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Efficiency of Semiconductor Power Regulators in Discrete Control 离散控制中半导体功率调节器的效率
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700482
M. G. Astashev, D. I. Panfilov, P. A. Rashitov, D. V. Mostovoy, A. V. Chasov

Abstract

The influence of control discretization on the operation of semiconductor power regulators used in distribution networks for balancing operation mode and compensating reactive power is considered. Analytical expressions are presented for calculating the parameters of the power section of power regulators in two topologies. An analysis of the range of required parameters of the power section under continuous control is performed, highlighting the necessity of constraints considering practical implementation and control discretization. A method for assessing the efficiency of power regulators under discrete parameter control is proposed. An analysis of the impact of parameter setting discretization on the efficiency of operation of two power-regulator schemes is conducted. Various methods for calculating discrete values of the parameters of the power section of power regulators are discussed. The influence of calculation methods for power circuit parameters on the efficiency of power-regulator operation and the number of iterations required to calculate their discrete values is demonstrated.

摘要 考虑了控制离散化对配电网中用于平衡运行模式和补偿无功功率的半导体功率调节器运行的影响。文中给出了计算两种拓扑结构中功率调节器功率部分参数的分析表达式。对连续控制下功率部分所需参数的范围进行了分析,强调了考虑实际实施和控制离散化的约束条件的必要性。提出了一种评估离散参数控制下功率调节器效率的方法。分析了参数设置离散化对两种功率调节器方案运行效率的影响。讨论了计算功率调节器功率部分参数离散值的各种方法。演示了功率电路参数计算方法对功率调节器运行效率的影响以及计算其离散值所需的迭代次数。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Nonsinusoidal Voltage and Overvoltage Waves on the Development of Partial Discharges 非正弦电压和过电压波对局部放电发展的影响
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700561
A. V. Korzhov, M. A. Dziuba, V. I. Safonov, R. M. o. Babayev, I. E. Korostelev

Abstract

The results of experiments on the study of partial discharges in the insulation of cable lines at nonsinusoidal voltage are presented. With a nonsinusoidality of approximately 10%, the operation of the electrical network in normal mode was simulated, and overvoltage waves were simulated with a nonsinusoidality of about 80% and harmonics in the frequency range of 2–4 kHz. In the case of nonsinusoidality, it is statistically shown that the main factor in the development of partial discharges is the difference between the amplitude of the applied voltage and the threshold voltage of the occurrence of partial discharges, and the partial discharges’ power weakly depends on the harmonic composition of the voltage. It is shown that the greatest deviation from the linear law with an increase in the applied voltage is observed for the power of the partial discharges; therefore it is most advisable to use this dependence when analyzing the state of cable lines by the level of partial discharges. It has been shown experimentally and by simulation that with a nonsinusoidality of 80% and harmonics in the frequency range of 2–4 kHz, the number and power of partial discharges during the period of the main harmonic increase significantly. In this case, the amplitude of the harmonic is already sufficient to recharge the defect and it is the harmonic that becomes decisive in the formation of partial discharges.

摘要 介绍了非正弦电压下电缆线路绝缘层局部放电的实验研究结果。在非正弦电压约为 10%的情况下,模拟了电网在正常模式下的运行;在非正弦电压约为 80%的情况下,模拟了过电压波和频率范围为 2-4 kHz 的谐波。在无正弦波的情况下,统计结果表明,局部放电发生的主要因素是外加电压的幅值与发生局部放电的阈值电压之间的差值,而局部放电的功率微弱地取决于电压的谐波成分。实验表明,随着外加电压的增加,局部放电功率与线性规律的偏差最大;因此,在根据局部放电水平分析电缆线路状态时,最好使用这种依赖关系。实验和模拟结果表明,在非正弦率为 80% 和谐波频率范围为 2-4 kHz 的情况下,主谐波期间的局部放电次数和功率都会显著增加。在这种情况下,谐波的振幅已经足以为缺陷充电,而谐波才是形成局部放电的决定性因素。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on the Efficiency of a Variable Speed Slotless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor 变速无槽轴向磁通永磁电机效率研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700597
Reza Mirzahosseini

