Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects最新文献_第8页

Synergistic design of Al2O3/Fe2O3/CaO ternary nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic UV-assisted degradation of tilmicosin Al2O3/Fe2O3/CaO三元纳米复合材料增强光催化紫外辅助降解替米霉素的协同设计

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101537

Abayomi Bamisaye , Bayor Adebola Ajayi , Shakirudeen Modupe Abati , Kayode Adesina Adegoke , Ayodeji Rapheal Ige , Mopelola Abidemi Idowu

The continual increase in the anthropogenic discharge of pharmaceutical contaminants into the aquatic ecosystem is a cause for concern. This necessitated the study, which focuses on developing and evaluating bimetallic biomass-based nanocomposites as photocatalysts for the degradation of tilmicosin (TLM), a veterinary antibiotic commonly found in wastewater, under UV light. The Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite was synthesized via a wet impregnation method with CaO derived from snail shells and characterized using UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS. FTIR analysis of Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite showed a prominent peak at 617 cm⁻¹, attributed to the Al–O and Fe–O bonds. XRD results show a face-centered cubic structure with a calculated d-spacing of 6.75554 Å. The UV-Vis of the nanocomposite recorded a λ max value of 335 nm with a calculated optical band gap of 3.04 eV, using Tauc’s plot. The SEM images showed rectangular or cubic-shaped aggregates with an average crystallite size of 28.06 ± 5.19 nm. Optimum degradation efficiency values of 86.79 and 80.69 % were recorded at catalyst doses of 0.3 and 0.2 g, respectively. Kinetics of the degradation process follows a pseudo-first-order model, with reaction rate constant (k) of 0.0112 min⁻¹ and 0.010 min⁻¹ for 0.3 g and 0.2 g Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO catalyst. This high efficiency, simple preparation, and sustainable approach make Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO a cost-effective, environmentally friendly photocatalyst for the remediation of antibiotic-polluted wastewater.

人为向水生生态系统排放药物污染物的持续增加是一个令人担忧的问题。因此有必要进行这项研究，重点是开发和评估双金属生物质纳米复合材料作为紫外光下降解废水中常见的兽医抗生素tilmicosin （TLM）的光催化剂。以蜗牛壳为原料，采用湿浸渍法制备了Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃纳米复合材料，并用UV-Vis、XRD、FTIR、SEM和EDS对其进行了表征。Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃纳米复合材料的FTIR分析显示，在617 cm⁻¹处有一个显著的峰，这归因于Al - O和Fe-O键。XRD结果显示为面心立方结构，计算d-间距为6.75554 Å。根据Tauc图，该纳米复合材料的UV-Vis λ max值为335 nm，计算光学带隙为3.04 eV。SEM图像显示为矩形或立方状聚集体，平均晶粒尺寸为28.06 ± 5.19 nm。催化剂用量为0.3和0.2 g时，降解效率分别为86.79和80.69 %。对于0.3 g和0.2 g Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO催化剂，降解过程的动力学遵循伪一级模型，反应速率常数(k)为0.0112 min⁻¹和0.010 min⁻¹。这种高效、简单的制备和可持续的方法使Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO成为一种经济、环保的光催化剂，用于修复抗生素污染的废水。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling the transformations: Comparative study of structural, magnetism, morphology, optical and microwave absorptions properties in NiFe2O4 and CdFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles 揭示转化：NiFe2O4和CdFe2O4尖晶石纳米颗粒的结构、磁性、形貌、光学和微波吸收特性的比较研究

