Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107339
Wang Ni , Ruochen Wang , Zhaochen Lv , Miaomiao Li
Achieving proper film morphology and microstructures via molecular engineering remains a long-standing challenge for small-molecule-based organic photovoltaics. Herein, we designed and synthesized a small molecule donor, namely DAR3TBDT with allyl substituted rhodanine as terminal units. Compared to molecule DR3TBDT with ethyl groups on the terminus, DAR3TBDT in film showed similar optical bandgap and frontier molecular orbital energy levels, but more ordered molecular packing. Moreover, DAR3TBDT:PC71BM blend film exhibited better morphology with more defined phase separation in comparison to DR3TBDT:PC71BM counterpart. Owing to efficient exciton dissociation, charge transport and charge collection, the photovoltaic devices based on DAR3TBDT:PC71BM achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.05 % under one sun (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2), outperforming the DR3TBDT:PC71BM-based counterparts (7.94 %). Furthermore, the DAR3TBDT:PC71BM-based devices are applied as the laser power converter under 532 nm laser irradiation, and achieved a high PCE of 23.11 %. This study opens a promising avenue to develop high-performance photovoltaic materials from the view of side chain engineering.
{"title":"Improved performance of small molecule based organic photovoltaic cells enabled by fine-tuning side chains on terminal units","authors":"Wang Ni , Ruochen Wang , Zhaochen Lv , Miaomiao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving proper film morphology and microstructures via molecular engineering remains a long-standing challenge for small-molecule-based organic photovoltaics. Herein, we designed and synthesized a small molecule donor, namely DAR3TBDT with allyl substituted rhodanine as terminal units. Compared to molecule DR3TBDT with ethyl groups on the terminus, DAR3TBDT in film showed similar optical bandgap and frontier molecular orbital energy levels, but more ordered molecular packing. Moreover, DAR3TBDT:PC<sub>71</sub>BM blend film exhibited better morphology with more defined phase separation in comparison to DR3TBDT:PC<sub>71</sub>BM counterpart. Owing to efficient exciton dissociation, charge transport and charge collection, the photovoltaic devices based on DAR3TBDT:PC<sub>71</sub>BM achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.05 % under one sun (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>), outperforming the DR3TBDT:PC<sub>71</sub>BM-based counterparts (7.94 %). Furthermore, the DAR3TBDT:PC<sub>71</sub>BM-based devices are applied as the laser power converter under 532 nm laser irradiation, and achieved a high PCE of 23.11 %. This study opens a promising avenue to develop high-performance photovoltaic materials from the view of side chain engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 107339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107338
Nitish Ghosh , Md Minhaj Ali , P. Dey
Investigation of carrier transportation at ferromagnetic (FM)/organic semiconductor (OSC) interface has great research potential for the formation of spin valve (SV) device. Magneto-optical coupling effect on carriers has been investigated in FM/OSC based two heterostructures Silicon (Si)/Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4)/poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc)/Aluminium (Al) [P3HT based i.e., S1 heterostructure] and Si/NiFe2O4 (NFO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/CuPc/Al [rGO based i.e, S2 heterostructure]. Direct spin injection and carrier transport mechanism are found to be prominent at the NFO/rGO interface due to very close position of conduction bands of NFO and rGO to the Fermi energy level, which results larger device current (1000 times larger than S1) in S2 sample. The S1 heterostructure exhibits a drastic increase in negative magnetoresistance (MR)at low magnetic field (Hext) regime due to enhancement of both de-pining spin from weak potential well and spin dependent tunneling of carriers at NFO/P3HT interface. However, at high Hext organic magnetoresistance (OMAR) effect of P3HT polymer results overall decrease of negative MR of S1 sample. In contrast, S2 device shows monotonic increase in negative MR. A significant photoresponse under 660 nm red laser has obtained in both the heterostructures. At high optical power, switching of MR from negative to positive value has been observed in both the devices, which attributes substantial scattering and decoherence of photogenerated carriers. Another side, on switching of Hext a drastic decrease and a monotonic decrease of photocurrent has been observed in S1 and S2 heterostructures, respectively, which comes from the modification of spin transportation at the interface.
