Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.04.01
Andrei Gorzo, Veronica Lazăr
The article discusses the aesthetics and the politics of the so-called New Romanian Cinema (a major post-2005 sensation on the international art-cinema circuit), succintly assessing its novelty in both a national and an international cinematic context. It then proceeds to discuss Radu Jude’s debut feature, The Happiest Girl in the World (2009), as a NRC film, typical in some ways, atypical in others. The paper highlights the film’s critique of advertising and the nuclear family.
{"title":"A Slight Unease About Capitalism: Radu Jude’s The Happiest Girl in the World and the New Romanian Cinema","authors":"Andrei Gorzo, Veronica Lazăr","doi":"10.51391/trva.2022.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the aesthetics and the politics of the so-called New Romanian Cinema (a major post-2005 sensation on the international art-cinema circuit), succintly assessing its novelty in both a national and an international cinematic context. It then proceeds to discuss Radu Jude’s debut feature, The Happiest Girl in the World (2009), as a NRC film, typical in some ways, atypical in others. The paper highlights the film’s critique of advertising and the nuclear family.","PeriodicalId":39326,"journal":{"name":"Revista Transilvania","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42523126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.04.02
A. Nae
This article analyses the anti-communist rhetoric of the popular Ukrainian video game S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl which was developed by GSC Game World and released in 2007. In this paper I argue that, in order to mount a humanist critique against Soviet communism, the game borrows the anti-colonial discursive structure of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness filtered through the video game F.E.A.R. If colonialism is predicated on the juxtaposition of territorial expansion and a progressive temporality towards a civilizational ideal, then Heart of Darkness and F.E.A.R. convey a critique of colonialism by highlighting how spatial progress brings about temporal regression manifested as a dissolution of the self. To show this, they employ the doppelgänger convention. Both protagonists representing white civilization are on quest to find a character who has been ‘contaminated’ by the ‘heart of darkness.’ This latter character is eventually revealed to be a negative cultural doppelgänger of the protagonist who has assimilated otherness to the point of no return. By the same token, in S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl the psychological regression of the protagonist is mapped onto spatial progress towards the heart of communism, in this case Reactor #4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. S.T.A.L.K.E.R. reworks the doppelgänger convention by identifying the protagonist with the character ‘gone native,’ i.e. gone communist, not only symbolically, but also physically. This enables the game to put forth two scenarios, namely one where the main character overcomes communism, and one where he embraces it. By offering both endings, the game maintains two contradictory views on the communist past. One ending suggests that communism can eventually be overcome, while the other postulates the communist past is here to stay.
本文分析了由GSC game World开发并于2007年发行的乌克兰热门电子游戏《S.T.A.L.K.E.R.:切尔诺贝利之影》的反共言论。在本文中，我认为，为了对苏联共产主义进行人道主义批判，游戏借用了约瑟夫·康拉德的《黑暗之心》中通过电子游戏《F.E.a.R》过滤出来的反殖民话语结构，《黑暗之心》和《F.E.A.R.》通过强调空间进步如何带来表现为自我解体的时间倒退，传达了对殖民主义的批判。为了证明这一点，他们采用了doppelgänger惯例。两位代表白人文明的主角都在寻找一个被“黑暗之心”“污染”的角色后一个角色最终被揭露为主人公的负面文化替身，他已经将另类同化到了无法回头的地步。同样，在《S.T.A.L.K.E.R.：切尔诺贝利的阴影》中，主人公的心理回归被映射到了向共产主义核心的空间进步上，在本例中是切尔诺贝利核电站的4号反应堆。S.T.A.L.K.E.R.通过将主人公识别为“逝去的本地人”，即逝去的共产主义者，不仅象征性地，而且在身体上，重新演绎了多人杰的惯例。这使得游戏能够提出两个场景，一个是主角战胜共产主义，另一个是他拥抱共产主义。通过提供两个结局，游戏对共产主义的过去保持了两种矛盾的观点。一个结局表明共产主义最终可以被克服，而另一个结局则假设共产主义的过去将继续存在。
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Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.04.08
Ana Catană-Spenchiu, Maria Moruz
The biblical translation made by Samuil Micu, known as the Blaj Bible (1795), has an impressive number of notes. Originally written on the edge of the text or overwritten, the glosses made by the scholar reflect his work site. A significant number of them in the working manuscript (MS.70, B.A.R.) managed to find their place in the secondary version copied for printing (MS.111 B.A.R.) and later in the printed form. Samuil Micu relies in his approach on the model offered by the Bucharest Bible (1688), on the Septuagint in the edition of Lambert Bos (1709), the source text of his translation, as well as on other texts consulted to elucidate some translation difficulties. We aim to follow, as far as possible, through a comparison of the second biblical book, the Exodus, from the two texts (MS.70) and the printed form (B1795) the way in which the notes written in the original form of the text can be found in the printed version, taking into account the revisions from the transcribed manuscript (MS.111).
