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The Influence of Electromagnetic Radiation from Lightning on Fiber-Optic Communication Lines 雷电电磁辐射对光纤通信线路的影响
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700238
O. S. Belova, A. G. Temnikov, L. L. Chernensky, O. V. Kolesnikov, N. Yu. Lysov, G. P. Paimtsev

Abstract

This article discusses the results of physical simulation of the influence of electromagnetic radiation from lightning discharges and thunderclouds on completely dielectric and armored fiber-optic cables. Lightning discharges were simulated using an experimental facility that allows the creation of artificial electrically active clouds. It has been shown that discharges from an artificial thundercloud near a fiber-optic cable cause rapid changes in the angle of rotation of the plane of polarization of radiation transmitted along the cable. This effect is observed for both armored and completely dielectric fiber-optic cables of moderate length. Completely dielectric cables of longer lengths are less sensitive to rapid changes in the electromagnetic field, but are sensitive to slow changes in the electric field.

摘要 本文讨论了雷电放电和雷云的电磁辐射对完全介质和铠装光缆影响的物理模拟结果。雷电放电是利用可制造人工电活性云的实验设施进行模拟的。实验表明,光缆附近的人造雷云放电会导致沿光缆传输的辐射极化平面的旋转角度发生快速变化。长度适中的铠装光缆和全介质光缆都能观察到这种效应。长度较长的全介质光缆对电磁场的快速变化不太敏感,但对电场的缓慢变化很敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Extended Newton–Raphson Algorithm for Accurate Power-Flow Calculation of Industrial Facilities Based on Induction Motor Catalog Information 基于感应电机目录信息的工业设施功率流精确计算的扩展牛顿-拉夫逊算法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700329
Pichai Aree

Abstract

An accurate operating point is crucial when planning and operating industrial process plants that have numerous induction motor loads. Most commercial software tools currently adopt a static PQ load model for power-flow studies, which doesn’t fully capture the true active and reactive demands of the induction motors. Integrating the motor’s equivalent circuits into the power-flow algorithm can resolve this issue. However, the required data for a set of motor’s equivalent-circuit parameters is often unavailable for such studies. Additionally, directly measuring or identifying the parameters of all installed motors in the plant is neither cost-effective nor efficient. To address this limitation, this paper presents a comprehensive unified power-flow computational technique that allows for straightforward determination of the exact operating condition of induction motors using readily available catalog information. To achieve this objective, Kloss’s formulas of single-cage induction motors are further developed to formulate the mismatch function of the Newton–Raphson method. The extended algorithm and Kloss’s equations are thoroughly validated. Good agreements with acceptable accuracy are observed in a satisfactory manner.

摘要 在规划和运行有大量感应电机负载的工业加工厂时,准确的运行点至关重要。目前,大多数商用软件工具都采用静态 PQ 负载模型进行功率流研究,但这并不能完全反映感应电机的真实有功和无功需求。将电机的等效电路集成到功率流算法中可以解决这个问题。然而,此类研究通常无法获得一组电机等效电路参数的所需数据。此外,直接测量或确定工厂中所有已安装电机的参数既不划算,也不高效。为解决这一局限性,本文提出了一种全面统一的功率流计算技术,可利用现成的目录信息直接确定感应电机的确切运行状况。为实现这一目标,本文进一步发展了单极感应电机的 Kloss 公式,以制定牛顿-拉斐森方法的失配函数。对扩展算法和 Kloss 公式进行了全面验证。结果令人满意。
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引用次数: 0
Circuitry and Technological Methods to Improve the Technical Characteristics of Power Thyristors. Part 1. Lockable Thyristors with External Control 改善功率晶闸管技术特性的电路和技术方法。第 1 部分。带外部控制的可锁定晶闸管
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700299
I. P. Voronin, P. A. Voronin

Abstract

The methods for effective control over high-power thyristors using MOSFETs integrated into the structure of a power device have been considered. Features of the operation of power bipolar transistors and lockable thyristors in modes of high voltages and increased current densities are shown. The variants of hybrid combined circuits based on turn-off thyristors with integrated MOSFET control have been presented. Switching processes of lockable thyristors with integrated control in nominal modes and under current overloads have been considered. Diagrams of operation of thyristors with external control have been presented.

