Pub Date : 2014-06-04DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103917
C. Mews, R. Lahav
This article examines the Speculum dominarum of Durand of Champagne, Franciscan confessor to Jeanne of Navarre, queen of France from 1285 to her untimely death in 1305. It also considers the De informatione principum, a treatise of which the second recension is explicitly dedicated to her son, the future Louis X. While this work was in the past erroneously attributed both to Giles of Rome and to a Dominican preacher, it in fact reproduces and elaborates upon significant sections of the Speculum dominarum about wisdom and justice, and has good reason to be considered another composition of Durand. Both works are alluded to in a third treatise, the De consideratione novissimorum (subsequently incorporated into the Speculum morale), for their analysis of wisdom and mercy. Durand offers more scripturally based instruction than Giles of Rome, but skilfully weaves Thomist concern with virtue ethics into a sapiential theology shaped by Bonaventure.
这篇文章考察了香槟的杜兰，方济各会的忏悔者纳瓦拉的贞德，从1285年到1305年她英年早逝的法国女王。它还考虑了De information principum，这篇论文的第二版明确地献给了她的儿子，未来的路易十世。虽然这部作品在过去被错误地认为是罗马的贾尔斯和多米尼加传教士的作品，但它实际上复制并阐述了Speculum dominarum中关于智慧和正义的重要部分，并且有很好的理由被认为是杜兰德的另一部作品。这两部作品在第三篇论文《De consideration novissimorum》(随后并入《Speculum士气》)中都有提及，因为它们分析了智慧和仁慈。杜兰德比罗马的贾尔斯提供了更多基于圣经的指导，但他巧妙地将托马斯对美德伦理的关注融入了博纳旺蒂尔塑造的智慧神学。
{"title":"Wisdom and Justice in the Court of Jeanne of Navarre and Philip IV: Durand of Champagne, the Speculum dominarum, and the De informatione principum","authors":"C. Mews, R. Lahav","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103917","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Speculum dominarum of Durand of Champagne, Franciscan confessor to Jeanne of Navarre, queen of France from 1285 to her untimely death in 1305. It also considers the De informatione principum, a treatise of which the second recension is explicitly dedicated to her son, the future Louis X. While this work was in the past erroneously attributed both to Giles of Rome and to a Dominican preacher, it in fact reproduces and elaborates upon significant sections of the Speculum dominarum about wisdom and justice, and has good reason to be considered another composition of Durand. Both works are alluded to in a third treatise, the De consideratione novissimorum (subsequently incorporated into the Speculum morale), for their analysis of wisdom and mercy. Durand offers more scripturally based instruction than Giles of Rome, but skilfully weaves Thomist concern with virtue ethics into a sapiential theology shaped by Bonaventure.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91087998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-04DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103780
Emma Sidgwick
From the early fourth century onwards Christian legends and apocrypha elaborate on the biblical miracle story of the Woman with the Flow of Blood or the “Haemorrhoissa” (Mark 5.24b-34) and connect it to an image of Christ, initially rendered in a sculpture group. This article contends that the notion of the “hem” of Christ’s sculptural garment in those legends and apocrypha - mimicking the hem in the original biblical miracle story as described in Luke and Matthew - already contained the quintessential image-paradigmatic content that eventually constituted the medieval “Veronica.” It contends that this notion of the “hem” hence served as an early Christian conceptual “portal” to the Christian holy icon and to Christian visual culture at large, and therefore excavates the complex cultural matrix that underlay this early Christian notion of the “hem” (of Christ’s garment) and reveals its continuing resonance into this medieval image paradigm.
