Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2022.52.2.041
Jeong-Weon Yoon
and limitations of new breakpoints with a review of large study data. In addition, I reviewed problems associated with each antimicrobial breakpoint and made suggestions for how they might be improved, for example, increasing or decreasing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or zone diameter, deleting or adding an S, I, or R category, introducing new concepts (such as susceptible-dose dependent (SDD)), and requesting more evaluation methods. Conclusions; CLSI annually publishes guidelines for antimicrobial resistance tests. I reviewed problems associated with each antimicrobial breakpoint for last 4 years, and made suggestions for how they might be improved. limitations pneumoniae , by whole genome sequencing. With increased MICs, monitoring of this horizontally transferable gene and breakpoint reevaluation in isolates, including isolates with MICs greater than 0.25 μg/mL , are needed. The clinical association with this transferable gene is also needed to be evaluated on a larger cohort. ceftolozane/tazobactam, meropenem/vaborbactam and imipenem/relebactam inhibit ESBL, CRE or CRPA. Avibactam or vaborbactam reduces the MIC of β-lactam drugs by several fold, showing an effect on ESBL, AmpC, or KPC; however, it has no effect on metallo-β-lactamase, oxa-type β-lactamase, or resistance to porin mutation (38). As an antimicrobial resistance detection method, the disk diffusion method of ceftazidime/avibactam or imipenem/relebactam has low categorical agreement compared to reference broth microdilution in CRE isolates and it overcalls resistance (39-41). Therefore, reevaluation of the disk diffusion method is required. The E-test of imipenem/relebactam categorical agreement was > 90%; however, the E-test showed a one-grade high MIC result. Therefore, isolates with an E-test MIC of 2–4 μg/mL should be retested with broth microdilution to reduce major or minor errors. The resistance to β-lactam combination agents is transferred by conjugation, with the possibility of horizontal transfer of low-level resistance in CRE and CRPA, and the resistance mechanism of β-lactam combination agents should be detected using whole genome sequencing.
{"title":"Focused Commentary; About Revision of CLSI Antimicrobial Breakpoints, 2018-2021","authors":"Jeong-Weon Yoon","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2022.52.2.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2022.52.2.041","url":null,"abstract":"and limitations of new breakpoints with a review of large study data. In addition, I reviewed problems associated with each antimicrobial breakpoint and made suggestions for how they might be improved, for example, increasing or decreasing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or zone diameter, deleting or adding an S, I, or R category, introducing new concepts (such as susceptible-dose dependent (SDD)), and requesting more evaluation methods. Conclusions; CLSI annually publishes guidelines for antimicrobial resistance tests. I reviewed problems associated with each antimicrobial breakpoint for last 4 years, and made suggestions for how they might be improved. limitations pneumoniae , by whole genome sequencing. With increased MICs, monitoring of this horizontally transferable gene and breakpoint reevaluation in isolates, including isolates with MICs greater than 0.25 μg/mL , are needed. The clinical association with this transferable gene is also needed to be evaluated on a larger cohort. ceftolozane/tazobactam, meropenem/vaborbactam and imipenem/relebactam inhibit ESBL, CRE or CRPA. Avibactam or vaborbactam reduces the MIC of β-lactam drugs by several fold, showing an effect on ESBL, AmpC, or KPC; however, it has no effect on metallo-β-lactamase, oxa-type β-lactamase, or resistance to porin mutation (38). As an antimicrobial resistance detection method, the disk diffusion method of ceftazidime/avibactam or imipenem/relebactam has low categorical agreement compared to reference broth microdilution in CRE isolates and it overcalls resistance (39-41). Therefore, reevaluation of the disk diffusion method is required. The E-test of imipenem/relebactam categorical agreement was > 90%; however, the E-test showed a one-grade high MIC result. Therefore, isolates with an E-test MIC of 2–4 μg/mL should be retested with broth microdilution to reduce major or minor errors. The resistance to β-lactam combination agents is transferred by conjugation, with the possibility of horizontal transfer of low-level resistance in CRE and CRPA, and the resistance mechanism of β-lactam combination agents should be detected using whole genome sequencing.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42198402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2022.52.2.064
