Zhonghua fang she xue za zhi Chinese journal of radiology最新文献

Investigation and measurement of the radiation dose level of routine X-ray diagnostic examinations were carried out on the spot, the results were as follows: Radiation dose of routine radiography: chest 0.258-1.032 x 10(-4) c/kg (0.1-0.4R); spinal and abdomen 0.774-1.806 x 10(-4) c/kg (0.3-0.7R); skull 0.774-1.032 x 10(-4) c/kg (0.3-0.4R) and gastrointestinal study 2.58-7.74 x 10(-4) c/kg (1-3R). Experiments employing different kV and mAs, and radiation exposure on 12-18 mm A1 phantoms while measuring the radiation dose and film density showed that radiation dose can be substantially reduced by improving the quality of X-ray beam for instance with the routine radiographic parameters for the chest, if the voltage is increased by 20 kV, radiation dose can be reduced to 65% or an additional 2 mm A1 filter can also reduce the dose to 60-65%.

Pericardial mesothelioma is an uncommon variety of primary malignant cardio-pericardial tumors. Four cases with pericardial mesothelioma proved by surgery and pathology are reported in this paper. The pathologic and clinical characteristics, and the imaging diagnosis of this entity are briefly discussed.

The CT findings of 207 acoustic neuroma in cerebellopontine angle from 204 cases verified by operation and pathology were analysed. The following characteristics are found helpful to determine the nature of the tumor: (1) on plain scan the tumor either presents as a homogeneous isodense or slightly hypodense lesion, or as a hypodense and isodense mixed density lesion. (2) The margin of the lesion is not well defined before contrast enhancement, and it becomes clearly marginated with smooth or lobulated contour after enhancement. (3) The enhancement of a solid tumor is homogeneous or slightly inhomogeneous, but in a tumor with cystic change the enhancement is inhomogeneous or ring-like (single ring or multiple rings). (4) The center of tumor growth is located at the inner outlet of internal auditory canal. (5) The tumor attaches to the petrous bone with an acute angle. (6) The internal auditory canal is enlarged or eroded. In the differential diagnosis, usually meningioma should be considered, if the tumor is solid; and cholesteatoma and arachnoid cyst should be ruled out, if the tumor is mainly cystic.

Myodil-myelographic manifestations of 60 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy were analyzed. For better understanding the biomechanical disturbances of cervical spondylosis, CT scans of 26 cases of this disease were also investigated. Myelography and/or CT were considered necessary if surgical procedure was to be undertaken with anterior approach. Myodil myelography or CT could fulfill the diagnostic requirements for surgery if Non-ionic water-soluble contrast media or other new techniques were not available.

128 cases of AVM studied by cerebroangiography were analysed. All were confirmed by operation and pathology. Based on the feeding arteries, draining veins and malformed vessels, the authors analysed the hemodynamics of AVM and divided them into six types. This classification will be of benefit to the surgeon. In this article the associated cerebral aneurysm and blood supply from meningeal arteries were also discussed. The CT findings of AVM as well as various diagnostic imaging methods used were described.

51 cases of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE) diagnosed by CT were reviewed, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CT in SAE were discussed. The pathologic basis of SAE is thought to be arteriosclerotic changes in small penetrating cerebral arteries, which cannot be seen directly by CT, however, the resulting histo-pathologic alterations which include widespread patchy areas of demyelination and small infarcts could be demonstrated on CT image. It is surmised by the authors that these changes in white matter seen on CT are responsible for clinical deterioration of the patients.

In order to evaluate the usefulness of CT in CWP, 100 coal workers were examined with both chest radiograph and CT scan. Comparison was done, the result indicated that both modalities yielded similar sensitivity to simple CWP. The CT score of simple CWP correlated well with ILO classification and 1986 Chinese criteria for staging of pneumoconiosis, whereas in complicated CWP, the CT scan was significantly superior to chest radiograph. CT scan identified readily large opacities. It could detect large opacities in 40% of simple CWP diagnosed on the basis of chest radiograph. CT scan also identified more cavities and calcifications within large opacities. The CT attenuation values were less reliable. The authors were of the opinion that at present CT attenuation values is not recommended for routine evaluation of CWP.

121 patients with isolated VSD were investigated by left ventriculography in long axial oblique projections at Xinhua hospital. In this group, 26 cases (21%) had conal septal defects, one (1%) had a muscular VSD and 94 (78%) membranous VSD. Among the 94 patients, 41 cases (44%) had membranous ventricular septal aneurysm. The angiocardiographic manifestations, pathology, associated left ventricular-right atrial shunt of membranous septal aneurysm and the differential diagnosis were discussed.

Of 541 patients with selective arteriography or arterial embolization there were 16 cases developing clinically significant complications, 9(1.6%) were related to arteriography, 2 of which were pronounced hematomas at the puncture site and 7 subintimal injections in various selected arteries. 7(11.6%) complications occurred in a total of 60 cases of arterial embolization, among which there were 1 accidental embolization of the brain, 5 unexpected ischemic changes resulting in even dry gangrene and 1 vascular injury by the embolizing substance. The causes and hazards as well as prevention and management of the complications were briefly discussed.

The value of omnipaque myelography and CT myelography in 77 cases of intraspinal space-occupying lesions (51 extramedullary and 26 intramedullary confirmed by operation) was reviewed. In 69 cases the preoperative diagnosis was accurate, but not in the other 8 cases. It is not advisable according to the authors' experience to have both myelography and postmyelography CT scan done for all intraspinal space-occupying lesions. For most of the extramedullary tumors, myelography alone proved to be adequate. For intramedullary lesions the information obtained from myelography was inconclusive and postmyelography CT scan as a supplementary procedure was necessary.