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101540

Shikhil S. Wanjari , Deoram V. Nandanwar , K.G. Rewatkar , Amit V. Gongal

NiFe₂O₄ (NFO) and CdFe₂O₄ (CFO) spinel nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by microwave auto-combustion and compared for their structure, magnetic, morphological, and optical properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that both NiFe₂O₄ and CdFe₂O₄ NPs crystallized in a spinel structure, though with different lattice parameters. The average crystallite size was 26–34 nm. Both NPs are highly paramagnetic at room temperature, with NFO showing higher saturation magnetization due to cation distribution and size effects. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) revealed spherical, well-dispersed NFO particles (30.11 nm) and agglomerated CFO particles (48.55 nm). Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR) bands at 416, 509, 609, and 596 cm⁻¹ indicate Fe-O and Ni/Cd-O stretching vibration, while Tauc plots gave direct band gaps of 2.63 eV (NFO) and 1.34 eV (CFO). A vector network analyzer (VNA) examined electromagnetic and absorption parameters in the Ku band (12.4–18 GHz). NFO and CFO had RLs of −16 dB (97 % absorption) and −10 dB (90 % absorption) at 13.744 GHz with an 8 mm and 10 mm thickness. These findings highlight nickel ferrites as efficient absorbers for gigahertz applications such as radar stealth, catalysis, energy storage, and magnetic devices.

采用微波自燃烧法合成了nfe₂O₄（NFO）和CdFe₂O₄（CFO）尖晶石纳米颗粒（NPs），并对其结构、磁性、形貌和光学性能进行了比较。x射线衍射（XRD）证实，NiFe2O4和CdFe2O4 NPs均以尖晶石结构结晶，但晶格参数不同。平均晶粒尺寸为26 ~ 34 nm。两种NPs在室温下都具有高度顺磁性，其中NFO由于阳离子分布和尺寸效应而表现出更高的饱和磁化强度。扫描电镜（SEM）和高分辨率透射电镜（HR-TEM）显示球形、分散良好的NFO颗粒（30.11 nm）和团聚的CFO颗粒（48.55 nm）。傅里叶变换红外辐射（FT-IR）在416、509、609和596 cm−1处显示Fe-O和Ni/Cd-O拉伸振动，而tac图显示直接带隙为2.63 eV （NFO）和1.34 eV （CFO）。矢量网络分析仪（VNA）检测了Ku波段（12.4-18 GHz）的电磁和吸收参数。NFO和CFO在13.744 GHz处的RLs分别为−16 dB（97 %吸收）和−10 dB（90 %吸收），厚度分别为8 mm和10 mm。这些发现突出了镍铁氧体作为千兆赫应用的有效吸收剂，如雷达隐身、催化、能量存储和磁性设备。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring the dielectric behavior of BaTiO3 via incorporation of vanadium-substituted barium hexaferrite and thermal effects 通过加入钒取代的六铁氧体钡和热效应来调整BaTiO3的介电行为

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101539

Yassine Slimani , Hamit Erdemi , Abdulhadi Baykal , Atul Thakur , Mohammad Shariq , Munirah A. Almessiere

Composite ceramics of a BaTiO₃ (BTO) matrix incorporated with varying quantities of BaFe_11.96V_0.04O₁₉ (BVFO) hexaferrite were investigated. The successful creation of the intended composites was verified using XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX spectroscopy, which revealed the coexistence of the two-component phases. There were no further phases other than the initial components, indicating that the adopted approach is efficient in obtaining the desired composites. The BTO phase is represented by spherical grains, while the BVFO hexaferrite phase is represented by plate-like grains. The dielectric properties were tested in a frequency range of 1 Hz–3 MHz and at different temperatures of 30–120°C using an impedance spectroscopy instrument. At low frequencies, temperature-dependent dipolar and interfacial polarizations have a remarkable effect. Conversely, ionic and electronic polarizations are less temperature-dependent, which became more effective at high frequencies. The observed effects in dielectric measurements are a result of combined electron and polaron jumping conduction mechanisms. The Cole-Cole plots showed the dominant effect of grains and grain boundaries for all compositions but also revealed the negligible influence of the electrode. Additionally, it was crucial to avoid extremely large losses, which is shown by the determined dielectric tangent loss.

