Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.116348
J. Grigg
The Black Rood of Scotland was a Christian royal reliquary intimately connected to the secular realm of medieval warfare and the bitter skirmishes between the Scots and English. While no longer ext...
{"title":"The black rood of Scotland: A social and political life","authors":"J. Grigg","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.116348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.116348","url":null,"abstract":"The Black Rood of Scotland was a Christian royal reliquary intimately connected to the secular realm of medieval warfare and the bitter skirmishes between the Scots and English. While no longer ext...","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87082805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.115979
B. Bachrach
William the Conqueror won a decisive victory over the Anglo-Saxons at Hastings on 14 October 1066. The English army largely was destroyed and the leadership, e.g. King Harold and his brothers, was ...
{"title":"William the Conqueror’s March on London: A Logistical Analysis","authors":"B. Bachrach","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.115979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.115979","url":null,"abstract":"William the Conqueror won a decisive victory over the Anglo-Saxons at Hastings on 14 October 1066. The English army largely was destroyed and the leadership, e.g. King Harold and his brothers, was ...","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85152933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.115324
Marijke Crab
The present article offers a close study of three successive editions of Suetonius’s Lives of the Twelve Caesars printed in the Basle Officina Henricpetrina between 1537 and 1560. Though conspicuou...
本文对1537年至1560年间在巴塞尔官方出版社(Basle Officina Henricpetrina)出版的苏顿纽斯(Suetonius)的《十二凯撒传》(Lives of The Twelve Caesars)的三个连续版本进行了仔细研究。尽管conspicuou……
{"title":"Henricus Petri's Editions of Suetonius. Printing and Commenting the Lives of the Twelve Caesars in Sixteenth-Century Basle","authors":"Marijke Crab","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.115324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.115324","url":null,"abstract":"The present article offers a close study of three successive editions of Suetonius’s Lives of the Twelve Caesars printed in the Basle Officina Henricpetrina between 1537 and 1560. Though conspicuou...","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74678266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.112361
S. Govaerts
This article examines the background and recruiting mechanisms of horsemen from the County of Loon who fought for the duke of Brabant at the battle of Baesweiler, 22 August 1371. It argues that socioeconomic incentives had a major role in fourteenth-century military recruitment and that the service of these men can be studied as a form of labor. The County of Loon became involved in the duke’s war effort through recruitment at different levels in which noblemen mobilized their relatives, friends and retainers. Mounted military service remained strongly associated with noble status, resulting in every man able to equip himself as a heavy cavalryman with two horses, a man-at-arms, being considered as noble to some degree. The article contextualizes the presence of these warriors within a larger spectrum of military service opportunities, and argues that chivalric ideals and military service as a form of labor are complementary.
{"title":"“Mannen van Wapenen”: The Baesweiler Campaign and the Military Labor Market of the County of Loon in the Fourteenth Century","authors":"S. Govaerts","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.112361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.112361","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the background and recruiting mechanisms of horsemen from the County of Loon who fought for the duke of Brabant at the battle of Baesweiler, 22 August 1371. It argues that socioeconomic incentives had a major role in fourteenth-century military recruitment and that the service of these men can be studied as a form of labor. The County of Loon became involved in the duke’s war effort through recruitment at different levels in which noblemen mobilized their relatives, friends and retainers. Mounted military service remained strongly associated with noble status, resulting in every man able to equip himself as a heavy cavalryman with two horses, a man-at-arms, being considered as noble to some degree. The article contextualizes the presence of these warriors within a larger spectrum of military service opportunities, and argues that chivalric ideals and military service as a form of labor are complementary.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90174471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-11DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.111228
J. H. Kane
The Libellus de expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum, an anonymous, contemporary account of the fall of the kingdom of Jerusalem in 1187 written in Latin prose, displays several narrative parallels with the various Old French continuations of William of Tyre’s Historia. The similar versions of Count Raymond III of Tripoli’s speech on the eve of the Battle of Ḥaṭṭīn that are furnished in these texts highlight the connection particularly strongly. Close analysis of this and other points of textual correspondence establishes that the author of the Libellus probably drew on an embryonic form of the vernacular account (conte) that Ernoul, a squire in the service of Balian of Ibelin, composed to present his master’s role in the events of 1187 in the best possible light. Demonstrating this link challenges us to reassess our understanding of the composition of the Libellus and the early influence of Ernoul’s chronicle.