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Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.04.03
Ligia Smarandache
The revolution in communication technologies is changing language and this, in turn, will change human thinking. This statement can now be taken for granted. The fact that it is supported by many authors, including Marshal Mc Luhan (1964), Neil Postman (1992) and Lev Manovich (2002), is already evidence of it. The issue of information in the public sphere of Web 2.0 is controversial and much debated. The democratization of cyberspace brings with it the chance to develop a complex audiovisual grammar that anticipates video art and experimental films. The online environment features both to audiovisual experiments undertaken by amateur videographers and professional elites. In this place of extremes, there is room for developing both narrative and non-narrative expressions of self-reflexive audiovisual products. Whereas Lev Manovich (2002) states that the avant-garde becomes legitimised in the cut and paste era of digital filmmaking, which replaces the sequential narrative, this article sets out to determine the contribution of amateur videographers and artists to the development of the new audiovisual grammar of web 2.0. My case studies focus on the two main tendencies of home-made audiovisual products, both of them leading to the effectiveness of audiovisual communication. The video-confession replaces the visual narrative illustration with a form of orality that increases the audience’s imaginative participation. The DIY-videos, non-narrative metaphors in essay form, complement abstract comprehension. These new forms approach Astruc’s concept of caméra stylo, enhancing the audiovisual communication of the mass audience. Thus, the audience is able to comprehend a richer and more sophisticated cinematic language.
通信技术的革命正在改变语言，而这反过来又将改变人类的思维。这种说法现在可以被视为理所当然。事实上，它得到了许多作者的支持，包括Marshal Mc Luhan（1964）、Neil Postman（1992）和Lev Manovich（2002），已经证明了这一点。Web 2.0公共领域的信息问题备受争议。网络空间的民主化带来了发展复杂视听语法的机会，这种语法预示着视频艺术和实验电影。在线环境的特点是业余摄像师和专业精英进行的视听实验。在这个极端的地方，自反视听产品的叙事和非叙事表达都有发展的空间。Lev Manovich（2002）指出，先锋派在数字电影制作的剪贴时代变得合法，这取代了顺序叙事，而本文旨在确定业余摄像师和艺术家对Web2.0新视听语法发展的贡献。我的案例研究集中在自制视听产品的两个主要趋势上，这两个趋势都导致了视听传播的有效性。视频告白以一种口头形式取代了视觉叙事插图，增加了观众的想象力参与。DIY视频是散文形式的非叙事隐喻，补充了抽象理解。这些新的形式接近了Astruc的风格凸轮的概念，增强了大众观众的视听交流。因此，观众能够理解更丰富、更复杂的电影语言。
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Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.04.06
Marta Petreu
The present study is a revisitation of Lucian Blaga’s work in all its compartments (from literary to philosophical), thoroughly deconstructing the labels attached to it by the different ideologies of three periods: the interwar, the communist, and the post-communist ones. Most of them abusive and/or erroneous, these labels transformed Blaga’s work into an artistic and theoretical corpus suffocated by ideological clichés. Using most diverse sources (from letters and memoirs to treatises of political sciences and biology), the author shows somehow apophatically what Blaga was not – concluding that, while traversing complicated eras of political extremism, he managed to remain immune to all their ideologies.
