type="main" xml:lang="en"> Despite few studies regarding foreign direct investment (FDI) in Portugal – especially regarding its effects – FDI can be an important catalyst for regional economic development and growth. This work studies existing FDI in the Portuguese regions, analyzing its distribution by Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics III, the sectors in which FDI has more weight in each region, and its evolution from 1986–2009. Although the relative weight of FDI firms in Portugal remained constant over the years analyzed (around 1%), at the same time these firms spread to all regions of the country, not only concentrating in Lisboa and Porto, the main economic and service agglomerations. Regions attracted FDI not only in specialized sectors, but also for other activities, diversifying the regional productive structure of the country. The increase and diversification of FDI coincided with the tertiarization of the economy, being closer to the productive specialization pattern of the country, while continuing to focus mainly on manufacturing.
{"title":"Regional and sectoral foreign direct investment in Portugal since joining the European union: a dynamic portrait","authors":"Irina Melo, Alexandra Ferreira‐Lopes, H. Monteiro","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12040","url":null,"abstract":"type=\"main\" xml:lang=\"en\"> Despite few studies regarding foreign direct investment (FDI) in Portugal – especially regarding its effects – FDI can be an important catalyst for regional economic development and growth. This work studies existing FDI in the Portuguese regions, analyzing its distribution by Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics III, the sectors in which FDI has more weight in each region, and its evolution from 1986–2009. Although the relative weight of FDI firms in Portugal remained constant over the years analyzed (around 1%), at the same time these firms spread to all regions of the country, not only concentrating in Lisboa and Porto, the main economic and service agglomerations. Regions attracted FDI not only in specialized sectors, but also for other activities, diversifying the regional productive structure of the country. The increase and diversification of FDI coincided with the tertiarization of the economy, being closer to the productive specialization pattern of the country, while continuing to focus mainly on manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"197-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63727535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We conducted a questionnaire survey in the Kanto area regarding people fs dissatisfaction with various aspects of their dwelling environment. Dissatisfaction with access to transportation, shopping and medical facilities are important reasons for moving house. Probit model estimation implies that economic wealth improves satisfaction with transportation, shopping and medical facilities, but it does not reduce dissatisfaction with living costs whereas aging increases not only the satisfaction with transportation, shopping and medical facilities, but also with living costs and family and acquaintances. The results also imply that Japan fs aging population does not present crucial problems for housing in the Kanto area.
{"title":"DISSATISFACTION WITH DWELLING ENVIRONMENTS IN AN AGING SOCIETY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE KANTO AREA IN JAPAN","authors":"N. Ishikawa, M. Fukushige","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12038","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a questionnaire survey in the Kanto area regarding people fs dissatisfaction with various aspects of their dwelling environment. Dissatisfaction with access to transportation, shopping and medical facilities are important reasons for moving house. Probit model estimation implies that economic wealth improves satisfaction with transportation, shopping and medical facilities, but it does not reduce dissatisfaction with living costs whereas aging increases not only the satisfaction with transportation, shopping and medical facilities, but also with living costs and family and acquaintances. The results also imply that Japan fs aging population does not present crucial problems for housing in the Kanto area.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"149-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63727448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
type="main" xml:lang="en"> Spatial externalities play an important role in determining land value, leading to the application of spatial econometric analysis. Recent studies indicate that the interaction of two competing land use externalities has created sprawl in the Jakartan metropolitan fringe, putting pressure on conservation and productive agricultural sites in the southern fringe. This study analyzes the extent of those externalities and their role in recent development activities in the area, based on spatial econometric models. Four models are considered, and two variables (density and area proportion of agricultural activity) at district level are used to capture the competing externalities (social and green externalities) of land use. The proportion of developed area per district serves as a proxy for development land value. The analysis indicates that the spatial Durbin error model is the best model, and confirms the significant role of spatial externalities on development value, especially for social externalities, although it can only extend locally.
