Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0026
V. E. Hillary, S. A. Ceasar
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a potent genome editing tool that has rapidly revolutionized research in natural science disciplines. The CRISPR/Cas9 system surpasses traditional zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases because of its simplicity in design, cost-effectiveness, and labor intensity. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing system has been used to generate precise and targeted mutations in many different organisms, including insects. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review that systematically summarizes the successful utilization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in generating knockout (KO) mutations in insects (both model and non-model). Thus, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current advancements in CRISPR/Cas9-based KO mutants in insects, including both model and non-model species. We also discussed the limitations of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Finally, we discuss the biosafety concerns associated with the release of CRISPR/Cas9-edited insects into the environment and draw inroads and insights into the future application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in insects.
{"title":"Using CRISPR-Cas9 to create knockout mutants in insects","authors":"V. E. Hillary, S. A. Ceasar","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a potent genome editing tool that has rapidly revolutionized research in natural science disciplines. The CRISPR/Cas9 system surpasses traditional zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases because of its simplicity in design, cost-effectiveness, and labor intensity. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing system has been used to generate precise and targeted mutations in many different organisms, including insects. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review that systematically summarizes the successful utilization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in generating knockout (KO) mutations in insects (both model and non-model). Thus, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current advancements in CRISPR/Cas9-based KO mutants in insects, including both model and non-model species. We also discussed the limitations of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Finally, we discuss the biosafety concerns associated with the release of CRISPR/Cas9-edited insects into the environment and draw inroads and insights into the future application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in insects.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0025
M. Kibret, Krishana Devkota, Widad Ben Bakrim, Amine Ezzariai, H. Terefe, F. Karouach, M. Sobeh, Mohamed Hafidi, Lamfeddal Kouisni
Drought and salinity are environmental factors that negatively impact crop productivity in arid and semi-arid climates. Plant growth promoting rhizobia (PGPR) can help mitigate the harmful effects of drought and salinity on plant growth and productivity. This systematic review aims to summarize studies on PGPR and their mechanisms for reducing the impacts of drought and salinity, as well as to explore the effects of PGPR on different crops to improve agronomic indicators focusing on recent findings. Search was performed on PubMed, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar for papers published from 2013 to 2022. A total of 174 papers were analyzed in this review. The results showed that the PGPRs were found to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and stimulate plant growth under adverse conditions. The PGPRs also reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents, while increasing exopolysaccharide, chlorophyll, and relative water contents, for mitigating both drought and salinity stresses. PGPR strains are effective in increasing root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, leaf area, and leaf content. Most of the studies regarding the applications of PGPRs to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in crops were conducted under laboratory and/or greenhouse conditions, with Asia having the highest number of publications on cereals. This review shows the potential for PGPR to manage soil salinity and drought across diverse crops and ecologies. Studies on the roles of PGPRs for crop production at the field level to achieve large-scale adoption with agronomic and economic improvements are recommended.
{"title":"Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria mitigate drought and salinity stresses, and improve the physiological and agronomic performances in crops: A systematic review","authors":"M. Kibret, Krishana Devkota, Widad Ben Bakrim, Amine Ezzariai, H. Terefe, F. Karouach, M. Sobeh, Mohamed Hafidi, Lamfeddal Kouisni","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drought and salinity are environmental factors that negatively impact crop productivity in arid and semi-arid climates. Plant growth promoting rhizobia (PGPR) can help mitigate the harmful effects of drought and salinity on plant growth and productivity. This systematic review aims to summarize studies on PGPR and their mechanisms for reducing the impacts of drought and salinity, as well as to explore the effects of PGPR on different crops to improve agronomic indicators focusing on recent findings. Search was performed on PubMed, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar for papers published from 2013 to 2022. A total of 174 papers were analyzed in this review. The results showed that the PGPRs were found to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and stimulate plant growth under adverse conditions. The PGPRs also reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents, while increasing exopolysaccharide, chlorophyll, and relative water contents, for mitigating both drought and salinity stresses. PGPR strains are effective in increasing root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, leaf area, and leaf content. Most of the studies regarding the applications of PGPRs to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in crops were conducted under laboratory and/or greenhouse conditions, with Asia having the highest number of publications on cereals. This review shows the potential for PGPR to manage soil salinity and drought across diverse crops and ecologies. Studies on the roles of PGPRs for crop production at the field level to achieve large-scale adoption with agronomic and economic improvements are recommended.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0024