{"title":"At Once Limit and Threshold: How the Early Christian Touch of a Hem (Luke 8.44; Matthew 9.20) Constituted the Medieval Veronica","authors":"Emma Sidgwick","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103780","url":null,"abstract":"From the early fourth century onwards Christian legends and apocrypha elaborate on the biblical miracle story of the Woman with the Flow of Blood or the “Haemorrhoissa” (Mark 5.24b-34) and connect it to an image of Christ, initially rendered in a sculpture group. This article contends that the notion of the “hem” of Christ’s sculptural garment in those legends and apocrypha - mimicking the hem in the original biblical miracle story as described in Luke and Matthew - already contained the quintessential image-paradigmatic content that eventually constituted the medieval “Veronica.” It contends that this notion of the “hem” hence served as an early Christian conceptual “portal” to the Christian holy icon and to Christian visual culture at large, and therefore excavates the complex cultural matrix that underlay this early Christian notion of the “hem” (of Christ’s garment) and reveals its continuing resonance into this medieval image paradigm.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79287453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-10DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103482
Stijn Praet
The medieval narrative poem Asinarius (late 12th-early 13th c.) has commonly been considered a fairy tale ante litteram, predating the self-conscious development of the literary genre from early mo...
{"title":"The Trojan ass : Asinarius as mock epic","authors":"Stijn Praet","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103482","url":null,"abstract":"The medieval narrative poem Asinarius (late 12th-early 13th c.) has commonly been considered a fairy tale ante litteram, predating the self-conscious development of the literary genre from early mo...","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90823152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-10DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103476
M. Barbezat
This article examines pre-thirteenth century discussions of the materiality or immateriality of hellfire in the time before the resurrection in the works of Augustine, Gregory the Great, Julian of Toledo, Hugh of St. Victor, Peter Lombard, and Aelred of Rievaulx. I chart two possibilities regarding hellfire’s nature. In the first, the flames of Hell are incorporeal like the souls of the damned and are experienced in a manner parallel to the images encountered by dreamers. In the second, hellfire is a corporeal fire that torments the souls of the damned before the resurrection, as well as their souls and renewed bodies after the resurrection. Discussions of hellfire’s corporeality illuminate the relationship between the spiritual and the material, particularly that between material reality and its immaterial likenesses. In these discussions, incorporeal likeness or image often functions as the equivalent of the material and the experience of the bodily senses; nevertheless, a corporeal fire that is more th...
{"title":"In a Corporeal Flame: The Materiality of Hellfire Before the Resurrection in Six Latin Authors","authors":"M. Barbezat","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103476","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines pre-thirteenth century discussions of the materiality or immateriality of hellfire in the time before the resurrection in the works of Augustine, Gregory the Great, Julian of Toledo, Hugh of St. Victor, Peter Lombard, and Aelred of Rievaulx. I chart two possibilities regarding hellfire’s nature. In the first, the flames of Hell are incorporeal like the souls of the damned and are experienced in a manner parallel to the images encountered by dreamers. In the second, hellfire is a corporeal fire that torments the souls of the damned before the resurrection, as well as their souls and renewed bodies after the resurrection. Discussions of hellfire’s corporeality illuminate the relationship between the spiritual and the material, particularly that between material reality and its immaterial likenesses. In these discussions, incorporeal likeness or image often functions as the equivalent of the material and the experience of the bodily senses; nevertheless, a corporeal fire that is more th...","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84268469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-23DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103339
S. Vanderputten
This article reconsiders the evidence relating to the “ostentatious death” of Richard of Saint-Vanne (d. 1046), to support two arguments relating to the centrality of abbatial leadership in the ideology of the monastic reformers of the early eleventh century: first, that rituals and other forms of symbolic behavior associated with the passing of reformist abbots deserve analysis as a repertoire of acts and statements which derived their multiple meanings from the institutional and ideological contexts in which they were applied; and second, that Richard himself, his followers, and the bishop of Verdun turned Richard’s passing into a symbolic arena for the enactment of competing visions on abbatial leadership, monastic autonomy, and episcopal authority.
