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Once in a Season – The Pragmatic Function of Fuck in “BoJack Horseman” TV Show 一季一次——《马男波杰克》中Fuck的语用功能
Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.46539/gmd.v5i1.307
Barbara Grobelna
This article investigates the use and pragmatic functions of the swear word fuck in the “BoJack Horseman” produced by Netflix and bridges the gap in the linguistic research on this particular TV show. Incorporating corpus linguistics tools, the BoJack Horseman Corpus was compiled and the lemma fuck has been investigated and analysed from the multimodal perspective. It occurs six times, just once per every season of the show, every time when the interlocutor expresses strong emotions, usually towards the eponymous character. The use of a swear word provides a vent for anger, disappointment, or surprise and creates an extralinguistic narrative frame, due to its economic use by the writers of the show.
本文对Netflix公司制作的电视剧《马男波杰克》中粗口词fuck的使用和语用功能进行了研究,填补了这一特定电视剧语言学研究的空白。结合语料库语言学工具,编制了马男波杰克语料库,并从多模态角度对其引理进行了调查和分析。它出现了六次,每一季只出现一次,每次对话者都表达了强烈的情感,通常是对同名角色。脏话的使用为愤怒、失望或惊讶提供了一个发泄口,并创造了一种语言外的叙事框架,因为这部剧的编剧们对它的使用很经济。
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引用次数: 0
“Nobody Asked You to Nicker” – Monstration Slogans as a Speech Genre “没有人要求你去Nicker”-示范口号作为一种演讲类型
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.46539/gmd.v4i4.278
A. S. Krasnikova
The paper analyses the slogans of “Monstration”, a manifestation that was held for the first time in Novosibirsk in 2004 and has become an important social and cultural event in many other Russian cities as well as in some other countries. The corpus compiled by the author includes about 4000 slogans and allows, basing on the theory of speech genres, to highlight the main topics and structural features of this type of texts and to identify their similarities and differences with the slogans of political manifestations. The study proves that Monstration may be considered as a form of “linguistic self-defense” and could be compared with the linguistic resistance that existed in the Soviet Union: the totalitarian language that dominated the public sphere was opposed by the anti-totalitarian language used in the sphere of personal communication; and one of the main instruments of the anti-totalitarian linguistic self-defense was irony. It seems that in 2019, the totalitarian language in Russia was yet at such a stage of development that language resistance was relevant; however, it was feasible not only in private space (and the Internet), but also manifested itself in public space from time to time.
本文分析了2004年首次在新西伯利亚举行的“示威”口号,这一示威活动已成为俄罗斯许多其他城市以及其他一些国家的重要社会文化活动。笔者编制的语料库包含约4000个口号,根据言语体裁理论,可以突出这类文本的主要主题和结构特征,并识别其与政治表现形式口号的异同。研究证明,论证可以看作是一种“语言自卫”形式,可以与苏联存在的语言抵抗相比较:在公共领域占主导地位的极权主义语言受到个人传播领域使用的反极权主义语言的反对;反讽是反极权主义语言自卫的主要手段之一。似乎在2019年,俄罗斯的极权主义语言还处于这样一个发展阶段,语言抵抗是相关的;然而,它不仅在私人空间(和互联网)中是可行的,在公共空间中也不时地表现出来。
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引用次数: 0
#EndSARS Protest # EndSARS Protest
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.46539/gmd.v4i4.241
Kelvin Inobemhe, T. Santas
This paper “#EndSARS Protest: A Discourse on Impact of Digital Media on 21st Century Activism” examines the role of digital media in a new generation of activism with a critical assessment of the protest in Nigeria. Specifically, the paper expands on the meaning of social media activism, finds out ways digital media was deployed in mobilisation and management of the protest and also delves into how social media pose as challenge to activism within the context of series of anti-police brutality protests that took place in Nigeria. Specifically, the study looked at how, despite the failure of mainstream media in the country to give the movement prominence, technology (through social media) helped to encourage transnational activism and global solidarity with respect to #EndSARS. The paper relied on existing literature through the use of library research technique. It utilised the technological determinism theory – that served as its theoretical base or foundation. The paper found, among others, that digital media especially social media played significant roles in mobilisation and management of the protest. It also revealed that due to the power that digital platforms wield, authority may be tempted to introduce some form of regulations that may hinder their use. The paper concludes that, indeed, digital media have tremendous impact on 21st century activism in Nigeria. Therefore, the paper, among others, recommends that government must now realise the powers of communication and technology and therefore embark on constant communication with the people while also addressing pre-existing social ills in the country.
