Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects最新文献_第9页

Physicochemical and photocatalytic properties of TiO2-bentonite composite used as photocatalysts for methylene orange degradation 二氧化钛-膨润土复合材料降解亚甲基橙光催化剂的物理化学和光催化性能

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101535

Ikram Daou , Afaf Aadnan , Omar Zegaoui , Abdelillah Shaim , Abdelghani Hsini , Hamou Moussout

This study presents the preparation, characterization and application of TiO₂-bentonite (Ti-BNP), with the aim of promoting natural bentonite, designed for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under UV light (365 nm). The natural bentonite has been purified (BNP) and doped with various TiO₂ mass ratios. The structural, mineralogical and morphological composition of *x*%Ti-BNP (*x* = mass % of TiO₂ in bentonite) have been investigated using various techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM-EDS). The obtained results revealed that *x*%Ti-BNP undergo structural modifications, with spectral intensity scaling proportionally to TiO₂ content. While pure TiO₂ demonstrated superior activity, the composites’ photocatalytic performance improved with higher TiO₂ loading. Degradation kinetics adhered to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, underscoring the critical role of surface adsorption. Optimal conditions were identified as acidic pH (enhancing interactions with anionic MO) and a catalyst mass of 25 mg (beyond which turbidity reduced efficiency). These findings suggest the promise of clay-TiO₂ hybrids for pollution mitigation, though further optimization of TiO₂ dispersion and surface properties is required to rival pure TiO₂.

本文研究了二氧化钛膨润土（Ti-BNP）的制备、表征和应用，旨在促进天然膨润土在紫外光（365 nm）下降解甲基橙（MO）的性能。对天然膨润土进行了纯化（BNP）并掺杂不同质量比的TiO2。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、x射线衍射（XRD）、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）表面积分析、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM-EDS）等多种技术研究了膨润土中*x*%Ti-BNP （*x* =质量%）的结构、矿物学和形态组成。结果表明，*x*%的Ti-BNP发生了结构修饰，光谱强度与TiO2含量成正比。纯TiO2表现出优异的光催化活性，TiO2负载越高，复合材料的光催化性能越好。降解动力学遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型，强调了表面吸附的关键作用。最佳条件确定为酸性pH值（增强与阴离子MO的相互作用）和催化剂质量为25 mg（超过浊度会降低效率）。这些发现表明，粘土-TiO2杂化物有望缓解污染，尽管需要进一步优化TiO2的分散性和表面性质，以与纯TiO2竞争。

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引用次数: 0

Darcy-Forchheimer dynamics of Cu-TiO2/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow over a nonlinearly stretching sheet with shape effect Cu-TiO2/H2O杂化纳米流体在具有形状效应的非线性拉伸薄片上流动的Darcy-Forchheimer动力学

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101528

K. Sreelakshmi , R. Vijaya Lakshmi , G. Sarojamma , Ali J. Chamkha

The current study presents the physical perspectives on 3D hydromagnetic Darcy-Forchheimer stream of composite (

Ti O_{2} - Cu / H_{2} O

) and mono (

Cu - H_{2} O

) nanofluids over a nonlinear-elastic inclined sheet with the effects of the shape factor of nano materials and the convective heating. Previous research has looked at the effects of mixed nanofluid dynamics and porous media on their own, but not much has been done on how shape factor, Lorentz force, nonlinear stretching, and inclined geometry all work together in a Darcy–Forchheimer structure.The resulting ODEs are solved using the shooting mechanism in combination with the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg methodology. The influence of various emerging parameters on the velocity and temperature fields, frictional drag, and heat transfer rate is examined and illustrated graphically. The results reveal that the two-phase hybrid nanofluid exhibits higher velocity compared to that in the single-phase flow. The

x

and

y

components of the drag force on the surface in both phases decrease with the Grashof number, while an opposite trend occurs with the magnetic parameter. Moreover, the hybrid nanofluid demonstrates enhanced heat transfer rates and elevated temperature fields relative to the mono nanofluid. Among the nanoparticle shapes considered, blade-shaped nanomaterials produce higher temperatures and greater heat transfer rates in both fluids. When particles are blade-shaped, the Nusselt number increase is 7.6 % higher than when particles are spherical. These implications have practical relevance towards thermal design in the fields of biomedical thermal control devices, electronic cooling systems and industrial heat exchangers.

