Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.2018.37-1ED
P. Hutchings, R. Carter
At the outset of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) period 68 countries are not on track to achieve universal basic water services and 89 countries will not achieve universal basic sanitation services by 2030 (WHO/UNICEF, 2017). Furthermore, the SDGs challenge us to go even further than basic service provision, through the introduction of new standards of ‘safely managed’ services. Based on simple extrapolations, even more countries will fail to achieve universal safely managed services by 2030 unless major changes take place in the next 13 years.
{"title":"Editorial: Setting SDG ambitions in a realistic time-scale","authors":"P. Hutchings, R. Carter","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.2018.37-1ED","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2018.37-1ED","url":null,"abstract":"At the outset of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) period 68 countries are not on track to achieve universal basic water services and 89 countries will not achieve universal basic sanitation services by 2030 (WHO/UNICEF, 2017). Furthermore, the SDGs challenge us to go even further than basic service provision, through the introduction of new standards of ‘safely managed’ services. Based on simple extrapolations, even more countries will fail to achieve universal safely managed services by 2030 unless major changes take place in the next 13 years.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3362/1756-3488.2018.37-1ED","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69471983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.17-00012
Poornima Thapa, M. Sivakami
Issues around reproductive health of intellectually disabled adolescents have received limited attention in India. This study aimed to bring to light these issues to inform policy and practice surrounding reproductive health among intellectually disabled adolescents. The objectives of this study were to understand the problems encountered by intellectually disabled adolescents and their primary caretakers during management of the adolescent’s menstrual cycle, and to explore the strategies adopted to overcome them. Using qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were carried out with 23 primary caretakers (all mothers) of adolescent girls in the age group of 11–19 years with IQ of 20–50 were interviewed using in-depth interviews. The mothers of adolescents were selected using purposive sampling and grounded theory methodology was followed for data analysis. The adolescents faced a whole range of issues; from not being able to change sanitary napkins due to physical constraints, to not being able to comm...
{"title":"Lost in transition: menstrual experiences of intellectually disabled school-going adolescents in Delhi, India","authors":"Poornima Thapa, M. Sivakami","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.17-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00012","url":null,"abstract":"Issues around reproductive health of intellectually disabled adolescents have received limited attention in India. This study aimed to bring to light these issues to inform policy and practice surrounding reproductive health among intellectually disabled adolescents. The objectives of this study were to understand the problems encountered by intellectually disabled adolescents and their primary caretakers during management of the adolescent’s menstrual cycle, and to explore the strategies adopted to overcome them. Using qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were carried out with 23 primary caretakers (all mothers) of adolescent girls in the age group of 11–19 years with IQ of 20–50 were interviewed using in-depth interviews. The mothers of adolescents were selected using purposive sampling and grounded theory methodology was followed for data analysis. The adolescents faced a whole range of issues; from not being able to change sanitary napkins due to physical constraints, to not being able to comm...","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"36 1","pages":"317-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47365253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.17-00004
Gauri A. Desai, J. Wilbur, Korydon H. Smith, J. N. Jensen, J. Lenker, P. Ram
With a motivation to make progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of sanitation for all by 2030, this paper proposes a framework to guide future research and evaluation of sanitation-for-all initiatives. The proposed framework builds upon the social model of disability, emphasizes a human rights perspective regarding sanitation access and use, leverages existing research and case examples, and is based on the need to extend the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) sanitation ladder to include ‘equitable sanitation’. The framework includes three mediating factors that influence sanitation access (personal/individual, social, and environmental factors) and one moderating factor (institutional structures), and provides a planning structure for achieving equitable sanitation. The sanitation-for-all framework contributes to previous efforts to broaden and deepen the impacts of the JMP, particularly from a human rights perspective, and holds potential regarding other marginalized population...