本文“#终结sars抗议:数位媒体对21世纪行动主义的影响”检视数位媒体在新一代行动主义中的角色,并批判性地评估奈及利亚的抗议。具体而言,本文扩展了社交媒体行动主义的含义,找出了在动员和管理抗议活动中部署数字媒体的方法,并深入研究了社交媒体如何在尼日利亚发生的一系列反警察暴行抗议活动的背景下对行动主义构成挑战。具体而言,该研究着眼于,尽管该国主流媒体未能突出这一运动,但技术(通过社交媒体)如何帮助鼓励跨国行动主义和全球团结一致,共同抗击#EndSARS。本文通过使用图书馆研究技术,以现有文献为基础。它利用了技术决定论理论——这是它的理论基础或基础。该论文发现,数字媒体,尤其是社交媒体,在动员和管理抗议活动中发挥了重要作用。报告还显示,由于数字平台拥有的权力,当局可能会试图引入某种形式的监管,这可能会阻碍它们的使用。文章的结论是,数字媒体确实对尼日利亚21世纪的行动主义产生了巨大影响。因此,除其他外,该论文建议政府现在必须认识到通信和技术的力量,因此必须与人民进行持续的沟通,同时也要解决该国存在的社会弊病。
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引用次数: 1
Scientists in Power in Science and Techno‑Utopias (“Flight of the Earth” and “The Transhumanist Wager”) 在科技乌托邦中掌权的科学家(“地球的飞行”和“超人类主义的赌注”)
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.46539/gmd.v4i4.287
S. Shibarshina
The article considers the social-political power of scientists and engineers in science fiction illustrated by F. Carsak’s “Flight of the Earth” and Z. Istvan’s “The Transhumanist Wager”. These novels depict scientists and engineers as full-fledged political agents possessing or sharing with others the supreme power and describe situations of conflicts between them and other social groups. The article focuses on how such utopias deal with scientists’ social responsibility and interactions between scientists and non-scientists. In F. Carsak’s novel, scientists form the social-political group of technas along with technicians and engineers. They behave in a noble, highly moral, hyper-responsible and self-sacrificing way. As for Z. Istvan, he empowers transhumanists who have taken over the world and founded a global technological society; yet, he says nothing about their social and ethical responsibility. Another most important component of the plot is the confrontation between scientists and “ordinary citizens”. The author finalizes her article with the following conclusions. First, both novels ignore the complex nature of scientists and engineers as social groups and of the intersection of interests between scientists and non-scientists. F. Carsak portrays the technas as a close-knit community, a collective consciousness endowed with organic solidarity and collective identity. Secondly, both novels are marked with a certain schematicity of the patterns, such as science vs religion, scientists as carriers of progress, etc. Third, both novels appear belletristic manifestos: “The Flight of the Earth” is full of philosophical optimism, while “The Transhumanist Wager” seems a manifesto of techno-scientific rationalism, ethical individualism and rational egoism.