Abstract

A permanent magnet motor is commonly derived by its variable frequency inverter-based supply. Therefore, it is a big issue for the designers to specify a suitable value for the frequency to run their designed PM motors with high efficiency. It is of greater importance when the machine operates at variable speeds. In this regard, the present paper tries to study the influence of frequency, pole pair numbers, and output power on the efficiency of a variable speed slotless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) motor. This investigation is performed by applying the electromagnetic and thermal models of the machine. The results are concluded as a formula defining the efficiency of the motor versus the supply frequency, the pole pair numbers, and the machine output power. The proposed formula is evaluated by determining efficiencies for many small power rating machines with various speeds using FE analysis and measurements of a few fabricated. Hence, the obtained formula can be included in any design algorithm of a small slotless AFPM machine.

摘要 永磁电机通常由变频器供电。因此,如何指定一个合适的频率值,使设计的永磁电机高效运行,是设计人员面临的一个大问题。当机器以变速运行时,这一点显得更为重要。为此,本文试图研究频率、磁极对数和输出功率对变速无槽轴向磁通永磁(AFPM)电机效率的影响。研究采用了机器的电磁和热模型。研究结果总结为一个公式,定义了电机效率与电源频率、磁极对数和机器输出功率的关系。通过使用有限元分析和对一些制造的机器进行测量,确定了许多不同速度的小功率额定功率机器的效率,从而对所提出的公式进行了评估。因此,所获得的公式可用于小型无槽 AFPM 机器的任何设计算法中。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation Modeling of Subsynchronous Resonance of an Autonomous Power District with a Gas Turbine Unit 带燃气轮机组的自主发电区次同步谐振仿真建模
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/s106837122470038x
D. N. Belkova, V. N. Anosov

Abstract

One of the sticking points of distributed generation facilities operation is considered—increased shaft vibration activity of the autonomous electric generator unit (AEU), which leads to the shutdown of the gas turbine unit (GTU) by antivibration protection. The main reasons for subsynchronous resonance in the AEU are analyzed. The AEU model based on a GTU, power transformer, and linear and nonlinear loads is presented. The results of simulation modeling of an AEU with a thyristor rectifier as a nonlinear load are obtained, and the influence of rigidity and response time of the power system mechanical component is studied.

摘要 分布式发电设施运行中的一个症结--自主发电机组(AEU)轴振动加剧,导致燃气轮机组(GTU)防振保护停机。本文分析了 AEU 亚同步共振的主要原因。介绍了基于 GTU、电力变压器以及线性和非线性负载的 AEU 模型。获得了以晶闸管整流器作为非线性负载的 AEU 的仿真建模结果,并研究了电力系统机械部件的刚度和响应时间的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of the Parameters of the Buffer Storage of an Electric Bus Taking into Account the Degradation of the Lithium Battery 在考虑锂电池退化的情况下确定电动公交车缓冲存储器的参数
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700433
S. I. Dedov, N. I. Shchurov, A. A. Shtang, S. A. Vnukov, I. I. Singizin

Abstract

The energy efficiency was determined of the energy storage buffer of the traction power unit of an electric bus taking into account the degradation of the lithium battery. A simulation model of the energy system of an electric bus was synthesized in MATLAB/Simulink, and the results of simulation of the energy system without a buffer storage and with a buffer of various capacities based on a lithium titanate battery were compared. The implementation of an energy storage buffer with 14.47% of the total capacity of the storage will increase the battery lifetime by 32.7%.

