Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.189
Misook Yang, Jung-Min Jung, Naery Lee, Y. Kim, E. Park, Jong Won Kim, Jin Tae Hong
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). In 2019, the first Sabin strain inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine was approved in Korea. It was necessary establishment of national reference standards of that vaccine for consistent quality control and standardization since international standards are provided only in small quantities per year. Therefore, Sabin strain inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine standard candidate was produced in 2019. In this study, we tried to establish the D-antigen content of the candidate standard through collaborate study with five institutions and six laboratories participated in the collaborate research. The candidate standard was set up value of DU/mL with Salk strain International Standard (12/104, NIBSC) and the SDU/mL value was established with the Sabin International Standard (17/160, NIBSC). The D-Ag contents (DU/mL and SDU/mL) derived from each laboratory were calculate using the CombiStat program and analyzed for statistical significance. Earlier this year, the candidate standard was registered as the 1st national reference standard of Sabin strain inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine and the D-Ag contents of the standard was assigned 47, 129, 262 DU/mL and 48, 106, and 193 SDU/mL by each type (Type 1, 2, 3,). Because of established of national standard, it will help consistent quality control and standardization of the Sabin strain inactivated poliomyelitis vaccines.
{"title":"Establishment of the 1st National Reference Standard for Sabin Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine in Korea","authors":"Misook Yang, Jung-Min Jung, Naery Lee, Y. Kim, E. Park, Jong Won Kim, Jin Tae Hong","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.189","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). In 2019, the first Sabin strain inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine was approved in Korea. It was necessary establishment of national reference standards of that vaccine for consistent quality control and standardization since international standards are provided only in small quantities per year. Therefore, Sabin strain inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine standard candidate was produced in 2019. In this study, we tried to establish the D-antigen content of the candidate standard through collaborate study with five institutions and six laboratories participated in the collaborate research. The candidate standard was set up value of DU/mL with Salk strain International Standard (12/104, NIBSC) and the SDU/mL value was established with the Sabin International Standard (17/160, NIBSC). The D-Ag contents (DU/mL and SDU/mL) derived from each laboratory were calculate using the CombiStat program and analyzed for statistical significance. Earlier this year, the candidate standard was registered as the 1st national reference standard of Sabin strain inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine and the D-Ag contents of the standard was assigned 47, 129, 262 DU/mL and 48, 106, and 193 SDU/mL by each type (Type 1, 2, 3,). Because of established of national standard, it will help consistent quality control and standardization of the Sabin strain inactivated poliomyelitis vaccines.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43731748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.178
Sang-Hoon Yeon, J. S. Park, S. Kang, C. Lee
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Primary infection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella and often leads to zoster after reactivation from latency. Both varicella and zoster can be prevented by live attenuated vaccines, but the molecular mechanism of attenuation is not clearly understood. In this study, it was attempted to understand mechanism of attenuating mutation in VZV by in vitro propagation in non-natural conditions such as low temperature or non-human cell. Clinical strain YC02 was subcultured in vitro up to 60 times. Comparison of the genome sequences of YC02 variants cultured under various conditions identified specific mutations occurred in non-natural conditions. The mutations specific for low temperature culture and non-human cell culture were identified in 8 and 2 positions, respectively. Two vaccine-specific mutations in position 97748 and 106262 were identified during subculture in non-natural conditions. Genetic diversity as measured by genetic polymorphism and Shannon entropy decreased when cultured in guinea pig lung cell culture. The infectivity of YC02 cultured at low temperature appeared similar to that cultured in natural condition. On the other hands, infectivity decreased significantly when YC02 was subcultured in non-human cell. Further studies on mutations and genetic diversity of clinical strain cultured in non-natural conditions will help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of VZV attenuation.