{"title":"Laddering up? A research framework in sanitation for people with disabilities in low-income settings","authors":"Gauri A. Desai, J. Wilbur, Korydon H. Smith, J. N. Jensen, J. Lenker, P. Ram","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.17-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00004","url":null,"abstract":"With a motivation to make progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of sanitation for all by 2030, this paper proposes a framework to guide future research and evaluation of sanitation-for-all initiatives. The proposed framework builds upon the social model of disability, emphasizes a human rights perspective regarding sanitation access and use, leverages existing research and case examples, and is based on the need to extend the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) sanitation ladder to include ‘equitable sanitation’. The framework includes three mediating factors that influence sanitation access (personal/individual, social, and environmental factors) and one moderating factor (institutional structures), and provides a planning structure for achieving equitable sanitation. The sanitation-for-all framework contributes to previous efforts to broaden and deepen the impacts of the JMP, particularly from a human rights perspective, and holds potential regarding other marginalized population...","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"36 1","pages":"305-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44950924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.17-00013
S. Sutton
The number of people in sub-Saharan Africa depending on unimproved water sources has not decreased over the past 25 years. Rates of progress in coverage over this period are far below those required to achieve universal access by 2030. Examination of some of the characteristics of the unserved population show major challenges to funding as well as to necessary rates of construction. Community water supply (CWS) as a sole solution is shown to be unable to solve the problem. The growth of self-financed water supplies (Self-supply) is, or could be, filling the gaps public supplies leave. Enhancing support services in the public and private sectors to improve the safety and performance of Self-supply is shown, with examples, to be a cost-effective additional strategy, which can largely, with government support, be integrated into existing services. Including Self-supply support into rural water strategies can very significantly reduce the cost of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 of basic service...
{"title":"Trends in sub-Saharan rural water supply and the essential inclusion of Self-supply to achieve 2030 SDG targets","authors":"S. Sutton","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.17-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00013","url":null,"abstract":"The number of people in sub-Saharan Africa depending on unimproved water sources has not decreased over the past 25 years. Rates of progress in coverage over this period are far below those required to achieve universal access by 2030. Examination of some of the characteristics of the unserved population show major challenges to funding as well as to necessary rates of construction. Community water supply (CWS) as a sole solution is shown to be unable to solve the problem. The growth of self-financed water supplies (Self-supply) is, or could be, filling the gaps public supplies leave. Enhancing support services in the public and private sectors to improve the safety and performance of Self-supply is shown, with examples, to be a cost-effective additional strategy, which can largely, with government support, be integrated into existing services. Including Self-supply support into rural water strategies can very significantly reduce the cost of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 of basic service...","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"36 1","pages":"339-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46824029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.17-00019
C. Edgar, M. Sohail, S. Cavill
This paper reports on a piece of research to investigate the effectiveness of defecation postures and anal cleansing method. The research compared how long each bowel movement took on a pedestal toilet with and without a footstool. Volunteers were asked to compare the two positions for speed as well as stress/strain on the body. The effectiveness of the method of anal cleansing was also rated by a subset of the volunteers. Although the study was conducted using volunteers in the UK, the findings have international relevance for sanitation marketing and hygiene promotion programmes.
{"title":"Rethinking the effectiveness of defecation postures and practices: it’s not what you do it’s the way that you do it!","authors":"C. Edgar, M. Sohail, S. Cavill","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.17-00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on a piece of research to investigate the effectiveness of defecation postures and anal cleansing method. The research compared how long each bowel movement took on a pedestal toilet with and without a footstool. Volunteers were asked to compare the two positions for speed as well as stress/strain on the body. The effectiveness of the method of anal cleansing was also rated by a subset of the volunteers. Although the study was conducted using volunteers in the UK, the findings have international relevance for sanitation marketing and hygiene promotion programmes.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"36 1","pages":"367-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47748865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.2017.36-4ED
R. Carter
The scale, scope and level of ambition embodied in the Sustainable Development Goals (the SDGs) is daunting. At the country level, the corresponding aspirations encapsulated in national development strategies and plans are equally formidable. Dwelling on the challenges would be understandable, but only useful up to a point. While it is essential to analyse the nature and magnitude of the problems which we are trying to address, it is even more critical that we are not overwhelmed by them. Analysis must lead to action, not paralysis. Action will lead to numerous failures along the way, but it is through failures and occasional successes that we learn how to do better. Failure – and success – must be embraced.
