Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107385
Aliya A. Arishi, W. Shirbeeny
This study presents a rigorous numerical investigation into the performance limits of lead-free Cs2BiAgI6 double perovskite solar cells using the wxAMPS framework. We analyze an n–i–p architecture consisting of ITO/ZnO/Cs2BiAgI6/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au. To identify the optimal spatial balance between photogeneration and charge transport, the thicknesses of the Cs2BiAgI6 absorber and the Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer were systematically varied to 0.1 μm and 0.9 μm, respectively, while maintaining a constant total device thickness of 1.55 μm. The results reveal a distinct non-linear relationship between layer thickness and power conversion efficiency, driven by the physical tradeoff between optical absorption volume and carrier recombination rates. An optimized configuration featuring a 0.4 μm absorber and a 0.6 μm hole transport layer yielded a peak efficiency of 27.2 %. These findings provide a theoretical benchmark for the structural design of high-efficiency, lead-free double perovskite photovoltaics, highlighting the necessity of precise thickness control to mitigate bulk recombination losses.
{"title":"The Cs2BiAgI6 advantage: Interplay of thickness and recombination for high-performance double perovskite solar cells","authors":"Aliya A. Arishi, W. Shirbeeny","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a rigorous numerical investigation into the performance limits of lead-free <em>Cs</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>BiAgI</em><sub><em>6</em></sub> double perovskite solar cells using the wxAMPS framework. We analyze an n–i–p architecture consisting of <em>ITO/ZnO/Cs</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>BiAgI</em><sub><em>6</em></sub><em>/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au</em>. To identify the optimal spatial balance between photogeneration and charge transport, the thicknesses of the Cs2BiAgI6 absorber and the Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer were systematically varied to 0.1 μm and 0.9 μm, respectively, while maintaining a constant total device thickness of 1.55 μm. The results reveal a distinct non-linear relationship between layer thickness and power conversion efficiency, driven by the physical tradeoff between optical absorption volume and carrier recombination rates. An optimized configuration featuring a 0.4 μm absorber and a 0.6 μm hole transport layer yielded a peak efficiency of 27.2 %. These findings provide a theoretical benchmark for the structural design of high-efficiency, lead-free double perovskite photovoltaics, highlighting the necessity of precise thickness control to mitigate bulk recombination losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107386
Jun-ichi Takahashi
This corrigendum corrects key errors in carrier distribution equations for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). Revised expressions clarify hole accumulation in OLEDs and match impedance spectroscopy data, improving theoretical consistency and modeling accuracy.
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Theory of carrier accumulation in organic heterojunctions.” and “Carrier accumulation in organic heterojunctions controlled by polarization”","authors":"Jun-ichi Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This corrigendum corrects key errors in carrier distribution equations for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). Revised expressions clarify hole accumulation in OLEDs and match impedance spectroscopy data, improving theoretical consistency and modeling accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107384
Yannan Lu , Al Jumlat Ahmed , Daniel Liang , Xingdong Wang , David James Young
The conductive polymer polyethylenedioxythiophene doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most studied organic thermoelectric materials thanks to its low cost, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. There are conflicting explanations for the changed morphology and the phase segregation of PEDOT and PSS that leads to improved TE performance through alleviating the trade-off between electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient (thermoelectric voltage in response to temperature difference). In the study, we demonstrated the TE properties of PEDOT:PSS films were improved by a simple process of sequential hydrothermal annealing and soaking in water, resulting in a simultaneous increase in both electrical conductivity (σ) and Seebeck coefficient (S). The optimized conductivity σ and Seebeck coefficient were ∼1100 S cm−1 and ∼25 μV K−1, respectively, corresponding to a power factor (PF) of ∼70 μW m−1 K− 2. Hydrothermal annealing led to a conformational change from a core-shell structure to inter-bridging PEDOT-rich fibres. Soaking minimised the hydrophilic dopant PSS volume that inhibits charge transport. This two-step treatment changed the PEDOT:PSS thin films from hygroscopic to hydrophobic, and increased charge carrier mobility by the removal of PSS-rich regions, phase separation, and conformational and morphological change. The mechanism behind this that improved Seebeck coefficient is attributed to a more ordered structure and increased mobility due to physical dedoping, rather than a change in carrier concentration or doping level. This protocol permits tailoring of thermoelectric performance and charge transport employing a more biocompatible treatment that is suitable for mass-production of biocompatible, low-cost biosensors and large-area thermoelectric power generators.
