能量竞争吸收（ECA）、供体-光致电子转移（d-PET）和弱相互作用等协同猝灭机制，传感器在紫外光下呈现肉眼可见的颜色变化。制备的1@PVA-6和2@PVA-6便携式发光水凝胶薄膜进一步验证了这一点，同时，所制备的水凝胶复合材料显示了在日光下不可见的加密信息，但只有在254 nm紫外光下才能清晰可见，为扩大防伪应用奠定了坚实的基础。最重要的是，该传感平台成功地应用于苹果和土豆中DQ的测定，结果令人满意。本研究为定性和定量DQ检测提供了一种有效的替代策略，以确保食品安全。

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引用次数: 0

Stereospecific method for separation and quantification of Ezetimibe and its stereoisomers using ultra-performance convergence chromatography (UPC2) 超高效会聚色谱（UPC2）分离和定量依折替米布及其立体异构体的立体定向方法

IF 4.9 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchemical Journal

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117136

Saravana Kumar Meganathan , Bijaya Ketan Sahoo , Ch. Satyam , K. Rajani , Jagan Mohan Reddy Sanapureddy , K.M.V. Narayana Rao

Chirality plays a pivotal role in pharmaceutical efficacy and safety, necessitating precise analytical methods for determining enantiomeric purity. This becomes critically important when a chiral drug is intended for commercialization as a single enantiomer. However, in some cases, there is no significant advantage in doing so, and the drug is commercialized as a racemate instead. Ezetimibe, a lipid-lowering agent, exists in multiple stereoisomeric forms, each potentially exhibiting distinct pharmacological and toxicological profiles. In this study, a rapid and environmentally sustainable supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method was developed and validated for the quantification of five key ezetimibe stereoisomers: SSS-EZT, RSR-EZT, SSR-EZT, RRS-EZT, and RRR-EZT. Optimal separation was achieved using a coated amylose-C Neo [amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)] chiral stationary phase under isocratic conditions with CO₂ and a 35:65 (v/v) isopropanol: methanol mixture as organic modifier. The method demonstrated excellent resolution (Rs ≥ 1.5) within 30 min, significantly reducing analysis time compared to the USP-specified RPLC method. Validation in accordance with ICH guidelines confirmed the method's reliability, with correlation coefficients >0.990 and recovery rates ranging from 93% to 108%. Precision was <5.0% at 50% level and < 2.0% at 100% (SSR-EZT, RSR-EZT, and RRR-EZT at 5 μg/mL, SSS-EZT at 10 μg/mL, and RRS-EZT at 20 μg/mL) and 150% levels. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of ezetimibe samples, yielding results (±0.02%) in close agreement with the USP reference method. Furthermore, the analytical method greenness score (AMGS) further confirmed the approach's environmental sustainability. This SFC method offers a robust, efficient, and green alternative for routine stereoisomeric purity analysis of ezetimibe in pharmaceutical development and quality control.

手性在药物疗效和安全性中起着关键作用，需要精确的分析方法来确定对映体的纯度。当手性药物作为单一对映体用于商业化时，这一点变得至关重要。然而，在某些情况下，这样做没有明显的优势，而药物被作为外消旋物商业化。依折替米是一种降脂剂，以多种立体异构体形式存在，每种形式都可能表现出不同的药理学和毒理学特征。本研究建立了一种快速、环保的超临界流体色谱（SFC）方法，并对5种关键的依泽可米立体异构体：SSS-EZT、RSR-EZT、SSR-EZT、RRS-EZT和RRR-EZT进行了定量验证。采用包被直链淀粉- c - Neo[直链淀粉三（3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯）]手性固定相，以CO2和35:65 （v/v）异丙醇：甲醇混合物为有机改性剂，在等温条件下实现了最佳分离。该方法在30 min内具有良好的分辨率（Rs≥1.5），与usp规定的RPLC方法相比，显著缩短了分析时间。根据ICH指南进行验证，证实了该方法的可靠性，相关系数>；0.990，回收率为93% ~ 108%。在50%和100% （SSR-EZT、RSR-EZT和RRR-EZT为5 μg/mL， SSS-EZT为10 μg/mL， RRS-EZT为20 μg/mL）和150%水平下，精密度分别为5.0%和2.0%。该方法成功地应用于依折替米贝样品的分析，结果与USP参考方法吻合度（±0.02%）。此外，分析方法绿色评分（AMGS）进一步证实了该方法的环境可持续性。该方法为依折替米在药物开发和质量控制中的常规立体异构体纯度分析提供了一种可靠、高效、绿色的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Next-generation biodegradable sensors: A roadmap toward zero-waste electronics 下一代可生物降解传感器：迈向零废弃电子产品的路线图

