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Tradiții populare, tradiții hermetice: contrareforma și raționalizarea lumii 大众传统、封闭传统:世界的反改革与合理化
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.06-07.18
Dragoș Dragoman
The modern heading towards a purely rational understanding of the universe is by no means related to expanding the range and accuracy of empirical techniques and instruments of measure. In a way, modern science came alive when it was least needed, as emphasized by Culianu. What seems to have greatly favored it was the outcome of a bitter fight run by the Church, both Catholic and Protestant, against any use of human imagination. Defeating both popular and hermetical culture inherited from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the ecclesiastical power set the road for the use of more ideologically neutral quantitative measures, and prepared the ground for the sovereignty of modern experimental sciences.
现代朝着对宇宙的纯粹理性理解的方向发展,与扩大经验技术和测量仪器的范围和准确性毫无关系。在某种程度上,正如库利亚努所强调的,现代科学是在最不需要的时候活跃起来的。这似乎是一场由教会,包括天主教和新教,进行的激烈斗争的结果,反对任何人类想象力的使用。教会力量击败了从中世纪和文艺复兴时期继承下来的大众文化和封闭文化,为使用意识形态上更加中立的定量方法开辟了道路,并为现代实验科学的主权奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Radu Jude’s Montage Experiments with Documents of Oppression and Mass Murder 拉杜·裘德的蒙太奇实验与压迫和大屠杀的文件
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.09.01
Andrei Gorzo, Veronica Lazăr
The article discusses critically the following films—short and feature-length—by Radu Jude: The Dead Nation (2017), The Marshal’s Two Executions (2018), Punish and Discipline (2019), Uppercase Print (2020), The Exit of the Trains (2020), Caricaturana (2021), Memories from the Eastern Front (2021), and The Potemkinists (2022). In four of them—The Dead Nation, The Marshal’s Two Executions, The Exit of the Trains and Memories from the Eastern Front (the last two co-directed with historian Adrian Cioflâncă)—Jude cinematically curates Holocaustrelated archives, exposing Romanian antisemitic atrocities. Uppercase Print and Punish and Discipline explore state apparatuses of repression from other periods in Romanian history, while The Marshal’s Two Executions and The Potemkinists interrogate the relation between art and historical memory. A number of these films work by juxaposing two different sets of documents, using one set to tease out a narrative that the other set represses. Jude himself has described these works “as timid explorations” into the possibilities of montage (possibilities that the New Romanian Cinema of the 2000s had largely neglected), presided over by the spirit of Sergei Eisenstein. That spirit is explicitly (and playfully) conjured in Caricaturana and The Potemkinists
本文批判性地讨论了Radu Jude的以下短片和长片:死亡国家(2017),元帅的两次处决(2018),惩罚与纪律(2019),大写印刷(2020),火车出口(2020),漫画(2021),东线记忆(2021)和波将金主义者(2022)。在其中的四部影片——《死亡之国》、《元帅的两次处决》、《火车出口处》和《东线的记忆》(最后两部影片是与历史学家阿德里安·乔弗拉·纳齐共同执导的)中,裘德在电影中整理了与大屠杀相关的档案,揭露了罗马尼亚的反犹暴行。《大写印刷》和《惩罚与纪律》探讨了罗马尼亚历史上其他时期的国家镇压机器,而《元帅的两次处决》和《波将金主义者》则探讨了艺术与历史记忆之间的关系。许多这样的电影是通过将两组不同的文件放在一起,用一组来梳理另一组压抑的叙事。裘德自己把这些作品描述为对蒙太奇可能性的“胆怯探索”(这种可能性是21世纪初的新罗马尼亚电影在很大程度上被忽视的),由谢尔盖·爱森斯坦的精神主持。这种精神在《漫画派》和《波将金主义者》中被明确地(并且戏谑地)赋予了魔力
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引用次数: 1
Rebreanu, creatorul reprezentării literare mic-burgheze a țărănimii Rebreanu,农民小资产阶级文学形象的创造者
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.10.05
C. Rogozanu
Anca Parvulescu and Manuela Boatcă’s Creolizing the Modern: Transylvania Across Empires provides a restructured reading grille for the canonical novel Ion by modernist-realist Romanian writer Liviu Rebreanu. Overall, the inter-imperial theoretical frame and method put forth by Parvulescu and Boatcă is fit to the task of decoding relevant aspects of the social representations of the peasantry in late Habsburg Transylvania. However, there are good reasons to suggest that “peripheral realism” would have been a more effective analytical tool. While some of the claims of the book have been discussed by literary critics at the time of publication of the novel, a re-reading of the novel in inter-imperial context lends those claims the comparative dimension that was conspicuously absent in the literary analysis of the novel following its publication.