Myung‐Deok Kim‐Jeon, S. Moon, S. Oh, Haeyoung Kim, Y. Koh, S. Jegal, S. Han, Mi Yeon Lee, Y. Gong, Y. Park
The rural areas are the main outbreak sites of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). To identify the seroprevelance of SFTS in rural island, we conducted a serosurveillance study of SFTS virus (SFTSV) of the general public in Mui Island, a representative rural island of Incheon, South Korea. A total of 203 participants (female 127, male 76, 30 to 97 years old, median 67) without symptoms or signs of SFTS were collected via a convenience sampling. Nested reverse transcription PCR was conducted for both the S and M segments of SFTSV gene. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was also performed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against SFTSV. Only 1 participant (0.5%) was positive to SFTSV gene without IgM against SFTSV. In addition, 12 participants (5.9%) were positive to IgG against SFTSV. Seropositive rate of IgG against SFTSV was higher in age group >65 than ≤65 (9.6% vs . 1.1%, OR 9.202; 95% CI, 1.165–72.692; p=0.026) and was not statistically significant according to sex, occupation and duration of residence in Mui Island. This study suggests that SFTSV readily have infected humans in the rural island of Incheon, South Korea. Therefore, reinforced surveillance about SFTS is needed, focusing on medically vulnerable area such as an island. This is the first seroprevalence report of SFTSV in the rural island of Incheon, South Korea. We found the seroprevalence of SFTSV gene 0.5% (1/203, 95% CI, 0.01–2.7%) and SFTSV antibodies 5.9% (12/203, 95% CI, 3.1–10.1%) among the general population on Mui Island, Incheon, South Korea. This study is significant in that it confirmed the seroprevalence of asymptomatic SFTS in the rural island, a medically vulnerable area. So far, no SFTS patients have been reported in Mui Island. This may suggest a lack of proper infectious diseases surveillances and patient reporting in areas with very low access to health care.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Mui Island, Rural Area, Incheon, South Korea","authors":"Myung‐Deok Kim‐Jeon, S. Moon, S. Oh, Haeyoung Kim, Y. Koh, S. Jegal, S. Han, Mi Yeon Lee, Y. Gong, Y. Park","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2022.52.2.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2022.52.2.064","url":null,"abstract":"The rural areas are the main outbreak sites of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). To identify the seroprevelance of SFTS in rural island, we conducted a serosurveillance study of SFTS virus (SFTSV) of the general public in Mui Island, a representative rural island of Incheon, South Korea. A total of 203 participants (female 127, male 76, 30 to 97 years old, median 67) without symptoms or signs of SFTS were collected via a convenience sampling. Nested reverse transcription PCR was conducted for both the S and M segments of SFTSV gene. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was also performed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against SFTSV. Only 1 participant (0.5%) was positive to SFTSV gene without IgM against SFTSV. In addition, 12 participants (5.9%) were positive to IgG against SFTSV. Seropositive rate of IgG against SFTSV was higher in age group >65 than ≤65 (9.6% vs . 1.1%, OR 9.202; 95% CI, 1.165–72.692; p=0.026) and was not statistically significant according to sex, occupation and duration of residence in Mui Island. This study suggests that SFTSV readily have infected humans in the rural island of Incheon, South Korea. Therefore, reinforced surveillance about SFTS is needed, focusing on medically vulnerable area such as an island. This is the first seroprevalence report of SFTSV in the rural island of Incheon, South Korea. We found the seroprevalence of SFTSV gene 0.5% (1/203, 95% CI, 0.01–2.7%) and SFTSV antibodies 5.9% (12/203, 95% CI, 3.1–10.1%) among the general population on Mui Island, Incheon, South Korea. This study is significant in that it confirmed the seroprevalence of asymptomatic SFTS in the rural island, a medically vulnerable area. So far, no SFTS patients have been reported in Mui Island. This may suggest a lack of proper infectious diseases surveillances and patient reporting in areas with very low access to health care.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45731568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.001
So Yeon Yi, J. Kwon, Jae Hoon Lee, Kyungah Yoon, Y. Shin, Kyoungsook Park