摘要 考虑到锂电池的衰减,确定了电动公交车牵引动力装置储能缓冲器的能效。在 MATLAB/Simulink 中合成了电动公交车能源系统的仿真模型,并比较了不带缓冲储能装置和带基于钛酸锂电池的不同容量缓冲储能装置的能源系统仿真结果。使用占总容量 14.47% 的储能缓冲器将使电池寿命延长 32.7%。
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引用次数: 0
A Simulation Model and Control System of a Charging Station with Energy Storage 带储能装置充电站的仿真模型和控制系统
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700457
A. A. Shtang, D. P. Kravchenko, S. N. Andriyashin, N. D. Ereshchenko, E. Yu. Abramov

Abstract

The increasing use of electric vehicles is leading to a need to expand charging infrastructure. With no allowance for the state of the power system, this can lead to a shortage of power supply systems and local overloads in the network. In this paper, we propose a way to reduce the local impact of electric charging stations on the network by integrating a battery into the power supply scheme as a buffer storage device to reduce peaks in electricity consumption. We develop a simulation model of an electric charging station, which includes two main elements: a dc–dc converter and a rechargeable battery. An automatic control system of an electric charging station for charging modes with constant voltage and constant current is synthesized using the method of subordinate control systems. The synthesized control system meets the required quality indicators.

摘要 电动汽车的使用日益增多,导致需要扩大充电基础设施。在不考虑电力系统状态的情况下,这会导致供电系统短缺和网络局部过载。在本文中,我们提出了一种减少电动充电站对网络局部影响的方法,即在供电方案中集成电池作为缓冲存储设备,以减少用电高峰。我们开发了一个电动充电站仿真模型,其中包括两个主要元素:直流-直流转换器和可充电电池。利用从属控制系统的方法,我们合成了一个适用于恒压和恒流充电模式的充电站自动控制系统。合成的控制系统达到了要求的质量指标。
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引用次数: 0
Application of a Magnetically Conductive Wedge in the Stator Design of Synchronous Salient-Pole Machines with Fractional-Slot Tooth Winding 导磁楔块在带分数槽齿绕组同步盐极机定子设计中的应用
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/s106837122470041x
I. L. Popov, D. M. Toporkov, D. Yu. Babitsky

Abstract

Often, one of the requirements put forward when designing synchronous machines with electromagnetic excitation is a low shaft speed, but it is not always possible to design a machine with a large number of poles and the required dimensions. The use of fractional-slot tooth winding makes it possible to reduce the number of teeth on the stator, which, in turn, makes it possible to reduce the diameter of the stator bore and design the machine with the required dimensions. In fractional-slot tooth windings, the coil covers one tooth, which makes the process of removing it much easier than in stators with traditional distributed windings, which increases the maintainability of machines with such windings. It is possible to simplify the removal of the coil even more by making the slots completely open, but in this case the influence of stator serration on the distribution of magnetic induction will be stronger than with semiclosed slots, which can lead to a number of negative consequences from increased losses to EMF distortion. In this case, it is possible to reduce the distortion of the magnetic induction curve in the air gap by using a wedge made of magnetically conductive material in the stator design. The article discusses the design of the rotor pole of a salient pole machine with a fractional-slot tooth winding and an open stator slot. In particular, various rotor pole configurations are considered in combination with an open slot stator, a magnetically conductive wedge and without it.

摘要 在设计电磁励磁同步电机时,通常提出的要求之一是低轴转速,但并不总是能够设计出具有大量磁极和所需尺寸的电机。使用分数槽齿绕组可以减少定子上的齿数,从而可以减小定子内孔的直径,设计出所需尺寸的机器。在分数槽齿绕组中,线圈只覆盖一个齿,这使得拆卸过程比传统分布式绕组的定子容易得多,从而提高了采用这种绕组的机器的可维护性。将槽完全打开可以进一步简化线圈的拆卸过程,但在这种情况下,定子锯齿对磁感应强度分布的影响会比半闭合槽更大,从而导致从损耗增加到电磁场畸变等一系列负面影响。在这种情况下,可以通过在定子设计中使用导磁材料制成的楔块来减少气隙中磁感应强度曲线的畸变。文章讨论了带有分数槽齿绕组和开放式定子槽的磁极机转子磁极的设计。特别是考虑了与开槽定子、导磁楔和无导磁楔相结合的各种转子磁极配置。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Phase Voltage of an Induction Motor of an Adjustable Electromechanical System 可调机电系统感应电机相电压分析
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700408
V. V. Grechkin, A. A. Temlyakov, V. M. Kaveshnikov, I. L. Popov, Z. S. Temlyakova

