Organic Electronics最新文献_第5页

Novel integrated reference-counter electrode for electrochemical measurements of HOMO and LUMO levels in small-molecule thin-film semiconductors for OLEDs 用于 OLED 小分子薄膜半导体中 HOMO 和 LUMO 电平电化学测量的新型集成参比对电极

IF 2.7 4区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Organic Electronics

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107152

Sevki C. Cevher, Kurt P. Pernstich

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are a prominent display technology, yet the accurate characterization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels in their constituent materials remains challenging. This study introduces a novel integrated reference-counter electrode (IRCE) assembly, leveraging a gel polymer electrolyte with an embedded silver quasi-reference electrode, facilitating the electrochemical measurement of HOMO and LUMO levels in small molecular thin-film semiconductors. Calibration of the IRCE against ferrocene enables the establishment of an absolute energy scale. Comparative stability tests against a standard Ag/AgNO₃ reference electrode confirm the IRCE's reliability. Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry was performed on prototypical OLED materials, including NPB, TCTA, PO-T2T neat films, and an NPB:PO-T2T exciplex film. While NPB and PO-T2T exhibited stable voltammograms, TCTA showed signs of electropolymerization. Additionally, the HOMO level of the NPB:PO-T2T exciplex was slightly shifted compared to that of NPB, suggesting interactions within the exciplex. The results demonstrated the IRCE's capability to accurately determine frontier energy levels in thin films, paving the way for better device modeling and a better understanding of underlying electronic processes in organic semiconductors.

有机发光二极管（OLED）是一种重要的显示技术，但要准确表征其组成材料中的最高占位分子轨道（HOMO）和最低未占位分子轨道（LUMO）电平仍然具有挑战性。本研究介绍了一种新型集成参比电极（ICE）组件，它利用凝胶聚合物电解质和嵌入式银准参比电极，促进了小分子薄膜半导体中 HOMO 和 LUMO 水平的电化学测量。根据二茂铁对 IRCE 进行校准，可以建立绝对能量标度。与标准银/AgNO3 参比电极的稳定性比较测试证实了 IRCE 的可靠性。使用循环伏安法对原型 OLED 材料进行了电化学表征，包括 NPB、TCTA、PO-T2T 纯薄膜和 NPB:PO-T2T 复合物薄膜。NPB 和 PO-T2T 显示出稳定的伏安图，而 TCTA 则显示出电聚合的迹象。此外，与 NPB 相比，NPB:PO-T2T 复合物的 HOMO 水平略有偏移，这表明复合物内部存在相互作用。结果表明，IRCE 能够准确测定薄膜的前沿能级，为更好地进行器件建模和更好地了解有机半导体的基本电子过程铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Spin effect in the ferromagnetic organic photovoltaics cells 铁磁性有机光伏电池中的自旋效应

IF 2.7 4区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Organic Electronics

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107151

Bin Tong , Yuee Xie , Yuanping Chen , Zhongxuan Wang

In organic photovoltaic devices, the separation and transport of photogenerated charges play crucial roles for power conversion efficiency. Magnetic doping in organic solar cells can effectively enhance the power conversion efficiency by introducing a static magnetic field. In this study, we observed that in pure organic magnetic solar cells, the spin-polarization-induced spin scattering effect can also efficiently modulate the photocurrent in solar cells. Compared to the demagnetized state, the short-circuit current of PTB7:nw-P3HT:PCBM solar cells increased by approximately 0.3 % after magnetization. The dielectric constant only increased by about 0.05 %. However, above the Curie temperature 310 K, the long-range spin order in PTB7:nw-P3HT:PCBM solar cells disappears, resulting in consistent circuit currents before and after magnetization. Therefore, magnetic doping can enhance the short-circuit current in organic solar cells by weakening the spin scattering effect and enhancing the charge carrier mobility.