{"title":"SPATIAL EXTENT OF LAND USE EXTERNALITIES IN THE JAKARTA FRINGE: SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS","authors":"Rahma Fitriani, E. Sumarminingsih","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12041","url":null,"abstract":"type=\"main\" xml:lang=\"en\"> Spatial externalities play an important role in determining land value, leading to the application of spatial econometric analysis. Recent studies indicate that the interaction of two competing land use externalities has created sprawl in the Jakartan metropolitan fringe, putting pressure on conservation and productive agricultural sites in the southern fringe. This study analyzes the extent of those externalities and their role in recent development activities in the area, based on spatial econometric models. Four models are considered, and two variables (density and area proportion of agricultural activity) at district level are used to capture the competing externalities (social and green externalities) of land use. The proportion of developed area per district serves as a proxy for development land value. The analysis indicates that the spatial Durbin error model is the best model, and confirms the significant role of spatial externalities on development value, especially for social externalities, although it can only extend locally.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"230-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63727082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
type="main" xml:lang="en"> This paper studies the relationship between infrastructure and output in 28 Indian states divided into general and special categories for the period 2001–2010. It develops a composite infrastructure index for each state in each category by considering both economic and social dimensions. We find that infrastructure only influences output in general category states. Among the different kinds of infrastructures, the social variant has a greater impact on output than the economic. Interestingly, we also find that, for both categories of states, output influences infrastructure more than infrastructure influences output. Causality analysis reveals unidirectional causality from output to infrastructure and from social infrastructure to economic infrastructure. No evidence of a statistically significant impact of infrastructure or any of its variants on output for the special category states was found. These findings question the effectiveness of additional funds provided for the development of special category states.
{"title":"WHICH INFRASTRUCTURE MATTERS MORE FOR GROWTH: ECONOMIC OR SOCIAL? EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN STATES DURING 2001–2010","authors":"B. S. Misra","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12039","url":null,"abstract":"type=\"main\" xml:lang=\"en\"> This paper studies the relationship between infrastructure and output in 28 Indian states divided into general and special categories for the period 2001–2010. It develops a composite infrastructure index for each state in each category by considering both economic and social dimensions. We find that infrastructure only influences output in general category states. Among the different kinds of infrastructures, the social variant has a greater impact on output than the economic. Interestingly, we also find that, for both categories of states, output influences infrastructure more than infrastructure influences output. Causality analysis reveals unidirectional causality from output to infrastructure and from social infrastructure to economic infrastructure. No evidence of a statistically significant impact of infrastructure or any of its variants on output for the special category states was found. These findings question the effectiveness of additional funds provided for the development of special category states.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"177-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63727516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Departing from the conventional theoretical approach, which explains tourism demand by various kinds of determinants, this paper proposes a model in which the dynamics of the number of tourists is explained by probabilistic behaviors. More specifically, the model assumes two different probabilities—one for first-time travelers and the other for frequent travelers. Based on this theoretical framework, the paper empirically examines the dynamics of the number of tourists to Okinawa, Japan. We find that income and transport costs explain the probability of first-time visitors, but that they do not explain for that of repeat visitors. Instead, the congestion index, which reflects the busy lifestyle in large cities, does so. This suggests that tourism policy should differ depending on how well-established the location is as a tourist destination. Given that Okinawa is acknowledged as the foremost resort destination among the Japanese, the priority for the resources allocation of tourism promotion should be on the preservation of the natural environment and the original culture, thereby offering unusual experiences to the visitors.
{"title":"EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF TOURISTS USING A SIMPLE STOCHASTIC MODEL: CASE OF OKINAWA","authors":"Roki Iwahashi, Tadashi Ito","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12034","url":null,"abstract":"Departing from the conventional theoretical approach, which explains tourism demand by various kinds of determinants, this paper proposes a model in which the dynamics of the number of tourists is explained by probabilistic behaviors. More specifically, the model assumes two different probabilities—one for first-time travelers and the other for frequent travelers. Based on this theoretical framework, the paper empirically examines the dynamics of the number of tourists to Okinawa, Japan. We find that income and transport costs explain the probability of first-time visitors, but that they do not explain for that of repeat visitors. Instead, the congestion index, which reflects the busy lifestyle in large cities, does so. This suggests that tourism policy should differ depending on how well-established the location is as a tourist destination. Given that Okinawa is acknowledged as the foremost resort destination among the Japanese, the priority for the resources allocation of tourism promotion should be on the preservation of the natural environment and the original culture, thereby offering unusual experiences to the visitors.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63727242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Boncinelli, G. Pagnotta, F. Riccioli, L. Casini
type="main" xml:lang="en"> The quality of life in rural populations plays a key role in rural development policies. Starting from a capabilities approach, the aim of this work is to evaluate, with a simultaneous quantile regression, the heterogeneity of the determinants of quality of life by analyzing the opportunities addressed to rural populations. These opportunities are quantified as the availability of healthcare, education, economic opportunities, environmental conditions, human pressure, and the accessibility of the areas. The focus on capabilities represents a change from the prevailing setting, which tends to assess levels of well-being by functioning as a proxy of capabilities. The results show that the availability of basic services, especially those used frequently, are essential elements for maintaining adequate levels of quality of life in rural areas.
