Pub Date : 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107306
Minso Kim, Sojin Lee, Kihyon Hong
Solution-processed electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) offer several advantages, including low operating voltage, high drain current levels, and versatile processability. For EGTs utilizing polymer semiconductors, the device's electrical properties are significantly influenced by the surface morphology and microstructure of the polymer film. One way to improve the film properties is employing solvent additive to polymer precursor solution. Terpineol has been a widely used additive in poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) precursor solution. In this work, we systematically investigated the effect of terpineol additive on P3HT film morphology and electrical performance of EGTs. The P3HT film, formed via spin-coating from this modified precursor solution, exhibited a dense and continuous morphology. Transistors fabricated with this solvent additive demonstrated improved electrical performance, with mobility increasing from 1.22 to 1.62 cm2V−1s−1 for a 1.54 % additive content. This investigation provides insights into the influence of high boiling point additives on the morphology of polymer semiconductor films and serves as a guide to aid in the use of such additives within EGTs and other electrical devices.
{"title":"The role of terpineol additive in poly(3-hexylthiophene) films for enhanced performance of electrolyte gated transistors","authors":"Minso Kim, Sojin Lee, Kihyon Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solution-processed electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) offer several advantages, including low operating voltage, high drain current levels, and versatile processability. For EGTs utilizing polymer semiconductors, the device's electrical properties are significantly influenced by the surface morphology and microstructure of the polymer film. One way to improve the film properties is employing solvent additive to polymer precursor solution. Terpineol has been a widely used additive in poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) precursor solution. In this work, we systematically investigated the effect of terpineol additive on P3HT film morphology and electrical performance of EGTs. The P3HT film, formed via spin-coating from this modified precursor solution, exhibited a dense and continuous morphology. Transistors fabricated with this solvent additive demonstrated improved electrical performance, with mobility increasing from 1.22 to 1.62 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup> for a 1.54 % additive content. This investigation provides insights into the influence of high boiling point additives on the morphology of polymer semiconductor films and serves as a guide to aid in the use of such additives within EGTs and other electrical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107304
Talal M. Althagafi , Mudassir Hussain Tahir , Sumaira Naeem , Fatimah Mohammed A. Alzahrani , M.S. Al-Buriahi
The current study uses machine learning (ML) to estimate the UV/visible absorption maxima. There are four ML models that are tested. Random Forest model is the best model due to smallest difference between the r-squared values for the training set and test set. Important features are also researched. Python-based tools are used to generate and visualise new chemical compounds, totalling twenty thousand. Predicted UV/visible absorption maxima values are used to screen organic substances. Red-shifted absorption organic molecules are chosen. Analysis of synthetic accessibility scores has indicated that synthesis of large percentage of selected compounds will be easy.
{"title":"Prediction of UV/visible absorption maxima of organic compounds in dichloromethane and database generation of organic compounds with red-shifted absorption maxima","authors":"Talal M. Althagafi , Mudassir Hussain Tahir , Sumaira Naeem , Fatimah Mohammed A. Alzahrani , M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study uses machine learning (ML) to estimate the UV/visible absorption maxima. There are four ML models that are tested. Random Forest model is the best model due to smallest difference between the r-squared values for the training set and test set. Important features are also researched. Python-based tools are used to generate and visualise new chemical compounds, totalling twenty thousand. Predicted UV/visible absorption maxima values are used to screen organic substances. Red-shifted absorption organic molecules are chosen. Analysis of synthetic accessibility scores has indicated that synthesis of large percentage of selected compounds will be easy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The early detection of ovarian and skin tumors remains a significant challenge due to the limitations of current imaging techniques in sensitivity, specificity, and accessibility. Photodynamic detection (PDD), employing photosensitizers activated by light to identify malignant tissues, offers a promising non-invasive solution. In this study, we present a novel approach that integrates highly-efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as compact, tunable light sources for photodynamic tumor detection. Unlike conventional systems that rely on inorganic LEDs, OLEDs offer advantages such as mechanical flexibility, wavelength specificity, low operating voltage, and facile integration into wearable or endoscopic devices. Simulation results indicated that the device with emitter doped in host materials shows 28 % higher recombination rate and 31 % higher current density as compared with neat emitter-based OLED. Following these simulations, the solution-processed devices were fabricated using the optimized architecture. The fabricated TADF OLEDs were characterized for their optical and electrical properties, revealing a high external quantum efficiency of 9.0 %, brightness of 6192 cd/m2, and power efficiency of 26.7 lm/W, which depicts