在有机光伏设备中，光生电荷的分离和传输对功率转换效率起着至关重要的作用。在有机太阳能电池中掺入磁性物质可通过引入静态磁场有效提高功率转换效率。在这项研究中，我们观察到在纯有机磁性太阳能电池中，自旋极化诱导的自旋散射效应也能有效调节太阳能电池中的光电流。与去磁状态相比，PTB7:nw-P3HT:PCBM 太阳能电池的短路电流在磁化后增加了约 0.3%。介电常数仅增加了约 0.05%。然而，在居里温度 310 K 以上，PTB7:nw-P3HT:PCBM 太阳能电池中的长程自旋阶消失，导致磁化前后的电路电流一致。因此，磁掺杂可以通过削弱自旋散射效应和提高电荷载流子迁移率来增强有机太阳能电池的短路电流。

引用次数: 0

Blue-emission crystalline OLED doped with DMAC-DPS TADF material 掺杂了 DMAC-DPS TADF 材料的蓝色发光晶体 OLED

IF 2.7 4区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Organic Electronics

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107150

Wantao Zheng , Feng Zhu , Donghang Yan

Doping thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with high exciton utilization into crystalline hosts with high carrier mobility is an effective approach for developing novel OLEDs. This approach harnesses the strengths of both materials to realize high-performance blue light-emitting crystalline organic light-emitting diodes (C-OLEDs). Nevertheless, the high triplet energy levels of blue emitting TADF materials may facilitate the outflow of triplet excitons through Dexter energy transfer to the lower energy levels within the crystalline host, thus leading to efficiency losses in the device. In this study, we present a pioneering strategy designed to improve the exciton utilization efficiency of TADF materials in C-OLED by leveraging the up-conversion capability of TTA materials to reclaim triplet excitons. With a well-designed energy level structure, this device achieves a maximum EQE of 5.6 % and a low turn-on voltage of 2.7 V. The benefits of the crystalline host allowed for fast turn-on, and a rapid increase in brightness and current density, leading to significantly improved blue photon output and a lower series resistance Joule heat loss ratio. This work introduces a novel approach to employ TADF materials in crystalline hosts and manage excitons within the emissive layer of devices, aiming to develop high-performance C-OLEDs.

将具有高激子利用率的热激活延迟荧光（TADF）材料掺杂到具有高载流子迁移率的晶体宿主中，是开发新型有机发光二极管的一种有效方法。这种方法利用了两种材料的优势，实现了高性能蓝光晶体有机发光二极管（C-OLED）。然而，蓝光发光 TADF 材料的高三重能级可能会促进三重激子通过 Dexter 能量转移流出到晶体主体内的低能级，从而导致器件的效率损失。在本研究中，我们提出了一种开创性的策略，旨在利用 TTA 材料的上转换能力回收三重激子，从而提高 TADF 材料在 C-OLED 中的激子利用效率。凭借精心设计的能级结构，该器件实现了 5.6% 的最大 EQE 和 2.7 V 的低开启电压。晶体主机的好处是可以实现快速开启，并迅速提高亮度和电流密度，从而显著改善蓝光子输出，降低串联电阻焦耳热损失比。这项工作介绍了一种新方法，即在晶体宿主中使用 TADF 材料，并在器件的发射层中管理激子，从而开发出高性能的 C-OLED。

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引用次数: 0

A strategy for achieving high-performance single layer polymer photodetectors through dark current reduction using PMMA additives 利用 PMMA 添加剂降低暗电流实现高性能单层聚合物光电探测器的策略

IF 2.7 4区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Organic Electronics

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107149

Guozhen Bai , Luwen Ran , Xinmu Chen, Zilong Wang, Zhidong Lou, Yanbing Hou, Feng Teng, Yufeng Hu