{"title":"Magneto-tunability of photocurrent in p-Si (100)/NiFe2O4/SL/CuPc/Al [where, spacer layer (SL)=P3HT and rGO] heterojunction devices at room temperature: Role of organic interface in Opto-spintronics","authors":"Nitish Ghosh , Md Minhaj Ali , P. Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigation of carrier transportation at ferromagnetic (FM)/organic semiconductor (OSC) interface has great research potential for the formation of spin valve (SV) device. Magneto-optical coupling effect on carriers has been investigated in FM/OSC based two heterostructures Silicon (Si)/Nickel ferrite (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)/poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc)/Aluminium (Al) [P3HT based i.e., S1 heterostructure] and Si/NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (NFO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/CuPc/Al [rGO based i.e, S2 heterostructure]. Direct spin injection and carrier transport mechanism are found to be prominent at the NFO/rGO interface due to very close position of conduction bands of NFO and rGO to the Fermi energy level, which results larger device current (1000 times larger than S1) in S2 sample. The S1 heterostructure exhibits a drastic increase in negative magnetoresistance (MR)at low magnetic field (H<sub>ext</sub>) regime due to enhancement of both de-pining spin from weak potential well and spin dependent tunneling of carriers at NFO/P3HT interface. However, at high H<sub>ext</sub> organic magnetoresistance (OMAR) effect of P3HT polymer results overall decrease of negative MR of S1 sample. In contrast, S2 device shows monotonic increase in negative MR. A significant photoresponse under 660 nm red laser has obtained in both the heterostructures. At high optical power, switching of MR from negative to positive value has been observed in both the devices, which attributes substantial scattering and decoherence of photogenerated carriers. Another side, on switching of H<sub>ext</sub> a drastic decrease and a monotonic decrease of photocurrent has been observed in S1 and S2 heterostructures, respectively, which comes from the modification of spin transportation at the interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 107338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107330
Xiaoguo Chen , zhiyong liu
All-small-molecule ternary organic photovoltaics (SMPVs) are composed of BTR-Cl as a donor, Y6 as an acceptor and NC70BA as a third-component material. When the BTR-Cl:Y6:NC70BA ratio was 1.6:1:0.15, the optimized ternary SMPVs achieved the highest PCE of 16.35 %, with a JSC of 27.01 mA cm−2, a VOC of 0.850 V and an FF of 71.2 %. Owing to the hollow spherical structure of NC70BA, better connections could be achieved between the donor and acceptor molecules. Moreover, the medium LUMO energy levels between BTR-Cl and Y6 are beneficial for forming a cascade of LUMO energy levels. In addition, NC70BA adjusts the molecular arrangement and enhances the crystallinity of the photoactive layer. Thus, NC70BA as a third-component material can support enhanced JSC. Collectively, these findings highlight a promising pathway for improving SMPVs performance through the use of NC70BA as a third-component material.
全小分子三元有机光伏（smpv）是由BTR-Cl为供体，Y6为受体，NC70BA为第三组分材料组成的。当BTR-Cl:Y6:NC70BA比为1.6:1:15时，优化后的三元smpv的PCE最高，达到16.35%，JSC为27.01 mA cm−2，VOC为0.850 V， FF为71.2%。由于NC70BA的空心球形结构，使得给体分子和受体分子之间有更好的连接。此外，BTR-Cl和Y6之间的中等LUMO能级有利于形成LUMO能级级联。NC70BA调节了分子排列，提高了光活性层的结晶度。因此，NC70BA作为第三组分材料可以支持增强的JSC。总的来说，这些发现强调了通过使用NC70BA作为第三组分材料来改善smpv性能的有希望的途径。
{"title":"Bis-adducted fullerene derivatives as third-component materials enabling efficient ternary all-small-molecule organic solar cells with over 16 % efficiency","authors":"Xiaoguo Chen , zhiyong liu","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-small-molecule ternary organic photovoltaics (SMPVs) are composed of BTR-Cl as a donor, Y6 as an acceptor and NC<sub>70</sub>BA as a third-component material. When the BTR-Cl:Y6:NC<sub>70</sub>BA ratio was 1.6:1:0.15, the optimized ternary SMPVs achieved the highest PCE of 16.35 %, with a <em>J</em><sub>SC</sub> of 27.01 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, a <em>V</em><sub>OC</sub> of 0.850 V and an FF of 71.2 %. Owing to the hollow spherical structure of NC<sub>70</sub>BA, better connections could be achieved between the donor and acceptor molecules. Moreover, the medium LUMO energy levels between BTR-Cl and Y6 are beneficial for forming a cascade of LUMO energy levels. In addition, NC<sub>70</sub>BA adjusts the molecular arrangement and enhances the crystallinity of the photoactive layer. Thus, NC<sub>70</sub>BA as a third-component material can support enhanced <em>J</em><sub>SC</sub>. Collectively, these findings highlight a promising pathway for improving SMPVs performance through the use of NC<sub>70</sub>BA as a third-component material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 107330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique piezoelectric properties, mild synthesis conditions, and structural flexibility. However, the intrinsic rigidity and poor biodegradability of HOIPs limit their applications in flexible wearable devices. In this work, we integrate HOIPs (TMCM-CdCl3) (TMCM, trimethylchloromethyl ammonium; Cd, Cadmium; Cl, chloride) with biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) to fabricate flexible composite films that simultaneously maintain excellent piezoelectric properties, provide the mechanical flexibility needed for wearable devices, and overcome the environmental limitations of conventional non-degradable polymers. The composite film exhibits optimal properties, achieving a short-circuit current (ISC) of 1.74 μA, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 4.35 V, and a peak power density of 1.47 × 10−6 W/cm2 under a 5 N force. Furthermore, the composite film exhibits robust mechanical flexibility and cyclic stability, maintaining stability over 10,000 bending cycles, which positions it as a promising candidate for flexible wearable devices with broad application prospects.
