Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects最新文献_第9页

Unravelling the transformations: Comparative study of structural, magnetism, morphology, optical and microwave absorptions properties in NiFe2O4 and CdFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles 揭示转化：NiFe2O4和CdFe2O4尖晶石纳米颗粒的结构、磁性、形貌、光学和微波吸收特性的比较研究

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101540

Shikhil S. Wanjari , Deoram V. Nandanwar , K.G. Rewatkar , Amit V. Gongal

NiFe₂O₄ (NFO) and CdFe₂O₄ (CFO) spinel nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by microwave auto-combustion and compared for their structure, magnetic, morphological, and optical properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that both NiFe₂O₄ and CdFe₂O₄ NPs crystallized in a spinel structure, though with different lattice parameters. The average crystallite size was 26–34 nm. Both NPs are highly paramagnetic at room temperature, with NFO showing higher saturation magnetization due to cation distribution and size effects. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) revealed spherical, well-dispersed NFO particles (30.11 nm) and agglomerated CFO particles (48.55 nm). Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR) bands at 416, 509, 609, and 596 cm⁻¹ indicate Fe-O and Ni/Cd-O stretching vibration, while Tauc plots gave direct band gaps of 2.63 eV (NFO) and 1.34 eV (CFO). A vector network analyzer (VNA) examined electromagnetic and absorption parameters in the Ku band (12.4–18 GHz). NFO and CFO had RLs of −16 dB (97 % absorption) and −10 dB (90 % absorption) at 13.744 GHz with an 8 mm and 10 mm thickness. These findings highlight nickel ferrites as efficient absorbers for gigahertz applications such as radar stealth, catalysis, energy storage, and magnetic devices.

采用微波自燃烧法合成了nfe₂O₄（NFO）和CdFe₂O₄（CFO）尖晶石纳米颗粒（NPs），并对其结构、磁性、形貌和光学性能进行了比较。x射线衍射（XRD）证实，NiFe2O4和CdFe2O4 NPs均以尖晶石结构结晶，但晶格参数不同。平均晶粒尺寸为26 ~ 34 nm。两种NPs在室温下都具有高度顺磁性，其中NFO由于阳离子分布和尺寸效应而表现出更高的饱和磁化强度。扫描电镜（SEM）和高分辨率透射电镜（HR-TEM）显示球形、分散良好的NFO颗粒（30.11 nm）和团聚的CFO颗粒（48.55 nm）。傅里叶变换红外辐射（FT-IR）在416、509、609和596 cm−1处显示Fe-O和Ni/Cd-O拉伸振动，而tac图显示直接带隙为2.63 eV （NFO）和1.34 eV （CFO）。矢量网络分析仪（VNA）检测了Ku波段（12.4-18 GHz）的电磁和吸收参数。NFO和CFO在13.744 GHz处的RLs分别为−16 dB（97 %吸收）和−10 dB（90 %吸收），厚度分别为8 mm和10 mm。这些发现突出了镍铁氧体作为千兆赫应用的有效吸收剂，如雷达隐身、催化、能量存储和磁性设备。

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引用次数: 0

Visible light-responsive plasmonic Ag/RGO/TiO2 ternary nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity 光催化活性增强的Ag/RGO/TiO2三元纳米复合材料

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101509

Divya K S , Aswathy Vijayakumar , Treesa Karangattuserriyil James , Suresh Mathew

Organic pollutants in water now poses serious risks to both human health and ecological systems. Many of these pollutants are insistent and non-biodegradable. The adulteration of fresh water by detrimental substances has compelled researchers to develop advanced, efficient, and cost-effective water remediation techniques and materials. A visible light-responsive plasmonic Ag/RGO/TiO₂ photocatalytic material has been synthesized via facile microwave irradiation. The design of the photocatalytic material shows enhanced photoactivity under visible light compared to TiO₂ and RGO/TiO₂. The Ag doping had effectively shifted the valence band edge potential increasing the oxidation power of the ternary hybrid. Among different ratios of Ag content, AGT III with 0.02 g Ag exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity toward photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine (RhB) under visible light. This improved photocatalytic activity is due to the significantly narrowed bandgap and enhanced electronic conductivity. The active species involved in photocatalytic degradation have been studied using various scavengers. The results from this investigation have a telling effect on the facile fabrication of an effective photocatalyst, which can be used for many applied applications.

