Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159042464707
R. Warrier, V. Sivakumar, R. Anandalakshmi, S. N. Vijayachandran, N. Mahadevan, B. G. Singh
The viability of Bambusa arundinacea seeds in relation to collection, drying methods and storage temperatures was studied. Bamboo seeds need to be collected immediately before rains set in as seeds lose viability rapidly on exposure to excess moisture. Storage of wet seeds also poses problems. Desiccator drying of seeds was found to retain viability while sun drying proved detrimental. Moisture content of seeds could be reduced to as low as 1.90% for effective storage. Seeds with initial moisture content of 9.6% were stored in plastic containers at five different temperatures: –15°C, –5°C, 5°C, 10°C and ambient (28–30°C). Rapid loss in viability of the seeds stored under ambient conditions occurred within 6 months, while in other storage conditions deterioration was gradual, reaching 6% germination after 18 months.
{"title":"Improving storability of Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. seeds","authors":"R. Warrier, V. Sivakumar, R. Anandalakshmi, S. N. Vijayachandran, N. Mahadevan, B. G. Singh","doi":"10.1163/1569159042464707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159042464707","url":null,"abstract":"The viability of Bambusa arundinacea seeds in relation to collection, drying methods and storage temperatures was studied. Bamboo seeds need to be collected immediately before rains set in as seeds lose viability rapidly on exposure to excess moisture. Storage of wet seeds also poses problems. Desiccator drying of seeds was found to retain viability while sun drying proved detrimental. Moisture content of seeds could be reduced to as low as 1.90% for effective storage. Seeds with initial moisture content of 9.6% were stored in plastic containers at five different temperatures: –15°C, –5°C, 5°C, 10°C and ambient (28–30°C). Rapid loss in viability of the seeds stored under ambient conditions occurred within 6 months, while in other storage conditions deterioration was gradual, reaching 6% germination after 18 months.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":"8 1","pages":"375-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81418774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159042464662
P. Shanmughavel
Decomposition and nutrient release patterns of bamboo litter were studied in a bamboo plantation. Litter decay rates were assessed using the litterbag technique. The monthly decomposition rate (K) ranged from 0.03 (June, September, October) to 0.08 (November) for leaves, 0.02 (June) to 0.09 (November) for branches and 0.01 (May, June) to 0.06 (November) for culms. Rainfall, temperature and soil moisture content were significantly correlated with the decomposition rates of litter components. Resident times (years) of litter components, calculated by dividing the litter standing crop by annual litter fall, were ranked as follows: culms (0.85) > leaves (0.48) > branches (0.24). The turnover coefficients (per year) were: branches (4.11) > leaves (2.07) > culms (1.17). Nutrient element residence times in the litter standing crops were ranked: Ca (1.0) > P (0.92) > Mg (0.64) > N (0.36) > K (0.31). The results from this study indicate that litter decomposition and nutrient element losses in bamboo plantations are slower than typical lowland rainforests and more similar to tropical semi-deciduous forests.
对某竹林凋落物的分解和养分释放规律进行了研究。利用垃圾袋技术评估凋落物腐烂率。月分解速率(K)为叶片0.03(6、9、10月)~ 0.08(11月)，枝0.02(6月)~ 0.09(11月)，秆0.01(5、6月)~ 0.06(11月)。降雨量、温度和土壤含水量与凋落物组分分解速率呈显著相关。凋落物成分的停留次数(年)排序为:茎(0.85)>叶(0.48)>枝(0.24)。年周转系数为:枝条(4.11)>叶片(2.07)>茎(1.17)。各养分元素在凋落物中的停留次数顺序为:Ca (1.0) > P (0.92) > Mg (0.64) > N (0.36) > K(0.31)。研究结果表明，竹林凋落物分解和营养元素流失速度比典型低地雨林慢，与热带半落叶林相似。
{"title":"Litter decomposition and nutrient release in a bamboo plantation","authors":"P. Shanmughavel","doi":"10.1163/1569159042464662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159042464662","url":null,"abstract":"Decomposition and nutrient release patterns of bamboo litter were studied in a bamboo plantation. Litter decay rates were assessed using the litterbag technique. The monthly decomposition rate (K) ranged from 0.03 (June, September, October) to 0.08 (November) for leaves, 0.02 (June) to 0.09 (November) for branches and 0.01 (May, June) to 0.06 (November) for culms. Rainfall, temperature and soil moisture content were significantly correlated with the decomposition rates of litter components. Resident times (years) of litter components, calculated by dividing the litter standing crop by annual litter fall, were ranked as follows: culms (0.85) > leaves (0.48) > branches (0.24). The turnover coefficients (per year) were: branches (4.11) > leaves (2.07) > culms (1.17). Nutrient element residence times in the litter standing crops were ranked: Ca (1.0) > P (0.92) > Mg (0.64) > N (0.36) > K (0.31). The results from this study indicate that litter decomposition and nutrient element losses in bamboo plantations are slower than typical lowland rainforests and more similar to tropical semi-deciduous forests.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":"46 1","pages":"319-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90488833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159042464716
S. Pattanaik, P. Das, E. Borah, H. Kaur, K. Borah
Two noded branch cuttings of Bambusa balcooa Roxb., with rhizomatous swelling, treated with 200 ppm indole-3-butyric acid, gave 66.7% success in rooting and rhizome formation. 100% field survivals were noticed 2 years after field planting. However, the culms produced were small. Intensive management practices like fertilization, irrigation and regular soil working shortened the establishment period. The possibility of combining macroproliferation with branch cutting technique needs to be explored for fast multiplication of the species.