{"title":"Biodegradable TMCM-CdCl3/polylactic acid composites for piezoelectric energy harvesting","authors":"Meng Guo, Guan-Zhi Wang, Yunchao Miao, Hai-Run Yang, Chen Zhao, Zhi-Gang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique piezoelectric properties, mild synthesis conditions, and structural flexibility. However, the intrinsic rigidity and poor biodegradability of HOIPs limit their applications in flexible wearable devices. In this work, we integrate HOIPs (TMCM-CdCl<sub>3</sub>) (TMCM, trimethylchloromethyl ammonium; Cd, Cadmium; Cl, chloride) with biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) to fabricate flexible composite films that simultaneously maintain excellent piezoelectric properties, provide the mechanical flexibility needed for wearable devices, and overcome the environmental limitations of conventional non-degradable polymers. The composite film exhibits optimal properties, achieving a short-circuit current (<em>I</em><sub>SC</sub>) of 1.74 μA, an open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub>OC</sub>) of 4.35 V, and a peak power density of 1.47 × 10<sup>−6</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup> under a 5 N force. Furthermore, the composite film exhibits robust mechanical flexibility and cyclic stability, maintaining stability over 10,000 bending cycles, which positions it as a promising candidate for flexible wearable devices with broad application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 107331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107332
Walid Boukhili , Kunfang Chen , Xiang Wan , Chee Leong Tan , Huabin Sun , Zhihao Yu , Swelm Wageh , Yong Xu , Dongyoon Khim
Exploring suitable injection layer architectures, whether simple or hybrid organic–inorganic bilayers, that ensure efficient charge injection, favorable interfacial properties, and low-cost fabrication is of great technological significance for advancing inorganic and organic electronic devices. In this study, a series of tetracene-based organic thin-film transistors (tetracene-OTFTs) were fabricated, characterized, and systematically investigated, including reference devices with bare Au source/drain (S/D) electrodes and devices incorporating injection layers such as MoO3, pentacene (P5), and a hybrid P5/MoO3 bilayer beneath the Au S/D electrodes. Among all configurations, devices employing the P5/MoO3 injection bilayer demonstrated the highest performance, achieving a hole mobility of 2.5 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, a reduced threshold voltage of −0.65 V, near-zero onset voltage, a high on/off current ratio of 5.6 × 104, a low contact resistance of 1.2 × 103 kΩ, and reduced trap densities. The enhanced electrical performance of devices with the hybrid P5/MoO3 injection bilayer is attributed to its synergistic function: MoO3 enables favorable energy level alignment for efficient hole injection, while the ultrathin P5 layer acts as a diffusion barrier and forms a coherent organic/organic interface that enhances morphological compatibility with the tetracene active layer. These findings highlight the significant potential of hybrid injection bilayer architectures to simultaneously optimize charge injection, interfacial energetics, and device performance, thereby paving the way toward next-generation high-performance hybrid electronic devices.
