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Do Violations of Global Beliefs and Goals Drive Distress and Meaning Making Following Life Stressors? 违反全球信念和目标会导致生活压力带来的痛苦和意义吗?
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/1054137320958344
Login S. George, Crystal L. Park
Theoretical and treatment approaches posit that violations of beliefs and goals by stressful experiences drive distress and meaning making. However, empirical work examining this notion is limited. Accordingly, we tested violations’ role in driving distress and meaning-making using repeated assessments among 180 undergraduates coping with a recent significant stressor. On four occasions over two months, we collected data on belief and goal violations, distress, and meaning making. A within-person analytic approach showed that when participants' violations changed, their distress and meaning making also changed in the same direction. Additionally, violations had a unique association with meaning making, independent of distress. Results suggest that experiencing discrepancy between a stressor and one's beliefs and goals may be distressing and lead to efforts to reduce that discrepancy. Additional research on how individuals successfully resolve violations could improve understanding and treatment of individuals dealing with significant stressors.
理论和治疗方法假设,压力经历对信念和目标的违背会驱动痛苦和意义创造。然而,检验这一概念的实证工作是有限的。因此,我们在180名大学生中使用重复评估来测试违规行为在应对近期重大压力源中的驱动痛苦和意义制造中的作用。在两个月的时间里,我们收集了四次关于信念和目标违背、痛苦和意义创造的数据。一种个人分析方法表明,当参与者的违规行为发生变化时,他们的痛苦和意义制造也会朝着同一个方向变化。此外,违规行为与意义创造有独特的联系,独立于痛苦。结果表明,经历压力源与自己的信念和目标之间的差异可能会让人感到痛苦,并促使人们努力减少这种差异。对个体如何成功解决违规行为的进一步研究可以提高对个体处理重大压力源的理解和治疗。
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引用次数: 3
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and the Five Stages Model In Selected Social Work Textbooks Elisabeth k<s:1> bler- ross与《社会工作教科书选集》中的五阶段模型
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/1054137320932302
C. Corr
Professional social work is a discipline in which practitioners often find themselves engaged in addressing issues related to illness, crises, and loss. Professional social work is also a discipline with links to many associated disciplines, especially those in the social sciences such as psychology, sociology, and gerontology, as well as provision of care in such fields as hospice/palliative care, bereavement support, and counseling. Exploring some aspects of educational programs for professional social workers may help illuminate how professionals are prepared to function in many of these disciplines and areas of human services. This article offers a critical analysis of one limited but important aspect of the education offered to social work students, namely how the work of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and her five stages model are presented in five recent social work textbooks. In each case, there is a description and critical analysis of what authors of these five books write about these subjects. These analyses lead to suggestions concerning how these subjects should or should not be presented in educational programs for students and as guidelines for practice in social work, associated disciplines, and related areas of human services.
专业社会工作是一门学科,从业人员经常发现自己从事解决与疾病、危机和损失有关的问题。专业社会工作也是一门与许多相关学科有联系的学科,尤其是那些社会科学领域的学科,如心理学、社会学和老年学,以及在临终关怀/姑息治疗、丧亲支持和咨询等领域提供护理。探索专业社会工作者教育计划的某些方面可能有助于阐明专业人员如何准备在许多这些学科和人类服务领域发挥作用。本文对提供给社会工作专业学生的教育的一个有限但重要的方面进行了批判性分析,即伊丽莎白·k勒-罗斯的工作和她的五个阶段模型是如何在最近的五本社会工作教科书中呈现的。在每个案例中,都有对这五本书的作者关于这些主题的描述和批判性分析。这些分析导致了关于这些科目应该或不应该如何出现在学生的教育计划中,以及作为社会工作、相关学科和人类服务相关领域的实践指南的建议。
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引用次数: 3
RETRACTION NOTICE: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Toward Tuberculosis in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Mixed Methods Study 撤回通知:孟加拉国对结核病的知识、态度和认知:一项横断面混合方法研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/1054137320959196
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引用次数: 0
Family Caregiver’s Anticipatory Grief—Clinical Interview: Psychometric Characteristics and Scoring Pattern 家庭照顾者预期悲伤-临床访谈:心理测量特征及评分模式
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1177/1054137320923383
Alexandra Coelho, M. Roberto, Luísa Barros, A. Barbosa
This study describes the development and the preliminary validation of the Family Caregiver Anticipatory Grief Clinical Interview (FcAG-CI). This instrument, conceptually based in Adult Attachment Theory, evaluates Anticipatory Grief response patterns of cancer family caregivers; semistructured interviews were conducted in a sample of family caregivers in palliative care (n = 72, mostly women, adult children, or spouses, mean age of 52.37) and coded according to the rating guidelines. FcAG-CI, composed of eight domains, shows convergent and concurrent validity with self-reported predeath prolonged grief disorder symptoms as well as divergent validity with the Zarit Burden Interview. The tests for reliability suggest that it has reasonable consistency (Cronbach’s α = .750) and very good interrater reliability. Two factors were identified, corresponding to the two major sources of distress: traumatic and relational aspects of end-of-life caregiving. This instrument, allows the categorization of respondents in four different profiles (Avoidant, Adjusted, Traumatic, and Intense Anticipatory Grief), with clear implications for clinical practice.
