Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17721/2524-048x.2019.14.147-169
A. Tertychna
The article analyses achievements of the General consulate and honorary consulates of Ukraine in Bulgaria in the field of public and cultural diplomacy, their contribution towards shaping a positive image of Ukraine among the Bulgarian people and intercultural communication between the Ukrainian and Bulgarian people. It focuses on the public activities of the Consulate General of Ukraine in Varna that operated from 2002 till 2014 as well as on the cultural diplomacy activities of the Honorary Consuls of Ukraine in Burgas, Plovdiv and Ruse. It analyses international agreements regulating the activities of the General consulate and honorary consulates in the area of cultural and humanitarian exchange. The article identifies priority areas of support for interliterary, musical and theatrical exchange, which have become dominant in the honorary consulates’ activities. It is important to highlight the assistance of the Honorary Consuls with consolidation and operation of the Ukrainian community in Bulgaria and in uniting the Ukrainian youth. It has been found that the activities of the Honorary Consuls of Ukraine to Bulgaria prove that it is important to appoint to such positions people who have relevant experience in establishing business contacts with the Ukrainian partners and wish to promote presentation of the Ukrainian cultural heritage in Bulgaria. The study shows that each Honorary Consul of Ukraine to Bulgaria is currently mostly independent in determining priority areas of development of intercultural contacts between Ukraine and Bulgaria. It also shows a difference in the qualitative and quantitative indicators of their performance in this area as well as in the content of the Ukrainian cultural products. In this regard, it may be relevant to strengthen coordination and leverage on the resources of the honorary consulates of Ukraine in their cooperation with public institutions that are responsible for popularization of the Ukrainian culture abroad. In addition, the honorary consulates can become additional tools in promoting the activities of the Ukrainian Institute established in 2018.
{"title":"General consulate and honorary consulates of Ukraine in Bulgaria: contribution to development of public diplomacy","authors":"A. Tertychna","doi":"10.17721/2524-048x.2019.14.147-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.14.147-169","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses achievements of the General consulate and honorary consulates of Ukraine in Bulgaria in the field of public and cultural diplomacy, their contribution towards shaping a positive image of Ukraine among the Bulgarian people and intercultural communication between the Ukrainian and Bulgarian people. It focuses on the public activities of the Consulate General of Ukraine in Varna that operated from 2002 till 2014 as well as on the cultural diplomacy activities of the Honorary Consuls of Ukraine in Burgas, Plovdiv and Ruse. It analyses international agreements regulating the activities of the General consulate and honorary consulates in the area of cultural and humanitarian exchange. The article identifies priority areas of support for interliterary, musical and theatrical exchange, which have become dominant in the honorary consulates’ activities. It is important to highlight the assistance of the Honorary Consuls with consolidation and operation of the Ukrainian community in Bulgaria and in uniting the Ukrainian youth.\u0000\u0000It has been found that the activities of the Honorary Consuls of Ukraine to Bulgaria prove that it is important to appoint to such positions people who have relevant experience in establishing business contacts with the Ukrainian partners and wish to promote presentation of the Ukrainian cultural heritage in Bulgaria. The study shows that each Honorary Consul of Ukraine to Bulgaria is currently mostly independent in determining priority areas of development of intercultural contacts between Ukraine and Bulgaria. It also shows a difference in the qualitative and quantitative indicators of their performance in this area as well as in the content of the Ukrainian cultural products. In this regard, it may be relevant to strengthen coordination and leverage on the resources of the honorary consulates of Ukraine in their cooperation with public institutions that are responsible for popularization of the Ukrainian culture abroad. In addition, the honorary consulates can become additional tools in promoting the activities of the Ukrainian Institute established in 2018.","PeriodicalId":394953,"journal":{"name":"European Historical Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126385650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17721/2524-048x.2021.20.2
M. Mironova
The article deals with examining the EU main approaches on crisis management and conflict prevention on the example of the Eastern Partnership countries, internal and external factors that affect implementation of the EU activities in Eastern Europe and South Caucasus, implications for the EU and the region. The EU has a unique experience of activities in all crisis phases: early warning, mediation, deployment of EU missions and operations in conflict areas, post-conflict peacebuilding (stabilisation, reconstruction and reconciliation). The EU’s comprehensive and integrated approach towards crisis management includes a package of mixed political-military measures with focus on civilian component of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The strategic autonomy outlined as the guideline in the EU Global Strategy 2016 is an impetus for the EU more active and distinct role as a security actor, for enhancing its institutional and operational capabilities in the area of crisis regulation. Though there is a lack