{"title":"Organic–inorganic hybrid injection layers for efficient charge injection in organic transistors","authors":"Walid Boukhili , Kunfang Chen , Xiang Wan , Chee Leong Tan , Huabin Sun , Zhihao Yu , Swelm Wageh , Yong Xu , Dongyoon Khim","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring suitable injection layer architectures, whether simple or hybrid organic–inorganic bilayers, that ensure efficient charge injection, favorable interfacial properties, and low-cost fabrication is of great technological significance for advancing inorganic and organic electronic devices. In this study, a series of tetracene-based organic thin-film transistors (tetracene-OTFTs) were fabricated, characterized, and systematically investigated, including reference devices with bare Au source/drain (S/D) electrodes and devices incorporating injection layers such as MoO<sub>3</sub>, pentacene (P5), and a hybrid P5/MoO<sub>3</sub> bilayer beneath the Au S/D electrodes. Among all configurations, devices employing the P5/MoO<sub>3</sub> injection bilayer demonstrated the highest performance, achieving a hole mobility of 2.5 × 10<sup>−2</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, a reduced threshold voltage of −0.65 V, near-zero onset voltage, a high on/off current ratio of 5.6 × 10<sup>4</sup>, a low contact resistance of 1.2 × 10<sup>3</sup> kΩ, and reduced trap densities. The enhanced electrical performance of devices with the hybrid P5/MoO<sub>3</sub> injection bilayer is attributed to its synergistic function: MoO<sub>3</sub> enables favorable energy level alignment for efficient hole injection, while the ultrathin P5 layer acts as a diffusion barrier and forms a coherent organic/organic interface that enhances morphological compatibility with the tetracene active layer. These findings highlight the significant potential of hybrid injection bilayer architectures to simultaneously optimize charge injection, interfacial energetics, and device performance, thereby paving the way toward next-generation high-performance hybrid electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 107332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107329
Zhoujian Fan , Kuibao Yu , Hailong Hu
Quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs) exhibit unique advantages for high-resolution display applications. However, as pixel size decreases, challenges including insufficient hole injection and leakage current become increasingly pronounced, resulting in significant degradation in device performance. Herein, dual hole injection layers are constructed by self-assembly of an organic small molecular layer on conventional PEDOT:PSS to smooth the potential barrier, thus achieving more balanced carrier injection. An ultrafine inter-pixel isolation structure is designed as a charge blocking layer surrounding the photolithograpic pixels, with the purpose of effectively mitigating leakage current in the non-emitting region. The high-resolution devices show a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.6 % and a peak power efficiency (PE) of 20.63 lm/W, both of which significantly exceed the performance of the control device (EQE = 14.6 %, PE = 10.54 lm/W).
量子点发光器件（qled）在高分辨率显示应用中具有独特的优势。然而，随着像素尺寸的减小，包括孔注入不足和漏电流在内的挑战变得越来越明显，导致器件性能显著下降。本文通过在传统的PEDOT:PSS上自组装有机小分子层来构建双孔注入层，以平滑势垒，从而实现更平衡的载流子注入。设计了一种超细像素间隔离结构，作为光刻像素周围的电荷阻挡层，目的是有效地减轻非发射区域的泄漏电流。高分辨率器件的外量子效率（EQE）为19.6%，峰值功率效率（PE）为20.63 lm/W，均显著高于控制器件（EQE = 14.6%, PE = 10.54 lm/W）。
{"title":"High-efficiency quantum dot light-emitting devices with dual hole injection layers","authors":"Zhoujian Fan , Kuibao Yu , Hailong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs) exhibit unique advantages for high-resolution display applications. However, as pixel size decreases, challenges including insufficient hole injection and leakage current become increasingly pronounced, resulting in significant degradation in device performance. Herein, dual hole injection layers are constructed by self-assembly of an organic small molecular layer on conventional PEDOT:PSS to smooth the potential barrier, thus achieving more balanced carrier injection. An ultrafine inter-pixel isolation structure is designed as a charge blocking layer surrounding the photolithograpic pixels, with the purpose of effectively mitigating leakage current in the non-emitting region. The high-resolution devices show a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.6 % and a peak power efficiency (PE) of 20.63 lm/W, both of which significantly exceed the performance of the control device (EQE = 14.6 %, PE = 10.54 lm/W).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107328
Pengkun Xia , Nouman Ahmad , Chao Tang , Zhaolin Na , Xiaohui Gao , Shengxiang Huang , Lianwen Deng
Developing luminescent materials with tunable and reversible fluorescence remains challenging, as it requires stable, responsive, and versatile systems capable of switching emission states under precise stimuli. Herein, we prepared carbon quantum dots (CDs) by using 2-aniline-3-methyl-6-(dibutylamine) fluoroalkane as raw material. The optical characterization showed the parent CDs presented a cyan fluorescence resulted from the surface oxidative functional groups dominating the low-energy transitions. Interestingly, stimulated by various acids, this fluorescence phenomenon can be changed into yellow, no matter in aqueous solution or solid state. It can be explained by the fact that H+ reduces oxidized surface groups such as nitro to amino groups, creating new emissive traps. Based on this, a reversible dual-switch mode luminescent ink was demonstrated for advanced anti-counterfeiting and dual encryption.