水体中的有机污染物对人类健康和生态系统构成严重威胁。这些污染物中有许多是持久性的，不可生物降解的。淡水中有害物质的掺假迫使研究人员开发先进、高效、经济的水修复技术和材料。利用微波辐照合成了一种可见光响应等离子体Ag/RGO/TiO2光催化材料。与TiO2和RGO/TiO2相比，设计的光催化材料在可见光下的光活性增强。Ag的掺杂有效地移动了价带边电位，提高了三元杂化物的氧化能力。在不同Ag含量比中，Ag含量为0.02 g的AGT III在可见光下对罗丹明（rhodamine, RhB）的光催化降解活性最高。这种改进的光催化活性是由于显着缩小了带隙和增强了电子导电性。利用各种清除剂对参与光催化降解的活性物质进行了研究。本研究结果对制备有效的光催化剂具有重要意义，可用于多种用途。

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引用次数: 0

Nanostructured delivery systems for antioxidants: Comparative release of purified ellagic acid and extracted polyphenols 抗氧化剂的纳米结构递送系统：纯化鞣花酸和提取的多酚的比较释放

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101530

Daniela Fernanda Terrazas García , Laura A. de la Rosa , Alma Angélica Vázquez Flores , Oscar Adrián Muñoz Bernal , Jazmín Cristina Stevens Barrón , Christian Chapa González

Despite their proven antioxidant and anticancer effectiveness, polyphenolic compounds have limited bioavailability, which drives the need to employ polymeric materials for their encapsulation to achieve precise and sustained release. In this study, ellagic acid (EA) and a phenolic-rich pecan nut extract (PRE) were encapsulated within poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microparticles in a double emulsion system using poly(vinyl alcohol) as stabilizer. After solvent evaporation, the resulting particles were characterized by DLS, SEM, and FTIR, and in vitro release in PBS (pH 7.4) was quantified as the fraction released (F). Release data were fitted to zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Peppas, and Hixson–Crowell models. For EA at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,

\ln (1 - F)

versus time exhibited the highest correlation (

R^{2} \approx 0.93

), indicating first-order release, whereas at 10 mg/mL, the cube-root transformation (

{(1 - F)}^{1 / 3} vs . t

) achieved superior fit, consistent with surface-erosion kinetics. Although both EA and PRE follow similar overall mechanistic regimes, PRE exhibits significantly slower, concentration‑dependent release, particularly at higher loadings, indicating that its complex phenolic matrix modulates diffusion and erosion pathways differently than pure EA. These findings underscore the tunability of PCL/PVA matrices for hydrophilic phenolics and highlight the importance of bioactive compound concentration in dictating diffusion versus erosion-controlled release, offering a nanomedicine platform for sustained delivery of bioactive compounds.