of EU capacity as a security provider in case of protracted conflicts in Eastern partner countries. The EU has sought to avoid direct involvement in conflict settlement: there aren’t any efficient mechanisms of it within the European Neighborhood Policy and Eastern Partnership initiative. The determining factors of the EU’s approach to conflict resolution in Easter Europe are: absence of direct military threats and less challenges comparing to Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region; lack of political will and unity, multi-vector member-states’ policy; external influence of other actors, mainly Russia, unwillingness of the EU member-states to be engaged in geopolitical tensions with it. The regional security deficit requires more active and efficient EU engagement as a security provider in settling the protracted conflicts. The relevant measures should be: establishment of security compact within the Eastern Partnership initiative, deployment of additional missions in the region, coordination of activities with the OSCE, US and NATO.
{"title":"THE EU’S APPROACH TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES","authors":"M. Mironova","doi":"10.17721/2524-048x.2021.20.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.20.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with examining the EU main approaches on crisis management and conflict prevention on the example of the Eastern Partnership countries, internal and external factors that affect implementation of the EU activities in Eastern Europe and South Caucasus, implications for the EU and the region. The EU has a unique experience of activities in all crisis phases: early warning, mediation, deployment of EU missions and operations in conflict areas, post-conflict peacebuilding (stabilisation, reconstruction and reconciliation). The EU’s comprehensive and integrated approach towards crisis management includes a package of mixed political-military measures with focus on civilian component of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The strategic autonomy outlined as the guideline in the EU Global Strategy 2016 is an impetus for the EU more active and distinct role as a security actor, for enhancing its institutional and operational capabilities in the area of crisis regulation. Though there is a lack of EU capacity as a security provider in case of protracted conflicts in Eastern partner countries. The EU has sought to avoid direct involvement in conflict settlement: there aren’t any efficient mechanisms of it within the European Neighborhood Policy and Eastern Partnership initiative. The determining factors of the EU’s approach to conflict resolution in Easter Europe are: absence of direct military threats and less challenges comparing to Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region; lack of political will and unity, multi-vector member-states’ policy; external influence of other actors, mainly Russia, unwillingness of the EU member-states to be engaged in geopolitical tensions with it. The regional security deficit requires more active and efficient EU engagement as a security provider in settling the protracted conflicts. The relevant measures should be: establishment of security compact within the Eastern Partnership initiative, deployment of additional missions in the region, coordination of activities with the OSCE, US and NATO.","PeriodicalId":394953,"journal":{"name":"European Historical Studies","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125745065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17721/2524-048x.2021.20.6
O. Kupchyk
The article reveals the international cooperation of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University with scientific and educational institutions of the countries of the Socialist bloc in 1964–1975. The visits of the leadership of the universities of Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany to Kyiv University to get acquainted with the organization of scientific, educational and pedagogical work, as well as the visits of rectors, vice-rectors, deans of the faculties of Kyiv University with a similar purpose to the universities of the Socialist bloc are mentioned. It is noted about the establishment of faculties and departments of Kyiv University international cooperation by concluding agreements with faculties and departments of universities of the countries of the Socialist bloc.The participation of scientific and scientific-pedagogical workers of the university in conferences, seminars, congresses, symposiums of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania is revealed. Topics of lectures and scientific reports at Kyiv University of German, Czechoslovak, Polish, Hungarian teachers and scholars are covered. It is informed about joint research projects of scientists of the Kyiv University with colleagues from the universities of Prague, Bratislava, Brno, Krakow, Leipzig, Debrecen. It is said that scientists and teachers of Kyiv University published articles in journals of the countries of the Socialist bloc. Instead, scholars and teachers from these countries published in the journal of Kyiv University. The topic of foreign internship is revealed. It is noted that Soviet students underwent internships in East Germany, Poland, and Hungary. It is informed that Czechoslovakian, Polish, Bulgarian and other students studied at the graduate school of Kyiv University, where they prepared and successfully defended their dissertations. The international book exchange was mentioned. It’s told about the cooperation of youth organizations, in particular about «building detachments» of Soviet students to Leipzig and Krakow. International sports competitions are mentioned. It is noted about the dynamic growth in Kyiv University during 1971–1975’s the number of students from the countries of the Socialist bloc.