{"title":"Vegetative multiplication of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. using branch cuttings","authors":"S. Pattanaik, P. Das, E. Borah, H. Kaur, K. Borah","doi":"10.1163/1569159042464716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159042464716","url":null,"abstract":"Two noded branch cuttings of Bambusa balcooa Roxb., with rhizomatous swelling, treated with 200 ppm indole-3-butyric acid, gave 66.7% success in rooting and rhizome formation. 100% field survivals were noticed 2 years after field planting. However, the culms produced were small. Intensive management practices like fertilization, irrigation and regular soil working shortened the establishment period. The possibility of combining macroproliferation with branch cutting technique needs to be explored for fast multiplication of the species.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":"41 1","pages":"365-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85858474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-07-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159041765290
P. K. Talla, Tekougnening, J. Tangka, Ebale, A. Foudjet
This paper investigates a statistical model of the resistance of Raphia vinifera L. (Arecacea) under compression parallel to the grain. The probability expression governing the failure of the material is established. The parameters entering the statistical law are determined experimentally. Finally, the quality of the adjustment is tested by a goodness-of-fit test.
{"title":"Statistical model of strength in compression of Raphia vinifera L. (Arecacea)","authors":"P. K. Talla, Tekougnening, J. Tangka, Ebale, A. Foudjet","doi":"10.1163/1569159041765290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159041765290","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a statistical model of the resistance of Raphia vinifera L. (Arecacea) under compression parallel to the grain. The probability expression governing the failure of the material is established. The parameters entering the statistical law are determined experimentally. Finally, the quality of the adjustment is tested by a goodness-of-fit test.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":"17 1","pages":"229-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89524305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-07-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159041765335
R. Laha
This paper compares the culms of Melocanna baccifera in forest and plantation sites, and reports about the effects on the number of culms, their health, the girth, the height, the internode length and the production of new culms.
{"title":"Observations on the culms of Melocanna baccifera in Kolasib Division, Mizoram, India","authors":"R. Laha","doi":"10.1163/1569159041765335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159041765335","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the culms of Melocanna baccifera in forest and plantation sites, and reports about the effects on the number of culms, their health, the girth, the height, the internode length and the production of new culms.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":"23 1","pages":"245-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81189630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-07-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159041765245
H. Kumar, Siddaramaiah
The poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based polyurethane (PU) and its semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been coated on the surface of alkali-treated and untreated bamboo fibres (Bambusa balcooa). The mechanical properties, like tensile strength and tensile modulus, and the chemical resistance of bamboo fibres before and after coating with PU and PU/PMMA SIPN have been studied. Improvement in tensile strength, tensile modulus and chemical resistance of bamboo fibres were observed after coating with polymers. The PU/PMMAcoated system showed better performance as compared to PU-coated bamboo fibre composite.