Anca Parvulescu和Manuela boatcei的《克里奥尔化现代:跨帝国的特兰西瓦尼亚》为罗马尼亚现代主义现实主义作家Liviu Rebreanu的经典小说《Ion》提供了一个重新构建的阅读框架。总的来说,Parvulescu和boatcei提出的帝国间理论框架和方法适合于解码哈布斯堡晚期特兰西瓦尼亚农民社会表征的相关方面的任务。然而,有充分的理由表明,“外围现实主义”将是一种更有效的分析工具。虽然在小说出版时,文学评论家们讨论了书中的一些观点,但在帝国间的背景下重新阅读小说,使这些观点有了比较的维度,而这在小说出版后的文学分析中是明显缺失的。
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引用次数: 2
Rescrieri feminine ale Odiseei (1) Margaret Atwood, Penelopiada 奥德赛的女性重写(1)玛格丽特·阿特伍德,佩内洛普
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.09.05
Alexandra Ciocârlie
Margaret Atwood in The Penelopiad, a modern rewriting of the mythical story, imagines Odysseus’ tale from the perspective of Penelope. In afterlife, the shadow of the heroine is recalling her life focusing on the relationship with her illustrious husband. Dissatisfied with the Homeric version of the events, she is claiming the right to speak in order to reject her presentation from the epic poem and also the gossip about her infidelity. Her narrative reconstitution reveals the ins and outs of the legends and brings into light a more complex appearance of a woman which is famous only as an exemplary wife. Keywords: epic poem, modern novel, rewriting, feminine perspective.
玛格丽特·阿特伍德在现代版的《佩内洛普》中,从佩内洛普的角度来想象奥德修斯的故事。在死后,女主的影子在回忆她的一生,专注于与她杰出的丈夫的关系。她不满意荷马式的叙述,她要求发言的权利,以拒绝史诗中对她的描述,以及关于她不忠的流言蜚语。她的叙事重构揭示了传说的来龙去脉,并揭示了一个更复杂的女人的形象,这个女人只是作为一个模范妻子而闻名。关键词:史诗,现代小说,改写,女性视角。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Romanian Literature Collectively: The Inter-imperial Modern Novel 罗马尼亚文学的集体反思:帝国间的现代小说
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.10.07
S. Ung
The present essay aims at discussing the recent volume Creolizing the Modern: Transylvania across Empires (2022) by Anca Parvulescu and Manuela Boatcă as a significant contribution to the recent attempts at rethinking Romanian literature. In this regard, the examination of the volume is constantly reckoned in dialogue with some of the previously undertaken projects. The dialogic approach highlights two significant aspects, related to both the volume and the context in which it is received. On the one hand, it shows that the theoretical and methodological framework deployed in the volume can constitute the ground for future studies. On the other hand, it draws attention to the fact the rethinking of Romanian literature has been a collective and gradual endeavor.
本论文旨在讨论最近的卷克里奥尔化现代:跨帝国的特兰西瓦尼亚(2022),由安卡·帕尔韦莱斯库和曼努埃拉·博阿彻作为一个重要的贡献,最近尝试重新思考罗马尼亚文学。在这方面,本卷的审查工作经常与以前进行的一些项目进行对话。对话方式突出了两个重要方面,这两个方面与收到的数量和背景有关。一方面,它表明在卷中部署的理论和方法框架可以构成未来研究的基础。另一方面,它提请人们注意这样一个事实:对罗马尼亚文学的反思是一个集体的、渐进的努力。
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引用次数: 3
Perspective ale imaginii lui Dracula într-un secol cinematografic 电影世纪的德古拉形象透视
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.03.03
Ion Indolean
This article aims to analyze the evolution of the cinematic representation of the character Dracula, imagined and made famous by Bram Stoker, the author of the eponymous Gothic novel. To better understand the context in which this character developed, I begin by presenting some relevant details from the life and work of the medieval ruler Vlad the Impaler, the source of inspiration for the British writer. The purpose of this article is to highlight the differences in nuance and changes over time with respect to Dracula. From a one-sided, bloody, animalistic character, he becomes more and more sophisticated every decade. In a cinematic century, Dracula changes radically, begins to have secondary objectives, placed immediately after his physiological need. This behavioral change can define the producers’ attempt to create a product that is marketable and open to a wider audience.