本文以F. Carsak的《地球的飞行》和Z. Istvan的《超人类主义的赌注》为例,考察了科幻小说中科学家和工程师的社会政治权力。这些小说将科学家和工程师描绘成拥有或与他人分享最高权力的成熟的政治代理人,并描述了他们与其他社会群体之间的冲突情况。本文关注的是这些乌托邦如何处理科学家的社会责任以及科学家与非科学家之间的互动。在F. Carsak的小说中,科学家与技术人员和工程师一起构成了技术人员的社会政治群体。他们的行为高尚、道德高尚、高度负责、自我牺牲。至于Z. Istvan,他赋予了接管世界并建立全球技术社会的超人类主义者权力;然而,他对他们的社会和道德责任只字未提。故事情节的另一个重要组成部分是科学家和“普通公民”之间的对抗。作者以以下结论结束了她的文章。首先,两部小说都忽略了科学家和工程师作为社会群体的复杂性,以及科学家和非科学家之间利益交集的复杂性。F. Carsak将技术人员描绘成一个紧密结合的社区,一种被赋予有机团结和集体身份的集体意识。其次,两部小说都具有一定的模式图式,如科学vs宗教、科学家作为进步的载体等。第三,两部小说都是文学宣言:《地球的飞行》充满了哲学乐观主义,而《超人类主义的赌注》则是科技理性主义、伦理个人主义和理性利己主义的宣言。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Transformation of the Russian Historical Education 俄罗斯历史教育的数字化转型
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.46539/gmd.v4i4.350
E. Timofeeva, Anastasiya A. Dorofeeva
The modern Russian education system is on the path of digital modernization, which is accompanied by a paradigm shift in the choice of models of educational institutions, approaches to the management of the educational process, modification of learning conditions, innovations within the methodological arsenal of teachers, modern digital technologies are being introduced. Digital transformation or digitalization of education, along with computerization, individualization, etc., is one of the key trends in the development of the education sector. Undoubtedly, for the successful digital transformation of the educational system Russia needs to solve many tasks, both global (logistics, upgrading professional competencies, stimulating the development of educational IT technologies, etc.) and local. Among the local, but no less significant, tasks is the search for digital learning tools that can improve the effectiveness of the educational environment. It is necessary to answer the question: how is it possible to train qualified specialists basing on digital educational tools? In this article, the authors consider the use of machine learning technology in successful educational practices, as well as highlight “digital products” tested by teachers of the Department of History of Astrakhan State University. Digital transformation of education is considered by the authors of the article in relation to the economic development of the country, The Caspian region and the Astrakhan region, which characterizes the features of the “state order” in the educational sphere.
现代俄罗斯教育系统正走在数字化现代化的道路上,这伴随着教育机构模式选择的范式转变,教育过程管理方法的改变,学习条件的改变,教师方法论的创新,现代数字技术的引入。教育的数字化转型或数字化与计算机化、个性化等一起是教育领域发展的主要趋势之一。毫无疑问,为了成功实现教育系统的数字化转型,俄罗斯需要解决许多任务,包括全球任务(物流、提升专业能力、刺激教育IT技术的发展等)和本地任务。在当地,但同样重要的任务是寻找能够提高教育环境有效性的数字学习工具。有必要回答这样一个问题:如何在数字教育工具的基础上培养合格的专家?在本文中,作者考虑了机器学习技术在成功教育实践中的应用,并重点介绍了阿斯特拉罕国立大学历史系教师测试的“数字产品”。文章的作者认为教育的数字化转型与该国,里海地区和阿斯特拉罕地区的经济发展有关,这体现了教育领域“国家秩序”的特征。
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引用次数: 1
Speedrunner as a Virtual Naturalist 作为虚拟博物学家的极速赛车手
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.46539/gmd.v4i4.299
V. V. Kirichenko
The paper is devoted to the issue of virtual naturalism in computer games, in particular, to such a gaming phenomenon as speedrunning. The author of the study analyzes the essence of speedrunning as a special type of cybersport, as well as a form of counterplay that arose in the minds of gamers around the 1990s. Particular attention is paid to the concept of virtual naturalism, which manifests itself in speed running and can be understood as a form of empirical and materialistic study by gamers of various games and their affordances. The purpose of the work is to establish the features of speedrunning as a research and critical practice, similar to some types of academic analysis, but with different tasks. The central place is occupied by the problem of gamers’ experience during the actualization of speedrunning activity, in which speedrunners study the nature of computer game and call into question game design principles and manipulations, leading to some resistance to artificial prohibitions. This form of confrontation, revealed in different types of speedruns, shows certain nuances of the existence of virtual worlds, which makes it possible to better understand the functioning of computer games as modern cultural artifacts. In result, a conclusion is made about the significance of such borderline phenomena as speedrunning and the need for further study of the counterplay practics.