{"title":"Editorial: Feeling our way forward","authors":"R. Carter","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.2017.36-4ED","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2017.36-4ED","url":null,"abstract":"The scale, scope and level of ambition embodied in the Sustainable Development Goals (the SDGs) is daunting. At the country level, the corresponding aspirations encapsulated in national development strategies and plans are equally formidable. Dwelling on the challenges would be understandable, but only useful up to a point. While it is essential to analyse the nature and magnitude of the problems which we are trying to address, it is even more critical that we are not overwhelmed by them. Analysis must lead to action, not paralysis. Action will lead to numerous failures along the way, but it is through failures and occasional successes that we learn how to do better. Failure – and success – must be embraced.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"36 1","pages":"265-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3362/1756-3488.2017.36-4ED","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44585964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.17-00006
R. Holm, A. Kamangira, V. Kasulo, P. Kaponda, E. Hara, Channing Carney-Filmore, Muthi Nhlema
In sub-Saharan Africa, moving towards the Sustainable Development Goals will require an approach to water and sanitation service delivery for many rural communities where handpumps still dominate infrastructure. This paper reviews a case study of allowing users (local government and communities) in Rumphi District, Malawi, to choose a handpump model based on information about the life-cycle costs. The results indicate that there is some awareness within communities and within the local government of several handpump options for the rural water supply in the study area. Given a choice of different handpump models in the treatment communities, each community chose the rope pump. Allowing communities to choose the type of handpump model, with input from both local government and donors on low cost borehole drilling, should be considered as an innovative approach to rural water service delivery.
{"title":"The handpump choice is yours: a pilot study in Rumphi District, Malawi","authors":"R. Holm, A. Kamangira, V. Kasulo, P. Kaponda, E. Hara, Channing Carney-Filmore, Muthi Nhlema","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.17-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00006","url":null,"abstract":"In sub-Saharan Africa, moving towards the Sustainable Development Goals will require an approach to water and sanitation service delivery for many rural communities where handpumps still dominate infrastructure. This paper reviews a case study of allowing users (local government and communities) in Rumphi District, Malawi, to choose a handpump model based on information about the life-cycle costs. The results indicate that there is some awareness within communities and within the local government of several handpump options for the rural water supply in the study area. Given a choice of different handpump models in the treatment communities, each community chose the rope pump. Allowing communities to choose the type of handpump model, with input from both local government and donors on low cost borehole drilling, should be considered as an innovative approach to rural water service delivery.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"36 1","pages":"358-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43686294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.17-00005
J. Dodos, Blanche Mattern, J. Lapègue, Mathias Altmann, M. Aissa
Defined by UNICEF as ‘the outcome of insufficient food intake and repeated infectious diseases’, undernutrition is one of the world’s most serious problems, with long-lasting harmful impacts on health and devastating consequences for social and economic development. The three main underlying causes of undernutrition, namely unsuitable or insufficient food intake, poor care practices, and infectious diseases, are directly or indirectly related to inadequate access to water, sanitation facilities, and hygiene practices (WASH). There is a growing base of evidence showing the links between poor WASH conditions, especially exposure to poor sanitation, and stunting (low height for age ratio). However, the effects of WASH interventions on wasting (low weight for height ratio) and the impact of environmental enteric dysfunction (chronic infection of small intestine caused by extended exposure to faecal pathogens) on undernutrition should be explored further. Action Against Hunger (Action Contre la Faim) promotes ...