尽管多酚类化合物具有抗氧化和抗癌功效，但其生物利用度有限，因此需要使用聚合物材料进行封装，以实现精确和持续的释放。本研究以聚乙烯醇为稳定剂，将鞣花酸（EA）和富酚山核桃提取物（PRE）包裹在聚ε-己内酯（PCL）微颗粒中，形成双乳液体系。溶剂蒸发后，采用DLS、SEM、FTIR对所得颗粒进行表征，并将其在PBS （pH 7.4）中的体外释放量量化为释放分数(F)。发布数据拟合为零阶、一阶、Higuchi、Korsmeyer-Peppas和Hixson-Crowell模型。当EA浓度为2.5和5.0 mg/mL时，ln（1−F）与时间的相关性最高（R2≈0.93），表明其为一级释放，而当浓度为10 mg/mL时，立方根转化（(1−F)1/3vs.t）达到了较好的拟合，与表面侵蚀动力学一致。虽然EA和PRE的整体机制相似，但PRE的释放速度明显慢于浓度依赖，特别是在高负荷下，这表明其复杂的酚基质对扩散和侵蚀途径的调节不同于纯EA。这些发现强调了PCL/PVA基质对亲水酚的可调性，并强调了生物活性化合物浓度在决定扩散和侵蚀控制释放方面的重要性。为持续递送生物活性化合物提供纳米医学平台。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review on the effect of zinc salt precursors for synthesis, characterization, and applications of ZnO nanoparticles 综述了锌盐前驱体对ZnO纳米颗粒的合成、表征及应用的影响

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101529

Mosisa Dugasa Fite, Asnake Lealem Berhanu

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have garnered significant attention due to their large surface area and exceptional properties, including low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, wide availability, high stability, excellent ultraviolet absorption, and strong antimicrobial activity. This paper provides a brief review of the influence of zinc salt precursors on the synthesis, characterization, and application of ZnO NPs synthesized using various precursors. The impact of the nature of salt precursors on the morphology and particle size of ZnO NPs is compared. It is noted that a variety of salt precursors, such as zinc nitrate hexahydrate, zinc acetate dihydrate, zinc chloride, and zinc sulphate heptahydrate, are potential candidates for ZnO NPs synthesis. This review aims to provide a concise understanding of the zinc salt precursors that can be used to generate specific morphologies and size, thereby enhancing photodegradation, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, and sensor applications of ZnO NPs. This review highlights that the same zinc salt precursor and synthesis process (whether physical, chemical, or biosynthesis) can lead to the formation of various morphologies of ZnO nanoparticles. Furthermore, it is observed that even when the same precursor and synthesis method are used, different morphologies can emerged due to variations in reaction conditions, such as pH, synthesis temperature, solvent choice, and other influencing factors. As advancements continue, ZnO nanoparticles will remain a focal point, fostering the creation of new and innovative applications.

氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）由于其大表面积和优异的性能，包括低毒性、低成本效益、广泛可用性、高稳定性、优异的紫外线吸收和强抗菌活性而引起了人们的广泛关注。本文综述了锌盐前驱体对不同前驱体合成的ZnO纳米粒子的合成、表征和应用的影响。比较了盐前驱体的性质对ZnO纳米粒子形貌和粒径的影响。研究指出，多种盐前体，如六水合硝酸锌、二水合乙酸锌、氯化锌和七水合硫酸锌，是合成ZnO NPs的潜在候选物。本综述旨在提供锌盐前驱体的简明理解，这些前驱体可用于生成特定的形态和尺寸，从而增强ZnO NPs的光降解，抗菌，抗氧化，抗真菌和传感器应用。这篇综述强调了相同的锌盐前体和合成过程（无论是物理的、化学的还是生物合成的）可以导致形成不同形态的ZnO纳米颗粒。此外，我们观察到，即使使用相同的前驱体和合成方法，由于反应条件的变化，如pH、合成温度、溶剂选择和其他影响因素，也会产生不同的形貌。随着研究进展的继续，氧化锌纳米颗粒将继续成为一个焦点，促进新的创新应用的创造。

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引用次数: 0

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Citrullus lanatus fruit extract and their potential for microwave absorption 西瓜果实提取物绿色合成纳米氧化锌及其微波吸收潜力

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101502

Banaz Shahab Haji , Azeez Abdullah Barzinjy , Asia Omer Abbas , Omer Kaygili , Marwan Suleiman Mousa

