Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.054
Jung‐hee Lee, Myoung-Ki Park, Young-su Kim, Bu-Geon Lim, Hye-Yeoun Lee, Young-sug Kim
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Apartment houses is typical residential type of South Korea and was presumed the route of infection of legionellosis. But data on the management status and the risk of infection about apartment houses is lack. Therefore, we tried to investigate of prevalence and risk factors of Legionella in apartment houses. This study examined 111 samples collected from 37 apartment houses (37 hot water, 37 cold water, 37 sediments inside of faucets) and 142 hot water samples collected from 142 public-use facilities. As a result, nine of 37 apartment houses were contaminated with Legionella in only hot water and two were contaminated with Legionella in hot water and faucets. The prevalence of Legionella in hot water of apartment houses and public-use facilities was 29.7% and 20.4%, respectively. However, the percentages of bacteria exceeding 1,000 CFU/L was 13.5% and 16.2% in respectively. The analysis of the prevalence of Legionella by age of apartment houses showed 6.7% for 1 to 10 years, 33.3% for 10 to 20 years and 53.8% exceed 20 years. Analysis of the serotype of isolated Legionella was that two were L. pneumophila sg1, seven were L. pneumophila sg2-14, and four were Legionella spp.
{"title":"Investigation of the Prevalence of Legionella in Apartment Houses","authors":"Jung‐hee Lee, Myoung-Ki Park, Young-su Kim, Bu-Geon Lim, Hye-Yeoun Lee, Young-sug Kim","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.054","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Apartment houses is typical residential type of South Korea and was presumed the route of infection of legionellosis. But data on the management status and the risk of infection about apartment houses is lack. Therefore, we tried to investigate of prevalence and risk factors of Legionella in apartment houses. This study examined 111 samples collected from 37 apartment houses (37 hot water, 37 cold water, 37 sediments inside of faucets) and 142 hot water samples collected from 142 public-use facilities. As a result, nine of 37 apartment houses were contaminated with Legionella in only hot water and two were contaminated with Legionella in hot water and faucets. The prevalence of Legionella in hot water of apartment houses and public-use facilities was 29.7% and 20.4%, respectively. However, the percentages of bacteria exceeding 1,000 CFU/L was 13.5% and 16.2% in respectively. The analysis of the prevalence of Legionella by age of apartment houses showed 6.7% for 1 to 10 years, 33.3% for 10 to 20 years and 53.8% exceed 20 years. Analysis of the serotype of isolated Legionella was that two were L. pneumophila sg1, seven were L. pneumophila sg2-14, and four were Legionella spp.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46458775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.62
E. Oh, Sang‐Myeong Lee
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with the capacity to eliminate virus-infected and cancer cells. Therefore, enhancing NK cell activity remains a promising strategy to control viral infection and cancer development. Recent studies highlighted the immunostimulatory effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially via activation of NK cells. Among LAB, Weissella cibaria JW15, isolated from kimchi, activated splenocytes and enhanced immune responses, but whether JW15 enhanced NK cell activity was unclear. In this study, we investigated if JW15 affects NK cell activity and a possible role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by JW15 in immune-stimulatory activity. Splenocytes or NK cells isolated from mice were treated with live JW15 or EPS, and then evaluated for cell surface levels of activation markers, intracellular levels of granzyme B and perforin, cytokine production, including IFN-γ, and cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Our results revealed that JW15 induced the activation of NK cells, as shown by increased NK cell cytotoxicity activity, as well as increased activation markers and IFN-γ production. In addition, EPS activated NK cells and splenocytes, leading to the secretion of various cytokines. Furthermore, oral administration of live JW15 increased NK cell cytotoxicity. Taken together, our findings suggest JW15 as a promising probiotic candidate strain with the immune-enhancing potential to prevent or treat viral infection and cancer.