{"title":"Genetic Change of Varicella-Zoster Virus Propagated in Cell Culture in Non-Natural Conditions","authors":"Sang-Hoon Yeon, J. S. Park, S. Kang, C. Lee","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.178","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Primary infection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella and often leads to zoster after reactivation from latency. Both varicella and zoster can be prevented by live attenuated vaccines, but the molecular mechanism of attenuation is not clearly understood. In this study, it was attempted to understand mechanism of attenuating mutation in VZV by in vitro propagation in non-natural conditions such as low temperature or non-human cell. Clinical strain YC02 was subcultured in vitro up to 60 times. Comparison of the genome sequences of YC02 variants cultured under various conditions identified specific mutations occurred in non-natural conditions. The mutations specific for low temperature culture and non-human cell culture were identified in 8 and 2 positions, respectively. Two vaccine-specific mutations in position 97748 and 106262 were identified during subculture in non-natural conditions. Genetic diversity as measured by genetic polymorphism and Shannon entropy decreased when cultured in guinea pig lung cell culture. The infectivity of YC02 cultured at low temperature appeared similar to that cultured in natural condition. On the other hands, infectivity decreased significantly when YC02 was subcultured in non-human cell. Further studies on mutations and genetic diversity of clinical strain cultured in non-natural conditions will help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of VZV attenuation.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45031085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.172
N. Kim, Myeong-chul Kim, H. Rhim, Jae-Ik Han
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Leukocytozoon spp. is a protozoan that causes infection in the blood, causing economic losses to the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of leukocytozoonosis in wild birds rescued from January 2019 to December 2020. The medical records and the preserved residual blood samples of rescued and treated wild birds were analyzed. After DNA extraction from the preserved blood samples, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to test the extracted DNA. A total of 336 wild birds were tested in this study, of which 3.6% (6/336) were positive. Leukocytozoonosis was detected in four bird species, two of which were winter migratory birds and two were summer migratory birds in Korea. The results of this study suggest that wild birds visiting or staying in Korea may be infected with the Leukocytozoon spp., and there is a possibility that the pathogen may be transmitted to other domestic or wild bird species or shared with each other. It is necessary to conduct an extensive investigation focusing on important migratory bird habitats and to analyze the genetic relationships between domestic and wild bird-origin pathogens.
{"title":"Prevalence of Leukocytozoon spp. in Rescued Wild Birds in Korea","authors":"N. Kim, Myeong-chul Kim, H. Rhim, Jae-Ik Han","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.4.172","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Leukocytozoon spp. is a protozoan that causes infection in the blood, causing economic losses to the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of leukocytozoonosis in wild birds rescued from January 2019 to December 2020. The medical records and the preserved residual blood samples of rescued and treated wild birds were analyzed. After DNA extraction from the preserved blood samples, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to test the extracted DNA. A total of 336 wild birds were tested in this study, of which 3.6% (6/336) were positive. Leukocytozoonosis was detected in four bird species, two of which were winter migratory birds and two were summer migratory birds in Korea. The results of this study suggest that wild birds visiting or staying in Korea may be infected with the Leukocytozoon spp., and there is a possibility that the pathogen may be transmitted to other domestic or wild bird species or shared with each other. It is necessary to conduct an extensive investigation focusing on important migratory bird habitats and to analyze the genetic relationships between domestic and wild bird-origin pathogens.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.103
Su Jeen Lee, Hun Kim, Kee-Jong Hong, J. Nam
{"title":"Immune Responses to Varicella Zoster Virus and Effective Vaccines","authors":"Su Jeen Lee, Hun Kim, Kee-Jong Hong, J. Nam","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44959437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.138
Min Ji Kim, Ji-Eun Lee, Tae sun Kim, Jung-Eun Park, Minsup Lim, D. Hwang, Jin-do Jeong, Kwang Gon Kim, Ji-eun Yoon, H. Kee, Jong-jin Park, J. Seo, J. Chung
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.120
Tae Hee Lee, M. Cho, Jaehyeon Lee, Joo-Hee Hwang, Chang-Seop Lee, Kyung Min Chung
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea †These authors equally contributed to this work.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-resistant, Colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from a Tertiary Hospital in Jeonbuk, Korea","authors":"Tae Hee Lee, M. Cho, Jaehyeon Lee, Joo-Hee Hwang, Chang-Seop Lee, Kyung Min Chung","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.3.120","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea †These authors equally contributed to this work.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70701560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.79