Nanotechnology is a developing arena of science focuses on the manufacturing use of nanoparticles (NPs), of the size ranges between 1 and 100 nm, which are categorized into different classes such as inorganic, organic, ceramic and carbon-based nanoparticles. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are perceiving amazing progress during the past few periods due to its exclusive and vital properties in many applications. Newly, green synthesis method of NPs is competing in contradiction of traditional chemical and physical methods by avoiding the use of many toxic compounds, and costly equipment. Accordingly, in this study, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind extract has been used for producing ZnO NPs as a reducing, capping and stabilizing agents. This technic is simple, environmentally friendly and green. UV–vis spectra indicated the formation of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles represented by the change of a colorless liquid to brownish solution. The involvement of the functional groups presents in (Citrullus lanatus) rind extract in both the reduction and capping of nanoparticles was shown through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, the mechanism of formation ZnO NPs from (Citrullus lanatus) rind extract has been thoroughly delineated. This study displayed that (Citrullus lanatus) rind extract is a suitable medium for manufacturing spherical, monodisperse, highly crystalline and wide band gap ZnO NPs. This study emphasizes the potential of ZnO thin films as a promising material for microwave absorption applications, particularly for coating microwave oven gates. It also paves the way for using sustainable resources to develop high-performance materials capable of absorbing unwanted microwave radiation.

纳米技术是一个发展中的科学领域，其重点是制造纳米颗粒（NPs），其尺寸范围在1到100 纳米之间，可分为不同的类别，如无机、有机、陶瓷和碳基纳米颗粒。氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO nanoparticles, NPs）由于其独特而重要的特性在许多领域的应用，在过去的几年中取得了惊人的进展。新型纳米粒子的绿色合成方法由于避免了许多有毒化合物的使用和昂贵的设备，正在与传统的化学和物理合成方法相竞争。因此，本研究以西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）皮提取物为还原剂、封盖剂和稳定剂制备氧化锌NPs。该技术简单、环保、绿色。紫外可见光谱显示氧化锌纳米颗粒的形成由无色液体变为褐色溶液。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）研究了柑桔皮提取物中官能团参与纳米粒子还原和封盖的过程。此外，还对柑桔皮提取物形成氧化锌NPs的机理进行了较为全面的研究。研究表明，瓜皮提取物是制备球形、单分散、高结晶、宽禁带ZnO纳米粒子的理想介质。这项研究强调了ZnO薄膜作为一种有前途的微波吸收材料的潜力，特别是在微波炉门的涂层上。它还为利用可持续资源开发能够吸收不必要微波辐射的高性能材料铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Contact melting in bimetallic Cu-Ag nanolayer: Molecular dynamics simulation and fractal analysis 双金属Cu-Ag纳米层的接触熔化：分子动力学模拟与分形分析

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101496

V.M. Samsonov, N.B. Kuz’min, N.Yu. Sdobnyakov, I.V. Talyzin, P.V. Komarov

Contact melting (CM) is a constituent of a number of technologies, including soldering, sintering, and eutectic bonding. In particular, the chip-level bonding between electronic components may be noted. Our present paper shines a light on regularities and mechanisms of CM at the nanoscale. In our molecular dynamics experiments we simulated CM in a bimetallic Cu-Ag nanolayer using the embedded atom method. In particular, the kinetic dependencies of the potential term into the specific (per atom) internal energy, the sample sizes, the radial distribution function, and the volume concentration of both kinds of atoms were found to reveal and analyze sequential stages of CM. A special emphasis is made on employing the fractal dimension as an important and new descriptor of CM. A concept has been developed of the dynamic evaluation of the fractal dimension of instantaneous images of atomic configurations at all the stages of CM. A conclusion is made that kinetics of the fractal dimension and information entropy adequately reflects the growth of the conventional thermodynamic entropy during the CM process. The vacancy pore formation at the earliest stage of CM (before nucleation and growth of a liquid phase) was discovered thanks to employing, the Connolly algorithm used before to construct Connolly surfaces in organic materials only. Thus, for the first time, we observed a manifestation of the Kirkendall effect in the course of CM at the nanoscale.