{"title":"Relationship between water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition: what do Link NCA nutrition causal analyses say?","authors":"J. Dodos, Blanche Mattern, J. Lapègue, Mathias Altmann, M. Aissa","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.17-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00005","url":null,"abstract":"Defined by UNICEF as ‘the outcome of insufficient food intake and repeated infectious diseases’, undernutrition is one of the world’s most serious problems, with long-lasting harmful impacts on health and devastating consequences for social and economic development. The three main underlying causes of undernutrition, namely unsuitable or insufficient food intake, poor care practices, and infectious diseases, are directly or indirectly related to inadequate access to water, sanitation facilities, and hygiene practices (WASH). There is a growing base of evidence showing the links between poor WASH conditions, especially exposure to poor sanitation, and stunting (low height for age ratio). However, the effects of WASH interventions on wasting (low weight for height ratio) and the impact of environmental enteric dysfunction (chronic infection of small intestine caused by extended exposure to faecal pathogens) on undernutrition should be explored further. Action Against Hunger (Action Contre la Faim) promotes ...","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"36 1","pages":"284-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42193421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.17-00011
J. Rosenboom, Radu Ban
A growing body of evidence shows that there is a strong causal link between exposure to poor sanitation and detrimental health, human capital, and economic outcomes. At the same time a number of recent impact evaluations of specific sanitation interventions show mixed results. This heterogeneity in findings raises the questions of whether and how the demonstrated benefits of improved sanitation can be consistently achieved through regular project implementation. This paper attempts to show that the benefits of improved sanitation can be consistently achieved through investing in interventions that address the drivers of latrine use and by divesting from interventions that do not address the drivers of latrine use.
{"title":"From new evidence to better practice: finding the sanitation sweet spot","authors":"J. Rosenboom, Radu Ban","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.17-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00011","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of evidence shows that there is a strong causal link between exposure to poor sanitation and detrimental health, human capital, and economic outcomes. At the same time a number of recent impact evaluations of specific sanitation interventions show mixed results. This heterogeneity in findings raises the questions of whether and how the demonstrated benefits of improved sanitation can be consistently achieved through regular project implementation. This paper attempts to show that the benefits of improved sanitation can be consistently achieved through investing in interventions that address the drivers of latrine use and by divesting from interventions that do not address the drivers of latrine use.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"36 1","pages":"267-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3362/1756-3488.17-00011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43858660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.3362/1756-3488.16-00026
Brecht A. Mommen, Karen Humphries-Waa, Stanley Gwavuya
Greater participation of women in water management and decision-making is expected to improve outcomes for both women and the wider community. Global evidence indicates that women’s participation in Water User Committees (WUCs) has been limited; yet their involvement in management has correlated with more effective water systems. This analysis of water inventory data from Vanuatu considers how women’s participation in WUCs affects water management and system functionality. Women represent only 16 per cent of committee membership; however, their involvement in key WUC roles was associated with more effective water management, including regular meetings and revenue collection, and improved functioning of water systems. This evidence of women’s involvement is proving useful in advocacy efforts to improve the gender balance in WUCs, and targets for female membership are being considered for inclusion in water supply legislation.
{"title":"Does women’s participation in water committees affect management and water system performance in rural Vanuatu?","authors":"Brecht A. Mommen, Karen Humphries-Waa, Stanley Gwavuya","doi":"10.3362/1756-3488.16-00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.16-00026","url":null,"abstract":"Greater participation of women in water management and decision-making is expected to improve outcomes for both women and the wider community. Global evidence indicates that women’s participation in Water User Committees (WUCs) has been limited; yet their involvement in management has correlated with more effective water systems. This analysis of water inventory data from Vanuatu considers how women’s participation in WUCs affects water management and system functionality. Women represent only 16 per cent of committee membership; however, their involvement in key WUC roles was associated with more effective water management, including regular meetings and revenue collection, and improved functioning of water systems. This evidence of women’s involvement is proving useful in advocacy efforts to improve the gender balance in WUCs, and targets for female membership are being considered for inclusion in water supply legislation.","PeriodicalId":39265,"journal":{"name":"Waterlines","volume":"36 1","pages":"216-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3362/1756-3488.16-00026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45232422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：