In this communication, the prevalence of Poole-Frenkel conduction mechanism in two distinct semiconductor systems, CdS single-layered and CdS/SnS2 heterojunction electrode systems, is reported. X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibits the formation of CdS quantum dots (QDs). A High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows a discrete particle distribution of SnS2, tends to assemble into nanosheets. Poole-Frenkel conduction arises due to the trap distribution of CdS dots, modified by SnS2 sheets. Furthermore, the formation of heterojunctions with SnS2 shows promising enhancement in charge transport, characterized by reduced trap density and improved conductivity compared pristine CdS. The findings provide valuable insights into the fundamental charge transport processes in CdS/SnS2 system and offer potential avenues for optimizing the performance of electronic devices.
{"title":"Poole-Frenkel conduction in CdS single-layered and CdS/SnS2 heterojunction electrode system","authors":"Yowa Nanung , Lohnye Tangjang , Hirendra Das , P.K. Kalita","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this communication, the prevalence of Poole-Frenkel conduction mechanism in two distinct semiconductor systems, CdS single-layered and CdS/SnS<sub>2</sub> heterojunction electrode systems, is reported. X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibits the formation of CdS quantum dots (QDs). A High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows a discrete particle distribution of SnS<sub>2</sub>, tends to assemble into nanosheets. Poole-Frenkel conduction arises due to the trap distribution of CdS dots, modified by SnS<sub>2</sub> sheets. Furthermore, the formation of heterojunctions with SnS<sub>2</sub> shows promising enhancement in charge transport, characterized by reduced trap density and improved conductivity compared pristine CdS. The findings provide valuable insights into the fundamental charge transport processes in CdS/SnS<sub>2</sub> system and offer potential avenues for optimizing the performance of electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101359"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><div>Hierarchical pore development has been widely explored with various biomass precursors using one or more surface activating agents and porogens to prepare three-dimensional (3D) carbon materials such as activated carbons (ACs) with high specific surface areas (SSA) for the fabrication of electrical double layer (EDLC) supercapacitor (SC) for efficient charge storage. However, purity, quality and performance of biomass derived ACs are usually concerned as toxic gases are produced from activating agents and porogens. In further connection with an effective pore structure control in such ACs, selection of the activating agent and the carbonization conditions is highly crucial. We noted that zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>) activation has not been attempted with red onion (<em>Allium cepa. L</em>) skins for energy storage applications. This motivated us to have a detailed investigation of the ZnCl<sub>2</sub> effect on red onion skins at different temperatures. In this study to see if we can correlate the activation process to be investigated with the pore structure management in the ACs derived, mainly to see if we can deduce some meaningful relationship with the energy storage performance of the resulting 3D carbon structures. We found that 3D carbon sponges can be derived from red onion skins at 900 °C for 3 h under inert atmosphere due to the inherent assembly of quercetin molecules and anthocyanins via hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions assisted surface activation, carbonization, and aromatization processes. Surface porosity measurements using BET method revealed that the SSA (∼2398 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) of 3D porous carbon sponges is comparable or higher than the most other biomass derived ACs. High resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) results confirmed that around each micropore and mesopore, five to ten graphitic nanolayers were created, which further interacted to form conducting networks on the 3D sponge surface. Such conducting networks stabilized the hierarchical pores and circulated the electrolyte in and around the micro/-nano cavity via controlled diffusion process which promoted an efficient charge storage at the electrochemical interface. As a result, the 3D carbon material provided a specific capacitance (<em>C</em><sub>sp</sub>) value of 265 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density (CD) of 1.0 Ag<sup>−1</sup>, with two-fold higher than that provided by commercial AC materials. The all-solid-state SC fabricated with 3D carbon sponge provided a high energy density (ED) of 19.9 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density (PD) of 12.5 KW kg<sup>−1</sup> with minimum IR drop (∼0.05 V), which is comparable to the ED and PD values for biomass-derived ACs reported in the literature. This work provides new insights into the preparation of 3D nanostructured ACs with sponge-like texture from a biomass precursor with good control over 3D structure, graphitic networks, and porosity development for improved e