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Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.04.07
Mircea A. Diaconu
Once in Vienna to get an education, the young Romanians that left Bukovina, be they sons of boyars, priests, peasants, or public servants, often found themselves in awe. One way or another, they soon experienced a hard time getting board and lodgings. To make ends meet, they had to pawn their belongings or borrow money, which spelled trouble for all of them. Consequently, their food choice and cooking skills welcome a cultural studies approach that reveals their worldview, identity or history proper. Taking into account mostly unknown memoirs, diaries and letters, the present paper aims to give insight into the eating habits and the world of young Bukovinians living in Vienna. Fitted within a chronological sequence, the case studies under scrutiny range from the Hurmuzachi brothers (Constantin, Eudoxiu, Gheorghe), Eminescu, and the so-called ‘Bukovinian colony’ to Ciprian Porumbescu and, eventually, Leca Morariu. Strangely enough, Morariu, although wounded in WWI, is the only one who managed to eat well while in Vienna. However, both his war and Vienna diaries are meaningful from many other perspectives than his meals. Beyond the actual or the implied questions they trigger, my somewhat random reading comes across as an opportunity to rediscover a lost world.
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Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.04.05
Andreea Apostu
After his resignation from “Revista universitară” [“Universitary Journal”] in 1926, due to the scandal ignited by his review of Nicolae Iorga’s “Essai de synthèse de l’histoire de l’humanité,” Eliade continued to collaborate with the publication under the pseudonym “S.N.”. The three reviews analyzed in this article may seem of little importance – short informative texts, they nonetheless reveal the diversity of the young author’s interests and the persistence of several themes from Eliade’s youth to his late maturity: Italian culture (in his review of Alexandru Marcu’s “The Italian Romantics and Romanians”), B.P. Hasdeu’s life and works, metapsychic experiences and esoterism (through discussing Alberto Fidi’s “Treatise on Talismans”). These short texts reveal what we have called a sort of individual “longue durée” – a long-term affinity for certain subjects which evolves gradually and thoroughly throughout Eliade’s life. His passion for B.P. Hasdeu’s work and personality, for instance, started with a highschool conference, continued with an unfinished book project (revealed recently at an auction) and grew into an edition of Hasdeu, published in 1937: “Literary, Moral, and Political Writings.” Our article also analyses the connections between Eliade’s early articles and this new, unprecedented material, that appeared in March 2022 at a national auction.
{"title":"Ascunderi textuale: trei recenzii publicate de Mircea Eliade sub pseudonim în ultimul număr al Revistei universitare","authors":"Andreea Apostu","doi":"10.51391/trva.2022.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"After his resignation from “Revista universitară” [“Universitary Journal”] in 1926, due to the scandal ignited by his review of Nicolae Iorga’s “Essai de synthèse de l’histoire de l’humanité,” Eliade continued to collaborate with the publication under the pseudonym “S.N.”. The three reviews analyzed in this article may seem of little importance – short informative texts, they nonetheless reveal the diversity of the young author’s interests and the persistence of several themes from Eliade’s youth to his late maturity: Italian culture (in his review of Alexandru Marcu’s “The Italian Romantics and Romanians”), B.P. Hasdeu’s life and works, metapsychic experiences and esoterism (through discussing Alberto Fidi’s “Treatise on Talismans”). These short texts reveal what we have called a sort of individual “longue durée” – a long-term affinity for certain subjects which evolves gradually and thoroughly throughout Eliade’s life. His passion for B.P. Hasdeu’s work and personality, for instance, started with a highschool conference, continued with an unfinished book project (revealed recently at an auction) and grew into an edition of Hasdeu, published in 1937: “Literary, Moral, and Political Writings.” Our article also analyses the connections between Eliade’s early articles and this new, unprecedented material, that appeared in March 2022 at a national auction.","PeriodicalId":39326,"journal":{"name":"Revista Transilvania","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42040986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.04.10
K. Ashrafyan
Making use of the method and the results of Herbert Eugene Bolton, founder of the Latin American Historical Review who proved that Spanish heritage is crucial for understanding American history, the article examines some of the main questions every researcher studying 16th-centiry Spanish Florida is confronted with. The author identifies important methodological problems regarding the topic and proposes some solutions, while also initiating specific debates on the development and Christianization of Spanish Florida during the 16th to the 18th centuries. The methodological conviction of the article is that scientists cannot avoid historicism; it also shows specific problems of the narrative and typological method, as well as the potential for further analysis of such methods as source studies and documentary. One also discusses the cartographic problem and the periodization of what is considered Spanish Florida in the 16th century.