{"title":"TARAS SHEVCHENKO KYIV STATE UNIVERSITY’S INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION WITH SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THE COUNTRIES OF SOCIALIST BLOC IN 1964–1975","authors":"O. Kupchyk","doi":"10.17721/2524-048x.2021.20.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.20.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the international cooperation of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University with scientific and educational institutions of the countries of the Socialist bloc in 1964–1975. The visits of the leadership of the universities of Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany to Kyiv University to get acquainted with the organization of scientific, educational and pedagogical work, as well as the visits of rectors, vice-rectors, deans of the faculties of Kyiv University with a similar purpose to the universities of the Socialist bloc are mentioned. It is noted about the establishment of faculties and departments of Kyiv University international cooperation by concluding agreements with faculties and departments of universities of the countries of the Socialist bloc.The participation of scientific and scientific-pedagogical workers of the university in conferences, seminars, congresses, symposiums of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania is revealed. Topics of lectures and scientific reports at Kyiv University of German, Czechoslovak, Polish, Hungarian teachers and scholars are covered. It is informed about joint research projects of scientists of the Kyiv University with colleagues from the universities of Prague, Bratislava, Brno, Krakow, Leipzig, Debrecen. It is said that scientists and teachers of Kyiv University published articles in journals of the countries of the Socialist bloc. Instead, scholars and teachers from these countries published in the journal of Kyiv University. The topic of foreign internship is revealed. It is noted that Soviet students underwent internships in East Germany, Poland, and Hungary. It is informed that Czechoslovakian, Polish, Bulgarian and other students studied at the graduate school of Kyiv University, where they prepared and successfully defended their dissertations. The international book exchange was mentioned. It’s told about the cooperation of youth organizations, in particular about «building detachments» of Soviet students to Leipzig and Krakow. International sports competitions are mentioned. It is noted about the dynamic growth in Kyiv University during 1971–1975’s the number of students from the countries of the Socialist bloc.","PeriodicalId":394953,"journal":{"name":"European Historical Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126879318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.07
Yи. Котляр Kotlyar
The current paper is aimed at exploring the level of theoretical understanding of the historical memory concept. The researcher considers the phenomenon of historical memory in the historical-scientific context, including studies of leading European (Р. Nora, P. Ricoeur, J. Rüsen, M. Halbwachs) and Ukrainian scientists (P. Verbytska, Ya. Hrytsak, Ya. Dashkevych, L. Zashkilniak, H. Kasianov, A. Kyrydon, L. Nahorna, M. Riabchuk, N. Yakovenko). The problem of historical memory has a wide field of interest in the modern scientific literature. Not only historians and political scientists, but also philosophers, sociologists, culturologists, linguists join the study of such a complex phenomenon. The paper explores the phenomenon of historical memory, its role and place in the system of social values. The culture of historical memory, mechanisms of functioning and interrelation of historical memory and national / regional identity are analyzed by using European experience to understand the connection between the past, present and future. The comprehension of historical memory takes place within different sciences and, depending on it, acquires a characteristic theoretical coloring. In the context of historical research, there is a clear understanding of the order that exists between the past, present and future. Moreover, historical memory not only establishes a causal connection from the past to the future through the present, but also influences the evaluative characteristics of the past and the retrospective vision of our present. Historical memory is «genetically» programmed for evaluation. It is characterized not only by recollection and reproduction, but also by a kind of reflex of perception or non-perception, approval or condemnation. Therefore, every historical fact becomes the object of meticulous analysis. Historical memory is not history, but a form of representation of the past that historians explore.