Sanghyun Park, Young-Hyeon Lee, Min-Ho Yeo, H. Lee, Hye-Sook Kim, Kyung-Soo Chang
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). The quality management of dialysis water used as dialysis fluid is important for patients exposed to large amounts of water. The treatment of dialysis water causes chemical and microbiological contamination. Dialysis water contaminated with bacteria causes various diseases and inflammatory reactions due to the inflow of toxins into the body. Consequently, the aim of this study was to understand the sensitivity of agar for the detection of bacteria in dialysis water, the seasonal characteristics of bacterial culture, and bacterial identification. In all, 420 samples of dialysis water collected from a hospital between September 2017 and August 2018 were cultured at clinical laboratories. The bacterial growth rate of R2A was 99 cases (23.5%), and that of TSA was 47 cases (11.1%). R2A was more sensitive than TSA for samples incubated above 1 CFU/ml in hemodialysis, and TSA was more sensitive than R2A for samples incubated above 50 CFU/ml. The morphological characteristics of the microorganisms were confirmed by gram staining 188 strains of 30 isolates from the specimens. In R2A, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 33.3% (n = 42), Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in 56.3% (n = 71), and fungal strains were isolated in 10.3% (n = 13). In TSA, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 33.8% (n = 21), Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in 64.5% (n = 40), and fungal strains were isolated in 1.6% (n = 1). In addition, seasonal distinctions were observed in microbial cultures.
{"title":"Comparison of Microbial Detection of Hemodialysis Water in Reasoner’s 2A Agar (R2A) and Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA)","authors":"Sanghyun Park, Young-Hyeon Lee, Min-Ho Yeo, H. Lee, Hye-Sook Kim, Kyung-Soo Chang","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.79","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). The quality management of dialysis water used as dialysis fluid is important for patients exposed to large amounts of water. The treatment of dialysis water causes chemical and microbiological contamination. Dialysis water contaminated with bacteria causes various diseases and inflammatory reactions due to the inflow of toxins into the body. Consequently, the aim of this study was to understand the sensitivity of agar for the detection of bacteria in dialysis water, the seasonal characteristics of bacterial culture, and bacterial identification. In all, 420 samples of dialysis water collected from a hospital between September 2017 and August 2018 were cultured at clinical laboratories. The bacterial growth rate of R2A was 99 cases (23.5%), and that of TSA was 47 cases (11.1%). R2A was more sensitive than TSA for samples incubated above 1 CFU/ml in hemodialysis, and TSA was more sensitive than R2A for samples incubated above 50 CFU/ml. The morphological characteristics of the microorganisms were confirmed by gram staining 188 strains of 30 isolates from the specimens. In R2A, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 33.3% (n = 42), Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in 56.3% (n = 71), and fungal strains were isolated in 10.3% (n = 13). In TSA, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 33.8% (n = 21), Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in 64.5% (n = 40), and fungal strains were isolated in 1.6% (n = 1). In addition, seasonal distinctions were observed in microbial cultures.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41791480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.39
Asma Rafique, Y. Koh
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Colorectal cancer (CRC) is recognized as the third most common malignancy worldwide. Previous studies indicated several genetic and environmental factors that potentiate CRC. However, the role of microbiota in the etiology of CRC is becoming a major concern nowadays. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), an anaerobic bacterium, mostly resides in the oral cavity and is a causative agent of various oral inflammatory diseases. It is evident from the recent studies that F. nucleatum is present in abundance in the CRC tissues as compared to the adjacent normal tissues. F. nucleatum has certain virulence factors like FadA and Fap2 which help in its adhesion to the mucosal cells and promotes carcinogenesis. Besides that, these virulence factors induce cytokine production and recruitment of inflammatory cells, hence it creates an environment favorable for neoplastic growth. Furthermore, F. nucleatum can suppress the host immune system by interfering with normal functions of macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, tumor-associated neutrophils and natural killer cells. It was also revealed that CRC patients with high numbers of F. nucleatum showed drug resistance and cancer recurrence. From the previous investigations, it was concluded that F. nucleatum has a diagnostic as well as prognostic value for CRC patients. In the present study, we have outlined the current data on the detection methods, pathogenic mechanisms, immunosuppression effects and clinical management of F. nucleatum-associated CRC.