{"title":"H+-triggered solid-state fluorescence of carbon dots for dual anti-counterfeiting","authors":"Pengkun Xia , Nouman Ahmad , Chao Tang , Zhaolin Na , Xiaohui Gao , Shengxiang Huang , Lianwen Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing luminescent materials with tunable and reversible fluorescence remains challenging, as it requires stable, responsive, and versatile systems capable of switching emission states under precise stimuli. Herein, we prepared carbon quantum dots (CDs) by using 2-aniline-3-methyl-6-(dibutylamine) fluoroalkane as raw material. The optical characterization showed the parent CDs presented a cyan fluorescence resulted from the surface oxidative functional groups dominating the low-energy transitions. Interestingly, stimulated by various acids, this fluorescence phenomenon can be changed into yellow, no matter in aqueous solution or solid state. It can be explained by the fact that H<sup>+</sup> reduces oxidized surface groups such as nitro to amino groups, creating new emissive traps. Based on this, a reversible dual-switch mode luminescent ink was demonstrated for advanced anti-counterfeiting and dual encryption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107327
Mengmeng Zhang , Yafei Xie , Qianqian Gu , Xiaolin Hu , Jintao Wang , Liping Yang , Ren Sheng , Ping Chen
Realizing highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with low efficiency roll-off through exciplex systems remains challenging due to mismatched transport property between donor and acceptor. Herein, a novel exciplex co-host system constructed by 1,1-Bis[(di-4-tolylamino) phenyl] cyclohexane (TAPC) and 2,4-diphenyl-6-(9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluoren]-3-yl)-1,3,5-Triazine (SF3-TRZ) is applied to design simplified orange and white OLEDs with high efficiency and low efficiency roll-offs. The result orange phosphorescent OLED is realized by doping orange dopant into exciplex host, demonstrating outstanding characteristics with a maximum current efficiency of 81.3 cd/A and a maximum power efficiency of 84.7 lm/W. By further inserting a blue emitting layer, the white OLED with stable spectra achieves a current efficiency of 62.1 cd/A with an extremely low roll-off, which represents one of the smallest values reported for exciplex co-host white OLEDs. The superior performance of the device is attributed to the balanced carriers transport and the simplified architecture design. The architecture provides a promising solution for developing high-performance OLEDs toward practical solid-state lighting applications.
{"title":"Highly efficient orange and white organic light-emitting diodes with low efficiency roll-off based on a novel exciplex host","authors":"Mengmeng Zhang , Yafei Xie , Qianqian Gu , Xiaolin Hu , Jintao Wang , Liping Yang , Ren Sheng , Ping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Realizing highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with low efficiency roll-off through exciplex systems remains challenging due to mismatched transport property between donor and acceptor. Herein, a novel exciplex co-host system constructed by 1,1-Bis[(di-4-tolylamino) phenyl] cyclohexane (TAPC) and 2,4-diphenyl-6-(9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluoren]-3-yl)-1,3,5-Triazine (SF3-TRZ) is applied to design simplified orange and white OLEDs with high efficiency and low efficiency roll-offs. The result orange phosphorescent OLED is realized by doping orange dopant into exciplex host, demonstrating outstanding characteristics with a maximum current efficiency of 81.3 cd/A and a maximum power efficiency of 84.7 lm/W. By further inserting a blue emitting layer, the white OLED with stable spectra achieves a current efficiency of 62.1 cd/A with an extremely low roll-off, which represents one of the smallest values reported for exciplex co-host white OLEDs. The superior performance of the device is attributed to the balanced carriers transport and the simplified architecture design. The architecture provides a promising solution for developing high-performance OLEDs toward practical solid-state lighting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107325
Beining Wang , Tianyu Huang , Junhao Song , Chenghuan Chen , Yuxuan Wang , István Bíró , Gusztáv Fekete , Hai-Qiao Wang
Organic solar cells (OSCs), characterized by their lightweight, flexibility, solution-processability for large-area fabrication, and low cost, exhibit significant complementary advantages to silicon-based photovoltaics, positioning them as a cutting-edge research frontier in clean energy. Among emerging architectures, small-molecule donor/polymer acceptor (SDPA)-based OSCs have attracted considerable attention due to their unique active layer stability, particularly their ability to maintain optimized phase-separated morphology under high-temperature conditions (>85 °C), offering potential to overcome the stability bottleneck in organic photovoltaic industrialization. However, the current record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of SDPA-OSCs remains at 12.1 %, significantly lagging behind mainstream bulk heterojunction systems (PCE >20 %). To advance the efficiency of SDPA-OSCs, extensive efforts have been devoted to optimizing materials, device engineering, and processing techniques. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in SDPA-OSCs from the perspectives of device architecture and active layer processing. Key focus areas include the impact of device structure engineering (conventional vs. inverted configurations) and active layer fabrication strategies (bulk heterojunction solution-coating and layer-by-layer deposition techniques) on charge carrier transport and device performance. By establishing robust "material structure–morphology–device performance" correlations, this work provides critical insights and technical references for developing high-efficiency SDPA-OSCs. Furthermore, future research directions and challenges in material innovation, morphology control, and scalable manufacturing are discussed to guide the advancement of SDPA-based organic photovoltaics.