{"title":"Problem Points of Various Research Methods and Prospects for Their Solution in the Study of 16th- to 18th- Century Spanish Florida","authors":"K. Ashrafyan","doi":"10.51391/trva.2022.04.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.04.10","url":null,"abstract":"Making use of the method and the results of Herbert Eugene Bolton, founder of the Latin American Historical Review who proved that Spanish heritage is crucial for understanding American history, the article examines some of the main questions every researcher studying 16th-centiry Spanish Florida is confronted with. The author identifies important methodological problems regarding the topic and proposes some solutions, while also initiating specific debates on the development and Christianization of Spanish Florida during the 16th to the 18th centuries. The methodological conviction of the article is that scientists cannot avoid historicism; it also shows specific problems of the narrative and typological method, as well as the potential for further analysis of such methods as source studies and documentary. One also discusses the cartographic problem and the periodization of what is considered Spanish Florida in the 16th century.","PeriodicalId":39326,"journal":{"name":"Revista Transilvania","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44262179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.01-02.03
Ioana-Roxana Fruntelată
This article sets into light the context of ideas and relevant biographical circumstances at the time when the Romanian sociologist Henri H. Stahl issued the leaflet Cultura satelor. Cum trebue înțeleasă [The Village Culture. How It Should Be Understood] (1934), in a period of crisis of the Sociological School of Bucharest, when the project of its founder, Dimitrie Gusti, to employ the results of the monographic research campaigns in order to initiate a social reform, seemed to have reached a dead point. At the same time, we pay attention to the cultural distinctions and relations (rural and urban culture, popular/ folk and literate culture) that Stahl debates in his text on village culture. Taking into account the fact that each new reading of a scientific work implicitly updates its content, we also find in the pages written by Henri H. Stahl in 1934 an interesting material for revisiting engaged anthropology, a direction of study developed in the U.S.A. in the late 1970s but rooted in an older model of addressing anthropological research which was created during the Second World War and anticipated as early as the end of the nineteenth century. Beyond different labels applied to research tendencies in social sciences or ethnological/ anthropological approaches in various epochs, we argue that the manner in which researchers influence (more or less intentional) their target-communities not only challenges professional ethics but also provokes a meaningful reflection on the values which are ‘at stake’ in any intercultural encounter.
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Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.51391/trva.2022.01-02.05
Cristian Vasile
This paper discusses the content of the cadre file of Henri H. Stahl preserved in the Archives of the University of Bucharest’s Rectorate. In the form in which it has been preserved after 1989, the personnel file of H.H. Stahl seems, from several points of view, atypical. If we compare it with the cadre files of the 1950s, it surprises by the apparent “goodwill” of the communist cadres towards H.H. Stahl. This ideological solicitude is manifested in the interpretation given to main cultural and political events in H.H. Stahl’s life. In other circumstances such political past could be labeled as unusable in a communist context. Equally curious and noteworthy is the issue of the ethnic origin attributed (and not necessarily real or assumed by the one described in the file), more precisely the issue of Stahl’s nationality (Jewish) which was recorded in the file. Analyzing Stahl cadre file we can wonder if the integrity of this dossier has not been compromised by removing, extracting or modifying documents by the personel staff services or by someone else.
{"title":"Biografia și opera lui Henri H. Stahl reflectate în dosarul său de cadre","authors":"Cristian Vasile","doi":"10.51391/trva.2022.01-02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.01-02.05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the content of the cadre file of Henri H. Stahl preserved in the Archives of the University of Bucharest’s Rectorate. In the form in which it has been preserved after 1989, the personnel file of H.H. Stahl seems, from several points of view, atypical. If we compare it with the cadre files of the 1950s, it surprises by the apparent “goodwill” of the communist cadres towards H.H. Stahl. This ideological solicitude is manifested in the interpretation given to main cultural and political events in H.H. Stahl’s life. In other circumstances such political past could be labeled as unusable in a communist context. Equally curious and noteworthy is the issue of the ethnic origin attributed (and not necessarily real or assumed by the one described in the file), more precisely the issue of Stahl’s nationality (Jewish) which was recorded in the file. Analyzing Stahl cadre file we can wonder if the integrity of this dossier has not been compromised by removing, extracting or modifying documents by the personel staff services or by someone else.","PeriodicalId":39326,"journal":{"name":"Revista Transilvania","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42144616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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