accurate and precise biomarkers for the detection of non-invasive cancers. This study further demonstrated the potential role of these TADF OLEDs in cancer detection, specifically for identifying ovarian and skin cancer biomarkers, was revealed. A healthy person can be distinguished from an ovarian cancer patient based on the shifter fluorescence produced by their urine and from a skin cancer patient based on the fluorescence transmitted through the skin. These results demonstrate that doped carbazole-based TADF OLED displays higher performance, making them a promising candidate for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Highly-efficient TADF OLEDs for photodynamic detection of ovarian and skin tumors","authors":"Rajesh Kumar Tiwari , Sanjay Kumar Sharma , Rajesh Mishra , Mangey Ram Nagar","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early detection of ovarian and skin tumors remains a significant challenge due to the limitations of current imaging techniques in sensitivity, specificity, and accessibility. Photodynamic detection (PDD), employing photosensitizers activated by light to identify malignant tissues, offers a promising non-invasive solution. In this study, we present a novel approach that integrates highly-efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as compact, tunable light sources for photodynamic tumor detection. Unlike conventional systems that rely on inorganic LEDs, OLEDs offer advantages such as mechanical flexibility, wavelength specificity, low operating voltage, and facile integration into wearable or endoscopic devices. Simulation results indicated that the device with emitter doped in host materials shows 28 % higher recombination rate and 31 % higher current density as compared with neat emitter-based OLED. Following these simulations, the solution-processed devices were fabricated using the optimized architecture. The fabricated TADF OLEDs were characterized for their optical and electrical properties, revealing a high external quantum efficiency of 9.0 %, brightness of 6192 cd/m<sup>2</sup>, and power efficiency of 26.7 lm/W, which depicts accurate and precise biomarkers for the detection of non-invasive cancers. This study further demonstrated the potential role of these TADF OLEDs in cancer detection, specifically for identifying ovarian and skin cancer biomarkers, was revealed. A healthy person can be distinguished from an ovarian cancer patient based on the shifter fluorescence produced by their urine and from a skin cancer patient based on the fluorescence transmitted through the skin. These results demonstrate that doped carbazole-based TADF OLED displays higher performance, making them a promising candidate for biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107302
Benjamin Nketia-Yawson, Jea Woong Jo
Solution-processable organic semiconductors present excellent structural tunability, enabling the regulation of their electrical characteristics through doping and additive engineering. In this study, we demonstrate charge transport enhancement in n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with hydroxylamine (HoA) additives. The PCBM OFETs with optimized HoA content exhibited electron mobility enhanced by over twofold compared to that of pristine devices, along with a substantial negative shift in threshold voltage. These improvements would be attributed to interface trap reduction, originating from the synergistic hydrogen-bonding interaction between the PCBM and HoA additives. These findings suggest that the inclusion of HoA additives in n-type organic semiconductors can significantly enhance the electron transport properties of n-type organic transistors and related devices.
{"title":"Hydroxylamine additive enabled interface trap reduction for enhanced fullerene-based n-type organic transistors","authors":"Benjamin Nketia-Yawson, Jea Woong Jo","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solution-processable organic semiconductors present excellent structural tunability, enabling the regulation of their electrical characteristics through doping and additive engineering. In this study, we demonstrate charge transport enhancement in n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with hydroxylamine (HoA) additives. The PCBM OFETs with optimized HoA content exhibited electron mobility enhanced by over twofold compared to that of pristine devices, along with a substantial negative shift in threshold voltage. These improvements would be attributed to interface trap reduction, originating from the synergistic hydrogen-bonding interaction between the PCBM and HoA additives. These findings suggest that the inclusion of HoA additives in n-type organic semiconductors can significantly enhance the electron transport properties of n-type organic transistors and related devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107296
Daiki Tomita, Ryo Ishikawa
The use of self-assembled materials (SAM) in the hole transport layer (HTL) of inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been a subject of growing interest. This is mainly due to their ability to achieve high HTL coverage with minimal film thickness, even on rough substrates, and to reduce the perovskite interface energy barrier. However, a common issue is a reduction in perovskite layer coverage on SAM. A novel one-step simultaneous co-formation of the p-i layer has been proposed to address this, involving the addition of SAM to the perovskite precursor solution.
This investigation explores the morphology and the physical properties of perovskite thin films produced using the one-step formation of the p-i layer without antisolvent, with the recently developed multipodal molecule[[5H-diindolo[3,2-a:3′,2′-c]carbazole-5,10,15-triyl]tris(propane-3,1-diyl)] trisphosphonic acid(3PATAT-C3), which exhibits a face-on molecular orientation. Results demonstrated that introducing 3PATAT-C3 into the perovskite precursor solution yielded improvements in passivation and promoted charge extraction.