{"title":"The role of water in tailoring thermoelectric PEDOT:PSS films","authors":"Yannan Lu , Al Jumlat Ahmed , Daniel Liang , Xingdong Wang , David James Young","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conductive polymer polyethylenedioxythiophene doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most studied organic thermoelectric materials thanks to its low cost, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. There are conflicting explanations for the changed morphology and the phase segregation of PEDOT and PSS that leads to improved TE performance through alleviating the trade-off between electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient (thermoelectric voltage in response to temperature difference). In the study, we demonstrated the TE properties of PEDOT:PSS films were improved by a simple process of sequential hydrothermal annealing and soaking in water, resulting in a simultaneous increase in both electrical conductivity (σ) and Seebeck coefficient (S). The optimized conductivity σ and Seebeck coefficient were ∼1100 S cm<sup>−1</sup> and ∼25 μV K<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, corresponding to a power factor (PF) of ∼70 μW m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>− 2</sup>. Hydrothermal annealing led to a conformational change from a core-shell structure to inter-bridging PEDOT-rich fibres. Soaking minimised the hydrophilic dopant PSS volume that inhibits charge transport. This two-step treatment changed the PEDOT:PSS thin films from hygroscopic to hydrophobic, and increased charge carrier mobility by the removal of PSS-rich regions, phase separation, and conformational and morphological change. The mechanism behind this that improved Seebeck coefficient is attributed to a more ordered structure and increased mobility due to physical dedoping, rather than a change in carrier concentration or doping level. This protocol permits tailoring of thermoelectric performance and charge transport employing a more biocompatible treatment that is suitable for mass-production of biocompatible, low-cost biosensors and large-area thermoelectric power generators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107381
Huiwen Bai , Ting Shen , Mohammad Javad Mirshojaeian Hosseini , Robert A. Nawrocki
The interface between the organic semiconductor (OSC) and the dielectric plays a crucial role in determining the performance of printed Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFETs). Through a geometrical molecule search method, a bifunctional molecule called trimethoxyphenylsilane (TMPS) is discovered. This molecule exhibits strong bonding with both the dielectric and the OSC layers. Introducing TMPS to the OSC/dielectric interface reduces hydroxyl (-OH) defects on the surface of the printed dielectric poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) and simultaneously improves the crystallinity of the organic semiconductors through π-π interactions between conjugated rings. As a result, the electrical characteristics of TMPS-treated printed OFETs are enhanced. As a demonstration, a resistive load inverter and a three-stage ring oscillator are successfully built using TMPS-treated OFETs, demonstrating strong capability for the use in cascaded circuits. This study validates that TMPS can be generalized to simultaneously engineer the interface between dielectrics and organic semiconductors in OFETs.
{"title":"Additively manufactured organic field effect transistor and circuit with bifunctional molecule engineered dielectric/semiconductor interface","authors":"Huiwen Bai , Ting Shen , Mohammad Javad Mirshojaeian Hosseini , Robert A. Nawrocki","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interface between the organic semiconductor (OSC) and the dielectric plays a crucial role in determining the performance of printed Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFETs). Through a geometrical molecule search method, a bifunctional molecule called trimethoxyphenylsilane (TMPS) is discovered. This molecule exhibits strong bonding with both the dielectric and the OSC layers. Introducing TMPS to the OSC/dielectric interface reduces hydroxyl (-OH) defects on the surface of the printed dielectric poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) and simultaneously improves the crystallinity of the organic semiconductors through π-π interactions between conjugated rings. As a result, the electrical characteristics of TMPS-treated printed OFETs are enhanced. As a demonstration, a resistive load inverter and a three-stage ring oscillator are successfully built using TMPS-treated OFETs, demonstrating strong capability for the use in cascaded circuits. This study validates that TMPS can be generalized to simultaneously engineer the interface between dielectrics and organic semiconductors in OFETs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107382
Liping Si , Haoyuan Yin , Cheng Liu , Xuncheng Liu
Conjugated polymers with large bandgaps exhibit exceptional application in organic field-effect transistors (OFET). The OFET performances of cost-effective simple polymers consisting difluorinated quinoxaline remain unexplored. In this work, a long branch 2-decyltetradecyl (DT) side chain was utilized to synthesize two new quinoxaline-based polymers FQT and FQTT with thiophene and thienothiophene as the comonomer, respectively. Due to the multiple intramolecular non-covalent bonding interaction and satisfactory film-forming property, the FQT-based OFET displays a reliable carrier mobility of 0.32 cm2/(V s) with high reliability. Consequently, the results indicate that continuous optimization of quinoxaline-based polymers is essential for the development of high-mobility large-bandgap polymers.