接触熔化（CM）是许多技术的组成部分，包括焊接、烧结和共晶键合。特别地，可以注意到电子元件之间的芯片级键合。本文揭示了纳米尺度CM的规律和机制。在我们的分子动力学实验中，我们用嵌入原子的方法模拟了双金属Cu-Ag纳米层中的CM。特别是，势能项与（每个原子）比内能、样品大小、径向分布函数和两种原子的体积浓度之间的动力学依赖关系揭示和分析了CM的顺序阶段。特别强调了将分形维数作为CM的一个重要的新描述符。本文提出了原子构型瞬时图像分形维数动态评价的概念。结果表明，分形维数和信息熵的动力学特征充分反映了常规热力学熵在CM过程中的增长。由于使用了之前仅在有机材料中构建Connolly表面的Connolly算法，发现了CM最早阶段（液相成核和生长之前）的空位孔形成。因此，我们首次在纳米尺度上观察到CM过程中Kirkendall效应的表现。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of multi-factorial composition on the size of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) using Box-Behnken statistical design 采用Box-Behnken统计设计研究了多因子组成对超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（SPIONs）尺寸的影响

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101504

Siau Wui Chin , Min Li Yong , Sarah Lee Tung Law , Omar Hassanien , Jack Hau Ooi , Liang Ee Low , Kooi Yeong Khaw , Chee Wun How , Yong Sze Ong

The physicochemical properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), particularly particle size, critically influence their performance in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and magnetic hyperthermia. However, co-precipitation, a commonly used synthesis method for SPIONs, often leads to broad particle size distribution due to limited control over key reaction parameters. This study aims to optimise the synthesis of SPIONs by evaluating the influence of pH, surfactant concentration (PEG-400), and sonication time on particle size using a Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM). A total of 15 experimental runs were conducted, and a linear model was revealed to be the most suitable prediction model for particle size. The optimal synthesis conditions of 10 min of sonication time, 1 % PEG-400 and pH 9 produced SPIONs with a particle size of 145 nm. However, the analysis of variance did not indicate significant interactions among the parameters, potentially due to limitations in nanoparticle size measurement methods. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the spherical morphology and aggregation behaviour of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity on 4T1 breast cancer cells demonstrated that the SPIONs were non-toxic up 25 μg/mL. These findings provide a valuable reference for the controlled synthesis of SPIONs and support their potential application in cancer theranostics.

超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（SPIONs）的物理化学性质，特别是粒径，严重影响其在生物医学应用中的性能，如药物输送、成像和磁热疗。然而，作为合成SPIONs的常用方法，共沉淀法由于对关键反应参数的控制有限，往往导致SPIONs的粒径分布较宽。本研究旨在通过使用Box-Behnken响应面法（RSM）评估pH、表面活性剂浓度（PEG-400）和超声时间对粒径的影响来优化SPIONs的合成。共进行了15次试验，结果表明线性模型是最适合的粒度预测模型。最佳合成条件为：超声时间为10 min， PEG-400浓度为1 %，pH为9，可制得粒径为145 nm的SPIONs。然而，方差分析并未表明参数之间存在显著的相互作用，这可能是由于纳米颗粒尺寸测量方法的局限性。透射电镜（TEM）证实了纳米颗粒的球形形貌和聚集行为。此外，体外对4T1乳腺癌细胞的细胞毒性实验表明，SPIONs无毒，浓度为25 μg/mL。这些发现为SPIONs的控制合成提供了有价值的参考，并支持其在癌症治疗中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring the dielectric behavior of BaTiO3 via incorporation of vanadium-substituted barium hexaferrite and thermal effects 通过加入钒取代的六铁氧体钡和热效应来调整BaTiO3的介电行为

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101539

Yassine Slimani , Hamit Erdemi , Abdulhadi Baykal , Atul Thakur , Mohammad Shariq , Munirah A. Almessiere