研究了以BaTiO3 （BTO）为基体，掺入不同量BaFe11.96V0.04O19 （BVFO）六铁体的复合陶瓷。通过XRD、FE-SEM和EDX光谱验证了复合材料的成功制备，结果表明两组分相共存。除了初始组分外，没有其他相，表明所采用的方法可以有效地获得所需的复合材料。BTO相以球状晶粒为代表，BVFO六铁素体相以片状晶粒为代表。利用阻抗谱仪在1 Hz-3 MHz的频率范围内和30-120℃的不同温度下测试了材料的介电性能。在低频，温度相关的偶极和界面极化有显著的影响。相反，离子和电子极化对温度的依赖性较小，在高频率下变得更有效。在介电测量中观察到的效应是电子和极化子跳变传导机制共同作用的结果。Cole-Cole图显示了晶粒和晶界对所有成分的主导作用，但也显示了电极的影响可以忽略不计。此外，避免极大的损耗是至关重要的，这可以从确定的介电正切损耗中看出。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of pH on the size of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities pH值对生物合成银纳米颗粒大小的影响：抗氧化和抗菌活性的评价

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101545

Khadija Elouardy , Mustapha Mouzaki , Hassan Ahmoum , Asmaa Akhrouf , Abdessamad Faik , Youssef Mir

This study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the microalga Scenedesmus sp. and their characterization via UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AgNPs were synthesized at pH values of 4, 7, and 10 and analyzed for size and stability using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Mean particle sizes were 223 nm (pH 4), 122 nm (pH 7), and 60 nm (pH 10), with spherical morphologies observed via SEM. Zeta potential measurements indicated increased colloidal stability at higher pH. AgNPs synthesized at alkaline pH (60 nm) demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC196306, Escherichia coli ATCC35218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, compared to larger nanoparticles. Similarly, antioxidant assays revealed higher activity for these smaller nanoparticles. These results suggest that pH-controlled green synthesis can produce AgNPs with optimized antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, highlighting their potential applications in biomedical fields.

本研究报道了利用微藻Scenedesmus sp.绿色合成银纳米粒子（AgNPs），并通过紫外可见光谱、x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其进行了表征。在pH值为4、7和10的条件下合成AgNPs，并利用动态光散射（DLS）分析AgNPs的尺寸和稳定性。平均粒径为223 nm (pH 4), 122 nm （pH 7）和60 nm (pH 10)，通过扫描电镜观察到球形形貌。Zeta电位测量表明，在较高的pH值下，胶体稳定性增加。与较大的纳米颗粒相比，在碱性pH（60 nm）下合成的AgNPs显示出对鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC196306、大肠杆菌ATCC35218、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213和铜绿假单胞菌ATCC27853的抗菌活性增强。同样，抗氧化实验显示这些小颗粒具有更高的活性。这些结果表明，ph控制绿色合成可以制备出具有最佳抗菌和抗氧化性能的AgNPs，突出了其在生物医学领域的潜在应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Graphene oxide-based smart sensors: Synthesis, functionalization strategies, and biosensing applications 基于氧化石墨烯的智能传感器：合成、功能化策略和生物传感应用

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101532

Suleman Stephen Mshelia , Preeti Jain , Manju Gaur

Graphene oxide and its nanocomposites exhibit extensive surface coverage, exceptional conductivity, and excellent functionalization properties, making them a revolutionary platform for electrochemical biosensing. This review highlights the advancements made in the preparation and functionalization of GO-based nanocomposites and their hybridization with polymers, metal oxides, and noble metals, as well as biomolecules for developing sensitive sensing platforms. We describe covalent and non-covalent methods of functionalization, as well as hybrid systems and doping, which contribute to the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of sensing techniques. Emphasis is placed on electrochemical graphene oxide-based sensors for biomolecules, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and disease biomarkers, with applications in medical, environmental, and food analysis. The aspects of characterization methods, material stability, and reproducibility, as well as real-world integration issues, along with emerging trends such as wearable and flexible sensors, and environment-friendly syntheses, aim to provide researchers working on the future of nano-carbon sensors with a basis for the fabrication of scalable, innovative materials for translation.