{"title":"The field-effect mobility of fluorinated quinoxaline-based simple polymers with different electron-donating moiety","authors":"Liping Si , Haoyuan Yin , Cheng Liu , Xuncheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conjugated polymers with large bandgaps exhibit exceptional application in organic field-effect transistors (OFET). The OFET performances of cost-effective simple polymers consisting difluorinated quinoxaline remain unexplored. In this work, a long branch 2-decyltetradecyl (DT) side chain was utilized to synthesize two new quinoxaline-based polymers FQT and FQTT with thiophene and thienothiophene as the comonomer, respectively. Due to the multiple intramolecular non-covalent bonding interaction and satisfactory film-forming property, the FQT-based OFET displays a reliable carrier mobility of 0.32 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s) with high reliability. Consequently, the results indicate that continuous optimization of quinoxaline-based polymers is essential for the development of high-mobility large-bandgap polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107383
Abdellateif Okkod, Xiaoming Yang
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, continues to raise concerns when it appears as a residue in water systems, given both its health risks and regulatory restrictions; developing simple and reliable detection strategies is therefore of practical importance. In this work, we designed a dual-emissive carbon dot (CDs) sensor for monitoring traces of chloramphenicol in tap water. The Caron dots were prepared through a one-step hydrothermal synthesis using cyanuric acid and maleic acid; the yielding nanomaterials has strong fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Structural and surface analyses indicated uniform morphology, a crystalline framework that appears stable, and functional surface groups favorable for sensing applications; the optical signals of fluorescence and RTP of the CDs selectively quench in the presence of chloramphenicol. That quenching effect gave us a reliable way to quantify the drug concentration. The detection limits we calculated were 0.016 μM with fluorescence and about 0.028 μM with RTP. When we tried the method on spiked tap water, the recoveries landed between 103.96 % and 98.18 %, with relative standard deviations under 5 %. In practice, that suggests the system is both accurate and reasonably reproducible. The performance here benefits from having two optical readouts instead of one-basically a built-in cross-check, which reduces the chance of false positives. At the same time, it may not yet rival high-end chromatographic techniques in absolute certainty, but it looks like a practical and lower-cost option for routine screening. The dual-signal approach feels especially useful for environmental monitoring, where samples are messy and reliability matters as much as sensitivity.