{"title":"THE DETERMINANTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN RURAL AREAS FROM A GEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE: THE CASE OF TUSCANY","authors":"F. Boncinelli, G. Pagnotta, F. Riccioli, L. Casini","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12035","url":null,"abstract":"type=\"main\" xml:lang=\"en\"> The quality of life in rural populations plays a key role in rural development policies. Starting from a capabilities approach, the aim of this work is to evaluate, with a simultaneous quantile regression, the heterogeneity of the determinants of quality of life by analyzing the opportunities addressed to rural populations. These opportunities are quantified as the availability of healthcare, education, economic opportunities, environmental conditions, human pressure, and the accessibility of the areas. The focus on capabilities represents a change from the prevailing setting, which tends to assess levels of well-being by functioning as a proxy of capabilities. The results show that the availability of basic services, especially those used frequently, are essential elements for maintaining adequate levels of quality of life in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"104-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63727309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
type="main" xml:lang="en"> In this study, we conduct an analysis of the main determinants of personal income inequality in both urban and rural areas of the Northeast region of Brazil. An earnings equation was estimated and the Shapley value was used in its decomposition. The results show that education and worker experience are the most relevant variables to explain the high index of inequality in earnings in both the rural and urban areas of the Northeast region of Brazil. Moreover, discrimination in the labor market is also an important factor to explain the concentration of income in the rural sector.
{"title":"INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE URBAN AND RURAL SECTORS OF THE NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL","authors":"V. F. D. Santos, W. D. C. Vieira","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12037","url":null,"abstract":"type=\"main\" xml:lang=\"en\"> In this study, we conduct an analysis of the main determinants of personal income inequality in both urban and rural areas of the Northeast region of Brazil. An earnings equation was estimated and the Shapley value was used in its decomposition. The results show that education and worker experience are the most relevant variables to explain the high index of inequality in earnings in both the rural and urban areas of the Northeast region of Brazil. Moreover, discrimination in the labor market is also an important factor to explain the concentration of income in the rural sector.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"134-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63727437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
type="main" xml:lang="en"> In this paper, we explore the validity of rank-size rule in the Moroccan urban system. We use data from the 1982, 1994, and 2004 censuses. Three thresholds are considered to truncate the data: 5000, 50000, and 100000 residents. Power law states that the rank (r) of a city is proportional to a power of its size (S r ), that is, r S-super-•-super-α. The ordinary least squares (OLS) method is used to estimate α. Using OLS method without Gabaix-Ibragimov correction (GIC) provides evidence of the validity of Zipf's law for cities of more than 100 000 dwellers.When the GIC is used, it appears that the zipfian distribution (α = -1) is also valid for cities of more than 50000 inhabitants. Over the period 1982–2004, it seems likely that intermediate cities grew more rapidly than other cities. This may lead to a more balanced distribution of the Moroccan urban system.
