The enthusiasm surrounding high-technology (high-tech) indus tries is in part a response to the prospect of future employment growth and to the expectation that these industries will form the basis of self-sustaining local/regional economies. Currently, how ever, states and communities compete for high-tech employment with only a vague understanding of the forces governing the diffusion of high-tech development. All too often they use scarce public revenues to attract these industries with little assurance of long-run returns on such investment.
{"title":"Metropolitan High-Technology Industry Growth in the Mid 1970s: Can Everyone Have a Slice of the High-Tech Pie","authors":"A. Glasmeier, P. Hall, A. Markusen","doi":"10.5070/BP31113217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP31113217","url":null,"abstract":"The enthusiasm surrounding high-technology (high-tech) indus tries is in part a response to the prospect of future employment growth and to the expectation that these industries will form the basis of self-sustaining local/regional economies. Currently, how ever, states and communities compete for high-tech employment with only a vague understanding of the forces governing the diffusion of high-tech development. All too often they use scarce public revenues to attract these industries with little assurance of long-run returns on such investment.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP31113217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70695444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The often heterogeneous quality of our built environment reflects diverse identities in our society. Conflicts among values held by segments of the urban populace stand apparent in our towns and cities. My basic interest in this paper lies in evolving a basis for interpreting meaning in urban places and for developing a more equitable and socially fulfilling style of environmental design. At the core of this goal lies the task of understanding the sources of identity in environments of differing kinds and scales on the part of a broad cross section of users.
{"title":"The Search for Cultural Identity Through Urban Design: The Case of Berkeley","authors":"F. Violich","doi":"10.5070/BP32113202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP32113202","url":null,"abstract":"The often heterogeneous quality of our built environment reflects diverse identities in our society. Conflicts among values held by segments of the urban populace stand apparent in our towns and cities. My basic interest in this paper lies in evolving a basis for interpreting meaning in urban places and for developing a more equitable and socially fulfilling style of environmental design. At the core of this goal lies the task of understanding the sources of identity in environments of differing kinds and scales on the part of a broad cross section of users.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP32113202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70700696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Patton, Wendy; Ross, Jean | Abstract: "Pay equity" or "comparable worth" are terms that have come to stand for the notion that people should be paid equally for jobs of similar skill levels, training requirements, and responsibility, regardless of their race, sex, creed, or color. Comparable worth has been called the job issue of the eighties. The first half of the decade witnessed a surge of activity around the issue in the courts, in legislative arenas, and at the bargaining table.Although two of the original lawsuits establishing the grounds for comparable worth involved private-sector employers,1 most activity to date has dealt with public-sector employees. Recently, however, the notion of pay equity has gained renewed attention in the private sector as well. As economic shifts diminish the number of well-paid manufacturing jobs, lower-paid jobs in ser vices and related sectors, traditionally employing high concentra tions of women, become relatively more important to households and communities. The pressure is growing for private as well as public employers to redress discriminatory wage scales that have evolved in the workplace.
{"title":"Pay Equity and the Private Sector: A Proposal for Local Implementation in the Richmond","authors":"W. Patton, J. Ross","doi":"10.5070/BP32113204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP32113204","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Patton, Wendy; Ross, Jean | Abstract: \"Pay equity\" or \"comparable worth\" are terms that have come to stand for the notion that people should be paid equally for jobs of similar skill levels, training requirements, and responsibility, regardless of their race, sex, creed, or color. Comparable worth has been called the job issue of the eighties. The first half of the decade witnessed a surge of activity around the issue in the courts, in legislative arenas, and at the bargaining table.Although two of the original lawsuits establishing the grounds for comparable worth involved private-sector employers,1 most activity to date has dealt with public-sector employees. Recently, however, the notion of pay equity has gained renewed attention in the private sector as well. As economic shifts diminish the number of well-paid manufacturing jobs, lower-paid jobs in ser vices and related sectors, traditionally employing high concentra tions of women, become relatively more important to households and communities. The pressure is growing for private as well as public employers to redress discriminatory wage scales that have evolved in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP32113204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70700900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Campbell, Scott | Abstract: These days it seems as if almost everyone has something to say about defense spending and military production. The political scientist speaks of deterrence and diplomacy, the biologist of nuclear winter, the engineer of accuracy and explosive potentials, the sociologist of nuclear-age paranoia, the businessman of cost effectiveness and profit trends. What perspective can regional planners add to this debate?Planners might initially approach this debate by outlining how defense spending affects the subjects of planning: land use, job generation, industrial development, city finances. This approach is certainly a necessary recognition of the dramatic affect of the military on cities and regions. Yet almost any discipline could claim that defense spending affects their subjects of study in some way or another. It thus remains the task of regional planners to trace the impact of defense spending on their discipline, and, more importantly, to demonstrate the contribution that their discipline can make to the defense spending debate at large.