license/by-nc/3.0/). The infection of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) can cause global public health problems, many of which are undifferentiated. Thus, their differential diagnosis is critical to proper patient management. In this study, we present a novel multiplex diagnostic system based on the lateral flow assay (LFA) using ficolin-1 and two-color latex beads labeled with antibodies to detect the dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in a single strip. We investigated the binding of ficolin-1, a human innate immune system defense protein, to the viral envelope protein (EP) and developed the LFA system that contains the capturing agent, ficolin-1, which was immobilized on the test line. Our diagnostic system could differentially detect DENV-2 and CHIKV based on the color of the detecting agent in the test line of the strip. The limit of detection (LOD) by naked-eye observation in the multiplex LFA for viral EPs was 25 nM and that for the whole virus was 1 ´ 10 6 TCID 50 /mL per strip. Thus, multiplex LFA using ficolin-1 provides a rapid method for simultaneously detecting DENV and CHIKV and can be employed to monitor the status of circulating mosquitoes in a region at risk for DENV and/or CHIKV (FBG) domain and activates the complement lectin pathway (12, 13). Recently, several reports have demonstrated that ficolin-1 binds to the viral EP and bacterial membrane and activates the complement system to initiate an antimicrobial response (11, 14, 15). In this study, we developed a novel multiplex diagnostic system based on the lateral flow assay (LFA) using ficolin-1 and two-color latex beads labeled with antibodies to detect DENV and CHIKV on a single strip. Ficolin-1 was used as the capturing agent at the test line; red latex beads conjugated with anti-DENV monoclonal antibody (mAb) and blue latex beads conjugated with anti-CHIKV mAb were used as the detecting agents in the strip test. Accumulation of the virus– colored detecting agent complex at the test line was based on the virus capture by ficolin-1. The differential diagnosis of DENV-2 and CHIKV can be achieved by observing the color of the test line. The limit of detection (LOD) by naked-eye observation in our multiplex LFA for the viral EP was 25 nM and that for the whole virus was 1 ´ 10 6 TCID 50 /mL per strip. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to simultaneously detect and differentiate DENV and CHIKV in a single test line with ficolin-1 on a single strip. This LFA will be a powerful tool as a multiplex platform for the rapid differential diagnosis of DENV and CHIKV and can have clinical and DENV-4 EPΔTM. The EPs with TM-domain were used enhance the secretion of EPs. The anti-CHIKV monoclonal antibody laboratory and the (USA). The anti-DENV mAb reactive with DENV serotype-1, -2, -3, and -4. The nitrocellulose
{"title":"Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses by a Multiplex Lateral Flow Assay Using Ficolin-1, One of Human Innate Immune Defense Proteins","authors":"So Yeon Yi, J. Kwon, Jae Hoon Lee, Kyungah Yoon, Y. Shin, Kyoungsook Park","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"license/by-nc/3.0/). The infection of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) can cause global public health problems, many of which are undifferentiated. Thus, their differential diagnosis is critical to proper patient management. In this study, we present a novel multiplex diagnostic system based on the lateral flow assay (LFA) using ficolin-1 and two-color latex beads labeled with antibodies to detect the dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in a single strip. We investigated the binding of ficolin-1, a human innate immune system defense protein, to the viral envelope protein (EP) and developed the LFA system that contains the capturing agent, ficolin-1, which was immobilized on the test line. Our diagnostic system could differentially detect DENV-2 and CHIKV based on the color of the detecting agent in the test line of the strip. The limit of detection (LOD) by naked-eye observation in the multiplex LFA for viral EPs was 25 nM and that for the whole virus was 1 ´ 10 6 TCID 50 /mL per strip. Thus, multiplex LFA using ficolin-1 provides a rapid method for simultaneously detecting DENV and CHIKV and can be employed to monitor the status of circulating mosquitoes in a region at risk for DENV and/or CHIKV (FBG) domain and activates the complement lectin pathway (12, 13). Recently, several reports have demonstrated that ficolin-1 binds to the viral EP and bacterial membrane and activates the complement system