Suppressing dark current density is crucial for optimizing the performance of organic photodetectors (PDs), particularly in terms of detectivity (D∗) and linear dynamic range (LDR). Organic PDs often utilize the bulk heterojunction structure of organic solar cells to significantly increase photocurrent. However, unlike solar cells, which are unaffected by dark current, photodetectors' performance is substantially limited by it. The interconnected network of bulk heterojunctions leads to a noticeable increase in dark current, thus degrading device performance. Typically, reducing dark current involves adding a modification layer or using multilayer planar heterojunctions, which effectively reduce dark current but often delay response speed and complicate manufacturing. This study presents an alternative approach by incorporating a small concentration of PMMA into single-layer polymer photodetectors, significantly reducing dark current without affecting photocurrent. For this single-layer polymer PD, an ultra-low dark current density of 1.25 × 10⁻⁸ A/cm², a high D_sh∗ of 2.74 × 10¹² Jones, an LDR of 120.5 dB, and a fast response time with 1.6 μs were achieved. The capacitance-voltage (C-V), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements revealed that the PMMA additive reduces internal defects, increases bulk resistance, optimizes phase separation, and enhances carrier transport efficiency. The improved device performances are attributed to a more efficient vertical arrangement of the donor-acceptor interface and carrier channels, thus reducing carrier recombination loss. These findings offer a new direction for fabricating high-performance single-layer photodetectors.

抑制暗电流密度对于优化有机光电探测器（PD）的性能至关重要，尤其是在检测率（D∗）和线性动态范围（LDR）方面。有机光检测器通常利用有机太阳能电池的体异质结结构来显著提高光电流。然而，与不受暗电流影响的太阳能电池不同，光电探测器的性能会受到暗电流的极大限制。体异质结的互连网络会导致暗电流明显增加，从而降低器件性能。通常情况下，降低暗电流需要添加修饰层或使用多层平面异质结，这虽然能有效降低暗电流，但往往会延迟响应速度并使制造复杂化。本研究提出了另一种方法，即在单层聚合物光电探测器中加入小浓度的 PMMA，从而在不影响光电流的情况下显著降低暗电流。这种单层聚合物光电探测器实现了 1.25 × 10-8 A/cm2 的超低暗电流密度、2.74 × 1012 Jones 的高 Dsh∗、120.5 dB 的 LDR 和 1.6 μs 的快速响应时间。电容-电压 (C-V)、电化学阻抗谱 (EIS)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和原子力显微镜 (AFM) 测量结果表明，PMMA 添加剂减少了内部缺陷，增加了体电阻，优化了相分离，并提高了载流子传输效率。器件性能的提高归功于供体-受体界面和载流子通道更有效的垂直排列，从而减少了载流子的重组损耗。这些发现为制造高性能单层光电探测器提供了新的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation into characteristics of blue iridium (III) pyrimidine complexes with suppressed shoulder peak emission 研究具有抑制肩峰发射的蓝色铱 (III) 嘧啶配合物的特性

IF 2.7 4区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Organic Electronics

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107148

Mingxu Du , Bo Ju , Qi Zhou

Three novel blue-emitting iridium (III) complexes (Ir1, Ir2 and Ir3), embedding pyrimidine group have been synthesized. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that pyrimidine complex series occupy less component of triplet ligand centered (³LC) could restrain the vibronic shoulders comparing to the pyridine series. As for Ir1, the relative intensity of shoulder in electroluminescence (EL) spectrum is ∼0.6 of the intensity for dominate peak, relevant full width at half maximum (FWHM) is merely 47 nm. Such parameter gradually zooms out from trifluoro-to monofluoro-substitution in EL spectra. Furthermore, three complexes could obtain efficient EL performance, in which, devices based on Ir3 achieve the peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.9 %. In addition, the photoelectric properties of the three complexes display a certain regularity and this work indeed provides a strategy to modulate shoulder peak emission for blue phosphorescence.

我们合成了三种嵌入嘧啶基团的新型蓝色发光铱 (III) 配合物（Ir1、Ir2 和 Ir3）。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，与吡啶系列相比，嘧啶配合物系列所占的三重配体中心（3LC）成分较少，可以抑制振动肩。对于 Ir1，电致发光（EL）光谱中肩的相对强度是主峰强度的 0.6，相关的半最大全宽（FWHM）仅为 47 nm。在电致发光光谱中，从三氟取代到单氟取代，该参数逐渐放大。此外，三种复合物都能获得高效的电致发光性能，其中基于 Ir3 的器件的外部量子效率（EQE）峰值达到 28.9%。此外，这三种复合物的光电特性显示出一定的规律性，这项工作确实提供了一种调节蓝色磷光肩峰发射的策略。

