{"title":"IMPACTS OF FOOD PRICES ON THE ECONOMY: SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX AND MICROSIMULATION APPROACH IN INDONESIA","authors":"Misdawita, D. Hartono, Anda Nugroho","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47408904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses the contribution of human capital, measured using the share of residents holding a college degree, to urban growth, gauged by the growth in employment, between 1981 and 2001. According to our estimates, starting with a ten per cent higher share of college-educated residents was associated with a higher growth in employment in the 0.5-2.2 per cent range. These results hold when considering both the municipal and the local labour market (LLM) levels, and they are robust to a wide set of urban characteristics. Our findings are confirmed using a measure of education dating back to 1931 as an instrument for human capital. Furthermore, we exploit a spatial localization model with human capital premiums to disentangle the estimated effect into two components related to productivity and life quality respectively. We find that productivity contributed to more than 60 per cent of the effect of human capital on urban growth at municipal level, and to over 90 per cent at the wider LLM level.
{"title":"HUMAN CAPITAL AND URBAN GROWTH IN ITALY, 1981–2001","authors":"F. Giffoni, Matteo Gomellini, Dario Pellegrino","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12100","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the contribution of human capital, measured using the share of residents holding a college degree, to urban growth, gauged by the growth in employment, between 1981 and 2001. According to our estimates, starting with a ten per cent higher share of college-educated residents was associated with a higher growth in employment in the 0.5-2.2 per cent range. These results hold when considering both the municipal and the local labour market (LLM) levels, and they are robust to a wide set of urban characteristics. Our findings are confirmed using a measure of education dating back to 1931 as an instrument for human capital. Furthermore, we exploit a spatial localization model with human capital premiums to disentangle the estimated effect into two components related to productivity and life quality respectively. We find that productivity contributed to more than 60 per cent of the effect of human capital on urban growth at municipal level, and to over 90 per cent at the wider LLM level.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41379417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ISSUE INFORMATION","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/rurd.12090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rurd.12090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/rurd.12090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44069201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ISSUE INFORMATION","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/rurd.12079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rurd.12079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/rurd.12079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SOCIAL CAPITAL, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTANCE AND TRANSACTION COSTS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN AFRICAN RURAL AREAS","authors":"A. G. Abbay, R. Rutten, P. D. Graaf","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47059085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the 2005 and 2010 National Household Income and Expenditure Surveys, this study examines the urban and rural dimensions of the role of education in income inequality in Bangladesh. The government needs to expand the access to and the quality of primary education because a large proportion of citizens are uneducated. This would reduce not only the urban–rural educational gap but also the educational inequalities within urban and rural areas. As the income disparity between urban–rural and educational groups is small and more than 90% of overall income inequality is the result of inequalities within educational groups, the government needs to introduce policies that could reduce inequalities within such groups. In urban areas, policies to help reduce skill mismatches in the labor market are required, while non‐agricultural employment may need to be promoted to mitigate rural income inequality.
{"title":"URBAN AND RURAL DIMENSIONS OF THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN INCOME INEQUALITY IN BANGLADESH","authors":"S. Mahmud, Takahiro Akita","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12089","url":null,"abstract":"Using the 2005 and 2010 National Household Income and Expenditure Surveys, this study examines the urban and rural dimensions of the role of education in income inequality in Bangladesh. The government needs to expand the access to and the quality of primary education because a large proportion of citizens are uneducated. This would reduce not only the urban–rural educational gap but also the educational inequalities within urban and rural areas. As the income disparity between urban–rural and educational groups is small and more than 90% of overall income inequality is the result of inequalities within educational groups, the government needs to introduce policies that could reduce inequalities within such groups. In urban areas, policies to help reduce skill mismatches in the labor market are required, while non‐agricultural employment may need to be promoted to mitigate rural income inequality.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47140580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we construct a three‐sector general equilibrium model of a small open economy with an informal sector and examine the impact of a less protectionist policy on output levels, factor prices, and the level of urban employment. We show that the urban unemployment rate has reduced with the contraction of an import‐competing manufacturing sector consequent upon tariff reductions. The informal intermediate sector has contracted as well. A possibility to expand the exportable agricultural sector exists, with an increased wage rate. Our analysis is then extended to introduce foreign capital inflow and examine the output effects and the level of unemployment. Interestingly, in the extended model, urban unemployment is aggravated as a result of an inflow of foreign capital.
{"title":"ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION, THE INFORMAL SECTOR, AND URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS","authors":"Sujata Ghosh, Biswajit Mandal, K. Gupta","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12088","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we construct a three‐sector general equilibrium model of a small open economy with an informal sector and examine the impact of a less protectionist policy on output levels, factor prices, and the level of urban employment. We show that the urban unemployment rate has reduced with the contraction of an import‐competing manufacturing sector consequent upon tariff reductions. The informal intermediate sector has contracted as well. A possibility to expand the exportable agricultural sector exists, with an increased wage rate. Our analysis is then extended to introduce foreign capital inflow and examine the output effects and the level of unemployment. Interestingly, in the extended model, urban unemployment is aggravated as a result of an inflow of foreign capital.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42294674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the determinants of the lower employment rate of married female graduates in the metropolitan areas (MAs) of Japan compared to the rate in non‐MAs using Employment Status Survey data from 1992, 1997, and 2002. The results show that the type of employment available in non‐MAs is more conducive to employment tenure. During the study period, married female graduates attained longer employment in full‐time specialized and technical jobs, such as teaching, in non‐MAs. In MAs, a larger proportion of married female graduates worked in clerical jobs, sales, or in specialized and technical jobs (e.g. doctors or uncategorized jobs), which have lower job continuity than teaching jobs. This study concludes, therefore, that employment composition is at least one of the determinants of the lower employment rate of married female graduates in MAs.