IF 4.9 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchemical Journal

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117139

C. Jeyalakshmi , M. Parameswari , V. Vaidehi , B. Muthukumaran , K. Jayamoorthy

The rapid proliferation of electronic gadgets has exacerbated the global e-waste situation, necessitating immediate demand for sustainable alternatives. Biodegradable sensors, designed for temporary operation and safe disintegration, present an effective answer by integrating technology advancement with ecological stewardship. This review delineates a thorough framework for next-generation biodegradable sensors, analyzing progress in materials (biodegradable polymers, natural proteins, metals, and semiconductors), eco-friendly fabrication methods (printing, casting, roll-to-roll techniques), and application areas including biomedical diagnostics, agricultural monitoring, food safety, and environmental sensing. The primary difficulties of material-device compatibility, regulated deterioration, biocompatibility, and economic scalability are thoroughly examined. The review additionally examines prospective avenues for AI-assisted design, wireless bioresorbable devices, and the incorporation of circular economy ideas. This initiative seeks to expedite the advancement of sustainable, zero-waste electronic technologies by integrating materials research, fabrication engineering, and system-level deployment.

电子产品的迅速扩散加剧了全球电子垃圾的状况，迫切需要可持续的替代品。生物可降解传感器，设计用于临时操作和安全分解，提供了一个有效的解决方案，将技术进步与生态管理相结合。本文概述了下一代生物可降解传感器的全面框架，分析了材料（生物可降解聚合物、天然蛋白质、金属和半导体）、环保制造方法（印刷、铸造、卷对卷技术）以及生物医学诊断、农业监测、食品安全和环境传感等应用领域的进展。主要困难的材料-设备兼容性，调节恶化，生物相容性和经济可扩展性进行了彻底的检查。该综述还探讨了人工智能辅助设计、无线生物可吸收设备和循环经济理念结合的潜在途径。该计划旨在通过整合材料研究、制造工程和系统级部署，加快可持续、零废物电子技术的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Laser-induced UiO-66-derived ZrO2-ZrC-graphene sensor for sensitive detection of chlorogenic acid in food samples 激光诱导uio -66衍生zro2 - zrc -石墨烯传感器用于食品样品中绿原酸的灵敏检测

IF 4.9 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchemical Journal

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117108

Jiaqi Geng , Yanxin Lv , Zhitan Huang , Faman Lin , Neha , Brij Mohan , Wei Sun

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a dietary polyphenol with antioxidant and therapeutic benefits, can be harmful at high concentrations, necessitating sensitive detection in food. This study presents a ZrO₂-ZrC-doped laser-induced graphene (ZrO₂-ZrC-LIG) electrode prepared via a one-step laser carbonization of UiO-66/polyimide film. Structural analysis reveals a three-dimensional porous network with uniformly dispersed ZrO₂ and ZrC nanoparticles in graphene, which increases defect density, conductivity and surface area. The optimal conditions of laser-induced parameters such as power and carving depth for the electrode fabrication were selected. Under the optimal conditions, the electro-oxidation of CGA on the ZrO₂-ZrC-LIG electrode was carefully investigated with electrochemical parameters calculated. The presence of ZrO₂, ZrC and LIG exhibited an enhancement to the CGA oxidation with a pair of well-define redox peaks appeared, which was attributed to the faster electron transfer, higher electrocatalytic activity and synergistic effects. When integrated with a wireless portable electrochemical workstation, the fabricated sensor shows excellent analytical performance for CGA detection, including a wide linear range (0.1 μM to 1.0 mM), a low detection limit of 33 nM (3σ), along with high selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. When applied to apple and Eucommia ulmoides samples, it achieves the recoveries of 99.26–103.14%, confirming good analytical reliability. This simple and scalable method offers a promising strategy for developing flexible, portable electrochemical sensors for food safety and nutrition monitoring.