本文旨在探讨历史记忆概念的理论认识水平。研究人员考虑了历史科学背景下的历史记忆现象，包括欧洲领先的研究(Р。诺拉，P. Ricoeur, J. r森，M. Halbwachs)和乌克兰科学家(P. Verbytska, Ya。Hrytsak,丫。Dashkevych, L. Zashkilniak, H. Kasianov, A. Kyrydon, L. Nahorna, M. Riabchuk, N. Yakovenko)。历史记忆问题在现代科学文献中有着广泛的研究领域。不仅历史学家和政治学家，而且哲学家、社会学家、文化学家、语言学家也加入了对这一复杂现象的研究。本文探讨了历史记忆现象及其在社会价值体系中的作用和地位。历史记忆的文化、功能机制和历史记忆与国家/地区认同的相互关系，通过使用欧洲的经验来理解过去、现在和未来之间的联系。对历史记忆的理解发生在不同的科学中，并依赖于它获得了一种独特的理论色彩。在历史研究的背景下，对过去、现在和未来之间存在的秩序有一个清晰的认识。此外，历史记忆不仅通过现在建立了从过去到未来的因果联系，而且还影响了过去的评价特征和我们对现在的回顾视野。历史记忆是“遗传的”用于评估的程序。它不仅具有回忆和再现的特征，而且具有一种感知或非感知、赞同或谴责的反射。因此，每一个历史事实都成为细致分析的对象。历史记忆不是历史，而是历史学家探索的对过去的一种表现形式。
{"title":"Historical memory and historical science: European and Ukrainian discourses","authors":"Yи. Котляр Kotlyar","doi":"10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.07","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper is aimed at exploring the level of theoretical understanding of the historical memory concept. The researcher considers the phenomenon of historical memory in the historical-scientific context, including studies of leading European (Р. Nora, P. Ricoeur, J. Rüsen, M. Halbwachs) and Ukrainian scientists (P. Verbytska, Ya. Hrytsak, Ya. Dashkevych, L. Zashkilniak, H. Kasianov, A. Kyrydon, L. Nahorna, M. Riabchuk, N. Yakovenko).\u0000The problem of historical memory has a wide field of interest in the modern scientific literature. Not only historians and political scientists, but also philosophers, sociologists, culturologists, linguists join the study of such a complex phenomenon. The paper explores the phenomenon of historical memory, its role and place in the system of social values. The culture of historical memory, mechanisms of functioning and interrelation of historical memory and national / regional identity are analyzed by using European experience to understand the connection between the past, present and future.\u0000The comprehension of historical memory takes place within different sciences and, depending on it, acquires a characteristic theoretical coloring. In the context of historical research, there is a clear understanding of the order that exists between the past, present and future. Moreover, historical memory not only establishes a causal connection from the past to the future through the present, but also influences the evaluative characteristics of the past and the retrospective vision of our present. Historical memory is «genetically» programmed for evaluation. It is characterized not only by recollection and reproduction, but also by a kind of reflex of perception or non-perception, approval or condemnation. Therefore, every historical fact becomes the object of meticulous analysis. Historical memory is not history, but a form of representation of the past that historians explore.","PeriodicalId":394953,"journal":{"name":"European Historical Studies","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115566987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17721/2524-048x.2021.19.7
O. Ponypaliak
he article considers the policy of Nazi Germany in the occupied Crimea during 1941-1944. The study aims to study and analyze the features of the Nazi occupation regime on the territory of the Crimean peninsula. The author analyzes the plans of the Nazi leadership for the future of the Crimean peninsula in the postwar strategy of Berlin to the occupied territories, considers the main approaches in the implementation ofthe Generalplan OST. The basic concepts of the future position of the Crimean peninsula in the geostrategic calculations of the Third Reich are reflected. In particular, the plans of the Minister for the Eastern Occupied Territories A. Rosenberg, the calculations of the General Commissioner of “Tavria” A. Fraunfeld, the leader of the Nazi Labor Front R. Leigh, and future plans for the fate of the peninsula leader of the Third Reich – A. Hitler. The repressions against the local population