氧化石墨烯及其纳米复合材料具有广泛的表面覆盖，优异的导电性和优异的功能化性能，使其成为电化学生物传感的革命性平台。本文综述了氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料的制备和功能化，以及它们与聚合物、金属氧化物、贵金属和生物分子的杂化，以开发灵敏的传感平台。我们描述了共价和非共价的功能化方法，以及杂化系统和掺杂，它们有助于传感技术的选择性，灵敏度和稳定性。重点放在电化学氧化石墨烯传感器为基础的生物分子，重金属，药物和疾病生物标志物，在医疗，环境和食品分析的应用。表征方法、材料稳定性和可重复性，以及现实世界的集成问题，以及可穿戴和柔性传感器、环境友好型合成等新兴趋势，旨在为研究纳米碳传感器未来的研究人员提供可扩展的、创新的翻译材料制造基础。

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引用次数: 0

Solid-state synergy: Sulfur cathodes, engineered interfaces, and doping innovations for next-gen batteries 固态协同：硫阴极、工程界面和下一代电池的掺杂创新

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101544

Caryn Niangnunnuam , Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

This review examined Sulfur-based Batteries that possess all-solid-state (ASS) as cutting-edge conservation of energy technologies that offer remarkable theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g⁻¹), enhanced safety, and cost-effectiveness. By employing solid electrolytes based on sulfide, as Li₆PS₅Cl and Li₇P₃S₁₁, ASSBs overcome challenges faced by traditional Li–S batteries, including polysulfide shuttling and flammability. However, interfacial instability, dendrite growth, and mechanical degradation remain key limitations. To address these, researchers have introduced doping strategies (e.g., N, Se, Te, Co, W, Cl, Ta) and engineered sulfur cathodes with carbon frameworks. Notable performances include N-doped carbon–sulfur cathodes with 1145.9 mAh g⁻¹ initial capacity contrast to 88.14 % of storage capacity 100 cycles later, and Se-doped cathodes with 473.8 mAh g⁻¹ and 99.4 % retention. Electrolyte enhancements exhibit conductivities of up to 6.4 mS/cm. Mechano-electrochemical stability is enhanced by utilising flexible polymers and cross-linked structures, thereby reducing stress and maintaining conductive pathways. These advances have enabled ASSBs to accomplish energy intensity up to 2600 Wh kg⁻¹ , rapid charging, and reliable operation at −40 °C, making them ideal for electric vehicles, aerospace, and grid storage. Ongoing efforts in interfacial design, AI-assisted material discovery, and scalable fabrication are essential for commercial realisation.

这篇综述研究了硫基电池作为一种具有全固态（ASS）的尖端节能技术，它提供了惊人的理论容量（1675 mAh g⁻¹），增强了安全性和成本效益。通过采用基于硫化物的固体电解质，如Li₆PS₅Cl和Li₇P₃S₁₁，assb克服了传统Li - S电池面临的挑战，包括多硫化物穿梭和可燃性。然而，界面不稳定性、枝晶生长和机械降解仍然是主要的限制。为了解决这些问题，研究人员引入了掺杂策略（例如，N, Se, Te, Co， W, Cl, Ta）和带有碳框架的工程硫阴极。值得注意的性能包括n掺杂碳硫阴极的初始容量为1145.9 mAh g⁻¹ ，而100次循环后的存储容量为88.14 %，硒掺杂阴极的存储容量为473.8 mAh g⁻¹ ，保留率为99.4 %。电解质增强表现出高达6.4 mS/cm的电导率。利用柔性聚合物和交联结构增强了机械电化学稳定性，从而减少了应力并保持了导电途径。这些进步使assb能够实现高达2600 Wh kg⁻¹ 的能量强度，快速充电和在- 40°C下的可靠运行，使其成为电动汽车，航空航天和电网存储的理想选择。在界面设计、人工智能辅助材料发现和可扩展制造方面的持续努力对商业实现至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasonic mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: An insight into operative conditions to control key properties 超声介导的氧化锌纳米颗粒合成：一个洞察操作条件，以控制关键性质