{"title":"Natural Killer Cell Activation by Weissella cibaria JW15 Isolated from Kimchi","authors":"E. Oh, Sang‐Myeong Lee","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with the capacity to eliminate virus-infected and cancer cells. Therefore, enhancing NK cell activity remains a promising strategy to control viral infection and cancer development. Recent studies highlighted the immunostimulatory effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially via activation of NK cells. Among LAB, Weissella cibaria JW15, isolated from kimchi, activated splenocytes and enhanced immune responses, but whether JW15 enhanced NK cell activity was unclear. In this study, we investigated if JW15 affects NK cell activity and a possible role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by JW15 in immune-stimulatory activity. Splenocytes or NK cells isolated from mice were treated with live JW15 or EPS, and then evaluated for cell surface levels of activation markers, intracellular levels of granzyme B and perforin, cytokine production, including IFN-γ, and cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Our results revealed that JW15 induced the activation of NK cells, as shown by increased NK cell cytotoxicity activity, as well as increased activation markers and IFN-γ production. In addition, EPS activated NK cells and splenocytes, leading to the secretion of various cytokines. Furthermore, oral administration of live JW15 increased NK cell cytotoxicity. Taken together, our findings suggest JW15 as a promising probiotic candidate strain with the immune-enhancing potential to prevent or treat viral infection and cancer.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49021943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.001
S. Kim, Jinwoong Lee, Sol Jeon, Sungkwan An, I. Y. Hwang, J. Moon, J. K. Park, T. Yang, J. Son, D. Kim, J. Jang, Seulgi Park, E. Choi, J. K. Kim, Jin Tae Hong, Jong Won Kim
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). The reference standards perform an important role in standardization and consistent quality control of biologicals such as vaccines. The study was aimed to establish the 2nd national standard for diphtheria toxin used in diphtheria potency assay of diphtheria toxoid combined vaccines. The stocks of the first national standard established in 2007 were exhausted, and in 2019, Freeze-dried diphtheria toxin was produced in two lots, 1,962 and 1,942 vials respectively. The feasibility of manufacturing was evaluated through quality evaluation and long-term and accelerated stability tests for candidates. In order to assign the potency of candidate standards, the collaborative study was conducted with five institutions including vaccine manufacturers. The potency of the candidate standards was assigned a value of 210 L+/vial (95% confidence intervalMFDSB-19-002: 208.52~221.58 L+/vial, MFDS-B-19-003: 208.63~219.61 L+/vial). It was confirmed that there was a significant difference in the basic statistics of institutions through One-way ANOVA. But when the post hoc test was conducted to verify the result of ANOVA, not much difference was shown from individual institutions as low variability. Additionally, statistical equivalence was confirmed from institutions. The candidate standard whose quality has been verified will be registered as the second national standard for diphtheria toxin.
{"title":"Establishment of the 2nd National Reference Standard for Diphtheria toxin in Korea","authors":"S. Kim, Jinwoong Lee, Sol Jeon, Sungkwan An, I. Y. Hwang, J. Moon, J. K. Park, T. Yang, J. Son, D. Kim, J. Jang, Seulgi Park, E. Choi, J. K. Kim, Jin Tae Hong, Jong Won Kim","doi":"10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). The reference standards perform an important role in standardization and consistent quality control of biologicals such as vaccines. The study was aimed to establish the 2nd national standard for diphtheria toxin used in diphtheria potency assay of diphtheria toxoid combined vaccines. The stocks of the first national standard established in 2007 were exhausted, and in 2019, Freeze-dried diphtheria toxin was produced in two lots, 1,962 and 1,942 vials respectively. The feasibility of manufacturing was evaluated through quality evaluation and long-term and accelerated stability tests for candidates. In order to assign the potency of candidate standards, the collaborative study was conducted with five institutions including vaccine manufacturers. The potency of the candidate standards was assigned a value of 210 L+/vial (95% confidence intervalMFDSB-19-002: 208.52~221.58 L+/vial, MFDS-B-19-003: 208.63~219.61 L+/vial). It was confirmed that there was a significant difference in the basic statistics of institutions through One-way ANOVA. But when the post hoc test was conducted to verify the result of ANOVA, not much difference was shown from individual institutions as low variability. Additionally, statistical equivalence was confirmed from institutions. The candidate standard whose quality has been verified will be registered as the second national standard for diphtheria toxin.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41380474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.021
J. Kwon
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). H5 and H7 subtype of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses could evolve into highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in poultry and could cause severe outbreaks. The antigenicity of the viruses is a core component to develop vaccines and antibody therapies. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the antigenicity of the H5 subtype of 10 LPAI and 4 HPAI viruses. While the LPAI viruses showed highly similar antigenicity, the HPAI viruses showed relatively higher antigenic variability. The results highlight that the LPAI viruses’ antigenicity has not been mutated in their natural host, wild birds. Further, the study suggested that the vaccination could accelerate the mutation of the H5 HPAI viruses’ antigenicity. Continuous monitoring of the antigenicity changes is needed to control future outbreaks.