本文从物理角度研究了复合纳米流体（TiO2−Cu/H2O）和单纳米流体（Cu−H2O）在非线性弹性斜片上的三维水磁Darcy-Forchheimer流，研究了纳米材料形状因子和对流加热的影响。先前的研究着眼于混合纳米流体动力学和多孔介质本身的影响，但对形状因子、洛伦兹力、非线性拉伸和倾斜几何如何在达西-福希海默结构中共同作用的研究并不多。利用射击机制结合龙格-库塔-费贝格方法求解得到的ode。各种新出现的参数对速度和温度场、摩擦阻力和换热率的影响进行了检验和图解。结果表明，两相混合纳米流体相对于单相流体表现出更高的速度。两相表面阻力的x、y分量均随格拉什夫数的增加而减小，而随磁性参数的增加而减小。此外，与单一纳米流体相比，混合纳米流体表现出更高的传热率和更高的温度场。在考虑的纳米颗粒形状中，叶片形状的纳米颗粒在两种流体中产生更高的温度和更高的传热速率。当颗粒呈叶片状时，努塞尔数增加比颗粒呈球形时高7.6%。这些启示对生物医学热控制装置、电子冷却系统和工业热交换器领域的热设计具有实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

State-of-the-art advances in hydrothermally synthesized carbon quantum dots: An extensive review 水热合成碳量子点的最新进展：综述

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101533

H.M. Solayman , Kah Hon Leong , Md. Kamal Hossain , Kang Kang , Md. Badiuzzaman Khan , Jheng-Jie Jiang , Azrina Abd Aziz

Fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are one of the most recently developed groups of innovative carbon nanomaterials. CQDs possess several unique properties, including low cytotoxicity, excellent photostability, and outstanding biocompatibility that potentially contribute to a wide range of applications. Although numerous synthesis processes have been discovered and reported for CQDs, real-time practical applications and precise controlling of the synthesis process remain difficult. In this regard, the hydrothermal synthesis method is considered to be straightforward and effective due to the high reactivity of the reactants, simplicity of solution control, low environmental impact, and low energy consumption. The synthesis and application of CQDs are covered in several publications; however, there are limited reviews that concentrate on hydrothermal synthesis, their underlying mechanisms, and recent technological developments. Therefore, studying the hydrothermal technique for CQDs using various precursors, characterizations, synthesis affecting factors, and potential applications is provided here. More specifically, this study emphasized the novel contributions, such as systematically summarizing organic molecules, green, animal, human, and industrial waste or byproducts precursors induced CQDs via hydrothermal methods. In addition, this article discusses the underlying reaction mechanisms in depth and provides critical insights into the emerging applications in agricultural, biomedical, environmental, sensing, and energy sectors. This review is expected to provide a strong direction to avoid theoretical doubts and attract more studies into this exciting topic.

荧光碳量子点（CQDs）是近年来发展起来的新型碳纳米材料之一。CQDs具有多种独特的特性，包括低细胞毒性、优异的光稳定性和出色的生物相容性，具有广泛的应用前景。虽然已经发现和报道了许多CQDs的合成方法，但合成过程的实时实际应用和精确控制仍然很困难。因此，水热合成方法具有反应物活性高、溶液控制简单、对环境影响小、能耗低等优点，是一种简单有效的合成方法。CQDs的合成和应用在一些出版物中有介绍；然而，关于水热合成及其潜在机制和最新技术发展的综述有限。因此，本文对不同前驱体的水热合成CQDs技术、表征、合成影响因素及潜在应用进行了研究。更具体地说，本研究强调了新的贡献，例如系统地总结了有机分子，绿色，动物，人类和工业废物或副产品前体通过水热方法诱导CQDs。此外，本文还深入讨论了潜在的反应机制，并对农业、生物医学、环境、传感和能源领域的新兴应用提供了重要见解。本文的综述有望为避免理论疑虑提供有力的方向，并吸引更多的研究进入这一令人兴奋的话题。