{"title":"ZIPF'S LAW IN THE CASE OF MOROCCAN CITIES","authors":"E. Ezzahid, Oumar ElHamdani","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12036","url":null,"abstract":"type=\"main\" xml:lang=\"en\"> In this paper, we explore the validity of rank-size rule in the Moroccan urban system. We use data from the 1982, 1994, and 2004 censuses. Three thresholds are considered to truncate the data: 5000, 50000, and 100000 residents. Power law states that the rank (r) of a city is proportional to a power of its size (S r ), that is, r S-super-•-super-α. The ordinary least squares (OLS) method is used to estimate α. Using OLS method without Gabaix-Ibragimov correction (GIC) provides evidence of the validity of Zipf's law for cities of more than 100 000 dwellers.When the GIC is used, it appears that the zipfian distribution (α = -1) is also valid for cities of more than 50000 inhabitants. Over the period 1982–2004, it seems likely that intermediate cities grew more rapidly than other cities. This may lead to a more balanced distribution of the Moroccan urban system.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"118-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63727366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
type="main" xml:lang="en"> New firm formation is an important determinant of regional development. Entrepreneurial decisions on location choice are affected by numerous factors. Given the importance of local regional characteristics, this study focuses on the dynamics behind the regional formation of new firms in Turkey using balanced panel data from 1997 to 2006. An initial set of analyses underline the ongoing persistence of the unequal distribution of new firms. Among various factors, results obtained from different panel models suggest the importance of local demand, provincial business cycles, human capital development, and financial availabilities to explain the regional differences of new firm formation in Turkey. These results, which are robust to the inclusion of spatial links, also confirm that the proposed channels are common for manufacturing, services, and trade-based production.
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF REGIONAL NEW FIRM FORMATION IN TURKEY","authors":"B. Karahasan","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12031","url":null,"abstract":"type=\"main\" xml:lang=\"en\"> New firm formation is an important determinant of regional development. Entrepreneurial decisions on location choice are affected by numerous factors. Given the importance of local regional characteristics, this study focuses on the dynamics behind the regional formation of new firms in Turkey using balanced panel data from 1997 to 2006. An initial set of analyses underline the ongoing persistence of the unequal distribution of new firms. Among various factors, results obtained from different panel models suggest the importance of local demand, provincial business cycles, human capital development, and financial availabilities to explain the regional differences of new firm formation in Turkey. These results, which are robust to the inclusion of spatial links, also confirm that the proposed channels are common for manufacturing, services, and trade-based production.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"9 39 1","pages":"18-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63727199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This empirical study analyses the long run behaviour of provincial house prices in South Africa based on the club convergence and clustering procedure of Phillips and Sul (2007). Using quarterly data covering the period of 1974Q1 to 2012Q4, 1976Q2 to 2012Q4, 1974Q1 to 2012 Q4 and 1977Q3 to 2012Q4 for the entire, large, medium and small-middle segments of the housing market, respectively, we test the law of one price across nine provinces. The empirical findings suggest that the nine provinces do not form a homogeneous convergence club. In particular, the aggregate housing market supports the presence of three convergence clubs with the tendency of provinces to converge or diverge varying across subsequent segments. Unlike the middle-small segment which consists of two convergence clubs of seven and two provinces, the middle-large and middle-medium segments are consistent with three convergence clubs corresponding to three segmented independent local markets. The first convergence club consists of four and five provinces, respectively. The second convergence club is made of four and three provinces, respectively, while the third convergence club comprises only one province.
{"title":"Convergence in Provincial-Level South African House Prices: Evidence from the Club Convergence and Clustering Procedure","authors":"N. Apergis, Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne, Rangan Gupta","doi":"10.1111/RURD.12029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/RURD.12029","url":null,"abstract":"This empirical study analyses the long run behaviour of provincial house prices in South Africa based on the club convergence and clustering procedure of Phillips and Sul (2007). Using quarterly data covering the period of 1974Q1 to 2012Q4, 1976Q2 to 2012Q4, 1974Q1 to 2012 Q4 and 1977Q3 to 2012Q4 for the entire, large, medium and small-middle segments of the housing market, respectively, we test the law of one price across nine provinces. The empirical findings suggest that the nine provinces do not form a homogeneous convergence club. In particular, the aggregate housing market supports the presence of three convergence clubs with the tendency of provinces to converge or diverge varying across subsequent segments. Unlike the middle-small segment which consists of two convergence clubs of seven and two provinces, the middle-large and middle-medium segments are consistent with three convergence clubs corresponding to three segmented independent local markets. The first convergence club consists of four and five provinces, respectively. The second convergence club is made of four and three provinces, respectively, while the third convergence club comprises only one province.","PeriodicalId":39676,"journal":{"name":"Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"2-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/RURD.12029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63727150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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