人们广泛利用各种生物质前体，使用一种或多种表面活化剂和致孔剂来制备三维（3D）碳材料，如具有高比表面积（SSA）的活性碳（AC），用于制造高效电荷存储的双电层（EDLC）超级电容器（SC）。然而，生物质衍生活性炭的纯度、质量和性能通常受到关注，因为活化剂和孔隙剂会产生有毒气体。为了进一步有效控制此类 AC 的孔隙结构，活化剂和碳化条件的选择至关重要。我们注意到氯化锌（ZnCl2）活化还没有尝试过与红洋葱（Allium cepa. L）皮一起用于储能应用。这促使我们对氯化锌在不同温度下对红洋葱皮的影响进行详细调查。在这项研究中，我们想看看是否能将所要研究的活化过程与所得到的三维碳结构中的孔隙结构管理联系起来，主要是想看看我们是否能推断出与所得到的三维碳结构的储能性能之间的一些有意义的关系。我们发现，由于槲皮素分子和花青素在表面活化、碳化和芳香化过程中通过氢键和π-π堆叠相互作用固有地组装在一起，因此在惰性气氛下于900 °C下3小时可从红洋葱皮中衍生出三维碳海绵。利用 BET 法测量表面孔隙率发现，三维多孔碳海绵的 SSA（2398 平方米克-1）与大多数其他生物质衍生 AC 相似或更高。高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）结果证实，在每个微孔和中孔周围都形成了五到十个石墨纳米层，它们进一步相互作用，在三维海绵表面形成了导电网络。这种导电网络稳定了分层孔隙，并通过受控扩散过程使电解质在微/纳米腔内外循环，从而促进了电化学界面的高效电荷存储。因此，三维碳材料在电流密度（CD）为 1.0 Ag-1 时的比电容（Csp）值为 265 F g-1，比商用交流电材料高出两倍。用三维海绵碳制造的全固态 SC 在功率密度（PD）为 12.5 KW kg-1 时可提供 19.9 Wh kg-1 的高能量密度（ED），且红外电压降（∼0.05 V）最小，与文献报道的生物质源 AC 的 ED 值和 PD 值相当。这项工作为利用生物质前驱体制备具有海绵状质地的三维纳米结构交流电提供了新的视角，并很好地控制了三维结构、石墨网络和孔隙率的发展，从而改善了能量存储应用。
{"title":"3D carbon sponge-derived from red onion skin for solid-state supercapacitor","authors":"Pitchaimani Veerakumar , Arun Prakash Periasamy , Arumugam Sangili , Chih-Ching Huang , Huan-Tsung Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hierarchical pore development has been widely explored with various biomass precursors using one or more surface activating agents and porogens to prepare three-dimensional (3D) carbon materials such as activated carbons (ACs) with high specific surface areas (SSA) for the fabrication of electrical double layer (EDLC) supercapacitor (SC) for efficient charge storage. However, purity, quality and performance of biomass derived ACs are usually concerned as toxic gases are produced from activating agents and porogens. In further connection with an effective pore structure control in such ACs, selection of the activating agent and the carbonization conditions is highly crucial. We noted that zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>) activation has not been attempted with red onion (<em>Allium cepa. L</em>) skins for energy storage applications. This motivated us to have a detailed investigation of the ZnCl<sub>2</sub> effect on red onion skins at different temperatures. In this study to see if we can correlate the activation process to be investigated with the pore structure management in the ACs derived, mainly to see if we can deduce some meaningful relationship with the energy storage performance of the resulting 3D carbon structures. We found that 3D carbon sponges can be derived from red onion skins at 900 °C for 3 h under inert atmosphere due to the inherent assembly of quercetin molecules and anthocyanins via hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions assisted surface activation, carbonization, and aromatization processes. Surface porosity measurements using BET method revealed that the SSA (∼2398 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) of 3D porous carbon sponges is comparable or higher than the most other biomass derived ACs. High resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) results confirmed that around each micropore and mesopore, five to ten graphitic nanolayers were created, which further interacted to form conducting networks on the 3D sponge surface. Such conducting networks stabilized the hierarchical pores and circulated the electrolyte in and around the micro/-nano cavity via controlled diffusion process which promoted an efficient charge storage at the electrochemical interface. As a result, the 3D carbon material provided a specific capacitance (<em>C</em><sub>sp</sub>) value of 265 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density (CD) of 1.0 Ag<sup>−1</sup>, with two-fold higher than that provided by commercial AC materials. The all-solid-state SC fabricated with 3D carbon sponge provided a high energy density (ED) of 19.9 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density (PD) of 12.5 KW kg<sup>−1</sup> with minimum IR drop (∼0.05 V), which is comparable to the ED and PD values for biomass-derived ACs reported in the literature. This work provides new insights into the preparation of 3D nanostructured ACs with sponge-like texture from a biomass precursor with good control over 3D structure, graphitic networks, and porosity development for improved e","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101361
Sai Teja Banala, Adithyan TR, Saisupriyalakshmi Saravanan, Shyam V.S., Sreeram K. Kalpathy, Tiju Thomas
