Russian Electrical Engineering最新文献

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A 3D Analytical Model of a Magnetoelectric Brushless DC Electric Motor 磁电式无刷直流电机的 3D 分析模型

Q3 Engineering

Russian Electrical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700159

A. A. Afanasyev

Abstract

A mathematical model of a magnetoelectric brushless dc electric motor is considered, based on solving the 3D Laplace equation in partial derivatives using the method of separation of variables for nested hollow cylinders of finite length, the boundary conditions for which coincide with the boundary conditions of the magnetic field caused by constant magnets in closed rotor channels, stator winding currents, and induced magnetizations in both cores. The constants of the method of separation of variables are found from solving a system of linear algebraic equations, the matrix of which has a size of 24 × 18 in the example under consideration. The elements of the matrix are the Bessel, Infeld, and MacDonald functions with the corresponding eigenvalues. The distribution of magnetic induction in the air gap of the motor is analyzed. It is shown that the radial component of induction in a limited area near the edge of the cores experiences a surge. With equal shortening of the length of the stator and rotor cores, an increase in the radial magnetic induction in the air gap is observed due to an increase in the magnetic flux density in it, caused by the constancy of the magnetomotive force of the rotor and stator magnets in this procedure.

摘要本文考虑了磁电式无刷直流电机的数学模型，其基础是利用有限长度嵌套空心圆柱体的变量分离法求解偏导数三维拉普拉斯方程，其边界条件与封闭转子通道中的恒定磁铁、定子绕组电流和两个铁芯中的感应磁化所引起的磁场的边界条件相吻合。变量分离法的常数是通过求解线性代数方程组得出的，在本例中，该方程组的矩阵大小为 24 × 18。矩阵的元素是贝塞尔函数、英费尔德函数和麦克唐纳函数以及相应的特征值。分析了电机气隙中的磁感应强度分布。结果表明，在靠近铁芯边缘的有限区域内，磁感应强度的径向分量会发生激增。在定子和转子铁芯长度等长缩短的情况下，气隙中的径向磁感应强度会增加，这是因为在此过程中转子和定子磁体的磁动力保持不变，导致气隙中的磁通密度增加。

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引用次数: 0

Control of VAr Compensator in the Quarry Electric Network 控制采石场电网中的 VAr 补偿器

Q3 Engineering

Russian Electrical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700184

S. I. Malafeev, A. A. Malafeeva

Abstract

In the electrical networks of mining enterprises, power supply to powerful loads, e.g., mining excavators, is carried out using cantilever lines. During operation of a cyclic, powerful, sharply variable load and energy recovery, deviations and voltage fluctuations are observed. A method to reduce voltage fluctuations in this network is considered using a static VAr compensators, the operating algorithm of which involves control over the capacitive/inductive current in the supply line in proportion to the active component of the load current. The proportionality coefficient between the reactive current of a line and the active load current is taken to be equal to the ratio of active and inductive resistance of the supply line. The complex resistance of the supply electrical network is assumed to be known or identified during operation. The equations are given to calculate currents in the power supply system for different modes. The electrical power processes during operation of a thyristor–reactor VAr compensator with a special controller have been carried simulated.

摘要在矿业企业的电网中，使用悬臂线为矿用挖掘机等大功率负载供电。在周期性、大功率、急剧变化的负载和能量回收运行期间，会出现偏差和电压波动。考虑采用静态 VAr 补偿器来减少该网络中的电压波动，其运行算法包括控制供电线路中的电容/电感电流与负载电流的有功分量成比例。线路的无功电流与有功负载电流之间的比例系数等于供电线路的有功电阻和无功电阻之比。假定供电电网的复合电阻是已知的，或在运行过程中已确定。给出了不同模式下供电系统电流的计算公式。对带有特殊控制器的晶闸管-反应器 VAr 补偿器运行期间的电力过程进行了模拟。

引用次数: 0

A Synchronous Multiphase Electric Drive with Multichannel Control 带多通道控制的同步多相电动驱动器

Q3 Engineering

Russian Electrical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700214

A. N. Golubev

Abstract

A promising way to optimize the technical and economic characteristics of an ac electric drive is to have it designed based on an executive synchronous motor with an increased number of stator winding phases. However, due to the specific nature of the m-phase (m > 3) synchronous motor determined by the energy transfer by a whole spectrum of spatial field harmonics, electromechanical systems should be developed that take this feature into account. A method to study the adjustment characteristics of an m-phase synchronous motor is used, which is based on spectral vectors of electromagnetic parameters reduced to spatial field harmonics. A multichannel concept of realization of an m-phase synchronous electric drive is proposed, which enables targeted formation of the electromagnetic state of a synchronous motor through all its energy channels as a control object. Various ways of its implementation are considered. The advantages of the multiphase synchronous motor can be realized based on of the forced mutual orientation of the flux linkage vectors and the stator current for higher spatial harmonics, which provides the generation of additional constant components of the electromagnetic torque. This design of electric drives is advisable, in particular, for mobile installations with low-voltage (standalone) power sources.