《耶路撒冷王国陨落》(Libellus de expugnation one Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum)是一部匿名的当代著作，以拉丁文散文的形式描述了1187年耶路撒冷王国的陨落，与提尔的威廉(William of Tyre)的《历史》(Historia)的各种古法语延续版有几处叙事相似之处。黎波里雷蒙德三世伯爵在Ḥaṭṭīn战役前夕的演讲的类似版本在这些文本中提供，特别强调了这种联系。对这一点和其他文本通信点的仔细分析表明，《利贝洛斯》的作者可能借鉴了一种方言叙述(conte)的雏形，埃尔努尔是伊贝洛林巴利安的侍从，他写了这篇文章，以尽可能最好地呈现他的主人在1187年事件中的角色。要证明这种联系，我们就需要重新评估我们对《利贝洛斯》的构成和埃尔努尔编年史的早期影响的理解。
{"title":"Wolf’s Hair, Exposed Digits, and Muslim Holy Men: the Libellus de expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum and the Conte of Ernoul","authors":"J. H. Kane","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.111228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.111228","url":null,"abstract":"The Libellus de expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum, an anonymous, contemporary account of the fall of the kingdom of Jerusalem in 1187 written in Latin prose, displays several narrative parallels with the various Old French continuations of William of Tyre’s Historia. The similar versions of Count Raymond III of Tripoli’s speech on the eve of the Battle of Ḥaṭṭīn that are furnished in these texts highlight the connection particularly strongly. Close analysis of this and other points of textual correspondence establishes that the author of the Libellus probably drew on an embryonic form of the vernacular account (conte) that Ernoul, a squire in the service of Balian of Ibelin, composed to present his master’s role in the events of 1187 in the best possible light. Demonstrating this link challenges us to reassess our understanding of the composition of the Libellus and the early influence of Ernoul’s chronicle.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89393753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-17DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.109466
Michael Ovens
In his interwoven representations of a dwarf, a peasant, and a giant in the romances of Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion and Erec et Enide, Chretien de Troyes indicates the existence of a knightly anxiety over the social station of knighthood with respect to its common-born inferiors. The coherence of this class of knighthood was predicated on a distinction between nobility and servility, a distinction threatened by the upward mobility of an emerging common-born mercantile class in the twelfth century. With knights unable to respond directly on account of their vows to protect their social inferiors, this unresolved threat of existential dissolution produced in Chretien’s works a sense of anxiety surrounding literary representations of characters of imputed common birth. The defeat of these common-born antagonists by knightly protagonists offered noble audiences a cathartic release through the affirmation of the social distinctiveness of knighthood.
{"title":"Masculine Identity and the Rustics of Romance in Chrétien's Erec and Yvain","authors":"Michael Ovens","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.109466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.109466","url":null,"abstract":"In his interwoven representations of a dwarf, a peasant, and a giant in the romances of Yvain, le Chevalier au Lion and Erec et Enide, Chretien de Troyes indicates the existence of a knightly anxiety over the social station of knighthood with respect to its common-born inferiors. The coherence of this class of knighthood was predicated on a distinction between nobility and servility, a distinction threatened by the upward mobility of an emerging common-born mercantile class in the twelfth century. With knights unable to respond directly on account of their vows to protect their social inferiors, this unresolved threat of existential dissolution produced in Chretien’s works a sense of anxiety surrounding literary representations of characters of imputed common birth. The defeat of these common-born antagonists by knightly protagonists offered noble audiences a cathartic release through the affirmation of the social distinctiveness of knighthood.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84286319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-23DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.105359
I. Garipzanov
Diagrams, maps, and other forms of graphic visualization are nowadays discussed as a specific mode of communication, graphicacy, typical of the modern age with its ever-increasing role of visual media in social life. This essay questions this tendency to see graphicacy as a by-product of modernity by surveying various forms of representational graphic signs and systems that were placed on various media in Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, and it suggests that this graphic material should be seen as expressions of the very same mode of communication rising at the time of the sociocultural-and more specifically, religious-transformation of the late Roman and post-Roman worlds. With reference to this graphic evidence, early graphicacy is defined as a mode of visual communication of conceptual information and abstract ideas by means of non-figural graphic devices, which may comprise inscribed letters, words, and isolated decorative symbols.
{"title":"The Rise of Graphicacy in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages","authors":"I. Garipzanov","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.105359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.105359","url":null,"abstract":"Diagrams, maps, and other forms of graphic visualization are nowadays discussed as a specific mode of communication, graphicacy, typical of the modern age with its ever-increasing role of visual media in social life. This essay questions this tendency to see graphicacy as a by-product of modernity by surveying various forms of representational graphic signs and systems that were placed on various media in Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, and it suggests that this graphic material should be seen as expressions of the very same mode of communication rising at the time of the sociocultural-and more specifically, religious-transformation of the late Roman and post-Roman worlds. With reference to this graphic evidence, early graphicacy is defined as a mode of visual communication of conceptual information and abstract ideas by means of non-figural graphic devices, which may comprise inscribed letters, words, and isolated decorative symbols.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83943978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-23DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.105372
Eva Anagnostou-Laoutides
The article examines Virgil’s alleged interest in Platonic philosophy, sketched out in his Lives, and its contribution to the image of the philosopher-poet as defined by Dante and Petrarch. Both poets read closely the Lives of Virgil and sought in them guidance for their own poetic missions. Here I argue that Petrarch tried to defend Dante’s misunderstood Divine Comedy by presenting him as a devotee of Platonic allegoresis of the same caliber as Virgil. His efforts were continued by Landino who wished to accommodate both poets to the intellectual background of Medicean Florence. In negotiating the tension between poetry and philosophy Landino-an accomplished poet himself-is willing to recognize the contribution of allegory to introducing philosophical enquiry to the masses, although he eventually decides to embrace the pursuit of philosophy per se.