{"title":"REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE LABOR SUPPLY OF MARRIED FEMALE GRADUATES: WHY IS IT LOWER IN THE METROPOLITAN AREAS OF JAPAN?","authors":"Maki Kato","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12086","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the determinants of the lower employment rate of married female graduates in the metropolitan areas (MAs) of Japan compared to the rate in non‐MAs using Employment Status Survey data from 1992, 1997, and 2002. The results show that the type of employment available in non‐MAs is more conducive to employment tenure. During the study period, married female graduates attained longer employment in full‐time specialized and technical jobs, such as teaching, in non‐MAs. In MAs, a larger proportion of married female graduates worked in clerical jobs, sales, or in specialized and technical jobs (e.g. doctors or uncategorized jobs), which have lower job continuity than teaching jobs. This study concludes, therefore, that employment composition is at least one of the determinants of the lower employment rate of married female graduates in MAs.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49406714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The literature on the recent Global Financial Crisis (GFC) focuses on the decimation of Western economies; however, the impact of the crisis on Asian economies has remained largely unexplored. Using the classic dependency approach of the “core‐periphery” framework, this paper investigates the trade performance of Association of South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) members during (2008–2009) and after (2010–2012) the GFC and analyses the transmission of shocks to these countries from the Western core. A modified gravity model of trade flows is estimated for a panel of five leading ASEAN economies and their trading partners for the period 2002–2012. The empirical results show a decline in ASEAN trade during the financial crisis that becomes stronger during the post‐crisis period. The decline in trade exceeds that associated with changing gross domestic product at home and abroad, suggesting the crisis and its aftermath have been particularly disadvantageous for ASEAN trade.
{"title":"Global financial crisis and southeast Asian trade performance: Empirical evidence","authors":"Shahriar Kabir, H. Bloch, Ruhul Salim","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12080","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on the recent Global Financial Crisis (GFC) focuses on the decimation of Western economies; however, the impact of the crisis on Asian economies has remained largely unexplored. Using the classic dependency approach of the “core‐periphery” framework, this paper investigates the trade performance of Association of South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) members during (2008–2009) and after (2010–2012) the GFC and analyses the transmission of shocks to these countries from the Western core. A modified gravity model of trade flows is estimated for a panel of five leading ASEAN economies and their trading partners for the period 2002–2012. The empirical results show a decline in ASEAN trade during the financial crisis that becomes stronger during the post‐crisis period. The decline in trade exceeds that associated with changing gross domestic product at home and abroad, suggesting the crisis and its aftermath have been particularly disadvantageous for ASEAN trade.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"114-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44834127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper investigates the impact of infrastructure on the urban population concentration of large cities (population > 0.1 million) in India. It also assesses the status of large cities according to the availability of infrastructure and the quality of public services using data from the 2001 and 2011 Census periods. The results of Borda ranking show that cities (e.g. Shimla, Mysore, Kochi, Tumkur, Mangalore, and Thiruvananthapuram) provide greater infrastructure. Ordinary least squares regression based on factor scores estimated from principal component factor analysis show that although overall climatic condition encourages population agglomeration, spatial interaction and infrastructure have a negative impact on it. Therefore, our analysis suggests that improvement of infrastructure may not increase population agglomeration (measured by size, density, and growth rate of city population) in large cities, but will substantially improve the potential contribution of the cities to national economic growth in India by improving the ease of living and facilitating business activities.
{"title":"DOES A HIGHER LEVEL OF INFRASTRUCTURE INCREASE POPULATION IN LARGE AGGLOMERATIONS? EVIDENCE FROM INDIA","authors":"S. Tripathi","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12082","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper investigates the impact of infrastructure on the urban population concentration of large cities (population > 0.1 million) in India. It also assesses the status of large cities according to the availability of infrastructure and the quality of public services using data from the 2001 and 2011 Census periods. The results of Borda ranking show that cities (e.g. Shimla, Mysore, Kochi, Tumkur, Mangalore, and Thiruvananthapuram) provide greater infrastructure. Ordinary least squares regression based on factor scores estimated from principal component factor analysis show that although overall climatic condition encourages population agglomeration, spatial interaction and infrastructure have a negative impact on it. Therefore, our analysis suggests that improvement of infrastructure may not increase population agglomeration (measured by size, density, and growth rate of city population) in large cities, but will substantially improve the potential contribution of the cities to national economic growth in India by improving the ease of living and facilitating business activities.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43313434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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