{"title":"Association of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer","authors":"Asma Rafique, Y. Koh","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.39","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Colorectal cancer (CRC) is recognized as the third most common malignancy worldwide. Previous studies indicated several genetic and environmental factors that potentiate CRC. However, the role of microbiota in the etiology of CRC is becoming a major concern nowadays. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), an anaerobic bacterium, mostly resides in the oral cavity and is a causative agent of various oral inflammatory diseases. It is evident from the recent studies that F. nucleatum is present in abundance in the CRC tissues as compared to the adjacent normal tissues. F. nucleatum has certain virulence factors like FadA and Fap2 which help in its adhesion to the mucosal cells and promotes carcinogenesis. Besides that, these virulence factors induce cytokine production and recruitment of inflammatory cells, hence it creates an environment favorable for neoplastic growth. Furthermore, F. nucleatum can suppress the host immune system by interfering with normal functions of macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, tumor-associated neutrophils and natural killer cells. It was also revealed that CRC patients with high numbers of F. nucleatum showed drug resistance and cancer recurrence. From the previous investigations, it was concluded that F. nucleatum has a diagnostic as well as prognostic value for CRC patients. In the present study, we have outlined the current data on the detection methods, pathogenic mechanisms, immunosuppression effects and clinical management of F. nucleatum-associated CRC.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49135350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.74
Jeong-Youn Jo, Sunju Kim, K. Ko
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Tigecycline is known to form a complex with divalent cations such as Mg and Ca, which is essential for a mode of action of tigecycline. In this study, we investigated the effects of levels of divalent cations on the in vitro antibacterial activity of tigecycline against two strains each of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. When Mg or Ca was added to be tantamount to criteria levels of severe hypermagnesemia or hypercalcemia in Mueller-Hinton II broth, minimum inhibitory concentrations were increased 2to 4-fold in all strains. In media containing high concentrations of Mg or Ca, bacterial survival rates increased significantly after 24-hour exposure to tigecycline for all strains except one K. pneumoniae strain. Thus, levels of divalent cations in extracellular condition might affect tigecycline activity. While testing on humans is still required, our results suggest that caution should be exercised when using tigecycline to treat infected patients with hypermagnesemia and hypercalcemia.
{"title":"High Concentrations of Divalent Cations in Extracellular Environments Reduce in vitro Antibiotic Activity of Tigecycline","authors":"Jeong-Youn Jo, Sunju Kim, K. Ko","doi":"10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2021.51.2.74","url":null,"abstract":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ license/by-nc/3.0/). Tigecycline is known to form a complex with divalent cations such as Mg and Ca, which is essential for a mode of action of tigecycline. In this study, we investigated the effects of levels of divalent cations on the in vitro antibacterial activity of tigecycline against two strains each of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. When Mg or Ca was added to be tantamount to criteria levels of severe hypermagnesemia or hypercalcemia in Mueller-Hinton II broth, minimum inhibitory concentrations were increased 2to 4-fold in all strains. In media containing high concentrations of Mg or Ca, bacterial survival rates increased significantly after 24-hour exposure to tigecycline for all strains except one K. pneumoniae strain. Thus, levels of divalent cations in extracellular condition might affect tigecycline activity. While testing on humans is still required, our results suggest that caution should be exercised when using tigecycline to treat infected patients with hypermagnesemia and hypercalcemia.","PeriodicalId":39739,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology and Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43387207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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