本研究描述了家庭照顾者预见性悲伤临床访谈(FcAG-CI)的发展和初步验证。这个工具,概念上基于成人依恋理论,评估癌症家庭照顾者的预期悲伤反应模式;对姑息治疗的家庭照护者进行半结构化访谈(n = 72,主要为女性、成年子女或配偶,平均年龄为52.37岁),并根据评分指南进行编码。FcAG-CI由8个域组成,其效度与自述的死亡前延长悲伤障碍症状呈趋同效度和并行效度,与Zarit Burden访谈呈发散效度。信度检验表明,该方法具有合理的一致性(Cronbach’s α = 0.750)和良好的互信度。确定了两个因素,对应于两个主要的痛苦来源:临终关怀的创伤和关系方面。该工具允许将受访者分为四种不同的类型(回避型、调节性、创伤性和强烈预期性悲伤),对临床实践具有明确的意义。
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引用次数: 1
A Survey Study Among Cancer Patients in Turkey 土耳其癌症患者的调查研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1054137317720751
Fereshteh Ahmadi, Ö. Cetrez, P. Erbil, Asil Ortak, Nader Ahmadi
To understand the role of culture on the use of the meaning-making coping among people who have been struck by cancer, qualitative and quantitative studies have been conducted in several countries like Sweden, China, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, and Turkey. This article reports on a quantitative study carried out in Turkey. The aim of the study has been to answer the following question: “Which meaning-making coping method (even nonreligious or spiritual coping methods) is used by informants?” The sample consists of 95 persons, 18+ who had been struck by cancer. The questionnaire was distributed to former/current cancer patients via a web address as an electronic survey through the media page of Cancer Survivors Association. The results of the study show that the most important coping methods used by cancer patients in Turkey are the religious coping (RCOPE) methods, particularly spiritual connection, active religious surrender, passive religious deferral, and pleading for direct intercession. Several RCOPE methods such as spiritual discontent, seeking support from clergy or members, punishing God reappraisal, and demonic reappraisal or self-directing religious coping are not used by the Turkish informants. Nor are non-RCOPE methods highly prevalent among informants.
为了了解文化对癌症患者意义创造应对方式的影响,在瑞典、中国、日本、韩国、马来西亚、菲律宾和土耳其等国家进行了定性和定量研究。本文报道了在土耳其进行的一项定量研究。该研究的目的是回答以下问题:“被调查者使用哪种意义创造应对方法(即使是非宗教或精神上的应对方法)?”样本包括95名18岁以上的癌症患者。问卷以电子调查的形式,通过癌症幸存者协会的媒体页面,通过网址分发给曾经/现在的癌症患者。研究结果显示,土耳其癌症患者使用的最主要的应对方法是宗教应对(RCOPE)方法,特别是精神连接、主动宗教降服、被动宗教延迟和恳求直接代祷。一些RCOPE方法,如精神不满、寻求神职人员或成员的支持、惩罚上帝重新评估、恶魔重新评估或自我指导的宗教应对,都没有被土耳其的举报人使用。非rcope方法在举报人中也不普遍。
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引用次数: 6
Sustainable Livelihoods Analysis as a Response to the Crisis in the Community and Voluntary Sector 可持续生计分析作为对社区和志愿部门危机的回应
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1054137317715000
Katy Goldstraw, Eve Davidson, C. Packham
The aim of this article is to recognize the crisis currently experienced by the voluntary and community sector (VCS) and to consider a creative response to this crisis utilizing VCS assets. The article uses a creative assets based response to the VCS crisis, utilizing sustainable livelihoods’ analysis (SLA) as a means of identifying VCS assets. SLA, traditionally used to explore vulnerabilities and assets at a household level, will be expanded and utilized to analyze the effects of austerity on small voluntary organizations. We use SLA as a theoretical lens through which to analyze our data, we propose that small VCS organizations can consider their position using SLA as a tool. The VCS can use SLA to consider its assets and vulnerabilities in the context of austerity; in engaging in this process, the VCS can recognize opportunities. The small VCS organization typically has high-quality community-based social capital, and it has a human capital and community knowledge. This integrated grassroots social capital expertise and strong community-based human capital is unique to the VCS. In mobilizing its assets, the VCS as a sector can seek to overcome the funding crisis that it is experiencing and develop creative solutions to austerity.