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101538

Bruno Botelli , Miroslava Nedyalkova , Marco Lattuada , Verónica Lassalle

The advance of nanotechnology in last decades demands more efficient, improved and eco-friendly synthetic pathways. In this regard nanomaterial’s synthesis mediated by ultrasound appears as a very attractive option. Between the nanomaterials finding more diverse and wide application nowadays, the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are undoubtedly one of the most demanded due to its insertion in the market. This contribution deals with the study of the role of different experimental variables associated with US synthesis in the properties of interest of ZnO NPs. Factors such as US power density, time, temperature, reaction volume, tip diameter and the presence of surfactants have been rigorously evaluated and some of them optimized using a Design of Experiments (DOE) basis. The study primarily focused on crucial characteristics such as crystallite size, energy band gap and connection of the overall morphology pattern. The achieved data suggested that power density and tip diameter were the critical factors affecting ZnO NPs as band gap which ranged between 2.30 and 3.25 eV; and crystallite size between 34.6 and 63.3 nm, showing the adaptability of this methodology by changing these input factors. Diverse morphologies, from spherical to laminar ones, where reached by changing US conditions. The presence of surfactants, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), as functionalizing agents may result in alternatives to modifying US experimental conditions due to similar effects on morphology, band gap and crystallite size may be reached. The findings from this work will be instrumental in selecting the conditions ensuring suitable properties of ZnO NPs.

近几十年来，纳米技术的进步要求更高效、改进和环保的合成途径。在这方面，超声介导的纳米材料合成是一个非常有吸引力的选择。在纳米材料越来越多样化和广泛应用的今天，氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）无疑是市场上需求量最大的纳米材料之一。本文研究了与US合成相关的不同实验变量对ZnO纳米粒子性能的影响。对功率密度、时间、温度、反应体积、针尖直径和表面活性剂的存在等因素进行了严格的评估，并利用实验设计（DOE）对其中一些因素进行了优化。研究主要集中在晶体尺寸、能带隙和整体形态图的连接等关键特征上。所得数据表明，功率密度和针尖直径是影响ZnO纳米粒子带隙的关键因素，带隙范围在2.30 ~ 3.25 eV之间；晶粒尺寸在34.6 ~ 63.3 nm之间，表明了该方法通过改变这些输入因子的适应性。不同的形态，从球形到层流，在变化的美国条件下达到。表面活性剂聚乙二醇（PEG）和聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）作为功能化剂的存在，可能会导致改变美国实验条件的替代方案，因为在形貌，带隙和晶体尺寸上可以达到相似的效果。这项工作的发现将有助于选择确保ZnO NPs性能合适的条件。

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引用次数: 0

Nanostructured delivery systems for antioxidants: Comparative release of purified ellagic acid and extracted polyphenols 抗氧化剂的纳米结构递送系统：纯化鞣花酸和提取的多酚的比较释放

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101530

Daniela Fernanda Terrazas García , Laura A. de la Rosa , Alma Angélica Vázquez Flores , Oscar Adrián Muñoz Bernal , Jazmín Cristina Stevens Barrón , Christian Chapa González

Despite their proven antioxidant and anticancer effectiveness, polyphenolic compounds have limited bioavailability, which drives the need to employ polymeric materials for their encapsulation to achieve precise and sustained release. In this study, ellagic acid (EA) and a phenolic-rich pecan nut extract (PRE) were encapsulated within poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microparticles in a double emulsion system using poly(vinyl alcohol) as stabilizer. After solvent evaporation, the resulting particles were characterized by DLS, SEM, and FTIR, and in vitro release in PBS (pH 7.4) was quantified as the fraction released (F). Release data were fitted to zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Peppas, and Hixson–Crowell models. For EA at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,

\ln (1 - F)

versus time exhibited the highest correlation (

R^{2} \approx 0.93

), indicating first-order release, whereas at 10 mg/mL, the cube-root transformation (

{(1 - F)}^{1 / 3} vs . t

) achieved superior fit, consistent with surface-erosion kinetics. Although both EA and PRE follow similar overall mechanistic regimes, PRE exhibits significantly slower, concentration‑dependent release, particularly at higher loadings, indicating that its complex phenolic matrix modulates diffusion and erosion pathways differently than pure EA. These findings underscore the tunability of PCL/PVA matrices for hydrophilic phenolics and highlight the importance of bioactive compound concentration in dictating diffusion versus erosion-controlled release, offering a nanomedicine platform for sustained delivery of bioactive compounds.