绿原酸（CGA）是一种具有抗氧化和治疗作用的膳食多酚，高浓度时可能有害，需要在食物中进行敏感检测。本研究通过一步激光碳化UiO-66/聚酰亚胺薄膜制备了zro2 - zrc掺杂激光诱导石墨烯（ZrO2-ZrC-LIG）电极。结构分析表明，在石墨烯中均匀分散的ZrO2和ZrC纳米颗粒形成了三维多孔网络，增加了缺陷密度、电导率和比表面积。选择了激光诱导参数的最佳条件，如功率和雕刻深度。在最佳条件下，研究了CGA在ZrO2-ZrC-LIG电极上的电氧化反应，并计算了电化学参数。ZrO2、ZrC和LIG的存在增强了CGA的氧化，出现了一对清晰的氧化还原峰，这是由于它们的电子转移更快、电催化活性更高和协同作用。该传感器与无线便携式电化学工作站集成后，具有较宽的线性范围（0.1 μM ~ 1.0 mM）、33 nM （3σ）的低检出限、高选择性、稳定性和重复性等特点。应用于苹果和杜仲样品，回收率为99.26 ~ 103.14%，具有良好的分析信度。这种简单且可扩展的方法为开发用于食品安全和营养监测的柔性便携式电化学传感器提供了一种有前途的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication of disposable MIP-based electrochemical sensor for sensitive point-of-care determination of atomoxetine in pharmaceutical and biological samples 基于mip的一次性电化学传感器的制备，用于药物和生物样品中托莫西汀的即时检测

IF 4.9 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchemical Journal

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117056

Mona T. Ragab, Aya A. Mouhamed, Amr M. Mahmoud, Aya T. Soudi

Three potentiometric sensors were developed for atomoxetine (ATX) determination with progressive enhancements in sensitivity, stability, and selectivity. The sensors were fabricated sequentially as a non-imprinted polymer membrane on a screen-printed electrode (SPE/ISM(NIP)), a carbon nanotube-modified version (SPE/ISM(NIP/CNT)), and a molecularly imprinted polymer supported on carbon nanotubes (SPE/ISM(MIP/CNT)). The final MIP/CNT sensor combined selective molecular recognition with improved electrical conductivity, resulting in superior analytical performance. Structural characterization confirmed successful formation of the core–shell MIP architecture. The optimized sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ to 1.0 × 10⁻² M with a low detection limit of 5.01 × 10⁻⁹ M, along with excellent stability, minimal signal drift, and high selectivity towards ATX in the presence of pharmaceutical excipients and biological interferents. The sensor was successfully applied to ATX determination in syrup formulations, spiked human plasma, and urine, achieving recoveries between 99.71% and 102.44%. Notably, clinically relevant ATX plasma concentrations fall within the sensor's working range, highlighting its potential for on-site pharmaceutical analysis and therapeutic drug monitoring.

开发了三种电位传感器，用于测定阿托西汀（ATX），其灵敏度、稳定性和选择性逐步增强。传感器依次制备为丝网印刷电极（SPE/ISM(NIP)）上的非印迹聚合物膜、碳纳米管修饰版（SPE/ISM(NIP/CNT)）和碳纳米管上的分子印迹聚合物（SPE/ISM(MIP/CNT)）。最终的MIP/CNT传感器结合了选择性分子识别和改进的电导率，从而获得了卓越的分析性能。结构表征证实了核-壳MIP结构的成功形成。优化后的传感器线性范围为1.0 × 10−8 ~ 1.0 × 10−2 M，检出限为5.01 × 10−9 M，稳定性好，信号漂移小，在药物赋形剂和生物干扰物存在下对ATX具有高选择性。该传感器成功应用于糖浆制剂、人血浆和尿液中ATX的测定，回收率在99.71% ~ 102.44%之间。值得注意的是，临床相关的ATX血浆浓度在传感器的工作范围内，突出了其在现场药物分析和治疗药物监测方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics for content determination of Ganoderma lucidum extract in chewable gels 近红外光谱联用化学计量学测定咀嚼凝胶中灵芝提取物的含量

IF 4.9 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchemical Journal

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117123

M. Bidegain , R. Pereyra , R. Romañach , N. González Vidal , M. Razuc

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, coupled with chemometric techniques, has seen increased use in complex formulations; however, its implementation in semi-solid dosage forms containing multicomponent natural extracts remains limited. Chewable gels represent a particularly challenging case, as their structural heterogeneity, high water content, and strong light-scattering effects render spectral responses highly sensitive to measurement conditions.