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引用次数: 0

Amino acid-modified graphene as a promising nanocarrier for anticancer drugs hydroxyurea and 6-thioguanine: DFT and MD investigations 氨基酸修饰石墨烯作为抗癌药物羟基脲和6-硫鸟嘌呤的有前途的纳米载体：DFT和MD研究

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101534

Lala Adetia Marlina , Aulia Sukma Hutama , Saifuddin Aziz , Suci Zulaikha Hildayani , Maula Eka Sriyani , Yanuar Setiadi , Patrik Chandra , Muthia Rahayu Iresha

This study investigates the potential of amino acid-modified graphene (AA-GR) as an effective nanocarrier for delivering two anticancer drugs: hydroxyurea (HU) and 6-thioguanine (TG). Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, the interactions between AA-modified graphene and the selected drugs were thoroughly investigated. Various amino acids—alanine, cysteine, glycine, tryptophan, and tyrosine—were anchored to the graphene surface, with tryptophan-modified graphene (Trp-GR) exhibiting the strongest drug binding. DFT calculations revealed that the adsorption of HU and TG onto AA-GR surfaces is exothermic and spontaneous, with Trp-GR displaying the highest adsorption energy (−31.83 kcal/mol) and the most favorable thermodynamic properties. The calculated Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values for both drugs were negative, confirming the stability of the complexes. MD simulations further demonstrated the stability and dynamic behavior of the drug–nanocarrier complexes in aqueous environments, highlighting the suitability of AA-GR as a potential drug delivery system. The results also show that Trp-GR can adsorb up to five TG molecules, with efficient and rapid drug desorption at physiological temperatures, making it an ideal candidate for controlled drug release. This work paves the way for the development of amino acid-modified graphene as a promising platform for targeted anticancer drug delivery.

本研究探讨了氨基酸修饰石墨烯（AA-GR）作为两种抗癌药物：羟基脲（HU）和6-硫鸟嘌呤（TG）的有效纳米载体的潜力。利用密度泛函理论（DFT）和分子动力学（MD）模拟，深入研究了aa改性石墨烯与所选药物之间的相互作用。各种氨基酸——丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸——被锚定在石墨烯表面，其中色氨酸修饰的石墨烯（色氨酸- gr）表现出最强的药物结合。DFT计算表明，在AA-GR表面上，HU和TG的吸附是自发和放热的，其中Trp-GR表现出最高的吸附能（- 31.83 kcal/mol）和最有利的热力学性质。计算出的两种药物的吉布斯自由能（ΔG）值均为负，证实了配合物的稳定性。MD模拟进一步证明了药物-纳米载体配合物在水环境中的稳定性和动态行为，突出了AA-GR作为潜在药物递送系统的适用性。结果还表明，Trp-GR可以吸附多达5个TG分子，在生理温度下具有高效、快速的药物解吸能力，是药物控释的理想候选材料。这项工作为氨基酸修饰石墨烯作为靶向抗癌药物递送的有前途的平台的发展铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Titanium oxide-vanadyl phosphate nanocomposite self-support aniline, indole, pyrrole and carbazole polymerization agent 氧化钛-磷酸钒纳米复合材料自支撑苯胺、吲哚、吡咯和咔唑聚合剂