尽管多酚类化合物具有抗氧化和抗癌功效，但其生物利用度有限，因此需要使用聚合物材料进行封装，以实现精确和持续的释放。本研究以聚乙烯醇为稳定剂，将鞣花酸（EA）和富酚山核桃提取物（PRE）包裹在聚ε-己内酯（PCL）微颗粒中，形成双乳液体系。溶剂蒸发后，采用DLS、SEM、FTIR对所得颗粒进行表征，并将其在PBS （pH 7.4）中的体外释放量量化为释放分数(F)。发布数据拟合为零阶、一阶、Higuchi、Korsmeyer-Peppas和Hixson-Crowell模型。当EA浓度为2.5和5.0 mg/mL时，ln（1−F）与时间的相关性最高（R2≈0.93），表明其为一级释放，而当浓度为10 mg/mL时，立方根转化（(1−F)1/3vs.t）达到了较好的拟合，与表面侵蚀动力学一致。虽然EA和PRE的整体机制相似，但PRE的释放速度明显慢于浓度依赖，特别是在高负荷下，这表明其复杂的酚基质对扩散和侵蚀途径的调节不同于纯EA。这些发现强调了PCL/PVA基质对亲水酚的可调性，并强调了生物活性化合物浓度在决定扩散和侵蚀控制释放方面的重要性。为持续递送生物活性化合物提供纳米医学平台。

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引用次数: 0

UV-assisted catalytic degradation of doxycycline using bimetallic oxide biomass-based nanocrystalline photocatalyst 双金属氧化物生物质基纳米晶光催化剂对强力霉素的紫外催化降解研究

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101536

Bayor Adebola Ajayi , Abayomi Bamisaye , Nelson Oshogwue Etafo , Kayode Adesina Adegoke , Yakubu Adekunle Alli , Adeyemi-Ekeolu Bukola , Mopelola Abidemi Idowu

Photocatalytic degradation is an effective method for eliminating pharmaceutical residues due to its simplicity, eco-friendliness, high performance, and strong stability. In this study, aluminium chloride (AlCl₃), ferric chloride (FeCl₃) and biomass-derived calcium oxide (CaO) were used as precursors for the synthesis of heterostructured Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO via wet impregnation method, followed by calcination at 800 ◦C. The catalysts were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDS. This catalyst was used for UV-assisted degradation of doxycycline (DOXY). UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed a strong absorption peak at 335 nm, corresponding to an optical bandgap energy of 3.04 eV, determined by Tauc’s plot. XRD analysis showed a face-centred cubic crystal structure material with an average lattice parameter value of 6.75554 Å, and crystallite size of 28.06 ± 5.19 nm. FTIR spectroscopy shows a wavenumber value of 617 cm⁻¹ which is attributed to metal-oxide vibrational stretch. SEM micrographs showed rectangular/cubic-shaped aggregates, while EDX recorded 55.2 wt% (C) 39.9 % (O), 4.6 % (Fe), and 0.3 % (Al). Degradation of 10 ppm DOXY using 0.2 g and 0.3 g of the Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO at 20-minute intervals recorded optimum degradation efficiencies of 65.0 % and 85.1 %, respectively within 120 min. With 0.3 g, recording a higher reaction rate (K) value of 0.013 min⁻¹. This study presents the potential of biomass-based Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO as a probable photocatalyst for ameliorating the menace of pharmaceutical pollution in the environment.