We report the use of oxide-coated Al-Cu nanoparticles for enhanced solar water heating purposes. Both Al and Cu are earth-abundant metals, so they are chosen in this work. Furthermore, Al- and Cu-based nanoparticles have substantial absorption cross-sections in UV, visible, and some parts of the near-infrared region (∼300–1100 nm). This makes these nanoparticles useful in solar water heating applications. An aqueous synthesis approach, which yields oxide-coated Al-Cu-based nanoparticles, is used since it is scalable and eco-friendly. The effects of particle loading between 0.025–0.1 wt% in water, for use as a nanofluid, are tested under an infrared source. The oxide-coated Al-Cu nanoparticles are mostly cubic in morphology. The particles are stable in the nanofluid with zeta potential values >30 mV. On dispersing 0.075 wt% of these nanoparticles in water, a 14–16 % enhancement in the saturation temperature is obtained. This implies that the heating kinetic constants are increased by ∼15 % upon addition of these nanoparticles to water. The scattering and absorption cross-sections for the Al-Cu-oxide based nanoparticle system were determined computationally by solving the Maxwell’s equations. The peak scattering cross-section was found to occur at a wavelength of 728 nm for a particle size of 50 nm. The values obtained computationally were used as inputs to solve the energy balance equations for simulating a water heating setup. A maximum temperature of 347.5 K is predicted for a volume of 500 ml water over a 12-hour solar heating time period, with an initial ambient temperature of 305 K. These values are commensurate with the experimental data, thus validating the model’s accuracy. These results suggest that Al-Cu-based nanoparticles would be promising candidates for use in solar water heating and thermal nanofluid applications.
{"title":"Oxide-coated Al-Cu-based nanoparticles for enhanced solar water heating","authors":"Sai Teja Banala, Adithyan TR, Saisupriyalakshmi Saravanan, Shyam V.S., Sreeram K. Kalpathy, Tiju Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the use of oxide-coated Al-Cu nanoparticles for enhanced solar water heating purposes. Both Al and Cu are earth-abundant metals, so they are chosen in this work. Furthermore, Al- and Cu-based nanoparticles have substantial absorption cross-sections in UV, visible, and some parts of the near-infrared region (∼300–1100 nm). This makes these nanoparticles useful in solar water heating applications. An aqueous synthesis approach, which yields oxide-coated Al-Cu-based nanoparticles, is used since it is scalable and eco-friendly. The effects of particle loading between 0.025–0.1 wt% in water, for use as a nanofluid, are tested under an infrared source. The oxide-coated Al-Cu nanoparticles are mostly cubic in morphology. The particles are stable in the nanofluid with zeta potential values >30 mV. On dispersing 0.075 wt% of these nanoparticles in water, a 14–16 % enhancement in the saturation temperature is obtained. This implies that the heating kinetic constants are increased by ∼15 % upon addition of these nanoparticles to water. The scattering and absorption cross-sections for the Al-Cu-oxide based nanoparticle system were determined computationally by solving the Maxwell’s equations. The peak scattering cross-section was found to occur at a wavelength of 728 nm for a particle size of 50 nm. The values obtained computationally were used as inputs to solve the energy balance equations for simulating a water heating setup. A maximum temperature of 347.5 K is predicted for a volume of 500 ml water over a 12-hour solar heating time period, with an initial ambient temperature of 305 K. These values are commensurate with the experimental data, thus validating the model’s accuracy. These results suggest that Al-Cu-based nanoparticles would be promising candidates for use in solar water heating and thermal nanofluid applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101361"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101363
Temitayo I. Adesipe , Emeka J. Iweala , Ismail O. Ishola , Omotayo A. Arotiba , Abiodun H. Adebayo
This study evaluated the influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using Mitracarpus scaber (M. scaber) extracts on testosterone and n-methyl-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced prostate carcinoma in rat. AgNPs were synthesized from 0.1 M AgNO3 solution using the aqueous and ethanol extracts of M. scaber (AMS and EMS) as reducing as well as capping agents. The AgNPs produced using AMS (ANP) and EMS (ENP) were then analyzed via various spectroscopic experiments. Later on, the biological effects of ANP and ENP were evaluated on testosterone and n-methyl-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced prostate carcinoma in rat. The study found that ANP and ENP have characteristic crystalline structures, with particle sizes ranging from ∼5–20 nm and prominent absorbance peak at 425 nm was observed for ANP while absorption peaks at 410 and 675 nm were observed for ENP indicating that ANP is isotropic in nature while ENP is anisotropic in nature. The findings regarding chemopreventive effects on prostate carcinogenesis revealed that ANP caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in prostate weight. However, both ANP and ENP, ameliorated prostatic hypertrophy (i.e., decreased prostate enlargement and acini proliferation) in rats induced with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In comparison to the PCa group as well as other groups, ENP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the mean concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-). Also, ENP significantly restored depleted activities levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase caused by prostate carcinogenesis. Furthermore, ENP caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels, an upregulation of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1 and DNMT3b) expression, and activation of caspase 7. The results of the present study showed the potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-neoplastic effects of AgNPs of M. scaber ethanol extract which implies that it could be used as an adjunct in the treatment of prostate cancer.