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101531

Sadek Khalifa Shakshooki, Moftah Omer Darwish, Najat Ayad Abouzaid

This α-Vanadyl phosphate, VOPO₄.2.5H₂O(VOP), and TiO₂ were prepared and characterized. α-Vanadyl phosphate/titanium dioxide, [TiO₂]_0.25 [VOP]_0.75, nanocomposite was synthesized by dispersing an ethanol suspension. Polymers, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyindole, and polycarbazole were prepared via self-support of their monomers polymerization, where (VOP/TiO₂) acts as an oxidant. The VOPO₄· 2.5 H₂O (V⁺⁵OP) acts as self-supporting monomers in polymerization, due to part of it being converted to (V⁺⁴OP), TiO₂ enhances the process. Their matrix was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis). Color changes support the formation of the polymers. The % in wt. of the polymers was obtained from elemental (CHN)analysis. Their electrical conductivity shows a semiconductor trend.

制备了α-磷酸钒基、voo4.2.5 h2o （VOP）和TiO2，并对其进行了表征。采用乙醇悬浮液分散法制备α-磷酸钒基/二氧化钛（[TiO2]0.25 [VOP]0.75）纳米复合材料。以（VOP/TiO2）为氧化剂，通过单体自支撑聚合法制备了聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚吲哚和聚咔唑等聚合物。voo4·2.5 H2O （V+5OP）作为自支撑单体在聚合过程中，由于其部分转化为（V+4OP）， TiO2增强了聚合过程。通过扫描电镜分析、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）和紫外-可见（UV-Vis）证实了它们的基质。颜色变化支持聚合物的形成。通过元素（CHN）分析得到聚合物的wt %。它们的电导率呈半导体趋势。

引用次数: 0

Effect of GaAs nanostructures on silicon based thin film solar cells 砷化镓纳米结构对硅基薄膜太阳能电池的影响

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101527

Arnab Panda , Kanik Palodhi , Prabhakar Sharma , Ritesh Kumar Mishra

The limitation of optical absorption due to a shorter optical path and a low absorption coefficient are the main issues concerning the poor performance of silicon-based thin film solar cells. GaAs nanowires can greatly enhance their efficiency by increasing light trapping and decreasing carrier recombination rate. In this work, a detailed study is done to get an improvement of performance of silicon based thin film solar cell by embedding GaAs nanowire on this structure. To analyse the optical and electrical performance of the structures, finite difference time domain analysis and finite element method respectively are considered. It is seen that the conversion efficiency as well as optical absorption gets effected by the change in position, orientation, dimension, period and angle of inclination of nanowires and also the doping concentration of active material. In order to obtain maximum conversion efficiency, all mentioned parameters are optimised. Our proposed structure under AM1.5 G standard solar irradiance achieves a conversion efficiency of 17.25 % with short circuit current density 31.02 mA/cm² and open circuit voltage 0.662 V for a typical 7 µm

\times

5 µm surface area and 2 µm thick active layer out of which 17 % is GaAs and 83 % is crystalline silicon. Considering the good degree of structural stability, GaAs nanowires are considered to be grown on silicon active material layer and the interwire gaps are filled with benzo cyclobutene (BCB).

硅基薄膜太阳能电池性能不佳的主要问题是由于光程较短和吸收系数低而限制了光吸收。砷化镓纳米线可以通过增加光捕获和降低载流子复合率来大大提高其效率。本文详细研究了在硅基薄膜太阳能电池上嵌入砷化镓纳米线以提高其性能的方法。为了分析结构的光学和电学性能，分别采用时域有限差分法和有限元法。可见，纳米线的位置、取向、尺寸、周期、倾斜角度的变化以及活性物质掺杂浓度对转换效率和光吸收都有影响。为了获得最大的转换效率，对上述参数进行了优化。我们提出的结构在AM1.5 G标准太阳辐照度下的转换效率为17.25 %，短路电流密度为31.02 mA/cm2，开路电压为0.662 V，典型的7 µm × 5µm表面积和2µm厚的有源层中17%是GaAs， 83%是晶体硅。考虑到良好的结构稳定性，可以考虑将砷化镓纳米线生长在硅活性材料层上，并用苯并环丁烯（BCB）填充线隙。