The PSCs utilizing the one-step p-i co-deposition exhibited a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4 % and a fill factor of 78.7 %. These results outperformed the reference devices fabricated by depositing perovskite on SAM. Furthermore, statistical analyses indicate that hysteresis in current density–voltage curves has been reduced. These outcomes suggest that the one-step p-i co-deposition technique matches and potentially surpasses the performance of traditionally manufactured cells. Moreover, it achieves this with fewer fabrication steps, thereby representing a substantial advancement toward its commercial viability, instilling hope for the future of solar cell technology.
{"title":"One-step Co-fabrication of tripod self-organized hole transport and perovskite layers for perovskite solar cells","authors":"Daiki Tomita, Ryo Ishikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of self-assembled materials (SAM) in the hole transport layer (HTL) of inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been a subject of growing interest. This is mainly due to their ability to achieve high HTL coverage with minimal film thickness, even on rough substrates, and to reduce the perovskite interface energy barrier. However, a common issue is a reduction in perovskite layer coverage on SAM. A novel one-step simultaneous co-formation of the p-i layer has been proposed to address this, involving the addition of SAM to the perovskite precursor solution.</div><div>This investigation explores the morphology and the physical properties of perovskite thin films produced using the one-step formation of the p-i layer without antisolvent, with the recently developed multipodal molecule[[5H-diindolo[3,2-a:3′,2′-c]carbazole-5,10,15-triyl]tris(propane-3,1-diyl)] trisphosphonic acid(3PATAT-C3), which exhibits a face-on molecular orientation. Results demonstrated that introducing 3PATAT-C3 into the perovskite precursor solution yielded improvements in passivation and promoted charge extraction.</div><div>The PSCs utilizing the one-step p-i co-deposition exhibited a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4 % and a fill factor of 78.7 %. These results outperformed the reference devices fabricated by depositing perovskite on SAM. Furthermore, statistical analyses indicate that hysteresis in current density–voltage curves has been reduced. These outcomes suggest that the one-step p-i co-deposition technique matches and potentially surpasses the performance of traditionally manufactured cells. Moreover, it achieves this with fewer fabrication steps, thereby representing a substantial advancement toward its commercial viability, instilling hope for the future of solar cell technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107295
Jiaqiang Zhu , Yubo Geng , Ying Han , Haoyuan Li
Understanding charge transport in organic semiconductor films is essential for optimizing organic electronic devices. Organic films often exhibit complex morphologies, consisting of crystalline and amorphous phases, which significantly affect charge carrier distribution and transport. Moreover, film morphologies evolve under operational conditions, especially in flexible devices that are subjected to mechanical stress. Here, we investigated the relationship between charge-carrier distribution and film morphology in organic films based on device-level simulations. A Monte Carlo method for morphology generation and master equation simulations were employed to obtain steady-state charge-carrier densities. Our results showed a strong correlation between local charge density and local crystallinity near the injecting electrode in hole-only devices. However, this correlation diminishes between the electrodes and near the collecting electrode. Additionally, the strength of the correlation is dependent on the grain size, the observation length, the energy-level difference between phases, and the applied voltage; these phenomena revealed the detailed features of nonuniform charge-transport pathways in organic films. These findings provide insights into the relationship between film morphology and charge transport, informing the optimization of organic electronic devices, particularly flexible ones that operate under mechanical stress.
{"title":"Correlation between charge-carrier distribution and local crystallinity in organic films","authors":"Jiaqiang Zhu , Yubo Geng , Ying Han , Haoyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding charge transport in organic semiconductor films is essential for optimizing organic electronic devices. Organic films often exhibit complex morphologies, consisting of crystalline and amorphous phases, which significantly affect charge carrier distribution and transport. Moreover, film morphologies evolve under operational conditions, especially in flexible devices that are subjected to mechanical stress. Here, we investigated the relationship between charge-carrier distribution and film morphology in organic films based on device-level simulations. A Monte Carlo method for morphology generation and master equation simulations were employed to obtain steady-state charge-carrier densities. Our results showed a strong correlation between local charge density and local crystallinity near the injecting electrode in hole-only devices. However, this correlation diminishes between the electrodes and near the collecting electrode. Additionally, the strength of the correlation is dependent on the grain size, the observation length, the energy-level difference between phases, and the applied voltage; these phenomena revealed the detailed features of nonuniform charge-transport pathways in organic films. These findings provide insights into the relationship between film morphology and charge transport, informing the optimization of organic electronic devices, particularly flexible ones that operate under mechanical stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107291
Talal M. Althagafi , Fatimah Mohammed A. Alzahrani , M.S. Al-Buriahi , Asif Mahmood
The development of efficient dyes for organic electronic devices, requires the careful design of molecular structures with optimal electronic and photophysical properties. In this study, we employ machine learning (ML) to assist in the design and optimization of phenothiazine and phenoxazine-based dyes, which are promising candidates for these applications due to their tunable electronic properties. 5k phenothiazine and phenoxazine-based dyes are designed and ML models are used to predict their absorption maxima values. 30 promising candidates with red-shifted are selected. All the selected dyes have phenothiazine group. The results highlight the potential of ML-assisted design to accelerate the discovery of high-performance dyes for use in next-generation optoelectronic devices. Our findings provide a roadmap for future efforts in the design of organic dyes, with potential applications.