本文的目的是认识到志愿和社区部门(VCS)目前所经历的危机,并考虑利用VCS的资产创造性地应对这一危机。本文采用了一种基于创造性资产的应对VCS危机的方法,利用可持续生计分析(SLA)作为识别VCS资产的手段。传统上用于在家庭一级探索脆弱性和资产的SLA将扩大并用于分析紧缩对小型志愿组织的影响。我们使用SLA作为理论透镜来分析我们的数据,我们建议小型VCS组织可以使用SLA作为工具来考虑他们的位置。VCS可以使用SLA来考虑其在紧缩背景下的资产和漏洞;在参与这一过程中,风险投资公司可以发现机会。小型创投企业通常拥有高质量的社区社会资本,并拥有人力资本和社区知识。这种综合的基层社会资本专业知识和强大的社区人力资本是VCS所独有的。在动员其资产的过程中,VCS作为一个部门可以寻求克服其正在经历的资金危机,并制定创造性的紧缩解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Medical “Gatekeeping” for Psychosocial Research on Serious Illness 重大疾病心理社会研究的医学“把关”
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1054137317718999
P. McGrath, A. Kaur, Rennette Feracho, M. A. Patton
The discussion explores ethical issues associated with medical “gatekeeping” in relation to psychosocial health research associated with serious illness and loss. “Gatekeeping” is defined as the process whereby health-care providers prevent access to eligible patients for research recruitment. The impact of this practice on the research process is explored, including issues of sample representation, selection bias, and wastage of time and resources. The reflection of ethical issues is set in the context of research on clinical empathic responsiveness and accuracy, paternalism, and the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice.
讨论探讨了与与严重疾病和损失有关的心理社会健康研究有关的医学"把关"的伦理问题。"把关"的定义是卫生保健提供者阻止接触符合条件的患者进行研究招募的过程。这种做法对研究过程的影响进行了探讨,包括样本代表性问题,选择偏差,浪费时间和资源。伦理问题的反映是在临床共情反应和准确性、家长式作风以及自主、慈善和正义的伦理原则的研究背景下设定的。
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引用次数: 0
Older People, Loss, and Loneliness: The Troublesome Nature of Increased Contact With Adult Children 老年人、失落和孤独:与成年子女接触增加的麻烦本质
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1054137317742235
R. Hagan, B. Taylor, J. Mallett, R. Manktelow, J. Pascal
Older people may experience considerable loss when they endure emotional or social loneliness. Emotional loneliness is related to the loss or absence of a confidant while social loneliness describes the discrepancy between the nature of one’s desired and actual social network. In this article, both concepts are examined in relation to new attendees at time-limited day center reablement programs in Northern Ireland. Using group work activities, reablement programs aim to motivate participants to continue to live independently, often in the face of later life losses. Out of a total of 91 initial respondents (range, 61–94), 13 lived with adult children (10 of whom were lone parents). Those living with, or who had daily contact with, adult children had significantly higher levels of emotional loneliness at the start of their program, but not at the end. For this sample, reductions in emotional loneliness in certain cohorts of older adults who attend these programs have been identified. In conclusion, it is proposed that fourth age losses mediate older people’s living arrangement and may create greater vulnerability to emotional loneliness in those living with adult children. In addition, social groups may be effective in helping reduce emotional loneliness.