{"title":"Dual-emissive carbon dots for detection of chloramphenicol in tap water","authors":"Abdellateif Okkod, Xiaoming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, continues to raise concerns when it appears as a residue in water systems, given both its health risks and regulatory restrictions; developing simple and reliable detection strategies is therefore of practical importance. In this work, we designed a dual-emissive carbon dot (CDs) sensor for monitoring traces of chloramphenicol in tap water. The Caron dots were prepared through a one-step hydrothermal synthesis using cyanuric acid and maleic acid; the yielding nanomaterials has strong fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Structural and surface analyses indicated uniform morphology, a crystalline framework that appears stable, and functional surface groups favorable for sensing applications; the optical signals of fluorescence and RTP of the CDs selectively quench in the presence of chloramphenicol. That quenching effect gave us a reliable way to quantify the drug concentration. The detection limits we calculated were 0.016 μM with fluorescence and about 0.028 μM with RTP. When we tried the method on spiked tap water, the recoveries landed between 103.96 % and 98.18 %, with relative standard deviations under 5 %. In practice, that suggests the system is both accurate and reasonably reproducible. The performance here benefits from having two optical readouts instead of one-basically a built-in cross-check, which reduces the chance of false positives. At the same time, it may not yet rival high-end chromatographic techniques in absolute certainty, but it looks like a practical and lower-cost option for routine screening. The dual-signal approach feels especially useful for environmental monitoring, where samples are messy and reliability matters as much as sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107380
Ho-Yeol Park , Jin Soo Yoo , Thippan Manigandan , Liu Guohong, Raja Kumaresan, Sung-Ho Jin
Three novel n-type host materials, 2-(2,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (DPTXMN), 9,9'-(6-(2,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) (DCzTXMN), and 9,9'-(6-(2,5-dimethyl-4-(7-methylquinolin-6-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) (DCzTXMQ) were designed and synthesized as efficient host materials for blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLEDs. The xylene unit in DPTXMN, DCzTXMN, and DCzTXMQ effectively suppressed π-conjugation, leading to high triplet energies (2.78–2.97 eV). Particularly, DCzTXMN, and DCzTXMQ show excellent thermal stability (Tg/Td up to 136/440 °C). OLEDs employing SiCzCz:n-type host (exciplex system) with t-Bu-v-DABNA emitter exhibited efficient blue emission (∼440 nm). The best-performing device, including SiCzCz and DCzTXMQ achieved a maximum EQE of 26.8 % and a current efficiency of 26.2 cd A−1. These results demonstrate that triazine-based n-type hosts incorporating naphthalene or quinoline moieties are promising candidates for next-generation blue TADF OLEDs.
{"title":"Development of triazine-based n-type hosts incorporating naphthalene or quinoline for highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes","authors":"Ho-Yeol Park , Jin Soo Yoo , Thippan Manigandan , Liu Guohong, Raja Kumaresan, Sung-Ho Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three novel n-type host materials, 2-(2,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (DPTXMN), 9,9'-(6-(2,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)<em>bis</em>(9<em>H</em>-carbazole) (DCzTXMN), and 9,9'-(6-(2,5-dimethyl-4-(7-methylquinolin-6-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)<em>bis</em>(9<em>H</em>-carbazole) (DCzTXMQ) were designed and synthesized as efficient host materials for blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLEDs. The xylene unit in DPTXMN, DCzTXMN, and DCzTXMQ effectively suppressed π-conjugation, leading to high triplet energies (2.78–2.97 eV). Particularly, DCzTXMN, and DCzTXMQ show excellent thermal stability (T<sub>g</sub>/T<sub>d</sub> up to 136/440 °C). OLEDs employing SiCzCz:n-type host (exciplex system) with t-Bu-<em>v</em>-DABNA emitter exhibited efficient blue emission (∼440 nm). The best-performing device, including SiCzCz and DCzTXMQ achieved a maximum EQE of 26.8 % and a current efficiency of 26.2 cd A<sup>−1</sup>. These results demonstrate that triazine-based n-type hosts incorporating naphthalene or quinoline moieties are promising candidates for next-generation blue TADF OLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107370
Seth W. McPherson , Yeh-Chuan Chou , Insoo Shin , Stephen A. Maclean , Dmytro Nykypanchuk , Tai-De Li , Chieh-Ting Lin , Jaemin Kong , Jason A. Röhr , André D. Taylor
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Coordination-based doping of MEH-PPV with La(TFSI)3 enables air-free conductivity and stable performance in perovskite solar cells” [Organ. Electron. 148 (2026) 107351]","authors":"Seth W. McPherson , Yeh-Chuan Chou , Insoo Shin , Stephen A. Maclean , Dmytro Nykypanchuk , Tai-De Li , Chieh-Ting Lin , Jaemin Kong , Jason A. Röhr , André D. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report electrode engineering of ambipolar polymer field-effect transistors using a top-gate/bottom-contact architecture with the ambipolar copolymer DPP-DTT. By systematically comparing Au, Ni, and Al/Ti source/drain electrodes, we demonstrate modulation of transistor transport characteristics from ambipolar to unipolar electron transport according to electrode work function and energy barrier alignment. Electron mobility increases significantly from 0.04 to 0.36 cm2 V−1s−1 when switching from Au to Al/Ti electrodes, accompanied by improved threshold voltage, turn-on voltage, and on/off current ratio. Despite similar work functions, Al/Ti electrodes generate higher hole injection barriers and lower electron injection barriers than Ni, effectively suppressing hole current and enabling nearly ideal n-type unipolar operation. Transmission line method analysis confirms reduced contact resistance and enhanced electron injection for Al/Ti electrodes. Integration of optimized n-type transistors with Au-contacted p-type devices result in complementary inverters exhibiting ideal voltage transfer characteristics, high gain (∼51) and optimized noise margin (62 %). These findings highlight the critical role of electrode work function engineering in controlling charge transport polarity and advancing high-performance organic complementary circuits.