摘要优化交流电驱动技术和经济特性的一个可行方法是，在定子绕组相数增加的执行同步电机的基础上进行设计。然而，由于 m 相（m > 3）同步电机的特殊性质是由整个空间场谐波频谱的能量传递决定的，因此应开发考虑到这一特点的机电系统。研究 m 相同步电机调节特性的方法是基于简化为空间场谐波的电磁参数频谱矢量。提出了实现 m 相同步电力驱动的多通道概念，该概念可通过同步电机的所有能量通道作为控制目标，有针对性地形成同步电机的电磁状态。文中考虑了各种实现方式。多相同步电机的优势可以通过强制磁通联轴器矢量和定子电流的相互定向来实现，以获得更高的空间谐波，从而产生额外的电磁转矩恒定分量。这种电力驱动设计尤其适用于使用低压（独立）电源的移动设备。

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引用次数: 0

The Use of Combined Star–Triangle Windings in Three-Phase Electric Motors: A Refined Analysis 在三相电机中使用组合星三角绕组：精细分析

Q3 Engineering

Russian Electrical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700123

Yu. B. Kazakov, D. S. Smirnov, M. A. Kiselyov, I. V. Novikov, A. V. Zakharov

Abstract

The use of combined star–triangle windings in three-phase electric motors can reduce differential scattering, inductive resistance, additional losses, and electromagnetic noise from higher spatial harmonics of the magnetic field. The employment of combined windings with a doubled number of parallel structures makes it possible to change the number of parallel branches of the winding in a larger range. In practice, the theoretical advantages of combined windings are not always achievable in three-phase electric motors, since conditions of parallel operation should be fulfilled for effective joint operation of the star–triangle windings. Failure to comply with the conditions leads to degraded efficiency of electric motors. The combined windings in three-phase electric motors should be selected based on a refined electromagnetic analysis. An algorithm for calculating combined windings with a serial connection of star–triangle windings is proposed. The refined harmonic analysis of magnetomotive forces, differential scattering, and the distribution of magnetic field induction in the gap confirmed that the influence of higher spatial harmonics is decreased when using combined windings. Due to the enhanced starting torque and the reduced effect of higher spatial harmonics of the magnetic field, direct start of an electric motor with a combined winding occurs faster and with lower speed pulsations during acceleration.

摘要在三相电机中使用星三角组合绕组可以减少差分散射、电感电阻、附加损耗和磁场高空间谐波产生的电磁噪声。采用双倍并联结构的组合绕组，可以在更大范围内改变绕组的并联支数。实际上，在三相电机中并不总能实现组合绕组的理论优势，因为星三角绕组的有效联合运行必须满足并联运行的条件。不满足这些条件会导致电机效率降低。三相电机中的组合绕组应根据精细的电磁分析进行选择。本文提出了一种计算星三角绕组串联的组合绕组的算法。对磁动力、差分散射和间隙中磁场感应分布进行的精细谐波分析证实，使用组合绕组时，高空间谐波的影响会减小。由于起动转矩增大和磁场高次空间谐波的影响减小，使用组合绕组的电动机直接起动速度更快，加速时的速度脉动更小。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Energy and the Exergy Efficiencies of Solar Photovoltaic Panels 评估太阳能光伏电池板的能效和放能效率

Q3 Engineering

Russian Electrical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700226

Djoumana Merdja, Toufik Sebbagh

Abstract

This research article delves into the comprehensive assessment of the energy and exergy efficiencies of two distinct solar photovoltaic (PV) panel technologies—olycrystalline and monocrystalline–deployed in the climatic context of Skikda, Algeria. The study aims to discern the superior performer among these two-panel types while taking into account the influential factors of solar radiation, and wind velocity. The results reveal that both panel technologies exhibit closely matched energy and exergy efficiencies, with a slight preference observed for monocrystalline panels. The impact of environmental variables on panel performance is significant, with temperature negatively affecting efficiency, while increased solar irradiance positively enhances energy and exergy production. Wind speed plays a cooling role, thereby augmenting electrical energy generation for both panel types. These findings contribute valuable insights into optimizing solar energy utilization in regions with warm and sun-drenched climates, like Skikda. The research serves as a crucial reference point for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders keen on harnessing solar energy effectively under varying environmental conditions.