这篇论文致力于讨论电脑游戏中的虚拟自然主义问题,特别是像竞速这样的游戏现象。该研究的作者分析了极速竞速作为一种特殊类型的电子竞技的本质,以及20世纪90年代左右出现在玩家脑海中的一种反击形式。我们特别关注虚拟自然主义的概念,它体现在速度奔跑中,可以被理解为各种游戏的玩家及其启示的一种经验主义和唯物主义研究形式。这项工作的目的是建立快速奔跑作为一种研究和批判实践的特征,类似于某些类型的学术分析,但具有不同的任务。核心问题是玩家在实现极速竞速活动过程中的体验问题,极速竞速者研究电脑游戏的本质,并对游戏设计原则和操作提出质疑,导致对人为禁令的一些抵制。这种形式的对抗,在不同类型的速度游戏中表现出来,显示了虚拟世界存在的某些细微差别,这使得人们有可能更好地理解电脑游戏作为现代文化产物的功能。在此基础上,提出了快速跑速这一边缘性现象的研究意义和进一步研究对策的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Laughter Protest 笑声抗议
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.46539/gmd.v4i4.273
Y. N. Alisievich
The subject of this study is contemporary conceptions of laughter protest as it relates to trends in political communication and activism. Through conceptual and comparative analysis, we explore the role of the comical in social and political protest in order to formulate a kind of research framework for this type of resistance and to generalize models and tools for analyzing laughter protest practices and actions. Underlining the paradoxical nature of the comic – namely, its intention to preserve and simultaneously undermine the existing order – we show the specificity and functions of laughter in resistance, and what the optics of humor analysis in contemporary protest practices might be. The outcome of this research is a generalization of the functions and “methods of action” of the comical in political resistance, as well as key concepts and notions that enable us to interpret instances of the use of comic tactics by protesters. Thus, we classified identification, differentiation, control, and resistance as functions, while the list of concepts included play, carnival, nonviolence, cultural silencing, utopian imagination, and the optics of social movements. Using the example of interpretation in the DOXA’s “Auction of Words”, we examined the possibilities of the proposed framework of analysis. The article is addressed to researchers in various fields of humanitarian knowledge, as well as to a wide range of readers interested in the problems of activism, humor, and protest movements.
本研究的主题是当代笑抗议的概念,因为它与政治传播和行动主义的趋势有关。通过概念分析和比较分析,我们探讨了喜剧在社会和政治抗议中的作用,以便为这类抵抗制定一种研究框架,并归纳出分析笑声抗议实践和行动的模型和工具。我们强调了喜剧自相矛盾的本质——也就是说,它的意图是维护和同时破坏现有秩序——我们展示了笑在抵抗中的特殊性和功能,以及当代抗议实践中幽默分析的光可能是什么。本研究的结果是对喜剧在政治抵抗中的作用和“行动方法”的概括,以及使我们能够解释抗议者使用喜剧策略的实例的关键概念和概念。因此,我们将认同、分化、控制和抵抗分类为功能,而概念列表包括游戏、狂欢、非暴力、文化沉默、乌托邦想象和社会运动的光学。以DOXA的“文字拍卖”中的解释为例,我们考察了提出的分析框架的可能性。本文面向人道主义知识各个领域的研究人员,以及对行动主义、幽默和抗议运动问题感兴趣的广大读者。
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引用次数: 0
An Epistemic Trend or a Digital Pitfall? De‑Westernizing Media and Communication Studies in Digital China 认知趋势还是数字陷阱?数字中国的去西化媒体与传播研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.46539/gmd.v4i4.288
Nairui Xu, Lixiong Chen, Zizheng Yu, Xiaoni Zhu
Governments hiding facts and truth from the public seems to have become a common phenomenon, especially during the social crisis in China. The practice of the public using various media to express dissent and opinions, to overcome government censorship, appears to contribute to freedom of speech. Inspired by widespread online articles during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, this paper argues that the flaws in this logic are the dualism, which digital media created (pro-democracy vs authoritarian; freedom vs control), in understanding media in China. By borrowing the discussion of the de-westernization of media and communication studies, the paper argues that the introduction of digital media makes de-westernized studies in China harder because it prompts us to think “digitally.”