{"title":"Electrode engineering for electron and hole injection control in ambipolar polymer transistors toward complementary circuits","authors":"Quanhua Chen , Walid Boukhili , Yong Xu , Dongyoon Khim","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report electrode engineering of ambipolar polymer field-effect transistors using a top-gate/bottom-contact architecture with the ambipolar copolymer DPP-DTT. By systematically comparing Au, Ni, and Al/Ti source/drain electrodes, we demonstrate modulation of transistor transport characteristics from ambipolar to unipolar electron transport according to electrode work function and energy barrier alignment. Electron mobility increases significantly from 0.04 to 0.36 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup> when switching from Au to Al/Ti electrodes, accompanied by improved threshold voltage, turn-on voltage, and on/off current ratio. Despite similar work functions, Al/Ti electrodes generate higher hole injection barriers and lower electron injection barriers than Ni, effectively suppressing hole current and enabling nearly ideal n-type unipolar operation. Transmission line method analysis confirms reduced contact resistance and enhanced electron injection for Al/Ti electrodes. Integration of optimized n-type transistors with Au-contacted p-type devices result in complementary inverters exhibiting ideal voltage transfer characteristics, high gain (∼51) and optimized noise margin (62 %). These findings highlight the critical role of electrode work function engineering in controlling charge transport polarity and advancing high-performance organic complementary circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107372
Chunyan Liu , Zhongyu Yang , Yanfeng Dai , Dongge Ma
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), many factors such as carrier mobility, charge extraction and charge transfer between donors and acceptors and the interfaces between different layers affect the performance of devices. Among them, the interfacial layers play an important role as they determine the efficiency of charge extraction. NiOX is widely used as an effective hole transport layer material in PSCs due to its advantages of good stability, large band gap and deep valence band. However,the reported solution-processed NiOX based PSCs has a relatively low current density (JSC) and open circuit voltage (VOC). In this work, an organic small molecule TAPC with high hole mobility is used to modify the NiOX hole transport layer. It is found that the performance of the devices modified with NiOX hole transport layer has been significantly improved. The obtained maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) is as high as 18.86 % with improved JSC and VOC, and the optimized devices also exhibit better stability.
{"title":"Improving the performance of perovskite solar cells by using organic small molecule as interfacial layers","authors":"Chunyan Liu , Zhongyu Yang , Yanfeng Dai , Dongge Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2026.107372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), many factors such as carrier mobility, charge extraction and charge transfer between donors and acceptors and the interfaces between different layers affect the performance of devices. Among them, the interfacial layers play an important role as they determine the efficiency of charge extraction. NiO<sub>X</sub> is widely used as an effective hole transport layer material in PSCs due to its advantages of good stability, large band gap and deep valence band. However,the reported solution-processed NiO<sub>X</sub> based PSCs has a relatively low current density (<em>J</em><sub>SC</sub>) and open circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub>OC</sub>). In this work, an organic small molecule TAPC with high hole mobility is used to modify the NiO<sub>X</sub> hole transport layer. It is found that the performance of the devices modified with NiO<sub>X</sub> hole transport layer has been significantly improved. The obtained maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) is as high as 18.86 % with improved <em>J</em><sub>SC</sub> and <em>V</em><sub>OC</sub>, and the optimized devices also exhibit better stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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