{"title":"Studies on Bamboosa Balcooa bamboo fibre for green composites with polyurethane and polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) semi-interpenetrating polymer network","authors":"H. Kumar, Siddaramaiah","doi":"10.1163/1569159041765245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159041765245","url":null,"abstract":"The poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based polyurethane (PU) and its semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been coated on the surface of alkali-treated and untreated bamboo fibres (Bambusa balcooa). The mechanical properties, like tensile strength and tensile modulus, and the chemical resistance of bamboo fibres before and after coating with PU and PU/PMMA SIPN have been studied. Improvement in tensile strength, tensile modulus and chemical resistance of bamboo fibres were observed after coating with polymers. The PU/PMMAcoated system showed better performance as compared to PU-coated bamboo fibre composite.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":"8 1","pages":"237-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74304224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-07-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159041765317
I. Pabuayon
This paper provides an analysis of the value of bamboo used by households in selected areas in northern Philippines, as well as benefits from bamboo farms based on case studies. Household use of bamboo is for building rural houses and making farm implements while commercial use includes manufacture of furniture and handicraft, trading of bamboo products, and construction and repair of fish pens and cages. Results show higher utilization rates in areas where bamboo craft and markets are well developed. The use value of bamboo parks based on estimated travel cost of visitors is much higher than reported revenues generated from entrance fees. The case farms have very limited income potential due to poor marketing management.
{"title":"Consumption value and income potential of bamboo in the Philippines: evidence from selected areas and case studies","authors":"I. Pabuayon","doi":"10.1163/1569159041765317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159041765317","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an analysis of the value of bamboo used by households in selected areas in northern Philippines, as well as benefits from bamboo farms based on case studies. Household use of bamboo is for building rural houses and making farm implements while commercial use includes manufacture of furniture and handicraft, trading of bamboo products, and construction and repair of fish pens and cages. Results show higher utilization rates in areas where bamboo craft and markets are well developed. The use value of bamboo parks based on estimated travel cost of visitors is much higher than reported revenues generated from entrance fees. The case farms have very limited income potential due to poor marketing management.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":"173 1","pages":"249-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89336834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-07-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159041765272
S. Kalia, R. Kalia, S. Sharma
Organogenic callus was successfully induced from pre-injured single shoots derived from in vitro multiplying cultures of Bambusa nutans. Plant growth regulator combinations of 2,4D (5 μ M), BAP (2.5 μ M) and ABA (1 μ M) proved to be more efficient in inducing callus, in 79.93% of cultures with an average of 346.13 mg of fresh weight callus, than auxins used alone or in combination with cytokinins. Induced callus was subsequently proliferated at a faster rate on multiplication medium (MS) supplemented with 2,4-D (5 μ M) and BAP (2.5 μ M). Organogenic callus was subsequently transferred to shoot regeneration medium. Efficient regeneration of shoot buds and their conversion into shoots was recorded on MS medium supplemented with BAP (5 μ M) and NAA (1.25 μ M) on which 18.11 buds were induced which proliferated into 10.31 shoots. Spontaneous regeneration of roots on shoots was evidenced on regeneration medium itself.
{"title":"In vitro regeneration of an indigenous bamboo (Bambusa nutans) from internode and leaf explant","authors":"S. Kalia, R. Kalia, S. Sharma","doi":"10.1163/1569159041765272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159041765272","url":null,"abstract":"Organogenic callus was successfully induced from pre-injured single shoots derived from in vitro multiplying cultures of Bambusa nutans. Plant growth regulator combinations of 2,4D (5 μ M), BAP (2.5 μ M) and ABA (1 μ M) proved to be more efficient in inducing callus, in 79.93% of cultures with an average of 346.13 mg of fresh weight callus, than auxins used alone or in combination with cytokinins. Induced callus was subsequently proliferated at a faster rate on multiplication medium (MS) supplemented with 2,4-D (5 μ M) and BAP (2.5 μ M). Organogenic callus was subsequently transferred to shoot regeneration medium. Efficient regeneration of shoot buds and their conversion into shoots was recorded on MS medium supplemented with BAP (5 μ M) and NAA (1.25 μ M) on which 18.11 buds were induced which proliferated into 10.31 shoots. Spontaneous regeneration of roots on shoots was evidenced on regeneration medium itself.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":"78 1","pages":"217-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76684700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-07-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159041765326
C. Krishnankutty
Bamboo production in home gardens far exceeds the production from forests in Kerala State, India. Forest bamboo is exclusively being consumed by the paper mill in the State. Although bamboo from home gardens is being utilised by growers themselves or purchased directly by users, most of the bamboo (Bambusa bambos) is being marketed through a few private depots based in Palakkad District in the State. The market study reveals that those bamboo depots are well established and have been operating as a unique wholesale market in South India since 1960. Over the years, about 85% of the annual quantity traded through the depots has been moving out of the State. The steady retail markets are in different places in Tamil Nadu and other States in South India. Market analysis shows that the wholesale price of bamboo during 2002 was US$ 73 per tonne green weight. Of the wholesale price, farm price accounted for 40%, harvesting and other marketing costs 46%, and net margins of the intermediary and wholesaler 14%. The farm price of US$ 29 per tonne, the net income received by an average bamboo grower, indicates relatively fair returns even from poorly managed clumps. The net annual profit of an average wholesaler of US$ 7600 during 2002 is also modest, considering the goodwill created and markets served. Retailers are being attracted to Palakkad for bulk purchase of bamboo mainly due to the existence of the wholesale market. Such marketing advantage needs to be exploited by bamboo growers for enhancing their farm income through resource development in home gardens and thereby sustainable availability of bamboo to the depots. Therefore, there is an urgent need to popularise among growers a package of practices for improved management of bamboo clumps in home gardens and disseminate marketing information. This package will improve resource, ensure sustainable availability and enhance farm income as well as rural employment.