摘要 研究了利用集成在功率器件结构中的 MOSFET 有效控制大功率晶闸管的方法。研究显示了功率双极晶体管和可锁定晶闸管在高电压和高电流密度模式下的工作特点。介绍了基于集成 MOSFET 控制的可关断晶闸管的混合组合电路变体。在额定模式和电流过载情况下,考虑了具有集成控制功能的可锁定晶闸管的开关过程。介绍了具有外部控制功能的晶闸管的工作原理图。
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引用次数: 0
On Increasing the Reliability of Line Circuit Breakers when Disconnecting Overhead Power Lines in Conditions of Slightly Negative Ambient Temperatures 在环境温度略偏负值的条件下断开架空电力线路时提高线路断路器的可靠性
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700287
V. E. Kachesov, N. F. Petrova

Abstract

At slightly negative ambient temperatures, snow or ice bridges form on the surface of line circuit breaker porcelain insulators, leading to a significant decrease in the electrical strength of the insulators. In the case of a longitudinal breakdown of the external insulation of one of the arc-extinguishing chambers, the full voltage is applied to the remaining chambers, which can lead to their breakdown (along the surface of the external insulation, between contacts, or as a result of the breakdown of voltage capacitive dividers). Disconnection of an overhead line by a line circuit breaker is accompanied by a transient low-frequency process, in which the overvoltage ratio at the breaker contacts can reach 2.15 p.u., which, taking into account the reduction in longitudinal electrical strength, leads to breakdown of the breaker. The analysis of emergency shutdowns shows that all of them occur at slightly negative ambient temperatures. To reduce the probability of line breakers failure, the authors consider such measures as the installation of electromagnetic (measuring) transformers and the use of shunt resistor breakers and nonlinear surge suppressors.

摘要在环境温度稍低时,线路断路器瓷绝缘子表面会形成雪桥或冰桥,导致绝缘子的电气强度显著下降。在其中一个灭弧室的外绝缘纵向击穿的情况下,全电压会施加到其余的灭弧室上,这可能会导致它们被击穿(沿着外绝缘表面、触头之间,或由于电压电容分压器的击穿)。线路断路器断开架空线路时伴随着一个瞬态低频过程,在此过程中,断路器触头处的过电压比可达 2.15 p.u.,考虑到纵向电气强度的降低,这将导致断路器的击穿。对紧急停机的分析表明,所有紧急停机都发生在环境温度略低的情况下。为降低线路断路器的故障概率,作者考虑采取安装电磁(测量)变压器、使用并联电阻断路器和非线性浪涌抑制器等措施。
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引用次数: 0
Automatic Fault Detection of Photovoltaic Modules Using Recurrent Neural Network 利用递归神经网络自动检测光伏组件故障
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700330
Parveen Kumar, Manish Kumar, Ajay Kumar Bansal

Abstract

Everywhere in the globe, the total capacity of photovoltaic (PV) panels is expanding at an exponential rate. Arc faults, open-circuit (OC) faults, bypass diode failures, mismatch faults, and short circuit faults are only a few of the most common types of problems that may occur in PV arrays. Not recognizing and correcting these issues quickly might affect power plant production. Fault detection in PV modules helps stabilize PV plant output. Machine learning techniques can automatically identify PV module issues. This paper portrayed fault detection using Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Two methods identify PV defects based on normalizing factors. MLP has nonlinear problems and is slow to compute. The suggested RNN proved to be a superior detection approach for 10 weeks of testing on 2.4 KW monocrystalline solar panels. MLP has 75.62% fault detection accuracy whereas RNN has 98.95% in 4s-2p PV panels. Therefore, the findings of the simulation indicate that the proposed RNN technique achieves the necessary level of speed and accuracy.