to initiate an antimicrobial response (11, 14, 15). In this study, we developed a novel multiplex diagnostic system based on the lateral flow assay (LFA) using ficolin-1 and two-color latex beads labeled with antibodies to detect DENV and CHIKV on a single strip. Ficolin-1 was used as the capturing agent at the test line; red latex beads conjugated with anti-DENV monoclonal antibody (mAb) and blue latex beads conjugated with anti-CHIKV mAb were used as the detecting agents in the strip test. Accumulation of the virus– colored detecting agent complex at the test line was based on the virus capture by ficolin-1. The differential diagnosis of DENV-2 and CHIKV can be achieved by observing the color of the test line. The limit of detection (LOD) by naked-eye observation in our multiplex LFA for the viral EP was 25 nM and that for the whole virus was 1 ´ 10 6 TCID 50 /mL per strip. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to simultaneously detect and differentiate DENV and CHIKV in a single test line with ficolin-1 on a single strip. This LFA will be a powerful tool as a multiplex platform for the rapid differential diagnosis of DENV and CHIKV and can have clinical and DENV-4 EPΔTM. The EPs with TM-domain were used enhance the secretion of EPs. The anti-CHIKV monoclonal antibody laboratory and the (USA). The anti-DENV mAb reactive with DENV serotype-1, -2, -3, and -4. The nitrocellulose","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44937974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.020
H. Choi
(http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are primary causative agents of aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and myocarditis in infants and children and immunocompromised individuals. However, there are no approved treatments for NPEVs. It has been reported that flavonoids are abundantly found in plants and have antiviral activities. In this study, we explored the antiviral potential of quercetin-3-glucoside (Q3G), a natural flavonoid, against NPEVs such as coxsackievirus A16 and B3 (CVA16 and CVB3), enterovirus 71 (EV71), and human rhinovirus 1B (HRV 1B). Q3G showed potent antiviral activity against CVA16, CVB3, EV71, and HRV1B by suppressing the expression of viral RNA at the early stages of infection. Therefore, Q3G inhibits the early stages of the viral replication cycle and may provide an essential alternative for treating EV71, CVB3, CVA16, The 5`NCR gene of HRV1B was detected at 4 hours after infection. However, Q3G strongly suppressed viral RNA expression up to 10 hours after CVA16, CVB3 and HRV1B infection, while EV71 gene expression until 8 hours after infection (Fig. 2). To investigate which step was affected by Q3G, we performed a time-of-addition experiment in which 10 µ g/ml Q3G was added to the culture media at each indicated time of post-infection. And the expression of 5` NCR gene in EV71, CVA16, CVB3 and HRV1B were analyzed at 14 hours after infection. When EV71, CVA16, CVB3 and HRV1B were infected to Vero cells or Hela cells which were treated Q3G before 1 hour, but the virus infection was not inhibited. As a result, it was considered that Q3G did not shows inhibition in the entry stage of EV71, CVA16, CVB3 and HRV1B into the cell. However, when treating Q3G in 1, 2, and 4 hours after infection of EV71, CVA16, CVB3 and HRV1B result shows that viral RNA expression was suppressed in cells (Fig. 3). These results suggest that Q3G suppresses the immediate early stage of the cycle of viral replication. compounds result in unexpected benefits showing increasing the range of immune response and decreasing the therapeutic dose (17, 18). The synthetic antivirals are designed to inhibit a special step of the virus cycle but reveal a high mutational rate with increasing resistant viral strains (15). The plant flavonoids were some of the first compositions of plants possessing antiviral efficacy as well as several quinone derivatives (19, 20). Q3G is a polyphenolic compound extracted various plants that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (21). Our study teams reported antiviral activity of various flavonoids against several enteroviruses, influenza virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (22-27). In this study, Q3G showed high antiviral activity against EV71, CVB3, CVA16 and HRV1B belonging to the Picornaviridae family with non-cytotoxicity at treated maximum concentration (50 μ g/mL). Q3G also strongly suppressed virus RNA expression up to 10