{"title":"The Geography of Defense Production: Conceptual Issues","authors":"Scott A. Campbell","doi":"10.5070/BP33113192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP33113192","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Campbell, Scott | Abstract: These days it seems as if almost everyone has something to say about defense spending and military production. The political scientist speaks of deterrence and diplomacy, the biologist of nuclear winter, the engineer of accuracy and explosive potentials, the sociologist of nuclear-age paranoia, the businessman of cost effectiveness and profit trends. What perspective can regional planners add to this debate?Planners might initially approach this debate by outlining how defense spending affects the subjects of planning: land use, job generation, industrial development, city finances. This approach is certainly a necessary recognition of the dramatic affect of the military on cities and regions. Yet almost any discipline could claim that defense spending affects their subjects of study in some way or another. It thus remains the task of regional planners to trace the impact of defense spending on their discipline, and, more importantly, to demonstrate the contribution that their discipline can make to the defense spending debate at large.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP33113192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70705246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Pivo, Gary E. | Abstract: Why should the government be in the business of influencing how our society uses urban and rural land? The answer to this question is important to professional city and regional planners wishing to justify their programs, and to land-use theorists seeking to understand the forces behind land-use patterns.The allocation of land can be conducted by either public planning or by the private market. Both methods have their drawbacks and advantages. While it is necessary to understand both systems, as they work alone and together, this essay will focus on the market approach. Many would like to see the market used as the primary system for allocating land. In response to this position, this essay will present a critique of the land market and a justification for land-use planning by examining the nature of land as a commodity in market economies.
{"title":"Use Value, Exchange Value, and the Need for Public Land-Use Planning","authors":"G. Pivo","doi":"10.5070/BP31113211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP31113211","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Pivo, Gary E. | Abstract: Why should the government be in the business of influencing how our society uses urban and rural land? The answer to this question is important to professional city and regional planners wishing to justify their programs, and to land-use theorists seeking to understand the forces behind land-use patterns.The allocation of land can be conducted by either public planning or by the private market. Both methods have their drawbacks and advantages. While it is necessary to understand both systems, as they work alone and together, this essay will focus on the market approach. Many would like to see the market used as the primary system for allocating land. In response to this position, this essay will present a critique of the land market and a justification for land-use planning by examining the nature of land as a commodity in market economies.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP31113211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70695057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Kroll, Cynthia | Abstract: One of the major changes experienced in the pattern of urban development in the 1970s was the trend toward suburbanization of office space construction. In previous decades, suburbs played a narrower role as bedroom communities. By the 1960s, with the introduction of regional shopping centers, many retail activities had followed residents from the central city to suburban settings.Office space decentralization in the 1970s is part of a third stage of suburban development-the larger trend towards the movement of jobs from central city to suburb-with manufacturing firms as well as office using firms looking for cheaper land, more space, and a nearby workforce outside of the central city. Before 1970, over four-fifths of speculative office space in the San Francisco SMSA was in San Francisco or Oakland. During the 1970s, 40% of new office space added to the SMSA went to suburbs outside of these central cities.