引用次数: 0

Thienothiophene and benzothiadiazole based conjugated donor-acceptor polymers; synthesis, photophysical properties and organic field effect transistor applications 基于噻吩和苯并噻二唑的共轭供体-受体聚合物；合成、光物理性质和有机场效应晶体管应用

IF 2.7 4区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Organic Electronics

Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107147

Bibi Amna , Recep Isci , Sheida Faraji , Humaira M. Siddiqi , Turan Ozturk

Novel conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) type polymers (P1-P3) possessing thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes (TT) as donors having different functional groups and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) as an acceptor were designed and synthesized via palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. Their electronic and optical properties were investigated by UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies and cylic voltammetry analysis. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) of the polymers were fabricated using biodegradable and environmental-friendly khaya gum as a high dielectric layer to investigate their charge transport characteristics were at low voltage. All the polymers displayed a p-type field-effect behaviour, among which alkyl chain (C₉H₁₉) substituted P2 exhibited the highest average saturated hole mobility, μ_sat, 0.086 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, on/off current ratio, I_on/I_off = 1.0 × 10³, and subthreshold swing, SS, 425 mV dec⁻¹. The results presented in this work corroborate that the three novel TT-BT polymers have promising potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications, in particular, where tunability of the field-effect behaviour is essential for performance.

通过钯催化的 Sonogashira 偶联反应，设计并合成了以具有不同官能团的噻吩并[3,2-b]噻吩（TT）为给体、2,1,3-苯并噻二唑（BT）为受体的新型共轭给体-受体（D-A）型聚合物（P1-P3）。研究人员通过紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱和环形伏安分析法研究了它们的电子和光学特性。使用可生物降解的环保型卡亚胶作为高介电层，制作了这些聚合物的有机场效应晶体管（OFET），以研究它们在低电压下的电荷传输特性。所有聚合物都显示出 p 型场效应行为，其中烷基链（C9H19）取代的 P2 显示出最高的平均饱和空穴迁移率（μsat，0.086 cm2 V-1 s-1）、开/关电流比（Ion/Ioff = 1.0 × 103）和阈下摆动（SS，425 mV dec-1）。这项研究的结果证实，这三种新型 TT-BT 聚合物在电子和光电应用中具有广阔的发展前景，特别是在场效应行为的可调谐性对性能至关重要的应用领域。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing stability in inverted polymer solar cells through accelerated xenon curing of the ZnO layer 通过加速氙气固化氧化锌层提高倒置聚合物太阳能电池的稳定性

IF 2.7 4区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Organic Electronics

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107146

Chih-Chien Lee , Pei-Chun Ku , Kasimayan Uma , Hui-Chieh Lin , Ssu-Yung Chung , Shun-Wei Liu

This study delves into the profound implications of employing an intensive xenon lamp treatment with a rapid curing method completed within 4 min, to fabricate a ZnO layer. Subsequently, we applied a coating of PM6:Y6 as the active layer and utilized MoO₃/Ag as the contact electrode, aiming to advance the efficiency of polymer solar cells (PSCs) through entirely room-temperature processes. Our investigation juxtaposes this xenon lamp treatment with the conventional hot plate method for annealing the ZnO layer, conducted at 180 °C for both 20 min and 4 min. Remarkably, our proposed xenon lamp treatment process not only promotes charge transfer but also exhibits enhancements of the lattice oxygen in the Zn-O layer. This innovative methodology of xenon treatment yields a notable increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE), achieving 14.55 %, compared to 13.71 % and 12.44 % for the ZnO layers annealed with a hot plate for 20 min and 4 min, respectively. Moreover, devices subjected to the 4-min xenon lamp treatment maintained 85 % (T₈₅) of their original Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) after enduring 500 h of one-sun aging measurement. These findings evoke optimism regarding the xenon treatment's potential to streamline the fabrication process, and provide a promising avenue for mitigating interface degradation while enhancing the stability of PSCs.