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引用次数: 0

Architecting MXene-based nanocomposite coatings: A paradigm shift in electromagnetic shielding 构建基于mxene的纳米复合涂层：电磁屏蔽的范式转变

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101523

Yash Avhad , Shruti Gupta , Arul Jeya Kumar , Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

MXenes, a swiftly sprouting genus of transition metals with two-dimensional (2D) structures have engrossed momentous exploration interest due to their peculiar chemicophysical attributes and disparate prospective solicitations. This review bestows an encyclopaedic investigation of the characteristics of MXenes, such as their exceptional electromagnetic shielding, configurable chemistry, and stratified structure. These possessions are predominantly determined by idiosyncratic configuration, with–OH, –O, and –F as functional groups. The nucleuses on pioneering synthesis and etching for several MXenes. The emphasis on the exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities of MXenes, which is conceivably pronounced by inherent outstanding dielectric characteristics, and multi-scale structures that postulate efficacious raptness and replication of electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, the photothermal conversion characteristics of MXenes are philanthroping. This mightily interests contenders for various applications. MXenes, illustrated elevated mechanical properties, which are levied in relation to their assimilation into composite materials, where they serve as fortifying agents to enhance robustness and longevity. Moreover, the review scrutinizes the diverse uses for MXenes, including highly vital aerospace, stealth, military, wearable electronics, and energy repository devices like supercapacitors. By synthesizing current progress in the investigation of MXenes, this paper emphasizes their capacity to operate as versatile materials in futuristic defence pertinent technologies.

MXenes是一种迅速发展的具有二维结构的过渡金属，由于其独特的化学物理属性和不同的前景，引起了人们极大的探索兴趣。这篇综述对MXenes的特性进行了百科全书式的研究，例如其特殊的电磁屏蔽、可配置的化学和分层结构。这些占有主要是由特殊结构决定的，- oh， -O和-F是官能团。几种MXenes的开创性合成和刻蚀的核。强调MXenes的特殊电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽能力，这可以通过固有的杰出介电特性和多尺度结构来实现，这些结构可以假设电磁波的有效捕获和复制。此外，MXenes光热转换特性是慈善的。这极大地吸引了各种应用的竞争者。MXenes显示了机械性能的提高，这与它们在复合材料中的同化有关，在复合材料中，它们作为强化剂来增强坚固性和寿命。此外，该报告还详细审查了MXenes的各种用途，包括至关重要的航空航天、隐身、军事、可穿戴电子产品和超级电容器等能量存储设备。通过综合目前MXenes的研究进展，本文强调了它们在未来国防相关技术中作为多功能材料的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Plant-mediated ZnO nanoparticles using Allophylus concanicus: Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biological evaluation 植物介导氧化锌纳米颗粒的合成、表征和体外生物学评价

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101524

Komalakshi K V , Avinash Arasidda Kamble , Delicia Avilla Barretto , M.S. Divakar , Raju Krishna Chalannavar

This study reports the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Allophylus concanicus leaf extract (Ac-ZnONPs) via an eco-friendly co-precipitation method. Nanoparticle formation was confirmed by a color change and a UV–Visible absorption peak at 354 nm. FE-SEM revealed spherical nanoparticles averaging 33.14 nm, with EDX confirming Zn, O, and C. FTIR indicated phenolic and flavonoid functional groups involved in reduction and capping. PXRD patterns matched the hexagonal wurtzite ZnO phase (ICDD No. 01–070–8072), with calculated lattice parameters a= 3.26 A˚ and c= 5.22 A˚. Zeta potential of –18.4 mV suggested moderate colloidal stability. Biological evaluations demonstrated strong antibacterial activity (MICs of 1.25 µg/mL for Gram-positive and 5 µg/mL for Gram-negative bacteria), likely due to ROS generation and membrane disruption. Ac-ZnONPs exhibited excellent antioxidant activity (93.26 % DPPH scavenging at 200 µg/mL) and notable anti-inflammatory activity (IC₅₀ of 15.92 ± 0.56 µg/mL, comparable to diclofenac sodium). Moderate antidiabetic activity was observed (IC₅₀ values of 20.27 ± 0.39 µg/mL for α-amylase and 18.18 ± 0.39 µg/mL for α-glucosidase). These findings highlight the multifunctional bioactivity of Ac-ZnONPs, supporting their potential for diverse biomedical applications and offering a sustainable route for plant-based ZnO nanomaterials.