本文旨在分析德古拉这个角色的电影表现形式的演变,德古拉是由布拉姆·斯托克(Bram Stoker)创作并成名的同名哥特式小说。为了更好地理解这个角色形成的背景,我首先介绍了中世纪统治者刺穿者弗拉德的生活和工作中的一些相关细节,弗拉德是这位英国作家的灵感来源。这篇文章的目的是强调在细微差别和变化随着时间的变化与德古拉。从一个片面的、血腥的、兽性的角色,他每隔十年就变得越来越老练。在一个电影的世纪里,德古拉发生了根本性的变化,开始有了次要的目标,紧随他的生理需求之后。这种行为上的改变可以决定制作人是否想要创造出一款有市场且面向更广泛受众的产品。
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引用次数: 0
Devianță psihologică și stil cognitiv în Enigma Otiliei de G. Călinescu (1938) G.Călinescu(1938)《奥蒂利埃之谜》中的心理偏差与认知风格
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.06-07.08
Daniel Coman
Drawing on theoretical developments from cognitive sciences and the literary field, more specifically on concepts such as mind style, literary categorization, and prototypical distortion, in the present article, I set out to explore the relationship between literary characters and psychological deviance. In so doing, I analyze G. Călinescu’s 1938 novel Enigma Otiliei (Otilia’s Riddle) and, in the wake of several literary critics’ shared view that the novel’s characters are individuals driven by much more complex internal mechanisms than simply being based on a single social schema, I suggest that this complexity can be accounted for by the tools provided by psychopathology. Therefore, I point to the maladaptive psychological traits that the characters exhibit and to how these are projected into the character’ language, forming thus idiosincratic linguistic patterns. Finally, I argue that the author employs the narrative device of “prototypical distortion” to lampoon the characters’ deviance.
借鉴认知科学和文学领域的理论发展,更具体地说,在心灵风格、文学分类和原型扭曲等概念上,在本文中,我着手探索文学人物与心理偏差之间的关系。在此过程中,我分析了G. carilinescu 1938年的小说《奥蒂利亚之谜》(Enigma Otiliei,奥蒂利亚之谜),在几位文学评论家的共同观点之后,我认为小说中的人物是由更复杂的内部机制驱动的个体,而不仅仅是基于单一的社会图式,我认为这种复杂性可以通过精神病理学提供的工具来解释。因此,我指出了角色表现出的不适应心理特征,以及这些特征是如何被投射到角色的语言中,从而形成独特的语言模式的。最后,笔者认为作者运用了“原型扭曲”的叙事手法来讽刺人物的越轨行为。
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引用次数: 0
Adapting to Survive: Postcolonial Studies Today and the Emergence of the Interimperial Reading Method 适应生存:今天的后殖民研究和帝国间阅读方法的出现
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.10.01
Maria Chiorean
This paper discusses Manuela Boatcă and Anca Parvulescu’s recent volume, Creolizing the Modern, in relation to the debates surrounding the adequacy of the postcolonial framework for the analysis of East European and, more specifically, Romanian literature. It argues that the authors manage to signal, introduce and put into practice some of the most important methodological updates in the fields of postcolonialism, dependency studies and World Literature. Through a discussion of each of these milestones, Boatcă and Parvulescu’s inter-imperial reading method is shown to provide a highly rigorous and productive world-systemic perspective on modern canonical literature.