本研究深入探讨了采用氙灯强化处理和 4 分钟内完成快速固化的方法来制造氧化锌层的深远意义。随后，我们涂上一层 PM6:Y6 作为活性层，并使用 MoO3/Ag 作为接触电极，旨在通过完全室温工艺提高聚合物太阳能电池（PSC）的效率。我们的研究将这种氙灯处理方法与传统的热板退火方法并列，分别在 180 °C 下进行 20 分钟和 4 分钟的氧化锌层退火。值得注意的是，我们提出的氙灯处理工艺不仅能促进电荷转移，还能增强氧化锌层中的晶格氧。这种创新的氙灯处理方法显著提高了功率转换效率（PCE），达到 14.55%，而用热板退火 20 分钟和 4 分钟的氧化锌层分别为 13.71% 和 12.44%。此外，经过 4 分钟氙灯处理的器件在经受 500 小时的单太阳老化测量后，其功率转换效率（PCE）仍保持在原来的 85% (T85)。这些发现使人们对氙灯处理简化制造工艺的潜力产生了乐观的预期，并为在增强 PSCs 稳定性的同时减轻接口退化提供了一条前景广阔的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Stretchable electronics: Advances in elastic conductive fibers for multifunctional applications 可拉伸电子器件：用于多功能应用的弹性导电纤维的研究进展

IF 2.7 4区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Organic Electronics

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107145

Aliakbar Jafari

This review paper provides an extensive overview of elastic conductive fibers (ECFs), highlighting their evolution, design, and applications in stretchable electronics. ECFs are versatile due to their superior mechanical properties, lightweight nature, and ease of integration, making them ideal for wearable technology, health monitoring, aerospace, and bioengineering. The paper examines how ECFs combine fiber flexibility with electronic functionality, maintaining conductivity under mechanical deformation, and explores their use in wearable electronics, soft robotics, bioelectronics, and flexible energy devices. Key challenges discussed include balancing conductivity and stretchability, with a focus on innovative materials and structural designs to enhance performance and durability. ECFs are categorized by structural design (intrinsically stretchable and non-stretchable) and conductive materials (inorganic and organic), detailing advancements in micro/nano-structured conductive fillers and specialized microstructures. Applications in electrodes, strain sensors, transmitters, and actuators are showcased. The review also addresses manufacturing challenges, advocating for cost-effective, high-performance materials, scalable production methods, and a multidisciplinary approach combining empirical research, computational models, and machine learning. The future of ECFs lies in large-scale production with consistent quality, multifunctional integration, and leveraging AI-driven models for design and manufacturing. As research advances, ECFs are set to become fundamental in modern electronic applications, emphasizing the need for continued exploration and innovation.

本综述广泛概述了弹性导电纤维（ECFs），重点介绍了它们在可拉伸电子器件中的演变、设计和应用。弹性导电纤维具有优越的机械性能、重量轻、易于集成等特点，因此用途广泛，是可穿戴技术、健康监测、航空航天和生物工程的理想选择。本文探讨了 ECF 如何将纤维柔性与电子功能相结合，在机械变形的情况下保持导电性，并探讨了 ECF 在可穿戴电子设备、软机器人、生物电子设备和柔性能源设备中的应用。讨论的主要挑战包括平衡导电性和可拉伸性，重点是创新材料和结构设计，以提高性能和耐用性。导电纤维按结构设计（本质上可拉伸和不可拉伸）和导电材料（无机和有机）分类，详细介绍了微/纳米结构导电填料和特殊微结构方面的进展。介绍了电极、应变传感器、变送器和致动器中的应用。该综述还探讨了制造方面的挑战，主张采用具有成本效益的高性能材料、可扩展的生产方法，以及结合实证研究、计算模型和机器学习的多学科方法。ECF的未来在于质量稳定的大规模生产、多功能集成以及利用人工智能驱动的模型进行设计和制造。随着研究的不断深入，ECF 将成为现代电子应用的基础，这也强调了持续探索和创新的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Proton-gated organic thin-film transistors for leaky integrate-and-fire convolutional spiking neural networks 质子门控有机薄膜晶体管用于漏电集火卷积尖峰神经网络

IF 2.7 4区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Organic Electronics

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107144

Xiang Wan , Shengnan Cui , Changqing Li , Jie Yan , Fuguo Tian , Haoyang Luo , Zhongzhong Luo , Li Zhu , Zhihao Yu , Dongyoon Khim , Liuyang Sun , Yong Xu , Huabin Sun