{"title":"Suburban Office Markets and Regional Employment Growth: The San Francisco Bay Area's 680 Corridor","authors":"C. Kroll","doi":"10.5070/BP31113216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP31113216","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Kroll, Cynthia | Abstract: One of the major changes experienced in the pattern of urban development in the 1970s was the trend toward suburbanization of office space construction. In previous decades, suburbs played a narrower role as bedroom communities. By the 1960s, with the introduction of regional shopping centers, many retail activities had followed residents from the central city to suburban settings.Office space decentralization in the 1970s is part of a third stage of suburban development-the larger trend towards the movement of jobs from central city to suburb-with manufacturing firms as well as office using firms looking for cheaper land, more space, and a nearby workforce outside of the central city. Before 1970, over four-fifths of speculative office space in the San Francisco SMSA was in San Francisco or Oakland. During the 1970s, 40% of new office space added to the SMSA went to suburbs outside of these central cities.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP31113216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70695428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planners rely upon planning history to provide a sense of their position in society and the importance of their work. To reinter pret that history is to change the background upon which planners operate in the present and to influence their vision of the future. Traditional histories of American city planning tell a story of gra dual, but inexorable, progress, beginning with the reform move ments of the late nineteenth century and leading steadily toward increasing social acceptance, technical advancement, and institu tional consolidation. Personalities, famous plans, and legislative milestones march past, forming a narrative that is, on the whole, reassuring. Planning is portrayed as an activity that has emerged from tenuous beginnings to become a sophisticated profession, guiding urban change in the public interest.
{"title":"Dreaming the Rational City: The Myth of American City Planning by Christine Boyer - eScholarship","authors":"C. Ellis","doi":"10.5070/bp32113206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/bp32113206","url":null,"abstract":"Planners rely upon planning history to provide a sense of their position in society and the importance of their work. To reinter pret that history is to change the background upon which planners operate in the present and to influence their vision of the future. Traditional histories of American city planning tell a story of gra dual, but inexorable, progress, beginning with the reform move ments of the late nineteenth century and leading steadily toward increasing social acceptance, technical advancement, and institu tional consolidation. Personalities, famous plans, and legislative milestones march past, forming a narrative that is, on the whole, reassuring. Planning is portrayed as an activity that has emerged from tenuous beginnings to become a sophisticated profession, guiding urban change in the public interest.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/bp32113206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70700967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
My belief is that it is in the best short-term as well as long-term economic interests of U.S. corporations to disengage from South Africa. South African corporations are no longer profitable in most cases and there is an immediate risk that product imports, capital investment or sales will be lost or adversely affected by continued military and police action, domestic or foreign embar goes or government expropriation. This is in addition to normal risks of currency fluctuation and unstable commodity prices. In the long-term, a new majority-ruled government may look else where for investments and trade, or will extract a very high price for foreign corporate involvement. At worst, corporate support of the white-minority will rule out any access in the future to South African strategic resources and play into the hands of Jj.S. cor porate enemies around the world. A short-term loss may also be more than offset by substantial long-term gains if U.S. corpora tions disengage.
{"title":"South Africa: A Case for Total Divestment","authors":"John C. Harrington","doi":"10.5070/BP32113205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP32113205","url":null,"abstract":"My belief is that it is in the best short-term as well as long-term economic interests of U.S. corporations to disengage from South Africa. South African corporations are no longer profitable in most cases and there is an immediate risk that product imports, capital investment or sales will be lost or adversely affected by continued military and police action, domestic or foreign embar goes or government expropriation. This is in addition to normal risks of currency fluctuation and unstable commodity prices. In the long-term, a new majority-ruled government may look else where for investments and trade, or will extract a very high price for foreign corporate involvement. At worst, corporate support of the white-minority will rule out any access in the future to South African strategic resources and play into the hands of Jj.S. cor porate enemies around the world. A short-term loss may also be more than offset by substantial long-term gains if U.S. corpora tions disengage.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP32113205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70701065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Christensen, Karen; Drury, David | Abstract: This essay proposes a structure and process for doing city master planning where there is no consensus on goals. It evolved from an attempt to help the city of Berkeley prepare to revise its Master Plan. Accordingly, our recommendations take into account Berkeley's unusually convoluted and polarized political situation, while affirming that the city's diversity is its richness. The proposal is meant to help Berkeley renew its tradition of innovative, respon sive planning. In doing so, the proposal presents a general scheme for helping cities when traditional approaches break down in discord. Key assets of the approach include flexibility, variability, and the capacity to accommodate diversity.Since the framework is designed specifically for Berkeley's partic ular problem context the essay stresses how Berkeley's planning history led to its current planning impasse. The proposal follows, and we conclude with some notes on its implementation and wider applications.