{"title":"Antigenic Characterization of Low and Highly Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza Viruses using Antigenic Cartography","authors":"J. Kwon","doi":"10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.021","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). H5 and H7 subtype of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses could evolve into highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in poultry and could cause severe outbreaks. The antigenicity of the viruses is a core component to develop vaccines and antibody therapies. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the antigenicity of the H5 subtype of 10 LPAI and 4 HPAI viruses. While the LPAI viruses showed highly similar antigenicity, the HPAI viruses showed relatively higher antigenic variability. The results highlight that the LPAI viruses’ antigenicity has not been mutated in their natural host, wild birds. Further, the study suggested that the vaccination could accelerate the mutation of the H5 HPAI viruses’ antigenicity. Continuous monitoring of the antigenicity changes is needed to control future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48626791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.009
Dong-Wook Kim, Kyung‐Min Lee, Yeon‐Joo Choi, Byung-Nyun Chun, W. Jang
Department of Microbiology, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea Institute of Environmental Protection and Safety, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea Woojungbio Company, Gyeonggi Province 16229, Republic of Korea
{"title":"Evaluation of Efficacy about Disinfectants in Biological Containment Facilities","authors":"Dong-Wook Kim, Kyung‐Min Lee, Yeon‐Joo Choi, Byung-Nyun Chun, W. Jang","doi":"10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.009","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Microbiology, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea Institute of Environmental Protection and Safety, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea Woojungbio Company, Gyeonggi Province 16229, Republic of Korea","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47218483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.037
Y. Choi, Y. Koh
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Accumulation of succinate promotes Salmonella pathogenic program during intracellular infection. Using RNA-seq, increased mRNA expression of the genes in pmrAB and Salmonella pathogenicity island2 (SPI-2) regulon is measured in succinate-containing medium. Furthermore, uptake of host metabolic succinate through DcuB transporter also induces program for Salmonella virulence. Thus, succinate is major factor of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Tm) virulence induction.
{"title":"Uptake of Host Metabolic Succinate Correlates with Salmonella Virulence Induction","authors":"Y. Choi, Y. Koh","doi":"10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.037","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Accumulation of succinate promotes Salmonella pathogenic program during intracellular infection. Using RNA-seq, increased mRNA expression of the genes in pmrAB and Salmonella pathogenicity island2 (SPI-2) regulon is measured in succinate-containing medium. Furthermore, uptake of host metabolic succinate through DcuB transporter also induces program for Salmonella virulence. Thus, succinate is major factor of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Tm) virulence induction.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47409837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.028
Dong-Eun Kim, Y. Shin, C. Yoon, Byeong-Sun Choi
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is a causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) efficiently suppresses viral replication and increases the lifespan of patients, it does not completely eliminate the latently HIV-1 infected cells from a patient’s body. The greatest obstacle to finding an HIV-1 cure is posed by latently infected cells, otherwise referred to as “latent viral reservoirs”. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of HIV-1 reservoirs has become a top priority in the field of HIV-1 cure research, but defining the HIV-1 reservoirs is currently limited due to a lack of definite markers for probing the latent reservoir cells in which HIV-1 hides. If an assured marker for the latent reservoir cells is discovered, it will mark considerable progress in the process of understanding the characteristics and functions of HIV-1 reservoirs, and will make possible a sterilization cure by eliminating the reservoirs. In this paper, we review several cell surface molecules, including immune checkpoint molecules (PD1, TIGIT and LAG-3), CD30, CD2, CD20, CD32a, and CD127 suggested which have been as possible markers for probing HIV-1 reservoirs.