当老年人忍受情感或社交孤独时,他们可能会经历相当大的损失。情感孤独与知己的缺失有关,而社交孤独则描述了一个人期望的社交网络与实际社交网络的本质之间的差异。在这篇文章中,这两个概念都检查了在北爱尔兰的时间有限的日间中心重新安置计划的新与会者。通过小组工作活动,康复项目旨在激励参与者继续独立生活,通常是在面对晚年生活的损失时。在91名最初的受访者中(61-94岁),13人与成年子女生活在一起(其中10人是单亲父母)。那些与成年子女生活在一起或每天与成年子女接触的人在项目开始时的情感孤独水平明显更高,但在项目结束时却没有。对于这个样本,在参加这些项目的某些老年人群体中,情感孤独的减少已经被确定。综上所述,第四年龄损失调节了老年人的生活安排,并可能使那些与成年子女生活在一起的老年人更容易受到情感孤独的影响。此外,社会团体可能有助于减少情感孤独。
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引用次数: 9
Characteristics of Graduate Counseling Student Grief Experiences 研究生辅导学生悲伤经历的特点
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/1054137317730525
Brittany L. Pollard, M. Varga, Laura S. Wheat, T. McClam, Phoebe Balentyne
This study explored the incidence of grief and resulting effects experienced by graduate counseling students. A total of 157 students from three universities completed surveys about their grief experiences. The authors calculated descriptive statistics, as well as Kruskal–Wallis H tests and Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient, to identify relationships between variables. Results indicated that approximately 86% (n = 129) of students had experienced loss within their lifetime. Participants reported emotional, cognitive, physical, behavioral, interpersonal, and world assumption grief effects, with statistically significant relationships to both type of loss and reported closeness to the deceased. These findings provide new information on the specific and multidimensional grief effects these students experienced and offer practical insight into how grieving students can be best supported during their counseling training.
本研究探讨心理咨询专业研究生的哀伤发生率及其影响。来自三所大学的157名学生完成了关于他们悲伤经历的调查。作者计算了描述性统计数据,以及Kruskal-Wallis H检验和Spearman的秩序相关系数,以确定变量之间的关系。结果表明,大约86% (n = 129)的学生在他们的一生中经历过损失。参与者报告了情感、认知、身体、行为、人际关系和世界假设的悲伤影响,与两种类型的损失和报告的与死者的亲密程度有统计学上的显著关系。这些发现为这些学生所经历的具体和多维的悲伤影响提供了新的信息,并为如何在咨询培训期间最好地支持悲伤的学生提供了实用的见解。
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引用次数: 7
The Last Glance: How Aesthetic Observation of Corpses Facilitates Detachment in Grief Work 最后的一瞥:尸体的审美观察如何促进悲伤作品的超脱
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-27 DOI: 10.1177/1054137320933592
I. Testoni, Alessia Zielo, C. Schiavo, Erika Iacona
Following a ritual perspective, the paper identifies a new form of ritual concerning the corpse, which could facilitate separation and allow the living to look at the deceased without disgust. In order to explore the effect of thanato-aesthetic interventions, the experience of the last glance of the bereaved at their deceased loved ones was analyzed. Twenty interviews were performed in three morgues, and thematic analysis was utilized. The aim was to illustrate how post-mortem grief may be affected by aesthetic manipulation of the corpse and ways in which the bereaved relocate their beloveds. The fundamental hypothesis is that the facilitation of concrete contact with the corpse may assist mourners to detach from the deceased. From the qualitative analysis, three areas of meaning prevalence emerged: Kübler-Ross phases of grief work and the conspiracy of silence; immortality and continuing bonds; and the effects of thanato-aesthetic interventions.
从仪式的角度出发,本文确定了一种关于尸体的新形式的仪式,这种仪式可以促进分离,并允许活着的人不厌恶地看着死者。为了探讨死亡美学干预的效果,本文分析了丧亲者对已故亲人最后一眼的体验。在三个停尸房进行了20次访谈,并采用了主题分析。其目的是说明如何死后的悲伤可能会受到影响的美学操作的尸体和方式,其中失去亲人重新安置他们的亲人。基本假设是,与尸体的具体接触可能有助于哀悼者脱离死者。从定性分析中,出现了三个意义流行领域:悲伤工作的k bler- ross阶段和沉默的阴谋;不朽和持续的纽带;以及死亡美学干预的效果。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
Illness Crisis and Loss
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