摘要在全球各地,光伏(PV)电池板的总容量正以指数级速度增长。电弧故障、开路 (OC) 故障、旁路二极管故障、不匹配故障和短路故障只是光伏阵列中可能出现的几种最常见的问题。如果不能快速识别和纠正这些问题,可能会影响发电厂的生产。光伏模块的故障检测有助于稳定光伏电站的输出。机器学习技术可以自动识别光伏模块问题。本文介绍了使用多层感知器(MLP)和循环神经网络(RNN)进行故障检测的方法。这两种方法基于归一化因子识别光伏缺陷。MLP 存在非线性问题,计算速度较慢。在对 2.4 千瓦单晶硅太阳能电池板进行的 10 周测试中,所建议的 RNN 被证明是一种出色的检测方法。在 4s-2p 光伏板中,MLP 的故障检测准确率为 75.62%,而 RNN 的准确率为 98.95%。因此,模拟结果表明,拟议的 RNN 技术达到了必要的速度和准确度水平。
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引用次数: 0
An Analytical and Simulation Study of a Hybrid Shipboard Electrical-Power System 舰载混合电力系统的分析与模拟研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700305
S. G. German-Galkin, B. F. Dmitriev

Abstract

This work considers a hybrid shipboard electrical-power system consisting of a shipboard electrical network with diesel generators, a shaft generator with a synchronous permanent-magnet machine, and two active semiconductor converters connected by a dc link with a capacitive filter. The converters, which are controlled by separate control systems, form a synchronized information-energy system that ensures two-way energy exchange between the shipboard electrical network and the main motor shaft in the absence of a buffer energy storage device in the dc circuit of the converters, which provides long-term compensation for the power imbalance of the entire shipboard electrical-power system. Methods for controlling the information-energy system are considered, allowing one to synchronously change the direction of power transmission in the shipboard electrical-power system and optimize its power performance.

摘要 这项研究考虑了一种混合船用电力系统,该系统由一个带柴油发电机的船用电网、一个带同步永磁机的轴发电机和两个有源半导体变流器组成,这两个变流器由一个带电容滤波器的直流链路连接。这些变流器由独立的控制系统控制,组成一个同步信息能源系统,在变流器直流回路中没有缓冲储能装置的情况下,确保船用电网和主电机轴之间的双向能量交换,为整个船用电力系统的功率不平衡提供长期补偿。研究还考虑了控制信息能源系统的方法,使人们能够同步改变船载电力系统的功率传输方向,优化其功率性能。
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引用次数: 0
A Study of the Current Quality of a Network Inverter with Relay and Pulse Width Modulation 带继电器和脉宽调制的网络逆变器的电流质量研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700317
M. G. Kiselev

Abstract

The operation of a three-phase inverter with output network chokes (a network regulator) in the reactive power compensation mode is considered. The main attention is paid to the comparison of two fundamentally different control systems based on pulse-width modulation and relay modulation. A model of the network regulator is developed, on the basis of which the characteristics of the output current quality and switching losses are obtained depending on the modulation frequency (the width of the hysteresis loop). The operation of the network regulator with a relay digital control system is considered.

摘要 研究了带有输出网络扼流圈(网络调节器)的三相逆变器在无功功率补偿模式下的运行情况。主要对基于脉宽调制和继电器调制的两种根本不同的控制系统进行了比较。在此基础上,根据调制频率(迟滞环的宽度)获得了输出电流质量和开关损耗的特性。考虑了网络调节器与继电器数字控制系统的运行。
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引用次数: 0
Direct Torque Control of a Four-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor for Electric Vehicle Drives 用于电动汽车驱动的四相开关磁阻电机的直接扭矩控制
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700160
A. B. Krasovsky, A. I. Tikhonov, S. A. Vasyukov, I. S. Snitko, E. S. Vostorgina

Abstract

Switched reluctance motors (SMRs) are competitors of traditional ones in electric vehicles due to their high specific performance and the absence of permanent magnets and windings in the rotor design, which increases reliability and reduces production costs. Due to the pronounced nonlinearity of their magnetic characteristics and discreteness in control, SRMs are characterized by significant torque ripples, noise, and vibrations, to suppress which it is advisable to use direct instantaneous torque control (DITC), which is widely used in traditional electric drives. However, SRMs differ from traditional motors, so known technical solutions cannot be applied to them. Simulation modeling is a convenient and universal tool for research and development of methods and algorithms for SRM control, and the MATLAB/Simulink environment makes it possible to successfully implement them. The article considers two of the best-known and fundamentally different DITC options with respect to a four-phase SRM. Their shortcomings are substantiated and illustrated, and a new DITC option is proposed that is most suitable for controlling an SRM as part of a traction electric drive of electric vehicles.