The feasibility of applying NIR spectroscopy for quantitative content determination in chewable gels was investigated, with emphasis on the systematic evaluation and control of sources of spectral variability. Gelatin-based chewable gels containing a multicomponent Ganoderma lucidum extract (250–750 mg per unit) were used as a model system. The effects of sample handling, applied pressure at the measurement interface, and the use of an opaque cover on NIR spectral profiles were assessed using Principal Component Analysis and PERMANOVA across different spectral regions and preprocessing strategies. Sample handling conditions introduced statistically significant spectral variability, mainly affecting the first-overtone CH stretching region (9000–7000 cm⁻¹). The combination of an opaque cover and slight pressure, together with Standard Normal Variate preprocessing, minimized non-chemical variability and improved dose discrimination.

Under optimized acquisition and preprocessing conditions, Partial Least Squares regression models demonstrated excellent predictive performance (R²val = 0.977, RPD = 6.9, RSEP = 4.1%) and high precision (RSD < 2.1%). Prediction accuracy improved with matrix stabilization and remained robust for samples analyzed between 11 and 58 days after preparation.

This study demonstrates that accurate quantitative analysis by NIR spectroscopy is achievable in chewable gels containing chemically heterogeneous analytes, provided that matrix-related sources of spectral variability are explicitly identified and controlled.

近红外（NIR）光谱学与化学计量学技术相结合，在复杂配方中的应用越来越多；然而，其在含有多组分天然提取物的半固体剂型中的实施仍然有限。咀嚼凝胶是一个特别具有挑战性的案例，因为它们的结构非均质性、高含水量和强光散射效应使得光谱响应对测量条件高度敏感。研究了应用近红外光谱法定量测定咀嚼凝胶中含量的可行性，重点研究了光谱变异性来源的系统评价和控制。以含有多组分灵芝提取物（250-750 mg /单位）的明胶为基础的咀嚼凝胶作为模型体系。在不同的光谱区域和预处理策略下，利用主成分分析和PERMANOVA评估了样品处理、测量界面施加压力和使用不透明覆盖物对近红外光谱剖面的影响。样品处理条件引入了统计上显著的光谱变化，主要影响第一泛音CH拉伸区域（9000-7000 cm−1）。不透明罩和轻微压力的结合，加上标准正态变量预处理，最大限度地减少了非化学变异性，改善了剂量辨别。在优化的采集和预处理条件下，偏最小二乘回归模型具有较好的预测性能（R2val = 0.977, RPD = 6.9, RSEP = 4.1%）和较高的预测精度（RSD < 2.1%）。随着基质的稳定，预测精度得到了提高，并且在制备后11至58天的样品分析中保持了稳健。本研究表明，如果明确识别和控制与基质相关的光谱变异源，则可以对含有化学非均相分析物的咀嚼凝胶进行精确的近红外光谱定量分析。

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引用次数: 0

Early detection of major depressive disorder: mechanistic and diagnostic advances of DNA aptamer biosensors 重度抑郁症的早期检测：DNA适体生物传感器的机制和诊断进展

IF 4.9 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchemical Journal

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117100

Aishwarya Arvind, Nikita Yadav, Amit Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Mahima Kaushik

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted psychiatric illness that remains difficult to diagnose early, due to its reliance on subjective clinical evaluations. Traditional diagnostic methods are largely based on symptoms reporting and interviews, which often overlook the underlying biological changes associated with the disorder. Increasing evidences suggest that molecular and biochemical biomarkers linked to MDD pathophysiology can enable more objective and quantitative diagnostic approaches. This review summarizes recent advances in conventional and emerging techniques for detecting MDD biomarkers, with a particular emphasis on aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors). The design and operational principles of aptasensors are discussed, focusing on key transduction strategies, such as optical and electrochemical methods that offer high sensitivity and selectivity. Major biological pathways associated with MDD, including neuroendocrine imbalance, inflammatory signaling, and neurotransmitter dysregulation are examined to highlight the clinical relevance of target biomarkers. In addition, the mechanistic basis of aptamer-biomarker interactions is explored to clarify how molecular recognition events are translated into detectable signals. A comparative evaluation of aptasensors with other biosensing platforms and emerging diagnostic technologies is also presented, highlighting their advantages in specificity, stability, and suitability for miniaturized and point-of-care applications. Various aptasensors reported for major MDD biomarkers are reviewed and systematically compared according to their analytical and operational parameters. Finally, current translational challenges and future prospects for clinical implementation are discussed, emphasizing the potential of aptasensors in advancing MDD diagnosis and personalized care.