{"title":"Biomarkers for Targeting the HIV-1 Reservoirs","authors":"Dong-Eun Kim, Y. Shin, C. Yoon, Byeong-Sun Choi","doi":"10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/JBV.2021.51.1.028","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is a causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) efficiently suppresses viral replication and increases the lifespan of patients, it does not completely eliminate the latently HIV-1 infected cells from a patient’s body. The greatest obstacle to finding an HIV-1 cure is posed by latently infected cells, otherwise referred to as “latent viral reservoirs”. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of HIV-1 reservoirs has become a top priority in the field of HIV-1 cure research, but defining the HIV-1 reservoirs is currently limited due to a lack of definite markers for probing the latent reservoir cells in which HIV-1 hides. If an assured marker for the latent reservoir cells is discovered, it will mark considerable progress in the process of understanding the characteristics and functions of HIV-1 reservoirs, and will make possible a sterilization cure by eliminating the reservoirs. In this paper, we review several cell surface molecules, including immune checkpoint molecules (PD1, TIGIT and LAG-3), CD30, CD2, CD20, CD32a, and CD127 suggested which have been as possible markers for probing HIV-1 reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43587658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.112
Yoon Hee Choi, S. Kim, M. Kim, H. Na
Yoon Hee Choi, Soo Hyun Kim, Myoung Soo Kim, Hee Sam Na Department of Internal Medicine, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea Artificial Kidney Room, Busan Medical Center, Busan 47527, Republic of Korea Department of Nursing, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea Department of Oral Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
Yoon Hee Choi, Soo Hyun Kim, Myoung Soo Kim, Hee Sam Na, Dongnam放射医学研究所内科，釜山46033，韩国釜山医疗中心人工肾室，釜山47527，韩国釜庆大学自然科学学院护理系，釜山48513，韩国口腔微生物学，BK21 PLUS项目，釜山国立大学牙科学院，梁山50612
{"title":"Comparison of Primers for Oral Mycobiome Study in Intubated Patients","authors":"Yoon Hee Choi, S. Kim, M. Kim, H. Na","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.112","url":null,"abstract":"Yoon Hee Choi, Soo Hyun Kim, Myoung Soo Kim, Hee Sam Na Department of Internal Medicine, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea Artificial Kidney Room, Busan Medical Center, Busan 47527, Republic of Korea Department of Nursing, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea Department of Oral Microbiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70701294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.128
Y. Choi, H. Shin
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Bifidobacterium strains inhibit growth or cell adhesion of pathogenic bacteria and against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, when combined with certain antibiotics, probiotics can boost their antibacterial activity. The objective of present report was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Bifidobacterium spp. In the first part of the investigation, we evaluated the antibacterial activities of viable and inactivated cells, from a total of 12 Bifidobacterium species, on the growth of three different common pathogens associated with multi-drug resistance such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Eenterococcus faecalis. Also, eight strains of sonication-inactivated Bifidobacteria exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Additionally, eight viable Bifidobacterium strains exhibited antibacterial activity on the growth of pathogenic species. Therefore, we observed the antimicrobial activity, of Bifidobacteria against pathogenic bacteria, on the solid medium utilizing the agar well diffusion method. Some Bifidobacterium supernatants such as B. longum and B. pseudocatenulatum, showed synergism with the antibacterial activity of antibiotics. The results exhort that Bifidobacteria could be employed as an effective control for nosocomial pathogenic bacteria, and reduce the risk of the development of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infection. The present authors propose that Bifidobacteria might be a useful probiotic microorganism, for combining modality with antibiotics, without adverse effects.