Composite ceramics of a BaTiO₃ (BTO) matrix incorporated with varying quantities of BaFe_11.96V_0.04O₁₉ (BVFO) hexaferrite were investigated. The successful creation of the intended composites was verified using XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX spectroscopy, which revealed the coexistence of the two-component phases. There were no further phases other than the initial components, indicating that the adopted approach is efficient in obtaining the desired composites. The BTO phase is represented by spherical grains, while the BVFO hexaferrite phase is represented by plate-like grains. The dielectric properties were tested in a frequency range of 1 Hz–3 MHz and at different temperatures of 30–120°C using an impedance spectroscopy instrument. At low frequencies, temperature-dependent dipolar and interfacial polarizations have a remarkable effect. Conversely, ionic and electronic polarizations are less temperature-dependent, which became more effective at high frequencies. The observed effects in dielectric measurements are a result of combined electron and polaron jumping conduction mechanisms. The Cole-Cole plots showed the dominant effect of grains and grain boundaries for all compositions but also revealed the negligible influence of the electrode. Additionally, it was crucial to avoid extremely large losses, which is shown by the determined dielectric tangent loss.

研究了以BaTiO3 （BTO）为基体，掺入不同量BaFe11.96V0.04O19 （BVFO）六铁体的复合陶瓷。通过XRD、FE-SEM和EDX光谱验证了复合材料的成功制备，结果表明两组分相共存。除了初始组分外，没有其他相，表明所采用的方法可以有效地获得所需的复合材料。BTO相以球状晶粒为代表，BVFO六铁素体相以片状晶粒为代表。利用阻抗谱仪在1 Hz-3 MHz的频率范围内和30-120℃的不同温度下测试了材料的介电性能。在低频，温度相关的偶极和界面极化有显著的影响。相反，离子和电子极化对温度的依赖性较小，在高频率下变得更有效。在介电测量中观察到的效应是电子和极化子跳变传导机制共同作用的结果。Cole-Cole图显示了晶粒和晶界对所有成分的主导作用，但也显示了电极的影响可以忽略不计。此外，避免极大的损耗是至关重要的，这可以从确定的介电正切损耗中看出。

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引用次数: 0

Architecting MXene-based nanocomposite coatings: A paradigm shift in electromagnetic shielding 构建基于mxene的纳米复合涂层：电磁屏蔽的范式转变

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101523

Yash Avhad , Shruti Gupta , Arul Jeya Kumar , Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

MXenes, a swiftly sprouting genus of transition metals with two-dimensional (2D) structures have engrossed momentous exploration interest due to their peculiar chemicophysical attributes and disparate prospective solicitations. This review bestows an encyclopaedic investigation of the characteristics of MXenes, such as their exceptional electromagnetic shielding, configurable chemistry, and stratified structure. These possessions are predominantly determined by idiosyncratic configuration, with–OH, –O, and –F as functional groups. The nucleuses on pioneering synthesis and etching for several MXenes. The emphasis on the exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities of MXenes, which is conceivably pronounced by inherent outstanding dielectric characteristics, and multi-scale structures that postulate efficacious raptness and replication of electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, the photothermal conversion characteristics of MXenes are philanthroping. This mightily interests contenders for various applications. MXenes, illustrated elevated mechanical properties, which are levied in relation to their assimilation into composite materials, where they serve as fortifying agents to enhance robustness and longevity. Moreover, the review scrutinizes the diverse uses for MXenes, including highly vital aerospace, stealth, military, wearable electronics, and energy repository devices like supercapacitors. By synthesizing current progress in the investigation of MXenes, this paper emphasizes their capacity to operate as versatile materials in futuristic defence pertinent technologies.