摘要开关磁阻电机(SMR)因其高性能以及转子设计中不使用永久磁铁和绕组而成为电动汽车中传统电机的竞争对手,从而提高了可靠性并降低了生产成本。由于 SRM 的磁特性具有明显的非线性和控制的不稳定性,因此 SRM 具有明显的扭矩波纹、噪声和振动,为了抑制这些现象,最好使用直接瞬时扭矩控制(DITC),这在传统电力驱动中得到了广泛应用。然而,SRM 与传统电机不同,因此无法采用已知的技术解决方案。仿真建模是研究和开发 SRM 控制方法和算法的便捷通用工具,MATLAB/Simulink 环境使成功实现这些方法和算法成为可能。文章探讨了与四相自润滑机有关的两种最著名且根本不同的 DITC 方案。文章对这两种方案的缺点进行了论证和说明,并提出了一种新的 DITC 方案,该方案最适合控制作为电动汽车牵引电力驱动一部分的 SRM。
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引用次数: 0
A Synchronization Algorithm for the Control System of a Multichannel Electromechanical Steering Actuator 多通道机电转向执行器控制系统的同步算法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700172
V. E. Kuznetsov, A. N. Lukichev, D. Kh. Nguyen, S. M. Bogdanova, D. M. Filatov

Abstract

The article discusses a common method of constructing a multichannel control system for the steering control of aircraft. To increase the reliability of control, a structure of hybrid steering actuators consisting of electromechanical actuators (EMAs) and hydraulic actuators (HAs) was used. The use of different actuators determines the construction of an adaptive algorithm for synchronizing the position of dissimilar actuators to reduce the forces of mutual loading of the control actuator system. A method for synthesizing an adaptive algorithm for synchronizing position and force for two actuator channels is presented taking into account their nonlinear friction and the nonlinear speed characteristics of the hydraulic valve. The comparison of the efficiency of synchronization algorithms was carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

摘要 本文讨论了构建飞机转向控制多通道控制系统的常用方法。为了提高控制的可靠性,采用了由机电执行器(EMA)和液压执行器(HAs)组成的混合转向执行器结构。不同作动器的使用决定了需要构建一种自适应算法,用于同步不同作动器的位置,以减少控制作动器系统的相互负载力。考虑到两个执行器通道的非线性摩擦和液压阀的非线性速度特性,介绍了一种合成两个执行器通道位置和力同步自适应算法的方法。在 MATLAB/Simulink 环境中对同步算法的效率进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Loss Reduction in the Rotor of Powerful Synchronous Permanent Magnet Generators 降低大功率同步永磁发电机转子的损耗
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3103/s1068371224700135
Yu. N. Ivannikov, Yu. V. Zubkov, Yu. A. Makarichev

Abstract

The possibility of stray loss reduction in permanent magnets by reducing the influence of higher harmonics on the magnetic field in the air gap is considered. Various types of stator windings are considered and design solutions are proposed for choosing the optimal shape of magnets in radially excited generators in terms of reducing higher harmonic and, consequently, rotor losses. When solving the problems, methods of numerical modeling of stationary and nonstationary magnetic fields are used.

摘要 研究了通过减少高次谐波对气隙磁场的影响来降低永磁体杂散损耗的可能性。考虑了各种类型的定子绕组,并提出了径向励磁发电机中磁钢最佳形状的设计方案,以减少高次谐波,进而减少转子损耗。在解决问题时,使用了静态和非静态磁场的数值建模方法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Russian Electrical Engineering
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