{"title":"Antibacterial Effect of Eight Probiotic Strains of Bifidobacterium against Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Y. Choi, H. Shin","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.128","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Bifidobacterium strains inhibit growth or cell adhesion of pathogenic bacteria and against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, when combined with certain antibiotics, probiotics can boost their antibacterial activity. The objective of present report was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Bifidobacterium spp. In the first part of the investigation, we evaluated the antibacterial activities of viable and inactivated cells, from a total of 12 Bifidobacterium species, on the growth of three different common pathogens associated with multi-drug resistance such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Eenterococcus faecalis. Also, eight strains of sonication-inactivated Bifidobacteria exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Additionally, eight viable Bifidobacterium strains exhibited antibacterial activity on the growth of pathogenic species. Therefore, we observed the antimicrobial activity, of Bifidobacteria against pathogenic bacteria, on the solid medium utilizing the agar well diffusion method. Some Bifidobacterium supernatants such as B. longum and B. pseudocatenulatum, showed synergism with the antibacterial activity of antibiotics. The results exhort that Bifidobacteria could be employed as an effective control for nosocomial pathogenic bacteria, and reduce the risk of the development of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infection. The present authors propose that Bifidobacteria might be a useful probiotic microorganism, for combining modality with antibiotics, without adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70701464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.4167/JBV.2020.50.4.235
B. Jeong, J. Kim, T. Bae, I. Park
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Tuberculosis (TB) is an old disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although it has been known for humans for thousands of years, the treatment of this disease still requires a lengthy therapy with multiple antibiotics. Also, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains made it more difficult to treat TB, calling for a novel treatment approach. In Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photosensitizer, such as methylene blue (MB), is irradiated by a laser, generating reactive oxygen species and killing microorganisms. Here, using M. smegmatis as a model mycobacterium, we examined the utility of PDT in TB treatment. The photosensitizer MB alone showed weak antimicrobial activity; however, when irradiated by a laser, it efficiently killed M. smegmatis (> 97% killing with 30 mg/ml MB and 54 J/cm irradiation). Surprisingly, PDT showed more efficient killing activity toward drug-resistant strains of M. smegmatis than the drug-sensitive wild-type strain. In PDT, when the irradiation step alone (Intermittent PDT) or the entire PDT process was repeated (Repeated PDT), the bactericidal activity was significantly enhanced. Since PDT can be applied locally in a short period of time and kills mycobacterium irrespective of its antibiotic resistance status, we conclude that PDT can be a viable option for TB treatment.
{"title":"Effect of Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced by Methylene Blue on Drug-resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis","authors":"B. Jeong, J. Kim, T. Bae, I. Park","doi":"10.4167/JBV.2020.50.4.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/JBV.2020.50.4.235","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Tuberculosis (TB) is an old disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although it has been known for humans for thousands of years, the treatment of this disease still requires a lengthy therapy with multiple antibiotics. Also, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains made it more difficult to treat TB, calling for a novel treatment approach. In Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photosensitizer, such as methylene blue (MB), is irradiated by a laser, generating reactive oxygen species and killing microorganisms. Here, using M. smegmatis as a model mycobacterium, we examined the utility of PDT in TB treatment. The photosensitizer MB alone showed weak antimicrobial activity; however, when irradiated by a laser, it efficiently killed M. smegmatis (> 97% killing with 30 mg/ml MB and 54 J/cm irradiation). Surprisingly, PDT showed more efficient killing activity toward drug-resistant strains of M. smegmatis than the drug-sensitive wild-type strain. In PDT, when the irradiation step alone (Intermittent PDT) or the entire PDT process was repeated (Repeated PDT), the bactericidal activity was significantly enhanced. Since PDT can be applied locally in a short period of time and kills mycobacterium irrespective of its antibiotic resistance status, we conclude that PDT can be a viable option for TB treatment.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":"50 1","pages":"235-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43847624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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