MXenes是一种迅速发展的具有二维结构的过渡金属，由于其独特的化学物理属性和不同的前景，引起了人们极大的探索兴趣。这篇综述对MXenes的特性进行了百科全书式的研究，例如其特殊的电磁屏蔽、可配置的化学和分层结构。这些占有主要是由特殊结构决定的，- oh， -O和-F是官能团。几种MXenes的开创性合成和刻蚀的核。强调MXenes的特殊电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽能力，这可以通过固有的杰出介电特性和多尺度结构来实现，这些结构可以假设电磁波的有效捕获和复制。此外，MXenes光热转换特性是慈善的。这极大地吸引了各种应用的竞争者。MXenes显示了机械性能的提高，这与它们在复合材料中的同化有关，在复合材料中，它们作为强化剂来增强坚固性和寿命。此外，该报告还详细审查了MXenes的各种用途，包括至关重要的航空航天、隐身、军事、可穿戴电子产品和超级电容器等能量存储设备。通过综合目前MXenes的研究进展，本文强调了它们在未来国防相关技术中作为多功能材料的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Plant-mediated ZnO nanoparticles using Allophylus concanicus: Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biological evaluation 植物介导氧化锌纳米颗粒的合成、表征和体外生物学评价

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101524

Komalakshi K V , Avinash Arasidda Kamble , Delicia Avilla Barretto , M.S. Divakar , Raju Krishna Chalannavar

This study reports the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Allophylus concanicus leaf extract (Ac-ZnONPs) via an eco-friendly co-precipitation method. Nanoparticle formation was confirmed by a color change and a UV–Visible absorption peak at 354 nm. FE-SEM revealed spherical nanoparticles averaging 33.14 nm, with EDX confirming Zn, O, and C. FTIR indicated phenolic and flavonoid functional groups involved in reduction and capping. PXRD patterns matched the hexagonal wurtzite ZnO phase (ICDD No. 01–070–8072), with calculated lattice parameters a= 3.26 A˚ and c= 5.22 A˚. Zeta potential of –18.4 mV suggested moderate colloidal stability. Biological evaluations demonstrated strong antibacterial activity (MICs of 1.25 µg/mL for Gram-positive and 5 µg/mL for Gram-negative bacteria), likely due to ROS generation and membrane disruption. Ac-ZnONPs exhibited excellent antioxidant activity (93.26 % DPPH scavenging at 200 µg/mL) and notable anti-inflammatory activity (IC₅₀ of 15.92 ± 0.56 µg/mL, comparable to diclofenac sodium). Moderate antidiabetic activity was observed (IC₅₀ values of 20.27 ± 0.39 µg/mL for α-amylase and 18.18 ± 0.39 µg/mL for α-glucosidase). These findings highlight the multifunctional bioactivity of Ac-ZnONPs, supporting their potential for diverse biomedical applications and offering a sustainable route for plant-based ZnO nanomaterials.

本文报道了以异叶草叶片提取物（Ac-ZnONPs）为原料，采用共沉淀法绿色合成氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）。通过颜色变化和354 nm处的紫外可见吸收峰证实了纳米颗粒的形成。FE-SEM发现了平均为33.14 nm的球形纳米颗粒，EDX证实了Zn、O和c， FTIR表明酚类和类黄酮官能团参与了还原和封盖。PXRD图谱与六方纤锌矿ZnO相（ICDD No. 01-070-8072）相匹配，计算出的晶格参数a= 3.26 a˚，c= 5.22 a˚。Zeta电位为-18.4 mV，胶体稳定性中等。生物学评价显示出较强的抗菌活性（革兰氏阳性菌的mic为1.25 µg/mL，革兰氏阴性菌的mic为5 µg/mL），可能是由于ROS的产生和膜破坏。Ac-ZnONPs表现出优异的抗氧化活性（200 µg/mL时DPPH清除率为93.26 %）和显著的抗炎活性（IC50为15.92 ± 0.56 µg/mL，与双氯芬酸钠相当）。α-淀粉酶的IC50值为20.27 ± 0.39 µg/mL， α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50值为18.18 ± 0.39 µg/mL。这些发现突出了Ac-ZnONPs的多功能生物活性，支持了它们在多种生物医学应用中的潜力，并为植物基ZnO纳米材料提供了一条可持续的途径。

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