{"title":"Machine learning assisted designing of phenothiazine and phenoxazine-based dyes. Database generation and property prediction","authors":"Talal M. Althagafi , Fatimah Mohammed A. Alzahrani , M.S. Al-Buriahi , Asif Mahmood","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient dyes for organic electronic devices, requires the careful design of molecular structures with optimal electronic and photophysical properties. In this study, we employ machine learning (ML) to assist in the design and optimization of phenothiazine and phenoxazine-based dyes, which are promising candidates for these applications due to their tunable electronic properties. 5k phenothiazine and phenoxazine-based dyes are designed and ML models are used to predict their absorption maxima values. 30 promising candidates with red-shifted are selected. All the selected dyes have phenothiazine group. The results highlight the potential of ML-assisted design to accelerate the discovery of high-performance dyes for use in next-generation optoelectronic devices. Our findings provide a roadmap for future efforts in the design of organic dyes, with potential applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107292
Hao-Che Kao , Jia-Fan Wu , Jhao-Cheng Lu , Kuan-Hsun Wang , Kuan-Wei Chen , Chia-Chen Chung , Chung-Chih Wu , Chih-Hao Chang
Neonatal jaundice, caused by bilirubin accumulation due to liver immaturity, requires blue light phototherapy for effective treatment. Conventional LED-based systems are limited by their narrow spectral width, potential thermal hazards, and the requirement to separate infants from caregivers. By integrating pure-blue fluorescent (BCzVBi) and sky-blue phosphorescent (FIrpic) emitters into a tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structure, we developed blue OLEDs with a broad emission spectrum (430–530 nm) that better aligns with the bilirubin absorption band. The devices achieve a sufficient spectral power density (10–30 μW/cm2/nm) while maintaining surface temperatures well below 42 °C, making them well-suited for wearable applications. Emission profiles and doping concentrations were optimized to broaden the EL spectra. Thermal tests confirmed stable and safe operation under driving voltages of 13–14 V. The developed tandem OLEDs, featuring both a broad spectrum and high efficiency, represent a promising alternative to conventional LEDs for safer and more effective phototherapy of neonatal jaundice.
{"title":"Blue-emitting OLED with a broad spectral profile for phototherapy light source of neonatal jaundice","authors":"Hao-Che Kao , Jia-Fan Wu , Jhao-Cheng Lu , Kuan-Hsun Wang , Kuan-Wei Chen , Chia-Chen Chung , Chung-Chih Wu , Chih-Hao Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neonatal jaundice, caused by bilirubin accumulation due to liver immaturity, requires blue light phototherapy for effective treatment. Conventional LED-based systems are limited by their narrow spectral width, potential thermal hazards, and the requirement to separate infants from caregivers. By integrating pure-blue fluorescent (BCzVBi) and sky-blue phosphorescent (FIrpic) emitters into a tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structure, we developed blue OLEDs with a broad emission spectrum (430–530 nm) that better aligns with the bilirubin absorption band. The devices achieve a sufficient spectral power density (10–30 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>/nm) while maintaining surface temperatures well below 42 °C, making them well-suited for wearable applications. Emission profiles and doping concentrations were optimized to broaden the EL spectra. Thermal tests confirmed stable and safe operation under driving voltages of 13–14 V. The developed tandem OLEDs, featuring both a broad spectrum and high efficiency, represent a promising alternative to conventional LEDs for safer and more effective phototherapy of neonatal jaundice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pervading the modern electronics landscape, organic synaptic transistors (OSTs) have emerged as a forefront device candidate for advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) systems. This paper reports OSTs as highly sensitive dosimeters which also emulate human tissue properties and cognitive functions. Fabricated OSTs exhibit excellent p-channel transistor characteristics with field-effect mobility of 0.21 (±0.03) cm2V−1s−1 and on-off current ratio on the order of 103 for −10 V operation. The OSTs demonstrate short-term plasticity (STP) through behaviors such as pulse paired facilitation (PPF) and spike number dependent plasticity (SNDP). Notably, the relaxation time constants derived from PPF behavior, combined with an energy consumption per stimuli of ∼10 pJ, closely mimic those observed in human synapses. Moreover, by integrating the synaptic weights derived from the fabricated devices, artificial neural network (ANN) achieves a handwritten digit recognition accuracy exceeding 99.4 %. These OSTs exhibit negligible changes in on current and mobility after being irradiated, but a linearly varying shift in threshold voltage, suitable for detecting γ-radiation exposure. An impressive sensitivity (∼5 mV/rad) to γ-radiation exposure under radiation amount similar to the values used for treatment of tumors. Our results indicate that these flexible OSTs have the potential to be utilized as smart and intelligent radiation sensors for applications such as medical imaging, radiation therapy, and portable dosimeters for emergency responders and armed forces.