光催化降解具有简单、环保、高效、稳定性强等优点，是一种有效的去除药物残留的方法。在这项研究中，以氯化铝（AlCl₃）、氯化铁（FeCl₃）和生物质衍生的氧化钙（CaO）为前体，通过湿浸渍法合成异质结构Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO，然后在800℃下煅烧。采用紫外可见光谱、FTIR、XRD、SEM和EDS对催化剂进行了表征。该催化剂用于紫外辅助降解强力霉素（DOXY）。紫外可见光谱在335 nm处发现了一个强吸收峰，对应于光带隙能量为3.04 eV，由Tauc的图确定。XRD分析表明，该材料为面心立方晶体结构，平均晶格参数值为6.75554 Å，晶粒尺寸为28.06 ± 5.19 nm。FTIR光谱显示其波数值为617 cm⁻¹ ，这是由金属氧化物的振动拉伸引起的。SEM显微图显示长方形/立方形聚集体，EDX记录55.2% wt% (C) 39.9 % (O) 4.6 % （Fe）和0.3 % （Al）。0.2 g和0.3 g Al2O3-Fe2O3-CaO以20分钟的间隔降解10 ppm DOXY，在120 min内的最佳降解效率分别为65.0% %和85.1% %。在0.3 g下，反应速率(K)值为0.013 min−1。这项研究展示了生物质基Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-CaO作为一种可能的光催化剂的潜力，用于改善环境中药物污染的威胁。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review on the effect of zinc salt precursors for synthesis, characterization, and applications of ZnO nanoparticles 综述了锌盐前驱体对ZnO纳米颗粒的合成、表征及应用的影响

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101529

Mosisa Dugasa Fite, Asnake Lealem Berhanu

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have garnered significant attention due to their large surface area and exceptional properties, including low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, wide availability, high stability, excellent ultraviolet absorption, and strong antimicrobial activity. This paper provides a brief review of the influence of zinc salt precursors on the synthesis, characterization, and application of ZnO NPs synthesized using various precursors. The impact of the nature of salt precursors on the morphology and particle size of ZnO NPs is compared. It is noted that a variety of salt precursors, such as zinc nitrate hexahydrate, zinc acetate dihydrate, zinc chloride, and zinc sulphate heptahydrate, are potential candidates for ZnO NPs synthesis. This review aims to provide a concise understanding of the zinc salt precursors that can be used to generate specific morphologies and size, thereby enhancing photodegradation, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, and sensor applications of ZnO NPs. This review highlights that the same zinc salt precursor and synthesis process (whether physical, chemical, or biosynthesis) can lead to the formation of various morphologies of ZnO nanoparticles. Furthermore, it is observed that even when the same precursor and synthesis method are used, different morphologies can emerged due to variations in reaction conditions, such as pH, synthesis temperature, solvent choice, and other influencing factors. As advancements continue, ZnO nanoparticles will remain a focal point, fostering the creation of new and innovative applications.

氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）由于其大表面积和优异的性能，包括低毒性、低成本效益、广泛可用性、高稳定性、优异的紫外线吸收和强抗菌活性而引起了人们的广泛关注。本文综述了锌盐前驱体对不同前驱体合成的ZnO纳米粒子的合成、表征和应用的影响。比较了盐前驱体的性质对ZnO纳米粒子形貌和粒径的影响。研究指出，多种盐前体，如六水合硝酸锌、二水合乙酸锌、氯化锌和七水合硫酸锌，是合成ZnO NPs的潜在候选物。本综述旨在提供锌盐前驱体的简明理解，这些前驱体可用于生成特定的形态和尺寸，从而增强ZnO NPs的光降解，抗菌，抗氧化，抗真菌和传感器应用。这篇综述强调了相同的锌盐前体和合成过程（无论是物理的、化学的还是生物合成的）可以导致形成不同形态的ZnO纳米颗粒。此外，我们观察到，即使使用相同的前驱体和合成方法，由于反应条件的变化，如pH、合成温度、溶剂选择和其他影响因素，也会产生不同的形貌。随着研究进展的继续，氧化锌纳米颗粒将继续成为一个焦点，促进新的创新应用的创造。

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