{"title":"Antiviral Activity of Quercetin-3-Glucoside Against Non-Polio Enterovirus","authors":"H. Choi","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.020","url":null,"abstract":"(http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are primary causative agents of aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and myocarditis in infants and children and immunocompromised individuals. However, there are no approved treatments for NPEVs. It has been reported that flavonoids are abundantly found in plants and have antiviral activities. In this study, we explored the antiviral potential of quercetin-3-glucoside (Q3G), a natural flavonoid, against NPEVs such as coxsackievirus A16 and B3 (CVA16 and CVB3), enterovirus 71 (EV71), and human rhinovirus 1B (HRV 1B). Q3G showed potent antiviral activity against CVA16, CVB3, EV71, and HRV1B by suppressing the expression of viral RNA at the early stages of infection. Therefore, Q3G inhibits the early stages of the viral replication cycle and may provide an essential alternative for treating EV71, CVB3, CVA16, The 5`NCR gene of HRV1B was detected at 4 hours after infection. However, Q3G strongly suppressed viral RNA expression up to 10 hours after CVA16, CVB3 and HRV1B infection, while EV71 gene expression until 8 hours after infection (Fig. 2). To investigate which step was affected by Q3G, we performed a time-of-addition experiment in which 10 µ g/ml Q3G was added to the culture media at each indicated time of post-infection. And the expression of 5` NCR gene in EV71, CVA16, CVB3 and HRV1B were analyzed at 14 hours after infection. When EV71, CVA16, CVB3 and HRV1B were infected to Vero cells or Hela cells which were treated Q3G before 1 hour, but the virus infection was not inhibited. As a result, it was considered that Q3G did not shows inhibition in the entry stage of EV71, CVA16, CVB3 and HRV1B into the cell. However, when treating Q3G in 1, 2, and 4 hours after infection of EV71, CVA16, CVB3 and HRV1B result shows that viral RNA expression was suppressed in cells (Fig. 3). These results suggest that Q3G suppresses the immediate early stage of the cycle of viral replication. compounds result in unexpected benefits showing increasing the range of immune response and decreasing the therapeutic dose (17, 18). The synthetic antivirals are designed to inhibit a special step of the virus cycle but reveal a high mutational rate with increasing resistant viral strains (15). The plant flavonoids were some of the first compositions of plants possessing antiviral efficacy as well as several quinone derivatives (19, 20). Q3G is a polyphenolic compound extracted various plants that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (21). Our study teams reported antiviral activity of various flavonoids against several enteroviruses, influenza virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (22-27). In this study, Q3G showed high antiviral activity against EV71, CVB3, CVA16 and HRV1B belonging to the Picornaviridae family with non-cytotoxicity at treated maximum concentration (50 μ g/mL). Q3G also strongly suppressed virus RNA expression up to 10","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42776875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.011
Dong-Kun Yang, Yu-Ri Park, Yesel Park, B. Hyun
license/by-nc/3.0/). Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a life-threatening pathogen in dogs. Clinical, pathological and molecular methods are required to diagnose CDV infection, and it is important to differentiate between the Korean CDV strain CD1901 and Lederle CDV vaccine strain. Therefore, in this study, we used multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to differentiate between the CD1901 and Lederle strains. A primer set was designed based on the CDV nucleoprotein gene and nucleotide sequence variation in the fusion (F) gene. First, 224-bp DNA bands were amplified from viral RNA of the CD1901 and Lederle strains. Then, 428- and 326-bp DNA bands were amplified in the CD1901 and Lederle strain, respectively. The multiplex RT-PCR detection limits were 2.53 and 0.8 median tissue culture infectious dose/reaction for the CD1901 and Lederle strains, respectively. No cross-reactions were detected in non-CDV reference viruses, including rabies virus, parvovirus, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and parainfluenza virus. The results indicate that our one-step multiplex RT-PCR is useful for differentiating between wildtype and vaccine CDV distemper. The CD1901 and Lederle strains were propagated in Vero/dSLAM cells expressing the dog SLAM gene in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing two antibiotics, an antifungal agent, and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA). The CD1901 and Lederle strains were used as positive controls for multiplex RT-PCR, and the analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity of the primers were determined. Four commercial distemper/adeno/parvo/parainfluenza (DAPP) vaccines containing CDV, canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) or canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine parvovirus (CPV), and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) manufactured by Korean biological companies were used for multiplex showed high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between