{"title":"Utilizing Mitracarpus scaber extracts for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Exploring physicochemical properties and potential chemopreventive activity against N-methyl-nitrosourea- induced prostate carcinoma in rats","authors":"Temitayo I. Adesipe , Emeka J. Iweala , Ismail O. Ishola , Omotayo A. Arotiba , Abiodun H. Adebayo","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using <em>Mitracarpus scaber</em> (<em>M. scaber</em>) extracts on testosterone and n-methyl-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced prostate carcinoma in rat. AgNPs were synthesized from 0.1 M AgNO<sub>3</sub> solution using the aqueous and ethanol extracts of <em>M. scaber</em> (AMS and EMS) as reducing as well as capping agents. The AgNPs produced using AMS (ANP) and EMS (ENP) were then analyzed via various spectroscopic experiments. Later on, the biological effects of ANP and ENP were evaluated on testosterone and n-methyl-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced prostate carcinoma in rat. The study found that ANP and ENP have characteristic crystalline structures, with particle sizes ranging from ∼5–20 nm and prominent absorbance peak at 425 nm was observed for ANP while absorption peaks at 410 and 675 nm were observed for ENP indicating that ANP is isotropic in nature while ENP is anisotropic in nature. The findings regarding chemopreventive effects on prostate carcinogenesis revealed that ANP caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in prostate weight. However, both ANP and ENP, ameliorated prostatic hypertrophy (i.e., decreased prostate enlargement and acini proliferation) in rats induced with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In comparison to the PCa group as well as other groups, ENP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the mean concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-). Also, ENP significantly restored depleted activities levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase caused by prostate carcinogenesis. Furthermore, ENP caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels, an upregulation of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1 and DNMT3b) expression, and activation of caspase 7. The results of the present study showed the potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-neoplastic effects of AgNPs of <em>M. scaber</em> ethanol extract which implies that it could be used as an adjunct in the treatment of prostate cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101365
VijayaDurga V. V Lekkala , Madhava C. Reddy , Vajra C. Reddy , Swarna Kumari Kanthirigala , Sriram Chitta , Kakarla Raghava Reddy , Dakshayani Lomada
Nanoparticles present innovative approaches to enhance the treatment of various health disorders. Within a biological setting, they can penetrate cell membranes and interact with key biological molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Researchers have developed both inorganic and organic nanoparticles as high-quality nanocarriers for diverse biomedical purposes, including cell imaging, drug delivery, biosensors, and therapies targeting microbial infections, cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Specifically, nanoparticles loaded with anti-inflammatory medications have shown potential in targeting specific organs, thereby improving drug effectiveness in diseases like multiple sclerosis. The immune system, a complex network of cells, organs, and tissues, defends the body against infections and diseases. Autoimmune diseases occur when immune cells become overactive within their tissues, often influenced by breakdowns in self-tolerance mechanisms and various sex-related and environmental factors. These diseases affect roughly 10 % of the global population, predominantly women. Traditional immune therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, can inadvertently suppress healthy immune cells, leading to adverse reactions. Consequently, nanoparticle-based therapies are gaining attention for their ability to target specific immune cells and enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity to non-target cells. This review provides updates on the types of nanoparticles used for treating various autoimmune disorders, focusing on strategies to limit toxicity to healthy cells.