{"title":"Marketing of bamboo (Bambusa bambos) in South India","authors":"C. Krishnankutty","doi":"10.1163/1569159041765326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159041765326","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo production in home gardens far exceeds the production from forests in Kerala State, India. Forest bamboo is exclusively being consumed by the paper mill in the State. Although bamboo from home gardens is being utilised by growers themselves or purchased directly by users, most of the bamboo (Bambusa bambos) is being marketed through a few private depots based in Palakkad District in the State. The market study reveals that those bamboo depots are well established and have been operating as a unique wholesale market in South India since 1960. Over the years, about 85% of the annual quantity traded through the depots has been moving out of the State. The steady retail markets are in different places in Tamil Nadu and other States in South India. Market analysis shows that the wholesale price of bamboo during 2002 was US$ 73 per tonne green weight. Of the wholesale price, farm price accounted for 40%, harvesting and other marketing costs 46%, and net margins of the intermediary and wholesaler 14%. The farm price of US$ 29 per tonne, the net income received by an average bamboo grower, indicates relatively fair returns even from poorly managed clumps. The net annual profit of an average wholesaler of US$ 7600 during 2002 is also modest, considering the goodwill created and markets served. Retailers are being attracted to Palakkad for bulk purchase of bamboo mainly due to the existence of the wholesale market. Such marketing advantage needs to be exploited by bamboo growers for enhancing their farm income through resource development in home gardens and thereby sustainable availability of bamboo to the depots. Therefore, there is an urgent need to popularise among growers a package of practices for improved management of bamboo clumps in home gardens and disseminate marketing information. This package will improve resource, ensure sustainable availability and enhance farm income as well as rural employment.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":"7 1","pages":"203-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83437540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-07-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159041765263
C. Renuka, P. Rugmini, J. Thomas, V. Rangan
A species trial with eight commercially important rattan species was conducted at two different elevations in the natural forests in Kerala. When both survival and total height are considered, Calamus baratangensis is the best species suited for areas around 1000 m elevation and Daemonorops kurzianus for 300 m. In the 6th year C. baratangensis produced 18 m of commercially utilizable cane at 1000 m and 45 m at 300 m. But during the 8th year the survival percentage of this species was reduced to 10% at 300 m. At the end of 6th year four species reached a harvestable length at 1000 m and five species reached a harvestable length at 300 m.
在喀拉拉邦两个不同海拔的天然林中对8种具有重要商业价值的藤本植物进行了物种试验。当考虑到存活率和总高度时，菖蒲是最适合海拔1000米左右地区的物种，而Daemonorops kurzianus则适合海拔300米左右的地区。第6年，C. baratangensis在海拔1000米的地方生产了18米可用于商业用途的甘蔗，在海拔300米的地方生产了45米。但在第8年，该物种在300米的存活率下降到10%。第6年末，4个品种可收获长度达到1000 m, 5个品种可收获长度达到300 m。
{"title":"The growth performance of different commercially important rattans at eight years after planting","authors":"C. Renuka, P. Rugmini, J. Thomas, V. Rangan","doi":"10.1163/1569159041765263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159041765263","url":null,"abstract":"A species trial with eight commercially important rattan species was conducted at two different elevations in the natural forests in Kerala. When both survival and total height are considered, Calamus baratangensis is the best species suited for areas around 1000 m elevation and Daemonorops kurzianus for 300 m. In the 6th year C. baratangensis produced 18 m of commercially utilizable cane at 1000 m and 45 m at 300 m. But during the 8th year the survival percentage of this species was reduced to 10% at 300 m. At the end of 6th year four species reached a harvestable length at 1000 m and five species reached a harvestable length at 300 m.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":"105 1","pages":"187-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85380264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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