本文报道了以异叶草叶片提取物（Ac-ZnONPs）为原料，采用共沉淀法绿色合成氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）。通过颜色变化和354 nm处的紫外可见吸收峰证实了纳米颗粒的形成。FE-SEM发现了平均为33.14 nm的球形纳米颗粒，EDX证实了Zn、O和c， FTIR表明酚类和类黄酮官能团参与了还原和封盖。PXRD图谱与六方纤锌矿ZnO相（ICDD No. 01-070-8072）相匹配，计算出的晶格参数a= 3.26 a˚，c= 5.22 a˚。Zeta电位为-18.4 mV，胶体稳定性中等。生物学评价显示出较强的抗菌活性（革兰氏阳性菌的mic为1.25 µg/mL，革兰氏阴性菌的mic为5 µg/mL），可能是由于ROS的产生和膜破坏。Ac-ZnONPs表现出优异的抗氧化活性（200 µg/mL时DPPH清除率为93.26 %）和显著的抗炎活性（IC50为15.92 ± 0.56 µg/mL，与双氯芬酸钠相当）。α-淀粉酶的IC50值为20.27 ± 0.39 µg/mL， α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50值为18.18 ± 0.39 µg/mL。这些发现突出了Ac-ZnONPs的多功能生物活性，支持了它们在多种生物医学应用中的潜力，并为植物基ZnO纳米材料提供了一条可持续的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of thermal efficiency in SWCNT and MWCNT hybrid nanofluids under transient convection between parallel plates 平行板间瞬态对流下swcnts和MWCNT混合纳米流体热效率的研究

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101522

Praveenkumar Badiger , Madhavarao Kulkarni , Praveen Jakkannavar

Transient magnetohydrodynamic convection, that entails the flow of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/water (H2O) hybrid nanofluid between two parallel plates, has several applications in science and engineering. In particular, coatings for wires, fibre sheets, optical fibres, photoelectric devices, and solar cells are designed and manufactured. The effects of an external magnetic field on fluid transport properties are investigated. The thermal efficiency behavior of various nanoparticle form factors is investigated. This study looks into flow concerns such as convection, hybrid nanofluid properties, and the applied magnetic field. Fluid flow is represented mathematically by coupled partial differential equations with specified boundary circumstances. The finite difference method is being used in conjunction with the appropriate analogous transformations to convert the governing equations into dimensionless form. Better heat transfer is obtained when hybrid nanoparticles are added to base liquid as opposed to base fluid and nanofluid alone, according to simulations for different physical parameters in the model. Greater values of the velocity ratio and combination of convection parameters result in a rise in the hybrid nanofluid's velocity. As the magnetic parameter and volume fraction of SWCNT-MWCNT grows, temperature of hybrid nanofluid rises sharply.