{"title":"Advancements in nanoparticles-based therapies for biomedical applications","authors":"VijayaDurga V. V Lekkala , Madhava C. Reddy , Vajra C. Reddy , Swarna Kumari Kanthirigala , Sriram Chitta , Kakarla Raghava Reddy , Dakshayani Lomada","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticles present innovative approaches to enhance the treatment of various health disorders. Within a biological setting, they can penetrate cell membranes and interact with key biological molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Researchers have developed both inorganic and organic nanoparticles as high-quality nanocarriers for diverse biomedical purposes, including cell imaging, drug delivery, biosensors, and therapies targeting microbial infections, cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Specifically, nanoparticles loaded with anti-inflammatory medications have shown potential in targeting specific organs, thereby improving drug effectiveness in diseases like multiple sclerosis. The immune system, a complex network of cells, organs, and tissues, defends the body against infections and diseases. Autoimmune diseases occur when immune cells become overactive within their tissues, often influenced by breakdowns in self-tolerance mechanisms and various sex-related and environmental factors. These diseases affect roughly 10 % of the global population, predominantly women. Traditional immune therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, can inadvertently suppress healthy immune cells, leading to adverse reactions. Consequently, nanoparticle-based therapies are gaining attention for their ability to target specific immune cells and enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity to non-target cells. This review provides updates on the types of nanoparticles used for treating various autoimmune disorders, focusing on strategies to limit toxicity to healthy cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101350
Salma Khalil , Tasawar Abbas , R. Nawaz
The significant purpose of present investigation of the behavior of a nanofluid's in magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD), mass transfer, Joule heating, and boundary layer transfer characteristics over an exponentially stretching sheet in a porous medium and thermal radiation effects. The article's goal is to look at the fluid flow and heat transmission characteristics from a sheet of hybrid nanoparticles. The partial differential equations (PDEs) that were derived for the mathematical model were converted using the proper similarity transformation into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The hybrid nanofluid composed of 97 % of ethyl glycol ( and the volume concentration of Magnetite and Copper) are ranging from 0.5 % to 2.5 % both respectively. The effects of thermal radiation, stretching rate, Joule heating, porous medium permeability, and nanoparticle volume fraction on the flow and heat transmission properties are investigated by numerical simulations using the finite difference method (FDM). The analysis reveals that the inclusion of nanofluids enhance the thermal conductivity and enhance the heat transfer rate. Additionally, the influence of variable viscosity on the flow behavior and thermal characteristics are examined graphically. The effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity are examined, as it has significance in optimizing system under various thermal and magnetic effects. This study offers a pathway to develop more efficient thermal management solutions, by contributing to technological advancement and energy saving. The key findings of present study reveal that the temperature profile rises significantly due to Joule heating effects. The Nusselt number reveal an improvement of about 12 % when the volume fraction of nano particles is increased by 1–4 % indicating the enhancement in heat transfer efficiency. Similarly, the velocity profile was influenced by porous medium permeability as 11 % increase in porosity result a 18 % decrease in velocity profile.
By using parametric research, the role of physical parameters in determining the local skin-friction coefficient, temperature, nanoparticle volume percentage, and longitudinal velocity profiles, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number are thoroughly examined. A graphic representation of the velocity, temperature, and concentration distribution findings is presented.