and the attitude of the German administration to certain ethnic and political groups, in particular, to the Crimean Tatars, Russians, Ukrainians, and Crimean Tatars, were studied. The article reflects the activities of Einsatzgruppe D and its sounding teams in the Crimea. The consequences of ethnic cleansing of the Nazis in the Crimea are generalized and the course and features of the Holocaust on the territory of the peninsula are described. The issue of relations between the Crimean Tatars and the German occupation administration is covered separately. The course of hostilities for the Crimean peninsula is analyzed, the main milestones of the German-Soviet armed struggle for the Crimea are described. Revealing the issue in the context of hostilities between the Wehrmacht and the Red Army, the author attempted to explain the difficult position of the peninsula in the administrative structure of the occupiers and the main reasons for its long rule directly by the German military command. The aspect of administrative and territorial subordination of Crimea during the occupation has been studied. In general, the author made an attempt to comprehensively consider the policy of the Nazis in the Crimea in its various aspects and planes.
{"title":"THE POLICY OF NAZI GERMANY ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA (1941 – 1944)","authors":"O. Ponypaliak","doi":"10.17721/2524-048x.2021.19.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.19.7","url":null,"abstract":"he article considers the policy of Nazi Germany in the occupied Crimea during 1941-1944. The study aims to study and analyze the features of the Nazi occupation regime on the territory of the Crimean peninsula. The author analyzes the plans of the Nazi leadership for the future of the Crimean peninsula in the postwar strategy of Berlin to the occupied territories, considers the main approaches in the implementation ofthe Generalplan OST. The basic concepts of the future position of the Crimean peninsula in the geostrategic calculations of the Third Reich are reflected. In particular, the plans of the Minister for the Eastern Occupied Territories A. Rosenberg, the calculations of the General Commissioner of “Tavria” A. Fraunfeld, the leader of the Nazi Labor Front R. Leigh, and future plans for the fate of the peninsula leader of the Third Reich – A. Hitler. The repressions against the local population and the attitude of the German administration to certain ethnic and political groups, in particular, to the Crimean Tatars, Russians, Ukrainians, and Crimean Tatars, were studied. The article reflects the activities of Einsatzgruppe D and its sounding teams in the Crimea. The consequences of ethnic cleansing of the Nazis in the Crimea are generalized and the course and features of the Holocaust on the territory of the peninsula are described.\u0000\u0000The issue of relations between the Crimean Tatars and the German occupation administration is covered separately. The course of hostilities for the Crimean peninsula is analyzed, the main milestones of the German-Soviet armed struggle for the Crimea are described. Revealing the issue in the context of hostilities between the Wehrmacht and the Red Army, the author attempted to explain the difficult position of the peninsula in the administrative structure of the occupiers and the main reasons for its long rule directly by the German military command. The aspect of administrative and territorial subordination of Crimea during the occupation has been studied. In general, the author made an attempt to comprehensively consider the policy of the Nazis in the Crimea in its various aspects and planes.","PeriodicalId":394953,"journal":{"name":"European Historical Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133171180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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