重度抑郁障碍（MDD）是一种多方面的精神疾病，由于其依赖于主观的临床评估，仍然难以早期诊断。传统的诊断方法在很大程度上是基于症状报告和访谈，这往往忽视了与疾病相关的潜在生物学变化。越来越多的证据表明，与MDD病理生理相关的分子和生化生物标志物可以实现更客观和定量的诊断方法。本文综述了检测MDD生物标志物的传统技术和新兴技术的最新进展，特别强调了基于适配体的生物传感器（aptassensors）。讨论了适体传感器的设计和工作原理，重点讨论了关键的转导策略，如光学和电化学方法，提供高灵敏度和选择性。研究人员检查了与重度抑郁症相关的主要生物学途径，包括神经内分泌失衡、炎症信号和神经递质失调，以强调目标生物标志物的临床相关性。此外，该研究还探讨了适配体与生物标志物相互作用的机制基础，以阐明分子识别事件如何转化为可检测的信号。本文还介绍了适体传感器与其他生物传感平台和新兴诊断技术的比较评估，强调了它们在特异性、稳定性和小型化和护理点应用的适用性方面的优势。根据其分析和操作参数，对报告的主要MDD生物标志物的各种适体传感器进行了综述和系统比较。最后，讨论了目前的翻译挑战和临床应用的未来前景，强调了适配体传感器在推进重度抑郁症诊断和个性化护理方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Dual-mode colorimetric sensing detection of Cr(III) enabled by target-induced aggregation of α-Sulfophenylacetic acid-functionalized silver nanoparticles α-巯基乙酸功能化银纳米粒子靶诱导聚集实现Cr（III）的双模比色传感检测

IF 4.9 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchemical Journal

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117120

Jinxin Ma , Jieping Zheng , Jiangyao Chen

The rapid, on-site quantification of trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is crucial for environmental risk assessment, yet conventional analytical methods are severely hampered by their reliance on bulky instrumentation. To address this challenge, we report a portable, dual-mode colorimetric sensing platform centered on the specific interaction between Cr(III) and α-sulfophenylacetic acid-functionalized silver nanoparticles (D-SFA-AgNPs). This interaction triggers the controlled aggregation of nanoparticles, resulting in a distinct yellow-to-gray color change and a significant red-shift in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum. To fully leverage this optical response, a low-cost, Arduino-based smart analyzer was engineered, integrating a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) colorimetric mode for rapid screening and a multi-channel spectral mode for trace analysis. Under optimized conditions, the platform achieved a rapid response (< 1 min) with a linear dynamic range of 0.033–100 μg L⁻¹. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 4.60 μg L⁻¹, which is significantly lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for drinking water (50 μg L⁻¹). Furthermore, analytical validation in real water samples demonstrated excellent spike recoveries (97.6%–107.6%) and high precision (RSD < 5.9%), showing high consistency with the gold-standard inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Consequently, by synergizing the Arduino-based open-source hardware with dual-mode sensing, this work provides a cost-effective solution for the point-of-need monitoring of Cr(III), holding great potential for environmental surveillance even in resource-limited areas.

三价铬（Cr(III)）的快速、现场定量对环境风险评估至关重要，但传统的分析方法由于依赖笨重的仪器而受到严重阻碍。为了解决这一挑战，我们报道了一种便携式双模式比色传感平台，该平台以Cr（III）和α-巯基乙酸功能化银纳米粒子（D-SFA-AgNPs）之间的特定相互作用为中心。这种相互作用触发了纳米颗粒的可控聚集，导致明显的黄色到灰色的颜色变化和局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）光谱的显著红移。为了充分利用这种光学响应，设计了一种基于arduino的低成本智能分析仪，集成了用于快速筛选的红绿蓝（RGB）比色模式和用于痕量分析的多通道光谱模式。优化条件下，平台响应速度快（1 min），线性动态范围为0.033 ~ 100 μg L−1。检测限（LOD）为4.60 μg L−1，明显低于世界卫生组织（WHO）饮用水标准（50 μg L−1）。此外，在实际水样中的分析验证表明，该方法具有良好的峰回收率（97.6% ~ 107.6%）和较高的精密度（RSD < 5.9%），与金标准电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）方法具有较高的一致性。因此，通过将基于arduino的开源硬件与双模传感协同，本工作为Cr（III）的定点监测提供了一种具有成本效益的解决方案，即使在资源有限的地区也具有巨大的环境监测潜力。

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引用次数: 0