{"title":"Study of hybrid nanofluid flow in a porous medium over an exponentially stretching sheet under Joule heating and thermal radiation: Finite difference","authors":"Salma Khalil , Tasawar Abbas , R. Nawaz","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significant purpose of present investigation of the behavior of a nanofluid's in magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD), mass transfer, Joule heating, and boundary layer transfer characteristics over an exponentially stretching sheet in a porous medium and thermal radiation effects. The article's goal is to look at the fluid flow and heat transmission characteristics from a sheet of hybrid nanoparticles. The partial differential equations (PDEs) that were derived for the mathematical model were converted using the proper similarity transformation into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The hybrid nanofluid composed of 97 % of ethyl glycol (<span><math><mrow><mi>EG</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and the volume concentration of Magnetite <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>Fe</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and Copper<span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mo>(</mo><mi>Cu</mi></mrow></math></span>) are ranging from 0.5 % to 2.5 % both respectively. The effects of thermal radiation, stretching rate, Joule heating, porous medium permeability, and nanoparticle volume fraction on the flow and heat transmission properties are investigated by numerical simulations using the finite difference method (FDM). The analysis reveals that the inclusion of nanofluids enhance the thermal conductivity and enhance the heat transfer rate. Additionally, the influence of variable viscosity on the flow behavior and thermal characteristics are examined graphically. The effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity are examined, as it has significance in optimizing system under various thermal and magnetic effects. This study offers a pathway to develop more efficient thermal management solutions, by contributing to technological advancement and energy saving. The key findings of present study reveal that the temperature profile rises significantly due to Joule heating effects. The Nusselt number reveal an improvement of about 12 % when the volume fraction of nano particles is increased by 1–4 % indicating the enhancement in heat transfer efficiency. Similarly, the velocity profile was influenced by porous medium permeability as 11 % increase in porosity result a 18 % decrease in velocity profile.</div><div>By using parametric research, the role of physical parameters in determining the local skin-friction coefficient, temperature, nanoparticle volume percentage, and longitudinal velocity profiles, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number are thoroughly examined. A graphic representation of the velocity, temperature, and concentration distribution findings is presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101350"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clay minerals are low-cost and environmentally benign natural adsorbents with huge potential for removing micropollutants from aqueous solutions owing to their intrinsic surface properties. In this study, montmorillonite and kaolin clay minerals were activated using NaNO3 and HNO3 to develop activated montmorillonite- kaolin clay composites (AMKCC) material for the sequestration of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solution. The developed AMKCC was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The BET analysis reveals an improved BET surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of 139.13 m2/g, 0.17 cm3/g and 2.18 nm, respectively. At optimum conditions, pH (3.56), initial concentration (16.74 mg/L), time (77.9 mins) and adsorbent dosage (0.4 g), the percentage of ciprofloxacin removed from aqueous solution was 97 %. The adsorption of ciprofloxacin (CIP) using AMKCC was spontaneous, feasible, endothermic, and followed Freundlich isotherm with pseudo-second-order kinetics. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of AMKCC is 344.82 mg/g. The desorption studies revealed HCl as the best eluent for AMKCC regeneration. Therefore, AMKCC has considerable potential for the adsorption of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solution.
{"title":"Enhanced sequestration of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution using composite montmorillonite-kaolin clay adsorbent","authors":"Toyin Adedayo Oreofe , Akeem Olatunde Arinkoola , Solomon Oluyemi Alagbe , Kehinde Shola Obayomi , Olugbenga Solomon Bello , Oladipupo Olaosebikan Ogunleye","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clay minerals are low-cost and environmentally benign natural adsorbents with huge potential for removing micropollutants from aqueous solutions owing to their intrinsic surface properties. In this study, montmorillonite and kaolin clay minerals were activated using NaNO<sub>3</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> to develop activated montmorillonite- kaolin clay composites (AMKCC) material for the sequestration of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solution. The developed AMKCC was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The BET analysis reveals an improved BET surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of 139.13 m<sup>2</sup>/g, 0.17 cm<sup>3</sup>/g and 2.18 nm, respectively. At optimum conditions, pH (3.56), initial concentration (16.74 mg/L), time (77.9 mins) and adsorbent dosage (0.4 g), the percentage of ciprofloxacin removed from aqueous solution was 97 %. The adsorption of ciprofloxacin (CIP) using AMKCC was spontaneous, feasible, endothermic, and followed Freundlich isotherm with pseudo-second-order kinetics. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of AMKCC is 344.82 mg/g. The desorption studies revealed HCl as the best eluent for AMKCC regeneration. Therefore, AMKCC has considerable potential for the adsorption of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101364"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of polymers in day-to-day life is undeniable; nevertheless, applicability of these polymers in the fire risk sector poses serious limitations as most of the polymeric materials/coatings employed are prone to fire. Hence to improve the fire retardant (FR) properties of polymers, researchers recommend the use of FR materials/additives, either physically blended or incorporated chemically via suitable modifications. However, to achieve sufficient FR property, usually higher amounts of traditional FRs are required which understandably deteriorates the mechanical and other important properties of the polymers. Moreover, use of halogenated FRs are under immense scrutiny due to the possible release of carcinogenic and organic pollutants. As a result development of halogen-free FRs is an emerging field of research. In this context, incorporation of nanostructured two-dimensional (2-D) materials to form polymer composites that can not only reinforce the mechanical, thermal and other important properties but also improve flame retardancy has opened up new prospects. The 2-D nanostructured materials, particularly, layered double hydroxide (LDH), MXenes, Graphene and its derivatives, Boron Nitride (BN) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) have demonstrated capabilities to enhance the FR properties as a green and environmentally benign material. Incorporation of these 2-D materials into polymers to form nanohybrids can be achieved either as conventional filler or as surface modified systems chemically bonded to the parent matrix. In the present review, the recent development strategies of surface modifications employed on 2-D nanostructured materials (LDH, MXenes, GO, BN and/or MoS2) to form polymeric nanocomposites and the FR properties achieved are discussed. The significant outcomes reported by various research groups, the key insights gained and viewpoints are deliberated. A plausible underlying mechanism for flame retardancy offered by 2-D nanostructured materials (LDH, MXenes, GO, BN and/or MoS2) based polymer nanocomposites as extended by several research groups is discussed.
{"title":"2D-nanostructures as flame retardant additives: Recent progress in hybrid polymeric coatings","authors":"Supraja Sankeshi , Jayasree Ganapathiraju , Pooja Bajaj , Madhu Krishna Mangali , Syed Hussain Shaik , Pratyay Basak","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of polymers in day-to-day life is undeniable; nevertheless, applicability of these polymers in the fire risk sector poses serious limitations as most of the polymeric materials/coatings employed are prone to fire. Hence to improve the fire retardant (FR) properties of polymers, researchers recommend the use of FR materials/additives, either physically blended or incorporated chemically <em>via</em> suitable modifications. However, to achieve sufficient FR property, usually higher amounts of traditional FRs are required which understandably deteriorates the mechanical and other important properties of the polymers. Moreover, use of halogenated FRs are under immense scrutiny due to the possible release of carcinogenic and organic pollutants. As a result development of halogen-free FRs is an emerging field of research. In this context, incorporation of nanostructured two-dimensional (2-D) materials to form polymer composites that can not only reinforce the mechanical, thermal and other important properties but also improve flame retardancy has opened up new prospects. The 2-D nanostructured materials, particularly, layered double hydroxide (LDH), MXenes, Graphene and its derivatives, Boron Nitride (BN) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) have demonstrated capabilities to enhance the FR properties as a green and environmentally benign material. Incorporation of these 2-D materials into polymers to form nanohybrids can be achieved either as conventional filler or as surface modified systems chemically bonded to the parent matrix. In the present review, the recent development strategies of surface modifications employed on 2-D nanostructured materials (LDH, MXenes, GO, BN and/or MoS<sub>2</sub>) to form polymeric nanocomposites and the FR properties achieved are discussed. The significant outcomes reported by various research groups, the key insights gained and viewpoints are deliberated. A plausible underlying mechanism for flame retardancy offered by 2-D nanostructured materials (LDH, MXenes, GO, BN and/or MoS<sub>2</sub>) based polymer nanocomposites as extended by several research groups is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101346"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101349
Faisal Mumtaz , Tasawar Abbas , Adil Jhangeer , Ijaz Ali
The growing need for effective thermal management systems in engineering applications will improve performance by using nanofluids. Nanofluids, which show enhanced thermal characteristics compared to typical fluids, offer an effective way for heat transmission processes in industries. This study is particularly useful for systems where traditional fluids are insufficient for improving thermal performance. Understanding the overall impacts of Joule heating, magnetic fields, and slip conditions would be beneficial in fields such as aircraft, microelectronics, and biomedical engineering.
The thermal significances of nanofluids in an inclined magnetized flow are analyzed in this work, taking slip effects and the Joule heating source into account. The motivation behind the current research is to investigate the flow and heat transfer behavior of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid under the influence of Joule heating in the presence of slip conditions.