{"title":"Research progress in small-molecule donor-polymer acceptor organic photovoltaic cells","authors":"Beining Wang , Tianyu Huang , Junhao Song , Chenghuan Chen , Yuxuan Wang , István Bíró , Gusztáv Fekete , Hai-Qiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic solar cells (OSCs), characterized by their lightweight, flexibility, solution-processability for large-area fabrication, and low cost, exhibit significant complementary advantages to silicon-based photovoltaics, positioning them as a cutting-edge research frontier in clean energy. Among emerging architectures, small-molecule donor/polymer acceptor (SDPA)-based OSCs have attracted considerable attention due to their unique active layer stability, particularly their ability to maintain optimized phase-separated morphology under high-temperature conditions (>85 °C), offering potential to overcome the stability bottleneck in organic photovoltaic industrialization. However, the current record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of SDPA-OSCs remains at 12.1 %, significantly lagging behind mainstream bulk heterojunction systems (PCE >20 %). To advance the efficiency of SDPA-OSCs, extensive efforts have been devoted to optimizing materials, device engineering, and processing techniques. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in SDPA-OSCs from the perspectives of device architecture and active layer processing. Key focus areas include the impact of device structure engineering (conventional vs. inverted configurations) and active layer fabrication strategies (bulk heterojunction solution-coating and layer-by-layer deposition techniques) on charge carrier transport and device performance. By establishing robust \"material structure–morphology–device performance\" correlations, this work provides critical insights and technical references for developing high-efficiency SDPA-OSCs. Furthermore, future research directions and challenges in material innovation, morphology control, and scalable manufacturing are discussed to guide the advancement of SDPA-based organic photovoltaics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107326
Lu Zhou , Chao Zuo , Bin Du , Jie Min , Yang Wang , Xiangchun Li , Wen-Yong Lai
Most of non-fullerene acceptors used in organic solar cells are synthesized through cross-coupling reactions, which require expensive transition metal catalysts, harsh reaction conditions and complex purification processes, making large-scale production high cost. Here, two azomethine-based perylene diimides (PDIs) are designed and synthesized through a simple and economical Schiff base condensation reaction with water as the only by-product. As the non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells, power conversion efficiencies exceeding 4.3 % were reached. Furthermore, the cost estimations show that the material cost of azomethine-based PDIs is about two orders of magnitude lower. In addition, the synthesis of azomethine-based PDIs also reduces the toxic chemical waste, thus greatly reducing the environmental impact. Our results pave the way for low-cost, environmentally friendly and efficient non-fullerene acceptors.
{"title":"Enhanced photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells with low cost azomethine-based non-fullerene acceptors","authors":"Lu Zhou , Chao Zuo , Bin Du , Jie Min , Yang Wang , Xiangchun Li , Wen-Yong Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of non-fullerene acceptors used in organic solar cells are synthesized through cross-coupling reactions, which require expensive transition metal catalysts, harsh reaction conditions and complex purification processes, making large-scale production high cost. Here, two azomethine-based perylene diimides (PDIs) are designed and synthesized through a simple and economical Schiff base condensation reaction with water as the only by-product. As the non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells, power conversion efficiencies exceeding 4.3 % were reached. Furthermore, the cost estimations show that the material cost of azomethine-based PDIs is about two orders of magnitude lower. In addition, the synthesis of azomethine-based PDIs also reduces the toxic chemical waste, thus greatly reducing the environmental impact. Our results pave the way for low-cost, environmentally friendly and efficient non-fullerene acceptors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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