José C. B. Dubeux, Mário de A. Lira Junior, Flávia F. Simili, I. L. Bretas, K. R. Trumpp, Beatriz E. Bizzuti, L. Garcia, K. T. Oduor, L. Queiroz, Javier P. Acuña, Cristian T.E. Mendes
Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration promotes several ecological, economic, and social co-benefits. However, most SOC studies rely on topsoil evaluations (0–30 cm), disregarding a significant fraction of the SOC that is stored in deep layers. Understanding the relationship between deep soil carbon and climate change is imperative in guiding sustainable land management practices, informing climate change mitigation strategies, and preserving the crucial role of deep soil carbon in regulating atmospheric CO 2 levels. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to discuss the origins of deep soil carbon, the globally standardized methodology recommended for measuring SOC stocks, the mechanisms controlling SOC sequestration (physical, chemical, and biochemical) in deep layers, the significance of microbial community in deep soil layers, advancements in radiocarbon studies, the impact of management practices on deep SOC, and the influence of climate change on deep SOC stocks. Overall, more empirical data and long-term studies are needed to address the knowledge gaps in terms of deep SOC and advance our understanding of the role of deep soil carbon in shaping global carbon cycles and climate resilience. The main challenges for accurate SOC estimations and global carbon budgets are the high spatial variability, the relative lack of deep soil measurements, and the need for reliable reference data for modeling improvements. A practical and accurate soil bulk density (BD) estimation in deep layers (i.e., 30–100 cm) is crucial to improve the accuracy of global C stock estimations and should be addressed in further studies. Modeling approaches based on sensors and machine learning techniques are promising tools to overcome this challenge. However, there is still a large variability in methods to measure and report soil BD and SOC stocks worldwide, preventing further advances.
{"title":"Deep soil organic carbon: A review","authors":"José C. B. Dubeux, Mário de A. Lira Junior, Flávia F. Simili, I. L. Bretas, K. R. Trumpp, Beatriz E. Bizzuti, L. Garcia, K. T. Oduor, L. Queiroz, Javier P. Acuña, Cristian T.E. Mendes","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration promotes several ecological, economic, and social co-benefits. However, most SOC studies rely on topsoil evaluations (0–30 cm), disregarding a significant fraction of the SOC that is stored in deep layers. Understanding the relationship between deep soil carbon and climate change is imperative in guiding sustainable land management practices, informing climate change mitigation strategies, and preserving the crucial role of deep soil carbon in regulating atmospheric CO\u0000 2\u0000 levels. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to discuss the origins of deep soil carbon, the globally standardized methodology recommended for measuring SOC stocks, the mechanisms controlling SOC sequestration (physical, chemical, and biochemical) in deep layers, the significance of microbial community in deep soil layers, advancements in radiocarbon studies, the impact of management practices on deep SOC, and the influence of climate change on deep SOC stocks. Overall, more empirical data and long-term studies are needed to address the knowledge gaps in terms of deep SOC and advance our understanding of the role of deep soil carbon in shaping global carbon cycles and climate resilience. The main challenges for accurate SOC estimations and global carbon budgets are the high spatial variability, the relative lack of deep soil measurements, and the need for reliable reference data for modeling improvements. A practical and accurate soil bulk density (BD) estimation in deep layers (i.e., 30–100 cm) is crucial to improve the accuracy of global C stock estimations and should be addressed in further studies. Modeling approaches based on sensors and machine learning techniques are promising tools to overcome this challenge. However, there is still a large variability in methods to measure and report soil BD and SOC stocks worldwide, preventing further advances.\u0000","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapidly growing human population has upsurged the need for natural resources, endangering the environment and widening the gaps between availability and needs. The objective of this review was to compile the reported data on Cannabis- based food, beverage, cosmetics, textiles, composites and medicinal products with an emphasis on the regulatory framework and guidelines on Cannabis use, Cannabis- based green synthesis of NPs, and multiple ways of incorporating Cannabis with emphasis on critical factors to be considered while using Cannabis as an additive. We searched the data across scientific databases such as Google Scholar, SciELO, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and some conference papers, books, dissertations and government reports. Almost 20 different Cannabis -based food and beverage products with enriched nutrition and 11 cosmetic products have been developed and reported with improved quality. The utilization of Cannabis for the development of textiles, composites and different kinds of medicines like Dronabinol (Marinol®), Nabilone, Sativex® or Nabiximols®, Cannapain® and Cannabis variety based preparations/products (on CBD and THC content basis) including Bedrocan, Bedica, Bedrolite, Bediol and Bedrobinol are available for human use. Various Cannabis NPs, including gold (AuNPs), silver (AgNPs), and selenium (SeNPs), are green synthesized with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potentials. Because of the endless need for re-invention and the speedy evolution of the market, industries have found a state-of-the-art opportunity to develop various products and nanoparticles (NPs) using Cannabis as a versatile constituent, however, the efficacy of edible products depends upon the level of psychoactive THC present in Cannabis . Overall, the data provided here on Cannabis -based consumers, industrial and medicinal products, green synthesis of Cannabis NPs, and multiple ways of Cannabis incorporation in products considering possible challenges could add significant contributions to the global Cannabis research.