摘要本文研究在阿尔及利亚 Skikda 气候条件下，对两种不同的太阳能光伏（PV）电池板技术--多晶硅和单晶硅--的能量和放能效率进行综合评估。研究的目的是在考虑到太阳辐射和风速等影响因素的情况下，找出这两种电池板中的优胜者。研究结果表明，两种电池板技术的能效和放电效率非常接近，单晶硅电池板略胜一筹。环境变量对电池板性能的影响是显著的，温度对效率有负面影响，而太阳辐照度的增加则对能量和放能产生积极的促进作用。风速起到降温作用，从而提高了两种类型电池板的发电量。这些发现为优化斯基达等气候温暖、阳光普照地区的太阳能利用提供了宝贵的见解。这项研究为决策者、研究人员和热衷于在不同环境条件下有效利用太阳能的行业利益相关者提供了重要参考。

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引用次数: 0

Cooling of Contact Connections of Current Leads of HTS Cables HTS 电缆电流引线触点连接的冷却

Q3 Engineering

Russian Electrical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700202

Yu. L. Buyanov

Abstract

Efficient operation of terminal devices containing cryogenic current leads connecting the sources of power generation and consumption with a cable based on high-temperature superconductors ensures reliable operation of the entire power supply system. A method for calculating the temperature at the junction of a superconductor with the resistive part of a current lead when the current changes in the case of cooling the contact section with single-phase liquid nitrogen or gaseous helium is proposed. An analysis of heat removal from the contact area under conditions of free and forced convection has been performed, and the ratios between the heat transfer coefficients of liquid nitrogen and gaseous helium in the range of temperature and pressure values corresponding to the operating parameters of existing HTS cables have been determined. It is shown that the main influence on the thermal balance of the resistive and contact sections of the current lead is exerted by the temperature, and not by the heat transfer coefficient of the cryoagent used.

摘要含有低温电流导线的终端设备的高效运行，通过基于高温超导体的电缆连接发电和用电源，确保了整个供电系统的可靠运行。本文提出了一种方法，用于计算在用单相液氮或气态氦冷却接触部分时，电流发生变化时超导体与电流导线电阻部分交界处的温度。对自由和强制对流条件下接触区的散热情况进行了分析，并确定了液氮和气态氦在与现有 HTS 电缆工作参数相对应的温度和压力值范围内的传热系数比。结果表明，对电流导线电阻部分和接触部分热平衡的主要影响因素是温度，而不是所用低温试剂的传热系数。

引用次数: 0

Network Voltage Harmonics Generated by an Induction Heater Powered by a Transistor Power Supply 晶体管电源供电的感应加热器产生的网络电压谐波

Q3 Engineering

Russian Electrical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700196

V. A. Bukanin, A. N. Ivanov, V. V. Vologdin, Vl. V. Vologdin

Abstract

The problems of electromagnetic compatibility associated with the presence of sinusoidal voltage distortions in a public network when connecting induction heating systems are considered. One of the sources of voltage harmonic emissions is the designed high-frequency induction installation for heating a graphite cylinder based on a VGT 8-50/10 power supply. The problems of low-frequency conducted interference created during the operation of the induction installation for heating the graphite cylinder at high frequencies are considered. Results of experimental studies of the sinusoidal distortion of the voltage curve in the supply network are presented. Measurements are made of the voltage total harmonic distortion factor and the nth harmonic component factor. The voltage and current curves at the input of the VGT-series power supply with a frequency of 10 kHz are obtained when connecting it to an inductor with a power of 12 and 20 kW. Voltage harmonics are measured and compared with the maximum standard parameters. The harmonic numbers at which the permissible voltage values are exceeded are recorded.