Based on conservation laws and suitable boundary conditions, the governing formulas for mass, momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration are developed. In this thermal investigation, unsteady nanofluid flow in two dimensions via a nonlinear stretched configuration is studied numerically together with an example of a non-uniform heat source. Using similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equation for chemical radiation and slip effects parameters for hydromagnetic flow is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equation (ODE). To solve these equations, a numerical method is applied. This study found that the velocity, mass transfer, temperature, concentration, heat transfer, and skin friction coefficient are significantly influenced by the chemical reaction, radiation parameter, and velocity slip. A graphical representation of the parameters influencing the heat transfer and the velocity changes in calculation is observed.
{"title":"Analysis of thermal significances of nanofluids in inclined magnetized flow with Joule heating source and slip effects","authors":"Faisal Mumtaz , Tasawar Abbas , Adil Jhangeer , Ijaz Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing need for effective thermal management systems in engineering applications will improve performance by using nanofluids. Nanofluids, which show enhanced thermal characteristics compared to typical fluids, offer an effective way for heat transmission processes in industries. This study is particularly useful for systems where traditional fluids are insufficient for improving thermal performance. Understanding the overall impacts of Joule heating, magnetic fields, and slip conditions would be beneficial in fields such as aircraft, microelectronics, and biomedical engineering.</div><div>The thermal significances of nanofluids in an inclined magnetized flow are analyzed in this work, taking slip effects and the Joule heating source into account. The motivation behind the current research is to investigate the flow and heat transfer behavior of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid under the influence of Joule heating in the presence of slip conditions.</div><div>Based on conservation laws and suitable boundary conditions, the governing formulas for mass, momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration are developed. In this thermal investigation, unsteady nanofluid flow in two dimensions via a nonlinear stretched configuration is studied numerically together with an example of a non-uniform heat source. Using similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equation for chemical radiation and slip effects parameters for hydromagnetic flow is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equation (ODE). To solve these equations, a numerical method is applied. This study found that the velocity, mass transfer, temperature, concentration, heat transfer, and skin friction coefficient are significantly influenced by the chemical reaction, radiation parameter, and velocity slip. A graphical representation of the parameters influencing the heat transfer and the velocity changes in calculation is observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101358
Devesh U. Kapoor , Rahul Garg , Pushpendra Kumar Saini , Mansi Gaur , Bhupendra G. Prajapati
Cyclodextrin based Nanosponges (““CDX” ”-“NSP”) is a versatile platform for cancer treatment. The unique advantages of “CDX”, such as biocompatibility, low surface area and the ability to form inclusion complexes. “CDX” is synthesized through a cross-linking process to create a three-dimensional network for encapsulating and protecting anticancer drugs. ““CDX” ” “NSP” can exhibit either a crystalline or amorphous structure, along with a spherical shape and notable swelling properties. These “NSP” can complex with a diverse range of molecules with a diverse range of lipophilic or hydrophilic molecules. Characterization techniques, including spectroscopy and morphological studies, ensure the reproducibility and reliability of “CDX” “NSP”, shedding light on their stability and drug-loading capabilities. The versatility of “CDX” “NSP” showcases its potential as a universal drug delivery platform adaptable to various malignancies.
{"title":"Nanomedicine breakthrough: Cyclodextrin-based nano sponges revolutionizing cancer treatment","authors":"Devesh U. Kapoor , Rahul Garg , Pushpendra Kumar Saini , Mansi Gaur , Bhupendra G. Prajapati","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclodextrin based Nanosponges (““CDX” ”-“NSP”) is a versatile platform for cancer treatment. The unique advantages of “CDX”, such as biocompatibility, low surface area and the ability to form inclusion complexes. “CDX” is synthesized through a cross-linking process to create a three-dimensional network for encapsulating and protecting anticancer drugs. ““CDX” ” “NSP” can exhibit either a crystalline or amorphous structure, along with a spherical shape and notable swelling properties. These “NSP” can complex with a diverse range of molecules with a diverse range of lipophilic or hydrophilic molecules. Characterization techniques, including spectroscopy and morphological studies, ensure the reproducibility and reliability of “CDX” “NSP”, shedding light on their stability and drug-loading capabilities. The versatility of “CDX” “NSP” showcases its potential as a universal drug delivery platform adaptable to various malignancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":397,"journal":{"name":"Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101358"},"PeriodicalIF":5.45,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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