{"title":"Potentials of\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 as versatile additive in consumer, industrial and medicinal products and green synthesis of nanoparticles: A systematic review","authors":"Adil Hussain, Maira Batool, Asma Saeed, Alim-Un-Nisa, Syed Hussain Imam Abidi, Q. Syed","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The rapidly growing human population has upsurged the need for natural resources, endangering the environment and widening the gaps between availability and needs. The objective of this review was to compile the reported data on\u0000 Cannabis-\u0000 based food, beverage, cosmetics, textiles, composites and medicinal products with an emphasis on the regulatory framework and guidelines on\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 use,\u0000 Cannabis-\u0000 based green synthesis of NPs, and multiple ways of incorporating\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 with emphasis on critical factors to be considered while using\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 as an additive. We searched the data across scientific databases such as Google Scholar, SciELO, Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and some conference papers, books, dissertations and government reports. Almost 20 different\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 -based food and beverage products with enriched nutrition and 11 cosmetic products have been developed and reported with improved quality. The utilization of\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 for the development of textiles, composites and different kinds of medicines like Dronabinol (Marinol®), Nabilone, Sativex® or Nabiximols®, Cannapain® and\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 variety based preparations/products (on CBD and THC content basis) including Bedrocan, Bedica, Bedrolite, Bediol and Bedrobinol are available for human use. Various\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 NPs, including gold (AuNPs), silver (AgNPs), and selenium (SeNPs), are green synthesized with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potentials. Because of the endless need for re-invention and the speedy evolution of the market, industries have found a state-of-the-art opportunity to develop various products and nanoparticles (NPs) using\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 as a versatile constituent, however, the efficacy of edible products depends upon the level of psychoactive THC present in\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 . Overall, the data provided here on\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 -based consumers, industrial and medicinal products, green synthesis of\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 NPs, and multiple ways of\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 incorporation in products considering possible challenges could add significant contributions to the global\u0000 Cannabis\u0000 research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0021
Bernard Faye, G. Konuspayeva
Many “reviews of reviews” were published almost every month to vent the health claims of camel milk, attributing to it, many “therapeutic virtues” without critical look. However, camel milk cannot be considered as a medicine because it is first and foremost a food even if some health effects and undeniable dietetic properties can be attributed to some of its components. However, these health claims are undeniable commercial arguments contributing to the current development of the sector on a global scale (around 5.5% annual growth), despite the many constraints linked to the desert environment in which most of the camel farms are living. This publication therefore briefly reviews the main components of milk with a potential health effect and/or dietary interest and which constitute a springboard for a rapid development of the camel milk economy worldwide.
{"title":"Camel milk composition and future market potential","authors":"Bernard Faye, G. Konuspayeva","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many “reviews of reviews” were published almost every month to vent the health claims of camel milk, attributing to it, many “therapeutic virtues” without critical look. However, camel milk cannot be considered as a medicine because it is first and foremost a food even if some health effects and undeniable dietetic properties can be attributed to some of its components. However, these health claims are undeniable commercial arguments contributing to the current development of the sector on a global scale (around 5.5% annual growth), despite the many constraints linked to the desert environment in which most of the camel farms are living. This publication therefore briefly reviews the main components of milk with a potential health effect and/or dietary interest and which constitute a springboard for a rapid development of the camel milk economy worldwide.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0020
Anju Thattantavide, Ajay Kumar
The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected food supply chains and threatened global food security. The nations excessively relying on the import of food were severely affected. The food shortages in various countries worldwide were due to multiple reasons, such as unavailability of land, infertility of the available land, and excessive reliance on the import of foods. The excessive dependence on a few mainstream crops increases the vulnerabilities of the communities. However, several plants, known as traditional or indigenous food plants, are consumed by local populations and form the basis of robust local food systems. They are not cultivated at a large scale in a large area, but local communities have access to the locally available plants that grow near their settlements. Local foods are particularly vital during situations similar to pandemics and wars when the global supply chains are disrupted. This article emphasises the potential of local food system supply chains as a resilient strategy for food security in emergencies such as COVID-19. It further attempts to provide important insights into the vulnerabilities associated with mainstream foods, their impact on food insecurity, and the forthcoming roles of alternative local food systems based on local indigenous plants.
