This paper offers an overview of the highlights of the 2021 NISO Plus Annual Conference that was held virtually from February 22 – February 25, 2021. This was the second NISO Plus annual conference. The first one was held in 2020 and replaced what would have been the 62nd Annual NFAIS conference, but with the merger of NISO and NFAIS in June 2019 the conference was renamed NISO Plus and took on a new format. Little did they know that the second conference would have to be held virtually while the world was battling a global pandemic. The 2021 audience represented a 400% increase over the 2020 in-person attendance. There was no general theme, but there was a topic for everyone working in the information ecosystem - from the practical subjects of standards and metadata quality to preprints to information privacy and ultimately to the impact of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning on scholarly communication. With speakers from around the world and across time zones and continents, it was truly a global conversation!
{"title":"An Overview of the 2021 NISO Plus Conference: Global connections and global conversations","authors":"Bonnie Lawlor","doi":"10.3233/isu-210120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/isu-210120","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers an overview of the highlights of the 2021 NISO Plus Annual Conference that was held virtually from February 22 – February 25, 2021. This was the second NISO Plus annual conference. The first one was held in 2020 and replaced what would have been the 62nd Annual NFAIS conference, but with the merger of NISO and NFAIS in June 2019 the conference was renamed NISO Plus and took on a new format. Little did they know that the second conference would have to be held virtually while the world was battling a global pandemic. The 2021 audience represented a 400% increase over the 2020 in-person attendance. There was no general theme, but there was a topic for everyone working in the information ecosystem - from the practical subjects of standards and metadata quality to preprints to information privacy and ultimately to the impact of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning on scholarly communication. With speakers from around the world and across time zones and continents, it was truly a global conversation!","PeriodicalId":39698,"journal":{"name":"Information Services and Use","volume":"163 1","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84725803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A commemoration is presented of the passing 25 years ago of Andrew A. Aines, a pioneer and staunch advocate for a rational national information policy and approach to the dissemination of scientific and technical information. Included in this recognition of his efforts is information on an unfinished manuscript of major proportions covering the post-World War II efforts to create such a national policy. This manuscript includes a detailed history of the establishment and evolution of the Committee on Scientific and Technical Information (COSATI) and is available on the Internet Archive.
{"title":"Remembering \"Andy\" Aines: A look back at his call for a national STI policy","authors":"W. Penniman","doi":"10.3233/isu-210119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/isu-210119","url":null,"abstract":"A commemoration is presented of the passing 25 years ago of Andrew A. Aines, a pioneer and staunch advocate for a rational national information policy and approach to the dissemination of scientific and technical information. Included in this recognition of his efforts is information on an unfinished manuscript of major proportions covering the post-World War II efforts to create such a national policy. This manuscript includes a detailed history of the establishment and evolution of the Committee on Scientific and Technical Information (COSATI) and is available on the Internet Archive.","PeriodicalId":39698,"journal":{"name":"Information Services and Use","volume":"363 1","pages":"185-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90217238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Zefi Dimadama, Director General of International Centre for Black Sea Studies, (ICBSS) and Dr. Dionysia-Theodora Avgerinopoulou, Director of the European Institute of Law, Science and Technology (EILST) signed an Affiliation Agreement, in Athens, on 24 February 2012, aiming at establishing and developing cooperation between the two organisations with a view to promoting and enhancing the dialogue in fields of common interest.
{"title":"Press release","authors":"Georgios Mitrakos, Athina Korovesi, A. Lindh","doi":"10.3233/ISU-2006-26408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ISU-2006-26408","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Zefi Dimadama, Director General of International Centre for Black Sea Studies, (ICBSS) and Dr. Dionysia-Theodora Avgerinopoulou, Director of the European Institute of Law, Science and Technology (EILST) signed an Affiliation Agreement, in Athens, on 24 February 2012, aiming at establishing and developing cooperation between the two organisations with a view to promoting and enhancing the dialogue in fields of common interest.","PeriodicalId":39698,"journal":{"name":"Information Services and Use","volume":"35 1","pages":"315-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86255947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is based upon the 2021 Miles Conrad Award Lecture that was given by Heather Joseph at the second annual NISO Plus conference held virtually from February 22–25, 2021. The lecture provided a brief look back at the emergence of the Open Access (OA) movement in scholarly communication beginning with the E-biomed proposal in 1999 that was shortly followed by the Budapest Declaration released on February 14, 2002, through how far it has come in almost two decades. The author notes that the initial reaction to OA was often just a quick dismissal of it as an idealistic pipe dream and as the idea began to grow in popularity, skepticism changed into hostility. OA was criticized as being too disruptive to the then-existent publishing paradigm. Yet, far from disappearing, the movement towards the open sharing of knowledge steadily advanced. Today conversations about “why” or “whether” to open up the scholarly communication system have evolved into conversations about how best to do it. The author notes that the Budapest Declaration underscored that the end goal of OA is to empower individuals and communities around the world with the ability to share their knowledge as well as to share in accessing the knowledge of others. She warns that members of the global scholarly communication community must look critically at who currently can participate in the production of knowledge, and whose voices are represented in the “global intellectual conversation” that need to be facilitated. Whose voices are still are left out because structural barriers – be they technical, financial, legal, cultural, or linguistic – prevent them from joining?