{"title":"Death As A Symbolic Arena: Abbatial Leadership, Episcopal Authority, and the “Ostentatious Death” of Richard of Saint-Vanne (d. 1046)","authors":"S. Vanderputten","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103339","url":null,"abstract":"This article reconsiders the evidence relating to the “ostentatious death” of Richard of Saint-Vanne (d. 1046), to support two arguments relating to the centrality of abbatial leadership in the ideology of the monastic reformers of the early eleventh century: first, that rituals and other forms of symbolic behavior associated with the passing of reformist abbots deserve analysis as a repertoire of acts and statements which derived their multiple meanings from the institutional and ideological contexts in which they were applied; and second, that Richard himself, his followers, and the bishop of Verdun turned Richard’s passing into a symbolic arena for the enactment of competing visions on abbatial leadership, monastic autonomy, and episcopal authority.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76944091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-23DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103344
M. Cassidy-Welch
This article explores the creation and communication of memory during and immediately after the Stedinger crusade (1232-1234). Remembrance of the crusade is shown to be manifested in the creation of special memorial liturgies, in the foundation and patronage of local monasteries around Bremen and in the writing of chronicles and annals in northern Germany and Friesland. The article illuminates the complex relationships between local powerbrokers and peasant farmers, and demonstrates how the category of “holy war” was used to support the colonization of Stedinger land. The article also argues that control of the memory of this crusade was an important act of legitimizing the war against the Stedinger farmers. This article thus reveals both the possibilities and limitations of investigating the difficult and various processes of war memorialization in the thirteenth century.
{"title":"The Stedinger Crusade: War, Remembrance, and Absence in Thirteenth-Century Germany","authors":"M. Cassidy-Welch","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.103344","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the creation and communication of memory during and immediately after the Stedinger crusade (1232-1234). Remembrance of the crusade is shown to be manifested in the creation of special memorial liturgies, in the foundation and patronage of local monasteries around Bremen and in the writing of chronicles and annals in northern Germany and Friesland. The article illuminates the complex relationships between local powerbrokers and peasant farmers, and demonstrates how the category of “holy war” was used to support the colonization of Stedinger land. The article also argues that control of the memory of this crusade was an important act of legitimizing the war against the Stedinger farmers. This article thus reveals both the possibilities and limitations of investigating the difficult and various processes of war memorialization in the thirteenth century.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79747861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-14DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.102006
Tomas Zahora
The widely influential exegetical method of tropology, or moral reading, experienced a rise in popularity in the twelfth century. As a generation of scholars brought tropological discourse to a high degree of sophistication and subtlety, moralization flourished in sermons, commentaries, didactic treatises, encyclopedias, and bestiaries. In this article I look at the parameters of tropology by analyzing the hexaemeral treatise Solatium fidelis anime by a master moralist, the English Augustinian canon Alexander Neckam (1157–1217). I focus on the role of analogy in tropological discourse, the mechanism of moral progress, and the interaction of grace and merit against the background of accusations of Pelagian heresy. Neckam’s Solatium shows us that this often noticed but seldom studied method was an effective, living hermeneutic and didactic tool whose marked strengths and weaknesses offer invaluable insight into medieval psychology and understanding of the relationship between the created world and human pro...
{"title":"Tropology in Practice: Alexander Neckam’s Solatium Fidelis Anime","authors":"Tomas Zahora","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.102006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.102006","url":null,"abstract":"The widely influential exegetical method of tropology, or moral reading, experienced a rise in popularity in the twelfth century. As a generation of scholars brought tropological discourse to a high degree of sophistication and subtlety, moralization flourished in sermons, commentaries, didactic treatises, encyclopedias, and bestiaries. In this article I look at the parameters of tropology by analyzing the hexaemeral treatise Solatium fidelis anime by a master moralist, the English Augustinian canon Alexander Neckam (1157–1217). I focus on the role of analogy in tropological discourse, the mechanism of moral progress, and the interaction of grace and merit against the background of accusations of Pelagian heresy. Neckam’s Solatium shows us that this often noticed but seldom studied method was an effective, living hermeneutic and didactic tool whose marked strengths and weaknesses offer invaluable insight into medieval psychology and understanding of the relationship between the created world and human pro...","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2011-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87900889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-08DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.100805
Jessica L. Malay
The prophetic lady in the early fifteenth-century romance Thomas of Erceldoune has received little attention in discussions surrounding this romance text. This essay discusses the affinities this lady shares with the sibyls of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as later manifestations of the sibyls in medieval theology, prophecy, and romance. By drawing upon imagery associated with the prophetic narratives nationhood circulating in the British Isles, the eschatological prophecies of the sibyls Erythraea, Tiburtine, and Cumae, and the many romance Sebiles, the poet validates the Scottish prophecies contained in the text. Allusions to the medieval sibylline tradition also place the narrative and prophecies in this romance within the wider prophetic tradition of medieval Europe. Erceldoune’s lady is a composite character who is heavily dependent upon sibylline allusions. Through these allusions, the lady becomes conduit through which the importance and validity of the Scottish prophecies are communicated in th...