{"title":"Agreeing to Disagree: A Three Dimensional Framework for Planning Without Consensus","authors":"K. Christensen, D. Drury","doi":"10.5070/bp31113212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/bp31113212","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Christensen, Karen; Drury, David | Abstract: This essay proposes a structure and process for doing city master planning where there is no consensus on goals. It evolved from an attempt to help the city of Berkeley prepare to revise its Master Plan. Accordingly, our recommendations take into account Berkeley's unusually convoluted and polarized political situation, while affirming that the city's diversity is its richness. The proposal is meant to help Berkeley renew its tradition of innovative, respon sive planning. In doing so, the proposal presents a general scheme for helping cities when traditional approaches break down in discord. Key assets of the approach include flexibility, variability, and the capacity to accommodate diversity.Since the framework is designed specifically for Berkeley's partic ular problem context the essay stresses how Berkeley's planning history led to its current planning impasse. The proposal follows, and we conclude with some notes on its implementation and wider applications.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/bp31113212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70694664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Kent, Jr., T.J. | Abstract: The publication in 1938 of Lewis Mumford's book, The Culture of Cities, was one of the major events that led to the establishment of the Department of City and Regional Planning on the Berkeley campus of the University of California. At a time when the profes sion of city planning was in its infancy in the United States, it inspired a generation of Berkeley architecture and landscape archi tecture students to focus their idealism and energies on efforts to improve, protect, and enhance the cities and the natural environ ment of the San Francisco Bay region. Influenced and to a considerable extent educated by the events and implications of the Great Depression and World War II, they seemed to have no difficulty during the 1930's and 1940's in finding or organizing useful things to do, and in a relatively short time their efforts led to the expan sion of city planning, housing, and community development pro grams in the San Francisco offices of FDR's New Deal administra tion and in the city and county governments of the Bay Area.
摘要:1938年刘易斯·芒福德(Lewis Mumford)的著作《城市文化》(The Culture of Cities)的出版，是促成加州大学伯克利分校城市与区域规划系成立的重大事件之一。当城市规划专业在美国处于起步阶段时，它激励了一代伯克利建筑和景观建筑专业的学生，将他们的理想主义和精力集中在改善、保护和增强旧金山湾区的城市和自然环境上。影响和consid-erable程度教育的事件和大萧条和第二次世界大战的影响,他们似乎没有困难在1930年代和1940年代在找工作或组织有用的事情要做,在相对较短的时间他们的努力导致了依斯攀-锡安的城市规划,住房和社区发展pro -克在旧金山办公室的罗斯福新政administra——和市、县政府的海湾地区。
{"title":"A History of the Department of City and Regional Planning (1948-1979), Part 1","authors":"J. T. Kent","doi":"10.5070/BP31113218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/BP31113218","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Kent, Jr., T.J. | Abstract: The publication in 1938 of Lewis Mumford's book, The Culture of Cities, was one of the major events that led to the establishment of the Department of City and Regional Planning on the Berkeley campus of the University of California. At a time when the profes sion of city planning was in its infancy in the United States, it inspired a generation of Berkeley architecture and landscape archi tecture students to focus their idealism and energies on efforts to improve, protect, and enhance the cities and the natural environ ment of the San Francisco Bay region. Influenced and to a considerable extent educated by the events and implications of the Great Depression and World War II, they seemed to have no difficulty during the 1930's and 1940's in finding or organizing useful things to do, and in a relatively short time their efforts led to the expan sion of city planning, housing, and community development pro grams in the San Francisco offices of FDR's New Deal administra tion and in the city and county governments of the Bay Area.","PeriodicalId":39937,"journal":{"name":"Berkeley Planning Journal","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5070/BP31113218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70695581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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