许可/通过数控/ 3.0 /)。犬瘟热病毒(CDV)是一种威胁狗生命的病原体。诊断CDV感染需要临床、病理和分子方法，区分韩国CD1901株和Lederle CDV疫苗株是很重要的。因此，在本研究中，我们采用多重反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)来区分CD1901和Lederle菌株。根据CDV核蛋白基因和融合基因(F)的核苷酸序列变异设计引物。首先，从CD1901和Lederle株的病毒RNA中扩增出224 bp的DNA条带。然后在CD1901和Lederle菌株中分别扩增出428和326 bp的DNA条带。CD1901和Lederle菌株的多重RT-PCR检测限分别为2.53和0.8中位组织培养感染剂量/反应。狂犬病病毒、细小病毒、犬腺病毒1型和2型、副流感病毒等非cdv参比病毒未见交叉反应。结果表明，我们的一步多重RT-PCR可用于区分野生型和疫苗型CDV犬瘟热。CD1901和Lederle菌株在含有两种抗生素、一种抗真菌剂和10%热灭活胎牛血清的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基(Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA)中表达狗SLAM基因的Vero/dSLAM细胞中繁殖。以CD1901和Lederle菌株为阳性对照进行多重RT-PCR，测定引物的分析敏感性和分析特异性。利用国内生物企业生产的含有CDV、犬腺病毒1型(CAV-1)、犬腺病毒2型(CAV-2)、犬细小病毒(CPV)、犬副流感病毒(CPIV)的4种市产犬瘟热/腺病毒/细小病毒/副流感(DAPP)疫苗进行多重检测，具有较高的敏感性和特异性
{"title":"Establishment of Multiplex RT-PCR for Differentiating between the CD1901 and Lederle Strains of Canine Distemper Virus","authors":"Dong-Kun Yang, Yu-Ri Park, Yesel Park, B. Hyun","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"license/by-nc/3.0/). Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a life-threatening pathogen in dogs. Clinical, pathological and molecular methods are required to diagnose CDV infection, and it is important to differentiate between the Korean CDV strain CD1901 and Lederle CDV vaccine strain. Therefore, in this study, we used multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to differentiate between the CD1901 and Lederle strains. A primer set was designed based on the CDV nucleoprotein gene and nucleotide sequence variation in the fusion (F) gene. First, 224-bp DNA bands were amplified from viral RNA of the CD1901 and Lederle strains. Then, 428- and 326-bp DNA bands were amplified in the CD1901 and Lederle strain, respectively. The multiplex RT-PCR detection limits were 2.53 and 0.8 median tissue culture infectious dose/reaction for the CD1901 and Lederle strains, respectively. No cross-reactions were detected in non-CDV reference viruses, including rabies virus, parvovirus, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and parainfluenza virus. The results indicate that our one-step multiplex RT-PCR is useful for differentiating between wildtype and vaccine CDV distemper. The CD1901 and Lederle strains were propagated in Vero/dSLAM cells expressing the dog SLAM gene in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing two antibiotics, an antifungal agent, and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA). The CD1901 and Lederle strains were used as positive controls for multiplex RT-PCR, and the analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity of the primers were determined. Four commercial distemper/adeno/parvo/parainfluenza (DAPP) vaccines containing CDV, canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) or canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine parvovirus (CPV), and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) manufactured by Korean biological companies were used for multiplex showed high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42900119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.028
Sang-Hun Park, So-Hyun Park, Jin-Seok Kim, Jin-Kyung Yu, Jin-Kyoung Kim, H. Suh, E. Kwon, Kyoung Ae Park, Eui Kyung Cha, J. M. Shin, Hyo-Won Jeoung, Sujin Jeon, Young-Ok Hwang, Jibho Lee, Yong-Seoung Shin
(http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). The present study was carried out to describe the prevalence and characteristics of CPEs among the CRE strains isolated from adult and children patients. A total of 8,147 clinical isolates were obtained from blood, urine, stool, sputum, lesion, bile, pus, tracheal aspiration, and etc., hospitals from 2018 to 2020. Species identification was confirmed by Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Bremen, Germany) and VITEK 2 (bioM é rieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). K. pneumoniae , which was detected in 4,690 (58.9%), was the most common isolated CRE, followed by Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) (detected in 1,747 [20.8%]), Enterobacter cloacae complex (502 [6.0%]), Citrobacter koseri (265 [3.1%]), Klebsiella aerogenes (254 [3.0%]), and Citrobacter freundii (220 [2.6%]). More than half of the detected CPE types were KPC-2 (58.6%), followed by NDM-1 (7.4%), NDM-5 (3.4%). Co-existence of NDM-5 and OXA-181 was detected in E. coli (60/63, 95.2%) followed by K. pneumoniae (3/63, 4.8%). These findings provide good basic data for comprehensive surveillance of CREs suggesting that KPC Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases ( Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases) and NDM (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase) are widespread in