{"title":"Thomas of erceldoune's lady: The scottish sibyl","authors":"Jessica L. Malay","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.100805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.100805","url":null,"abstract":"The prophetic lady in the early fifteenth-century romance Thomas of Erceldoune has received little attention in discussions surrounding this romance text. This essay discusses the affinities this lady shares with the sibyls of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as later manifestations of the sibyls in medieval theology, prophecy, and romance. By drawing upon imagery associated with the prophetic narratives nationhood circulating in the British Isles, the eschatological prophecies of the sibyls Erythraea, Tiburtine, and Cumae, and the many romance Sebiles, the poet validates the Scottish prophecies contained in the text. Allusions to the medieval sibylline tradition also place the narrative and prophecies in this romance within the wider prophetic tradition of medieval Europe. Erceldoune’s lady is a composite character who is heavily dependent upon sibylline allusions. Through these allusions, the lady becomes conduit through which the importance and validity of the Scottish prophecies are communicated in th...","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77630928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.100737
Carole Avignon
This article analyzes the different ways that clandestine marriages were reproved in the writings of reformists and for what purposes. Medieval doctors had already demonstrated that a clandestine marriage was morally bad and canonically prohibited, even if they had had to recognize its validity to strengthen the consensualist theory of sacrament. In order to prove marriage was an honorable way to salvation for the laity, the theologian Jean Raulin argued that clandestine marriages were as devilish as adultery or fornication. Erasmus reproved the troubles that arose from the validity of marriages contracted without family consent or by having sex after betrothal. The two of them wanted to defend the marriage sacrament and reorder society. But Erasmus's calling into question the sacramentality and indissolubility of clandestine marriages opened the way for Lutheran questioning of the scholastic theory of marriage: it is no sacrament but a civil contract, and parental approval is necessary to create it.
{"title":"La question clandestine de la critique médiévale aux critiques erasmienne et luthérienne","authors":"Carole Avignon","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.100737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.100737","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the different ways that clandestine marriages were reproved in the writings of reformists and for what purposes. Medieval doctors had already demonstrated that a clandestine marriage was morally bad and canonically prohibited, even if they had had to recognize its validity to strengthen the consensualist theory of sacrament. In order to prove marriage was an honorable way to salvation for the laity, the theologian Jean Raulin argued that clandestine marriages were as devilish as adultery or fornication. Erasmus reproved the troubles that arose from the validity of marriages contracted without family consent or by having sex after betrothal. The two of them wanted to defend the marriage sacrament and reorder society. But Erasmus's calling into question the sacramentality and indissolubility of clandestine marriages opened the way for Lutheran questioning of the scholastic theory of marriage: it is no sacrament but a civil contract, and parental approval is necessary to create it.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82089850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-16DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.100429
Michelle Armstrong-Partida
The image of priests as family men is contrary to the one of a lecherous, sexually promiscuous clergy so often highlighted in the works of medieval historians. Yet visitation records from fourteenth-century Catalunya show that a great number of Catalan clerics entered into marriage-like unions despite the church’s two hundred year ban on priestly marriage. Indeed, many parish clergy went to great lengths to engage in relationships that could offer them a sexual outlet, as well as a union that would create a family and household. This article explores the practice of clerical concubinage in the dioceses throughout the region of Catalunya and draws comparisons with other regions in Spain. It argues that clerical concubinage was a custom entrenched in Spanish society. Synodal decrees banning concubinage and the fines attached to them did not to deter clerics from forming long-term unions with women. Ecclesiastical officials tolerated the tradition of concubinous unions and did little to change clerical cultu...
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