{"title":"Local food systems as a resilient strategy to ensure sustainable food security in crisis: Lessons from COVID-19 pandemic and perspectives for the post-pandemic world","authors":"Anju Thattantavide, Ajay Kumar","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected food supply chains and threatened global food security. The nations excessively relying on the import of food were severely affected. The food shortages in various countries worldwide were due to multiple reasons, such as unavailability of land, infertility of the available land, and excessive reliance on the import of foods. The excessive dependence on a few mainstream crops increases the vulnerabilities of the communities. However, several plants, known as traditional or indigenous food plants, are consumed by local populations and form the basis of robust local food systems. They are not cultivated at a large scale in a large area, but local communities have access to the locally available plants that grow near their settlements. Local foods are particularly vital during situations similar to pandemics and wars when the global supply chains are disrupted. This article emphasises the potential of local food system supply chains as a resilient strategy for food security in emergencies such as COVID-19. It further attempts to provide important insights into the vulnerabilities associated with mainstream foods, their impact on food insecurity, and the forthcoming roles of alternative local food systems based on local indigenous plants.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0016
Johanne Brunet, F. Fragoso
Pollinator populations are declining worldwide and over 87% of flowering plant species and 87 of the leading global food crops rely on pollinators for seed production. Pollinator decline seriously impacts biodiversity conservation, reduces crop yield, and threatens food security. Understanding the drivers of pollinator decline can guide the development of strategies and action plans to protect and conserve pollinators and the essential ecosystem services they provide. This review introduces the diversity of pollinators, addresses the main drivers of pollinator decline, and presents strategies to reduce their negative impacts. We discuss how managed bees negatively affect wild bee species, and examine the impacts of habitat loss, pesticide use, pests and pathogens, pollution, and climate change on pollinator decline. Connections between humans and pollinator decline are addressed. Climate change emerges as the most prominent threat to pollinators and humans and the most difficult threat to control. The changes in water and temperature associated with climate change can lower the quantity and quality of resources available to pollinators, decrease the survival of larvae or adults, and modify suitable habitats. Climate change is a global issue and a serious threat to food security, and to world stability. Efforts to control the various factors that negatively impact pollinators must continue given the dire consequences.
{"title":"What are the main reasons for the worldwide decline in pollinator populations?","authors":"Johanne Brunet, F. Fragoso","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pollinator populations are declining worldwide and over 87% of flowering plant species and 87 of the leading global food crops rely on pollinators for seed production. Pollinator decline seriously impacts biodiversity conservation, reduces crop yield, and threatens food security. Understanding the drivers of pollinator decline can guide the development of strategies and action plans to protect and conserve pollinators and the essential ecosystem services they provide. This review introduces the diversity of pollinators, addresses the main drivers of pollinator decline, and presents strategies to reduce their negative impacts. We discuss how managed bees negatively affect wild bee species, and examine the impacts of habitat loss, pesticide use, pests and pathogens, pollution, and climate change on pollinator decline. Connections between humans and pollinator decline are addressed. Climate change emerges as the most prominent threat to pollinators and humans and the most difficult threat to control. The changes in water and temperature associated with climate change can lower the quantity and quality of resources available to pollinators, decrease the survival of larvae or adults, and modify suitable habitats. Climate change is a global issue and a serious threat to food security, and to world stability. Efforts to control the various factors that negatively impact pollinators must continue given the dire consequences.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0015
Mary Taylor, Kyle Stice
Climate projections for the Pacific Island region serve to emphasize the climate unpredictability, variability and intensity that farmers will have to adapt to in the future. The impact that climate change is having on agriculture in the Pacific is evident from the data around agriculture loss and damage from extreme weather events such as flooding and cyclones. It is clear that food systems will have to be resilient and farmers will have to adapt, if food security in the region is not to be seriously threatened. The factors considered as essential for building adaptive capacity are: (a) social capital; (b) ability of communities to engage effectively with external agents; (c) access to knowledge including how knowledge is generated, shared and exchanged; (d) merging of local and external knowledge; (e) space for farmers to interact, communicate, experiment and learn from each other; (f) trust in the adaptation measure(s)being promoted; (g) effective capacity building; (h) decentralized research; and (i) supportive policy. This article explores these factors and proposes that membership of a farmer organization (FO) provides an enabling platform for the effective and efficient delivery of these conditions, thereby providing farmers with the tools essential for adaptation to a changing climate. Examples illustrating how farmers around the Pacific Island region are working together to put in place measures that will strengthen the resilience of their farming systems are provided from national and regional farmer organizations in the region.