{"title":"2021 Miles Conrad Award Lecture: Heather Joseph","authors":"H. Joseph","doi":"10.3233/isu-210116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/isu-210116","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based upon the 2021 Miles Conrad Award Lecture that was given by Heather Joseph at the second annual NISO Plus conference held virtually from February 22–25, 2021. The lecture provided a brief look back at the emergence of the Open Access (OA) movement in scholarly communication beginning with the E-biomed proposal in 1999 that was shortly followed by the Budapest Declaration released on February 14, 2002, through how far it has come in almost two decades. The author notes that the initial reaction to OA was often just a quick dismissal of it as an idealistic pipe dream and as the idea began to grow in popularity, skepticism changed into hostility. OA was criticized as being too disruptive to the then-existent publishing paradigm. Yet, far from disappearing, the movement towards the open sharing of knowledge steadily advanced. Today conversations about “why” or “whether” to open up the scholarly communication system have evolved into conversations about how best to do it. The author notes that the Budapest Declaration underscored that the end goal of OA is to empower individuals and communities around the world with the ability to share their knowledge as well as to share in accessing the knowledge of others. She warns that members of the global scholarly communication community must look critically at who currently can participate in the production of knowledge, and whose voices are represented in the “global intellectual conversation” that need to be facilitated. Whose voices are still are left out because structural barriers – be they technical, financial, legal, cultural, or linguistic – prevent them from joining?","PeriodicalId":39698,"journal":{"name":"Information Services and Use","volume":"35 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78388174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses upon the importance and value of local Indigenous Knowledge and how it is being threatened in today’s modern world rather than being leveraged to catalyze development. The author specifically calls out three types of Indigenous Knowledge: (1) medicinal knowledge related to human health, i.e., herbal medicine; (2) sacred groves – geographic areas set aside to preserve plants and animals and that can help to mitigate the impact of climate change; and (3) living libraries – communities of people who are also holders of cultural wisdom and history and who are custodians of all knowledge relating to the history of their own community. The author makes a call to action, requesting that scientists, librarians, publishers, and others in the information community collaborate and move forward together to save and build upon global Indigenous Knowledge.
{"title":"Connecting the world through local Indigenous Knowledge","authors":"M. Sraku-Lartey","doi":"10.3233/isu-210115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/isu-210115","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses upon the importance and value of local Indigenous Knowledge and how it is being threatened in today’s modern world rather than being leveraged to catalyze development. The author specifically calls out three types of Indigenous Knowledge: (1) medicinal knowledge related to human health, i.e., herbal medicine; (2) sacred groves – geographic areas set aside to preserve plants and animals and that can help to mitigate the impact of climate change; and (3) living libraries – communities of people who are also holders of cultural wisdom and history and who are custodians of all knowledge relating to the history of their own community. The author makes a call to action, requesting that scientists, librarians, publishers, and others in the information community collaborate and move forward together to save and build upon global Indigenous Knowledge.","PeriodicalId":39698,"journal":{"name":"Information Services and Use","volume":"46 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82683202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrée Rathemacher, Noah Levin, Stephanie Doellinger, Robert D. Heaton, Jason Friedman, Sheri Meares, Benjamin Johnson, Elif Eryilmaz-Sigwarth, Nettie Lagace
During the “NISO update” session at the NISO Plus 2021 conference, which took place online due to the COVID-19 pandemic, members of the KBART (Knowledge Base and Related Tools) Standing Committee presented their plans and work toward KBART Phase III, a revision of the KBART Recommended Practice. In an interactive breakout session, they sought input from attendees on how KBART is being used and what new content types it should support. Presenters from the KBART Standing Committee were Noah Levin (Independent Professional), Stephanie Doellinger (OCLC, Inc.), Robert Heaton (Utah State University), and Andrée Rathemacher (University of Rhode Island). Assisting them in preparing the presentation were Jason Friedman (Canadian Research Knowledge Network), Sheri Meares (EBSCO Information Services), Benjamin Johnson (ProQuest), Elif Eryilmaz-Sigwarth (Springer Nature), and Nettie Lagace (NISO).