摘要考虑了在连接感应加热系统时，公共网络中存在正弦电压畸变所带来的电磁兼容性问题。电压谐波辐射源之一是基于 VGT 8-50/10 电源设计的用于加热石墨圆筒的高频感应装置。研究还考虑了用于高频加热石墨圆柱体的感应装置在运行过程中产生的低频传导干扰问题。介绍了供电网络中电压曲线正弦畸变的实验研究结果。对电压总谐波失真系数和 n 次谐波分量系数进行了测量。将频率为 10 kHz 的 VGT 系列电源连接到功率分别为 12 kW 和 20 kW 的电感器时，可获得其输入端的电压和电流曲线。对电压谐波进行了测量，并与最大标准参数进行了比较。记录超出允许电压值的谐波次数。

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引用次数: 0

Torque Pulsations in Machines with Fractional Slot Windings and Permanent Magnets 带有分数槽绕组和永久磁铁的机器中的扭矩脉动

Q3 Engineering

Russian Electrical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700147

D. Yu. Babitsky, D. M. Toporkov, G. O. Heinrich

Abstract

A study of torque pulsations in electrical machines with fractional slot windings and permanent magnets has been carried out. The design of a magnetic system with the arrangement of permanent magnets on the cylindrical surface of the rotor is considered. The analysis was carried out using the harmonic components method. The formation of torque is considered during the interaction of harmonics of the magnetomotive force created by fractional slot windings and harmonics of the magnetomotive excitation force generated by permanent magnets with constant and variable equivalent magnetic conductivity. Analytical expressions describing the occurrence of torque pulsations are obtained.

摘要对带有分数槽绕组和永久磁铁的电机中的转矩脉动进行了研究。研究考虑了在转子圆柱表面布置永久磁铁的磁系统设计。分析采用谐波分量法进行。考虑了在分数槽绕组产生的磁动力谐波与具有恒定和可变等效磁导率的永磁体产生的磁动力谐波相互作用时扭矩的形成。得出了描述扭矩脉动发生的分析表达式。

引用次数: 0

Control Modes of Charger Based on a Half-Bridge Transistor Converter with Dosage Capacitors 基于带剂量电容器的半桥晶体管转换器的充电器控制模式

Q3 Engineering

Russian Electrical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.3103/s106837122470007x

A. A. Asabin, V. V. Vanyaev, E. A. Kopelovich, M. M. Troitsky

Abstract

The main control modes of the charger of a capacitive energy storage (CES) based on a half-bridge transistor converter with dosage capacitors are considered: with a constant and variable operating frequency of the converter during the CES charging cycle. It is shown that, with the help of mathematical simulation, the optimum law for changing the operating frequency of the converter during CES charging can be found, ensuring the operation of the charger at a constant specified maximum temperature of the power transistor crystals during the charging process. A CES combined charging mode with a constant operating frequency of the converter, which ensures a minimum temperature of the power transistor crystals, is proposed and justified.

摘要考虑了基于带剂量电容器的半桥晶体管转换器的电容储能（CES）充电器的主要控制模式：在 CES 充电周期内转换器的工作频率恒定和可变。结果表明，在数学模拟的帮助下，可以找到在 CES 充电过程中改变转换器工作频率的最佳规律，从而确保充电器在充电过程中以恒定的功率晶体管晶体的指定最高温度运行。我们提出了一种具有恒定转换器工作频率的 CES 组合充电模式，它能确保功率晶体管晶体的最低温度，并证明了这种模式的合理性。

引用次数: 0

An AC Voltage Stabilizer Based on a Chuk Regulator with a Single-Cycle Control System 基于 Chuk 稳压器和单周期控制系统的交流稳压器

Q3 Engineering

Russian Electrical Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700068

R. G. Apalkov, M. G. Kiselev, Yu. B. Tserkovskiy

Abstract

Direct current pulse regulators are characterized by high specific characteristics and high efficiency. The use of bidirectional keys allows the use of such regulators in ac circuits and performs their calculation in a similar way to the calculation of dc regulators. The application of a regulator based on the Chuk topology for voltage stabilization in a single-phase network is considered. The algorithm of the controller’s control system is based on the one-cycle control method. A control algorithm is presented, a computer model is developed, and a model of a regulator with active and active-inductive loads is calculated when the amplitude of the mains voltage changes, as well as under conditions of distorted mains voltage. The results showed a high efficiency of output voltage stabilization.

摘要直流脉冲稳压器具有高特性和高效率的特点。双向键的使用允许在交流电路中使用这种稳压器，其计算方法与直流稳压器的计算方法类似。本文考虑了基于 Chuk 拓扑的稳压器在单相电网电压稳定中的应用。调节器控制系统的算法基于单周期控制方法。提出了一种控制算法，开发了一个计算机模型，并计算了在市电电压幅值变化以及市电电压畸变条件下带有功和有感负载的稳压器模型。结果表明，输出电压稳定效率很高。

引用次数: 0

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