{"title":"How membership of a farmer organization can support farmers in adapting to climate change in the Pacific Island region","authors":"Mary Taylor, Kyle Stice","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate projections for the Pacific Island region serve to emphasize the climate unpredictability, variability and intensity that farmers will have to adapt to in the future. The impact that climate change is having on agriculture in the Pacific is evident from the data around agriculture loss and damage from extreme weather events such as flooding and cyclones. It is clear that food systems will have to be resilient and farmers will have to adapt, if food security in the region is not to be seriously threatened. The factors considered as essential for building adaptive capacity are: (a) social capital; (b) ability of communities to engage effectively with external agents; (c) access to knowledge including how knowledge is generated, shared and exchanged; (d) merging of local and external knowledge; (e) space for farmers to interact, communicate, experiment and learn from each other; (f) trust in the adaptation measure(s)being promoted; (g) effective capacity building; (h) decentralized research; and (i) supportive policy. This article explores these factors and proposes that membership of a farmer organization (FO) provides an enabling platform for the effective and efficient delivery of these conditions, thereby providing farmers with the tools essential for adaptation to a changing climate. Examples illustrating how farmers around the Pacific Island region are working together to put in place measures that will strengthen the resilience of their farming systems are provided from national and regional farmer organizations in the region.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0017
Geberemariyam Terefe, Mulugeta Walelegne
The review emphasizes that factors such as feed type, diet composition, and hygiene standards during milking significantly impact milk yield, composition, and microbial population. A comprehensive methodology was employed to gather relevant literature from diverse sources, including textbooks, academic journals, and databases. The review focused on research articles investigating the impact of feed type and nutrients on dairy cattle milk yield, and quality. The search terms used to organize this article were breed, feed, hygienic practices, sources of microorganisms, and milk production, and by synthesizing findings from these studies; key factors influencing milk production and quality were identified. The review highlights the significance of breed selection, feeding practices, and hygienic measures in dairy farming. Optimizing these factors can enhance milk production, nutritional quality, and microbial safety, ensuring the delivery of high-quality milk to consumers. Overall, the review provides valuable insights into the relationship between animal breed, nutrition, and hygiene practices in dairy cattle production.
{"title":"Effect of feeds and hygienic practices on milk production and its nutritional and microbiological quality","authors":"Geberemariyam Terefe, Mulugeta Walelegne","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The review emphasizes that factors such as feed type, diet composition, and hygiene standards during milking significantly impact milk yield, composition, and microbial population. A comprehensive methodology was employed to gather relevant literature from diverse sources, including textbooks, academic journals, and databases. The review focused on research articles investigating the impact of feed type and nutrients on dairy cattle milk yield, and quality. The search terms used to organize this article were breed, feed, hygienic practices, sources of microorganisms, and milk production, and by synthesizing findings from these studies; key factors influencing milk production and quality were identified. The review highlights the significance of breed selection, feeding practices, and hygienic measures in dairy farming. Optimizing these factors can enhance milk production, nutritional quality, and microbial safety, ensuring the delivery of high-quality milk to consumers. Overall, the review provides valuable insights into the relationship between animal breed, nutrition, and hygiene practices in dairy cattle production.","PeriodicalId":399225,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0018
W. A. Abd El-Ghany
Due to the growing concerns about antimicrobial resistance and the potential for a ban on antibiotic growth promoters worldwide, there is an increasing demand to find alternatives to antimicrobials in livestock production. One of these alternatives is herbal extracts or phytobiotics that already are used as dietary supplements to improve the general health conditions. Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) has a long history of nutritional and medicinal properties. All the body parts of guava and the by-products have been applied effectively in livestock systems. The guava plant is a good source of nutrients as it is rich in flavonoids, phenols, tannins, essential oils, lectins, vitamins, fatty acids, etc. All parts of the guava plant including leaves, pulp, and seeds have been used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheic, anticancer, immuno-stimulant, growth promotor, cough sedative, and hypocholesterolemic. Therefore, this review was planned to focus on the impact of using dietary guava on the different health parameters of some livestock production systems including poultry and rabbits.
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