在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间在线举行的NISO Plus 2021会议的“NISO更新”会议上，KBART(知识库和相关工具)常务委员会成员介绍了KBART第三阶段(KBART推荐实践的修订)的计划和工作。在一个互动式分组讨论中，他们就如何使用KBART以及它应该支持哪些新的内容类型向与会者征求意见。KBART常务委员会的演讲人是Noah Levin(独立专家)、Stephanie Doellinger (OCLC, Inc.)、Robert Heaton(犹他州立大学)和andr Rathemacher(罗德岛大学)。协助他们准备演讲的有Jason Friedman(加拿大研究知识网络)、Sheri Meares (EBSCO信息服务)、Benjamin Johnson (ProQuest)、Elif Eryilmaz-Sigwarth(施普林格·自然)和Nettie Lagace (NISO)。
{"title":"KBART Phase III: Unresolved questions","authors":"Andrée Rathemacher, Noah Levin, Stephanie Doellinger, Robert D. Heaton, Jason Friedman, Sheri Meares, Benjamin Johnson, Elif Eryilmaz-Sigwarth, Nettie Lagace","doi":"10.3233/isu-210112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/isu-210112","url":null,"abstract":"During the “NISO update” session at the NISO Plus 2021 conference, which took place online due to the COVID-19 pandemic, members of the KBART (Knowledge Base and Related Tools) Standing Committee presented their plans and work toward KBART Phase III, a revision of the KBART Recommended Practice. In an interactive breakout session, they sought input from attendees on how KBART is being used and what new content types it should support. Presenters from the KBART Standing Committee were Noah Levin (Independent Professional), Stephanie Doellinger (OCLC, Inc.), Robert Heaton (Utah State University), and Andrée Rathemacher (University of Rhode Island). Assisting them in preparing the presentation were Jason Friedman (Canadian Research Knowledge Network), Sheri Meares (EBSCO Information Services), Benjamin Johnson (ProQuest), Elif Eryilmaz-Sigwarth (Springer Nature), and Nettie Lagace (NISO).","PeriodicalId":39698,"journal":{"name":"Information Services and Use","volume":"38 1","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75875244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scholarly communications industry is turning its attention to large-scale metadata creation for enhancing discovery of content. Algorithms used to train Machine Learning are powerful, but need to be used carefully, not least because they can perpetuate bias, racism, and discrimination. Effective use of Machine Learning means facing several technological challenges head-on. This article highlights the specific needs of humanities research to address historical bias and prevent algorithmic bias in creating metadata for Machine Learning. It also argues that the return on investment for large-scale metadata creation begins with building transparency into metadata creation and handling.
{"title":"Creating return on investment for large-scale metadata creation","authors":"Michelle Urberg","doi":"10.3233/isu-210117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/isu-210117","url":null,"abstract":"The scholarly communications industry is turning its attention to large-scale metadata creation for enhancing discovery of content. Algorithms used to train Machine Learning are powerful, but need to be used carefully, not least because they can perpetuate bias, racism, and discrimination. Effective use of Machine Learning means facing several technological challenges head-on. This article highlights the specific needs of humanities research to address historical bias and prevent algorithmic bias in creating metadata for Machine Learning. It also argues that the return on investment for large-scale metadata creation begins with building transparency into metadata creation and handling.","PeriodicalId":39698,"journal":{"name":"Information Services and Use","volume":"3 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86878284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has a fearsome reputation as “the law that can fine you €20 million.” But behind that scary slogan lies a text that can be a very helpful guide to designing data processing systems. This paper explores that side of the GDPR: how understanding it can produce more effective - and more trustworthy - systems. Three popular myths often take designers down the wrong track: that GDPR is about stopping processing, is about users, and is about consent. Instead we consider, from a design perspective, the GDPR’s source material, its Principles, and its Lawful Bases for processing. Three examples - from the field of education, but widely applicable - show how “thinking with GDPR” has improved both the effectiveness and safety of large-scale data processing systems.