{"title":"Multifunctional organic synaptic transistors for tissue-equivalent dosimetry","authors":"Somnath Bhattacharjee , Naresh Jingar , Shree Prakash Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pervading the modern electronics landscape, organic synaptic transistors (OSTs) have emerged as a forefront device candidate for advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) systems. This paper reports OSTs as highly sensitive dosimeters which also emulate human tissue properties and cognitive functions. Fabricated OSTs exhibit excellent p-channel transistor characteristics with field-effect mobility of 0.21 (±0.03) cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup> and on-off current ratio on the order of 10<sup>3</sup> for −10 V operation. The OSTs demonstrate short-term plasticity (STP) through behaviors such as pulse paired facilitation (PPF) and spike number dependent plasticity (SNDP). Notably, the relaxation time constants derived from PPF behavior, combined with an energy consumption per stimuli of ∼10 pJ, closely mimic those observed in human synapses. Moreover, by integrating the synaptic weights derived from the fabricated devices, artificial neural network (ANN) achieves a handwritten digit recognition accuracy exceeding 99.4 %. These OSTs exhibit negligible changes in on current and mobility after being irradiated, but a linearly varying shift in threshold voltage, suitable for detecting γ-radiation exposure. An impressive sensitivity (∼5 mV/rad) to γ-radiation exposure under radiation amount similar to the values used for treatment of tumors. Our results indicate that these flexible OSTs have the potential to be utilized as smart and intelligent radiation sensors for applications such as medical imaging, radiation therapy, and portable dosimeters for emergency responders and armed forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107290
Chuanming Sun, Huifang Liu, Jiaqi Wang, Guangkun Shan, Teng Ren
Flexible piezoelectric sensors hold great promise for human motion monitoring; however, achieving high sensitivity, rapid response, and excellent stability remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/zinc oxide (ZnO)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) piezoelectric composite film was fabricated using near-field electrohydrodynamic direct-writing (NFEDW) technology. By optimizing the material composition, the PVDF/ZnO/0.5 wt% MWCNT composite exhibited outstanding piezoelectric performance, with a high sensitivity of 560 mV/N and a fast response time of 5.57 ms, enabling the rapid and accurate detection of external mechanical stimuli. The sensor demonstrated excellent signal stability during a 6000-s cyclic vibration test, confirming its long-term reliability. Furthermore, the sensor can precisely capture subtle physiological signals, showcasing its significant potential for human motion monitoring applications. This study provides a new strategy for designing high-performance flexible piezoelectric sensors and advances their practical applications in intelligent sensing systems.
{"title":"Flexible piezoelectric sensor based on PVDF/ZnO/MWCNT composites for human motion monitoring","authors":"Chuanming Sun, Huifang Liu, Jiaqi Wang, Guangkun Shan, Teng Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible piezoelectric sensors hold great promise for human motion monitoring; however, achieving high sensitivity, rapid response, and excellent stability remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/zinc oxide (ZnO)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) piezoelectric composite film was fabricated using near-field electrohydrodynamic direct-writing (NFEDW) technology. By optimizing the material composition, the PVDF/ZnO/0.5 wt% MWCNT composite exhibited outstanding piezoelectric performance, with a high sensitivity of 560 mV/N and a fast response time of 5.57 ms, enabling the rapid and accurate detection of external mechanical stimuli. The sensor demonstrated excellent signal stability during a 6000-s cyclic vibration test, confirming its long-term reliability. Furthermore, the sensor can precisely capture subtle physiological signals, showcasing its significant potential for human motion monitoring applications. This study provides a new strategy for designing high-performance flexible piezoelectric sensors and advances their practical applications in intelligent sensing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号