Abstract

In electric motor control systems, higher harmonics are often present in the voltage generated by frequency converters, which can cause losses in an electric machine and, ultimately, lead to its overheating. The voltage generated by the frequency converter may not meet standards, which requires special attention when developing motors designed for use with such converters. The article analyzes the voltage at the output of the frequency converter in accordance with the requirements of the state standard, presents the electrical circuit according to which data was collected, and gives recommendations for the design of motors designed to work with frequency converters.

摘要 在电机控制系统中,变频器产生的电压中经常会出现较高的谐波,这会造成电机损耗,并最终导致电机过热。变频器产生的电压可能不符合标准,因此在开发与变频器配合使用的电机时需要特别注意。文章根据国家标准的要求分析了变频器输出端的电压,介绍了收集数据所依据的电路,并给出了设计与变频器配合使用的电机的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Special Aspects of Power Transfer between Electric Arc Furnace Phases 电弧炉各阶段之间功率传输的特殊方面
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700354
R. A. Bikeev

Abstract

The simulation results of the electrical operating modes of the DSP-100I7 electric arc furnace with different designs of the secondary current lead—triangulated and coplanar versions with a conductive conduit—are presented. The dependences of the skewness of arc discharge power in these furnaces under symmetrical and asymmetrical current modes are obtained. The significant influence of the asymmetrical mode on the arc power skewness in these furnaces is shown.

摘要 介绍了 DSP-100I7 型电弧炉的电气运行模式的模拟结果,该电弧炉的二次电流引线采用了不同的设计--三角式和共面式,并带有导电导管。得出了这些电弧炉在对称和不对称电流模式下放电功率偏斜度的相关性。非对称模式对这些炉子中电弧功率偏斜度的影响很大。
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引用次数: 0
The Efficiency of Design Solutions of the Current Supply during Modernization of an Ore-Thermal Furnace 矿热炉现代化过程中电流供应设计方案的效率
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700342
A. I. Aliferov, L. P. Goreva

Abstract

The experience of designing a secondary current supply for an ore recovery furnace with a round tub designed to replace a furnace with a rectangular tub is considered. At the same time, the power supply has far from exhausted its working life, and its replacement was not expected. Traditional design solutions for a short network of a round ore recovery furnace, providing a satisfactory level of its electrical parameters, involve the use of a secondary current supply circuit “triangle on electrodes.” The dismantled furnace had a “star on transformer” secondary current supply circuit. New design solutions have been developed based on the general physical laws of the formation of the electromagnetic field of a system of conductors with currents. Their use provided a sufficiently high level of input active power, which also made it possible to reduce the asymmetry of the inductive resistance of the secondary current supply from 58 to 10% compared with the old furnace. The study used the method of numerical modeling in specialized ANSYS software with the integration of a geometric model from a computer-aided design system.

Abstract The experience of designing a secondary current supply for a ore recovery furnace with a round tub designed to replace a furnace with a rectangular tub is considered.与此同时,该电源的工作寿命还远远没有结束,而且预计不会更换。传统的圆形矿石回收炉短路网络设计方案是使用 "三角形电极 "二次电流供应电路,从而使其电气参数达到令人满意的水平。拆除的熔炉采用了 "变压器星形 "二次电流供电电路。新的设计方案是根据电流导体系统电磁场形成的一般物理规律制定的。使用这些方案可以提供足够高的输入有功功率,还可以将二次电流供应的感应电阻不对称程度从旧炉的 58% 降低到 10%。该研究采用了 ANSYS 专业软件中的数值建模方法,并结合了计算机辅助设计系统中的几何模型。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Russian Electrical Engineering
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