{"title":"Thinking with GDPR: A guide to better system design","authors":"A. Cormack","doi":"10.3233/isu-210107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/isu-210107","url":null,"abstract":"Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has a fearsome reputation as “the law that can fine you €20 million.” But behind that scary slogan lies a text that can be a very helpful guide to designing data processing systems. This paper explores that side of the GDPR: how understanding it can produce more effective - and more trustworthy - systems. Three popular myths often take designers down the wrong track: that GDPR is about stopping processing, is about users, and is about consent. Instead we consider, from a design perspective, the GDPR’s source material, its Principles, and its Lawful Bases for processing. Three examples - from the field of education, but widely applicable - show how “thinking with GDPR” has improved both the effectiveness and safety of large-scale data processing systems.","PeriodicalId":39698,"journal":{"name":"Information Services and Use","volume":"38 1","pages":"61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86059501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jodi Schneider, Michele Avissar-Whiting, C. Bakker, Hannah Heckner, S. Massip, Randy Townsend, Nathan D. Woods
Open science and preprints have invited a larger audience of readers, especially during the pandemic. Consequently, communicating the limitations and uncertainties of research to a broader public has become important over the entire information lifecycle. This paper brings together reports from the NISO Plus 2021 conference session “Misinformation and truth: from fake news to retractions to preprints”. We discuss the validation and verification of scientific information at the preprint stage in order to support sound and open science standards, at the publication stage in order to limit the spread of retracted research, and after publication, to fight fake news about health-related research by mining open access content.
开放科学和预印本吸引了更多的读者，特别是在大流行期间。因此，向更广泛的公众传达研究的局限性和不确定性在整个信息生命周期中变得非常重要。本文汇集了NISO Plus 2021会议会议“错误信息与真相:从假新闻到撤回再到预印本”的报告。我们在预印本阶段讨论科学信息的验证和验证，以支持健全和开放的科学标准，在出版阶段讨论科学信息的验证和验证，以限制撤回研究的传播，并在出版后通过挖掘开放获取内容来打击与健康相关的研究假新闻。
{"title":"Addressing disorder in scholarly communication: Strategies from NISO Plus 2021","authors":"Jodi Schneider, Michele Avissar-Whiting, C. Bakker, Hannah Heckner, S. Massip, Randy Townsend, Nathan D. Woods","doi":"10.3233/isu-210113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/isu-210113","url":null,"abstract":"Open science and preprints have invited a larger audience of readers, especially during the pandemic. Consequently, communicating the limitations and uncertainties of research to a broader public has become important over the entire information lifecycle. This paper brings together reports from the NISO Plus 2021 conference session “Misinformation and truth: from fake news to retractions to preprints”. We discuss the validation and verification of scientific information at the preprint stage in order to support sound and open science standards, at the publication stage in order to limit the spread of retracted research, and after publication, to fight fake news about health-related research by mining open access content.","PeriodicalId":39698,"journal":{"name":"Information Services and Use","volume":"23 1","pages":"107-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88752878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of digital health technologies is changing the ways people monitor and manage their health and well-being. There is increasing interest in using wearables and smartphone health apps to collect health-related data, a domain within digital health referred to as mHealth. Wearables and health apps can continuously monitor metrics such as physical activity, sleep, and heart rate, to name a few. These mHealth data can supplement the measures taken by healthcare professionals during regular doctor’s visits, with mHealth having the advantage of a much greater frequency of collection. But what are the privacy considerations with mHealth? This paper explores global data privacy protections, enumerates principles to guide regulations, discusses the tension between anonymity and data utility, and proposes ways to improve how we as a society talk about and safeguard data privacy. We include brief discussions about inadvertent or unintended consequences of digital data collection and the trade-off between privacy and public health interests, such as is illustrated by COVID-19 contract tracing apps. This paper concludes by offering suggestions for consideration about improving privacy and confidentiality notices.
{"title":"mHealth wearables and smartphone health tracking apps: A changing privacy landscape","authors":"Christine Suver, Ellen Kuwana","doi":"10.3233/isu-210114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/isu-210114","url":null,"abstract":"The use of digital health technologies is changing the ways people monitor and manage their health and well-being. There is increasing interest in using wearables and smartphone health apps to collect health-related data, a domain within digital health referred to as mHealth. Wearables and health apps can continuously monitor metrics such as physical activity, sleep, and heart rate, to name a few. These mHealth data can supplement the measures taken by healthcare professionals during regular doctor’s visits, with mHealth having the advantage of a much greater frequency of collection. But what are the privacy considerations with mHealth? This paper explores global data privacy protections, enumerates principles to guide regulations, discusses the tension between anonymity and data utility, and proposes ways to improve how we as a society talk about and safeguard data privacy. We include brief discussions about inadvertent or unintended consequences of digital data collection and the trade-off between privacy and public health interests, such as is illustrated by COVID-19 contract tracing apps. This paper concludes by offering suggestions for consideration about improving privacy and confidentiality notices.","PeriodicalId":39698,"journal":{"name":"Information Services and Use","volume":"96 1","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76002797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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