本文讨论了Manuela boatcou和Anca Parvulescu最近的一卷,克里奥尔化现代,与围绕后殖民框架是否适合分析东欧,更具体地说,罗马尼亚文学的争论。文章认为,作者成功地传达、介绍了后殖民主义、依附研究和世界文学领域一些最重要的方法论更新,并将其付诸实践。通过对这些里程碑的讨论,博阿托伊和帕尔韦莱斯库的帝国间阅读方法为现代经典文学提供了一种高度严谨和富有成效的世界系统视角。
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引用次数: 4
Postumanul ca world literature. Cazul SF-ului românesc interbelic 作为世界文学的后人类。两次大战之间罗马尼亚SF的案例
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.11-12.04
Emanuel Lupașcu
This study deals with three science fiction novels published in the Romanian interwar period, using concepts and theories from the field of posthumanism. My approach will consist of three interconnected but equally important steps. In the first place, these novels are part of a larger cluster of 20th-century art that thematizes technological development and the ‘crisis’ of modern man. Their importance also arises from the need to expand our understanding of world literature beyond the phenomenon of translation and the national canon. In addition, I will examine how posthuman configurations activate different reactions to the dominant ideologies of the age (modern machinism, feminism, species expansion, etc.). A second step will entail reconstructing the scientific, ideological, social and artistic contexts that made the articulation of the three novels. Last but not least, in the background of my study, I will lead a demonstration of the incompatibility between posthumanist ideology and the interwar science fiction novel, which rather features a posthuman imaginary without posthumanism. This result invalidates Simona Micali’s thesis that considers any SF product as a critique of anthropocentrism.
本文运用后人文主义的概念和理论,分析了罗马尼亚在两次世界大战之间出版的三部科幻小说。我的方法将包括三个相互关联但同样重要的步骤。首先,这些小说是20世纪更大的艺术群体的一部分,这些艺术群体以科技发展和现代人的“危机”为主题。它们的重要性还在于,我们需要扩大对世界文学的理解,超越翻译现象和国家经典。此外,我将研究后人类形态如何激发对时代主导意识形态(现代机械、女权主义、物种扩张等)的不同反应。第二步将需要重建构成这三部小说的科学、意识形态、社会和艺术背景。最后但并非最不重要的是,在我的研究背景下,我将领导一个论证后人类主义意识形态与两次世界大战之间的科幻小说之间的不相容,后者更倾向于一个没有后人类主义的后人类想象。这一结果推翻了西蒙娜·米卡利认为任何SF产品都是对人类中心主义的批判的论点。
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引用次数: 0
Mircea Eliade’s Virtual Bibliography: Two Manuscript Folios Linked to Valkyries in the Library 米尔恰·埃利亚德的虚拟书目:图书馆中与女武神相关的两个手稿对开本
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.11-12.09
Andreea Apostu
This paper aims to demonstrate that two previously unknown manuscript folios from Mircea Eliade’s youth, which emerged in 2022, are the drafted summaries of his unfinished editorial project Valkyries in the Library. The two folios are, in fact, two lists of article titles Eliade published in Cuvântul (22), Gândirea (2), and Sinteza (1), in 1926-1928. Arranged differently, the feuilletons address topics such the Romanian intellectual, the dependance towards French culture and literature, philology and synthesis, the lack of heroism in Romanian literature, Beatrice and Don Quixote, young writers, literary criticism, philosophy. The tone is polemical and radical, condemning the current state of Romanian literature, advancing the author’s views, and urging his contemporaries to take action in order to create fundamental and authentic works. Just as Eliade recalls in his diary, the articles from Cuvântul mentioned in the two folios were a whirlwind, a cavalcade meant to take local culture and erudition by surprise and to change it forever.
本文旨在证明米尔恰·埃利亚德(Mircea Eliade)在2022年出现的两个以前不为人知的手稿对开本,是他未完成的编辑项目《图书馆中的女武神》(Valkyries in the Library)的草稿摘要。事实上,这两对开本是Eliade于1926-1928年在cuv ntul(22)、gind(2)和Sinteza(1)上发表的两篇文章的标题列表。以不同的方式排列,这些书的主题是罗马尼亚知识分子,对法国文化和文学的依赖,语言学和综合,罗马尼亚文学中缺乏英雄主义,比阿特丽斯和堂吉诃德,年轻作家,文学批评,哲学。他的语气是激烈而激进的,谴责了罗马尼亚文学的现状,提出了作者的观点,并敦促他的同时代人采取行动,以创造基本和真实的作品。正如埃利亚德在他的日记中回忆的那样,这两本对开本中提到的来自cuv ntul的文章就像一场旋风,一场旨在让当地文化和博学大吃一惊并永远改变它的浩劫。
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引用次数: 2
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