瞬态磁流体动力学对流是指单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)/水（H2O）混合纳米流体在两个平行板之间的流动，在科学和工程上有许多应用。特别是电线、纤维片、光纤、光电器件和太阳能电池的涂层的设计和制造。研究了外加磁场对流体输运特性的影响。研究了不同形状的纳米颗粒的热效率行为。本研究着眼于流动问题，如对流、混合纳米流体性质和外加磁场。流体流动用具有特定边界条件的耦合偏微分方程在数学上表示。将有限差分法与适当的类似变换相结合，将控制方程转化为无量纲形式。根据模型中不同物理参数的模拟，混合纳米颗粒加入基液比单独加入基液和纳米流体获得更好的传热效果。流速比和对流参数组合的值越大，混合纳米流体的速度越快。随着swcnts - mwcnt的磁性参数和体积分数的增大，杂化纳米流体的温度急剧升高。

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引用次数: 0

Functionalization of 6-mercaptopyridine-3-carboxylic acid on gold nanoparticles for selective and sensitive detection of heavy metal cadmium 6-巯基吡啶-3-羧酸在金纳米粒子上的功能化选择性灵敏检测重金属镉

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101521

Kizafa Aftab, Shahida Rashid, Jigneshkumar V. Rohit

Cadmium (Cd⁺²) is a hazardous heavy metal that can cause serious health problems, including cancer. Because of this, the World health organization (WHO) fixed the maximum allowed limit of Cd⁺² in drinking water or industrial wastewater is 3.0 µgL⁻¹. To accurately detect even lower concentration of Cd⁺², a reliable and easy-to-use method was developed by our group. Here in this work, simple and visual detection was proposed to detect Cd²⁺ ions by using 6-Mercaptopyridine-3-carboxylic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles (MPyC-AuNPs). The prepared MPyC-AuNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectrometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of MPyC-AuNPs was observed at 524 nm, and the aggregation of MPyC-AuNPs leads to spectral change from 524 nm to 677 nm. The aggregation is due to the formation of the metal ligand coordination between MPyC-AuNPs and Cd²⁺ ions. Moreover, MPyC-AuNPs based sensor is highly selective for the detection of Cd²⁺ and giving response only for Cd²⁺ among tested metal ions. Under the optimal conditions, a good linear relationship (R² = 0.9956) was observed between the ratio of the extinction at 680 nm to that at 524 nm and the concentration of Cd²⁺ over the range of 1 µM - 100 µM. The detection limit was found to be 5.4 × 10⁻⁷µM, which is equal to 0.0607µgL⁻¹ lesser than the allowed limit by WHO. Moreover, the developed sensor was capable to detect Cd²⁺ from water samples with good recovery and lesser relative standard deviation. Thus MPyC-AuNPs proven as efficient sensors for the on-site monitoring of Cd²⁺ in water (tap, river and canal) samples.

镉（Cd+2）是一种危险的重金属，会导致严重的健康问题，包括癌症。因此，世界卫生组织（WHO）规定饮用水或工业废水中Cd+2的最大允许限量为3.0µgL−1。为了准确检测更低浓度的Cd+2，本课题组开发了一种可靠且易于使用的方法。本文提出了利用6-巯基吡啶-3-羧酸功能化金纳米粒子（MPyC-AuNPs）检测Cd2+离子的简单、直观的方法。采用紫外可见光谱、动态光散射（DLS）、zeta电位和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对制备的MPyC-AuNPs进行了表征。在524 nm处观察到MPyC-AuNPs的特征表面等离子体共振（SPR）峰，MPyC-AuNPs的聚集导致光谱从524 nm变化到677 nm。这种聚集是由于MPyC-AuNPs和Cd2+离子之间形成金属配体配位。此外，基于MPyC-AuNPs的传感器对Cd2+的检测具有高度选择性，并且在被测金属离子中仅对Cd2+做出响应。在最优条件下，在680 nm处消光比与524 nm处消光比与Cd2+浓度在1 µM ~ 100 µM范围内呈良好的线性关系（R2 = 0.9956）。检出限为5.4 × 10−7µM，比WHO标准低0.0607µgL−1。此外，所开发的传感器能够检测水样中的Cd2+，回收率好，相对标准偏差小。因此，MPyC-AuNPs被证明是现场监测水（自来水、河流和运河）样品中Cd2+的有效传感器。

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