政府向公众隐瞒事实和真相似乎已经成为一种普遍现象,特别是在中国的社会危机中。公众利用各种媒体表达不同意见和意见,以克服政府审查的做法,似乎有助于言论自由。受2020年COVID-19大流行期间网上广泛流传的文章的启发,本文认为,这种逻辑的缺陷在于数字媒体创造的二元论(民主vs威权;自由vs控制),理解中国的媒体。本文借用媒体与传播学的“去西方化”讨论,认为数字媒体的引入使中国的“去西方化”研究更加困难,因为它促使我们进行“数字化”思考。
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引用次数: 1
Verbal Aggression in Statements Made by the Authorities (based on materials from the “Word of the Year” contests) 官方声明中的言语攻击(基于“年度词汇”竞赛的材料)
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.46539/gmd.v4i4.270
A. V. Kornienko
This paper sets out the results of a sociolinguistic study of statements made by representatives of the modern Russian political elite, based on materials drawn from Russia’s annual “Word of the Year” competition. The acuteness of the problem of a lack of direct bilateral dialogue between government and society advances the academic task of analyzing the discourse of power and defining its key characteristics, so as to assess the readiness of leading politicians to either establish such a public dialogue, or completely abandon it. The research focused on the phenomenon of verbal aggression and its quest in the statements made by those in power as the paramount verbal attitude, testifying against any orientation towards constructive communication with all parts of society. Semantic analysis of lexical units which have won the “Word of the Year” competition in recent years (words, expressions, phrases extracted from the discourse of power) found indicators of verbal aggression. The statements of the authorities are characterized by the WE/THEY opposition, contraposing Russia to the West, military vocabulary, the contraposition of OURS/THEIRS, pointing to the search for internal “enemies”, substantive and evaluative opposition to the power of the people, sometimes in the form of morally offensive expressions. The results of the analysis indicate the rejection by the authorities of the principle of dialogue and the verbal aggression that arises from this rejection, leading to an increase in social tension in a society divided through the efforts of the political elite into evaluatively polarised “Ours” and “the Others”.
本文列出了一项社会语言学研究的结果,该研究基于俄罗斯年度“年度词汇”竞赛的材料,对现代俄罗斯政治精英代表的言论进行了研究。政府与社会之间缺乏直接的双边对话这一尖锐问题,推动了分析权力话语并界定其关键特征的学术任务,从而评估主要政治家是否愿意建立这种公共对话,或者完全放弃这种对话。这项研究的重点是语言攻击现象,以及在掌权者的言论中寻求语言攻击,这是最重要的语言态度,反对任何与社会各部分进行建设性沟通的倾向。对近年来赢得“年度词汇”竞赛的词汇单位(从权力话语中提取的单词、表达、短语)进行语义分析,发现了言语攻击的迹象。当局的声明的特点是WE/THEY的反对,反对俄罗斯与西方,军事词汇,我们的/他们的对立,指向寻找内部“敌人”,对人民权力的实质性和评价性反对,有时以道德冒犯的形式表达。分析的结果表明,当局拒绝对话的原则以及这种拒绝所产生的口头攻击,导致社会的社会紧张局势加剧,因为政治精英的努力在评价上分为两极分化的“我们的”和“他者”。
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引用次数: 0
Representation of Urban Myth-Making in Social Media 都市神话制造在社交媒体中的表现
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.46539/gmd.v4i4.301
Darya V. Meretina, I. Kucheruk
The article is devoted to the problems of representation of urban myth-making in social networks. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the representation of urban myth-making in social networks on the example of myth-making activity in the cities of the Volga region. As part of the research, materials published in groups of the VKontakte social network over the past 10 years were studied. In the article, urban myth-making is understood as the process of creating legends reflecting the historical and cultural peculiarity of a particular city. As a result of this research, common characteristic features and distinctive qualities of the myth-making of the cities of the Volga region were identified, directly related to their history, the contingent of the population and the type of its activity. When analyzing the material of the social network, it was revealed that the development of urban myth-making bears the imprint of the peculiarities of the perception of historical events, urban objects, and specific personalities by the population, which are reflected in the images of local legends created. The article is addressed to researchers of the humanitarian field of myth-making activity, as well as to a wide audience of readers interested in this topic.
这篇文章致力于探讨城市神话在社交网络中的再现问题。本研究的目的是以伏尔加地区城市神话制造活动为例,确定社会网络中城市神话制造的具体表现形式。作为研究的一部分,研究人员研究了社交网络VKontakte在过去10年里发布的群体资料。在本文中,城市神话的创造被理解为创造反映特定城市历史文化特点的传说的过程。通过这一研究,我们发现了伏尔加河地区城市神话创作的共同特征和独特品质,这些特征与它们的历史、人口的组成和活动类型直接相关。通过对社会网络材料的分析发现,城市神话制作的发展带有人群对历史事件、城市物体和特定人物感知的特殊性的印记,这些特殊性反映在所创造的地方传说形象上。这篇文章是写给神话制造活动的人道主义领域的研究人员,以及对这个主题感兴趣的广大读者。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies
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