{"title":"Vitae Vergili and Florentine Intellectual Life to the Fifteenth Century","authors":"Eva Anagnostou-Laoutides","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.105372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.105372","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines Virgil’s alleged interest in Platonic philosophy, sketched out in his Lives, and its contribution to the image of the philosopher-poet as defined by Dante and Petrarch. Both poets read closely the Lives of Virgil and sought in them guidance for their own poetic missions. Here I argue that Petrarch tried to defend Dante’s misunderstood Divine Comedy by presenting him as a devotee of Platonic allegoresis of the same caliber as Virgil. His efforts were continued by Landino who wished to accommodate both poets to the intellectual background of Medicean Florence. In negotiating the tension between poetry and philosophy Landino-an accomplished poet himself-is willing to recognize the contribution of allegory to introducing philosophical enquiry to the masses, although he eventually decides to embrace the pursuit of philosophy per se.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87745963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-04DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.103502
Nicole Marafioti
This article investigates the historical context of Jatvarðar saga, the Icelandic saga of the English saint, King Edward the Confessor (d. 1066). Compiled from a variety of Norse and Latin sources, the saga survives in four medieval manuscripts and demonstrates a persistent interest in Edward’s life and legacy. Yet although the saga has often been categorized as a saint’s life, there is no evidence that Edward was the subject of an Icelandic cult; moreover, the text focuses extensively on political history and lacks the hallmarks of Old Norse hagiographical writing. Accordingly, I propose that Jatvarðar saga was not composed as a devotional text. Instead, I argue that Edward was portrayed as a model of lay piety who supported the Church and clergy - a valuable exemplar for Icelandic magnates at a time of ecclesiastical reform.
这篇文章调查了jatvar & ar传奇的历史背景，这是一个关于英国圣人忏悔者爱德华国王(1066年)的冰岛传奇。从各种北欧和拉丁来源汇编而成，这个传奇故事在四个中世纪手稿中幸存下来，并表明了对爱德华的生活和遗产的持久兴趣。然而，尽管这个传奇故事经常被归类为圣人的一生，但没有证据表明爱德华是冰岛邪教的对象;此外，文本广泛关注政治史，缺乏古斯堪的纳维亚圣徒传记写作的特点。因此，我建议《jatvar / ar saga》不是作为虔诚的文本写成的。相反，我认为爱德华被描绘成一个世俗虔诚的典范，他支持教会和神职人员——在宗教改革时期，这是冰岛权贵的宝贵榜样。
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Pub Date : 2014-10-13DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.102930
Olivier Delsaux
Depuis le debut du XXe siecle, les historiens de la miniature et du livre ont pu identifier des manuscrits originaux du poete, traducteur et humaniste Laurent de Premierfait. Ces identifications, souvent incertaines, se sont basees sur l'analyse de l'intelligence du programme iconographique et sur les indices de possession des manuscrits conserves. Cet article entend, d'une part, proposer une perspective textuelle sur ces identifications et, d'autre part, interroger la question, latente, de l'autographie de certains d'entre eux. En mettant en oeuvre une approche globale des manuscrits consideres jusqu'ici comme des manuscrits originaux (etude des graphies, des traces, du peritexte, des marques de fabrique) et en les confrontant aux documents notaries autographes de l'auteur, l'article demontre qu'il a existe deux transcripteurs principaux des manuscrits originaux et que Laurent de Premierfait a relu et corrige la plupart d'entre eux. Au travers de cette analyse, l'article identifie plusieurs nouveaux manuscrits originaux de l'auteur (Bruxelles, KBR, IV 920 ; Vienne, ONB, SN 12766 ; Paris, BnF, lat. 7907 ; Londres, BL, Burney 257).
自20世纪初以来，微型和书籍历史学家已经能够识别诗人、翻译家和人文主义者劳伦特·德·Premierfait的原始手稿。这些鉴定往往是不确定的，是基于对肖像程序的智力分析和保存手稿的所有权证据。本文的目的是，一方面，提出一个关于这些身份的文本视角，另一方面，质疑其中一些身份的签名的潜在问题。通过执行一项全面办法来代替手稿至今如原稿(研究图形的痕迹,一些peritexte商标),并比较卡托普利条notaries签名文件的作者,他有两个主要的原稿抄写员和Premierfait孝顺了,劳伦和大多数改正。通过这一分析，本文确定了作者的几份新的原始手稿(布鲁塞尔，KBR, IV 920;维也纳，ONB, SN 12766;巴黎，BnF, lat。7907人;伦敦，BL，伯尼257)。
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