{"title":"Genetic Distribution of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Seoul Korea, 2018~2020","authors":"Sang-Hun Park, So-Hyun Park, Jin-Seok Kim, Jin-Kyung Yu, Jin-Kyoung Kim, H. Suh, E. Kwon, Kyoung Ae Park, Eui Kyung Cha, J. M. Shin, Hyo-Won Jeoung, Sujin Jeon, Young-Ok Hwang, Jibho Lee, Yong-Seoung Shin","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2022.52.1.028","url":null,"abstract":"(http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). The present study was carried out to describe the prevalence and characteristics of CPEs among the CRE strains isolated from adult and children patients. A total of 8,147 clinical isolates were obtained from blood, urine, stool, sputum, lesion, bile, pus, tracheal aspiration, and etc., hospitals from 2018 to 2020. Species identification was confirmed by Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Bremen, Germany) and VITEK 2 (bioM é rieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). K. pneumoniae , which was detected in 4,690 (58.9%), was the most common isolated CRE, followed by Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) (detected in 1,747 [20.8%]), Enterobacter cloacae complex (502 [6.0%]), Citrobacter koseri (265 [3.1%]), Klebsiella aerogenes (254 [3.0%]), and Citrobacter freundii (220 [2.6%]). More than half of the detected CPE types were KPC-2 (58.6%), followed by NDM-1 (7.4%), NDM-5 (3.4%). Co-existence of NDM-5 and OXA-181 was detected in E. coli (60/63, 95.2%) followed by K. pneumoniae (3/63, 4.8%). These findings provide good basic data for comprehensive surveillance of CREs suggesting that KPC Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases ( Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases) and NDM (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase) are widespread in","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47255977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.163
Yoon Hee Choi, S. Kim, Yeuni Yu, Seo-Young Lee, Yumin Jung, Do Young Kim, Myoung Soo Kim, H. Na
Department of Internal Medicine, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea Artificial Kidney Room, Busan Medical Center, Busan 47527, Republic of Korea Interdisplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea Department of Nursing, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea Department of Oral Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
{"title":"Oral Microbiota Change in Intubated Patients under Mechanical Ventilation","authors":"Yoon Hee Choi, S. Kim, Yeuni Yu, Seo-Young Lee, Yumin Jung, Do Young Kim, Myoung Soo Kim, H. Na","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.163","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea Artificial Kidney Room, Busan Medical Center, Busan 47527, Republic of Korea Interdisplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea Department of Nursing, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea Department of Oral Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42730479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.149
F. Akhter, M. S. Rahman, G. Amin, Md. Ibrahim Miah, Young‐Sang Koh
Fatema Akhter, Mohammad Saydur Rahman, G M Al Amin, Md. Ibrahim Miah, Young-Sang Koh Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
Fatema Akhter, Mohammad Saydur Rahman, Al Amin, Md. Ibrahim Miah, yang - sang Koh, Jagannath大学药学系，达卡1100，孟加拉国Jagannath大学植物学系，达卡1100，孟加拉国达卡大学微生物学系，达卡1000，孟加拉国医学院微生物学和免疫学系，以及济州国立济州大学济州天然药物研究中心，济州63243，韩国
{"title":"Beneficial Therapy with Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Supplements","authors":"F. Akhter, M. S. Rahman, G. Amin, Md. Ibrahim Miah, Young‐Sang Koh","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.149","url":null,"abstract":"Fatema Akhter, Mohammad Saydur Rahman, G M Al Amin, Md. Ibrahim Miah, Young-Sang Koh Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45027804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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