Artificial spiking neurons, integral to the functionality of spiking neural networks, are designed to mimic the information transmission via discrete spikes in biological nervous systems. Traditional approaches that necessitate the charging of capacitors and the inclusion of discharge circuits for neuron membrane potential integration and leakage, present challenges in terms of cost and space efficiency. To overcome the challenges, this work proposes a hardware leaky integrate-and-fire neuron based on organic thin-film transistors. Under the electric field, the ion dynamics in the gate electrolyte can mimic the processes of membrane potential integration, leakage, and reset in spiking neurons. The convolutional spiking neural networks composed of such organic spiking neurons achieves excellent recognition rates (∼97.26 %) on the MNIST dataset. This indicates that the organic spiking neuron has enormous potential in next-generation non-von Neumann neuromorphic computing.

人工尖峰神经元是尖峰神经网络功能中不可或缺的部分，旨在模拟生物神经系统中通过离散尖峰进行的信息传输。传统方法需要对电容器充电，并在神经元膜电位整合和泄漏时加入放电电路，这给成本和空间效率带来了挑战。为了克服这些挑战，本研究提出了一种基于有机薄膜晶体管的硬件漏电整合和放电神经元。在电场作用下，栅极电解质中的离子动力学可以模拟尖峰神经元的膜电位整合、泄漏和复位过程。由这种有机尖峰神经元组成的卷积尖峰神经网络在 MNIST 数据集上实现了出色的识别率（97.26%）。这表明有机尖峰神经元在下一代非冯诺依曼神经形态计算中具有巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Highly efficient green and blue emitters exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence with 4,6-substituted dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-S,S-dioxide as electron acceptor and their electroluminescent properties 以 4,6-取代二苯并[b,d]噻吩-S,S-二氧化物为电子受体，显示热激活延迟荧光的高效绿色和蓝色发光体及其电致发光特性

IF 2.7 4区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Organic Electronics

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107140

Bochen Li , Ruiqin Zhu , Hongyan Wang , Daokun Zhong , Zhao Feng , Xiaolong Yang , Yuanhui Sun , Guijiang Zhou , Bo Jiao

Through attaching electron donors to the 4, 6-positions of dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-S,S-dioxide (DBTDO), three organic emitters (SO-OZ, SO-AD and SO-CZ) with D-A-D configuration have been designed and synthesized. They not only show high thermal stability with decomposition temperature (T_d) higher than 460 °C, but also exhibit photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) as high as 0.9. Despite that SO-CZ with carbazole unit as electron donor cannot furnish thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emission, both SO-OZ with 10H-phenoxazine as electron donor and SO-AD bearing electron donor of 9,9-dimethylacridine exhibit typical TADF behaviors due to their small energy difference between S₁ and T₁ excited states (ΔE_ST). Critically, SO-OZ can show very fast revers intersystem crossing (RISC) process with rate constant of RISC (k_RISC) ca. 1.8 × 10⁶ s⁻¹. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results indicate their decent electrochemical stability by showing reversible oxidation and reduction processes. When doped into the emission layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), they can show good potential as highly efficient emitters, showing electroluminescent efficiencies of the maximum current efficiency (CE) of 53.4 cd A⁻¹, the maximum power efficiency (PE) of 52.4 lm W⁻¹ and the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.5 %. These encouraging results can provide critical information for developing highly efficient TADF emitters based on DBTDO electron acceptor.

通过在二苯并[b,d]噻吩-S,S-二氧化物（DBTDO）的 4、6 位连接电子供体，设计并合成了三种具有 D-A-D 构型的有机发光体（SO-OZ、SO-AD 和 SO-CZ）。它们不仅具有较高的热稳定性，分解温度（Td）高于 460 ℃，而且光致发光量子产率（PLQY）高达 0.9。尽管以咔唑单元为电子供体的 SO-CZ 不能发出热激活延迟荧光（TADF），但以 10H-吩噁嗪为电子供体的 SO-OZ 和以 9,9-二甲基吖啶为电子供体的 SO-AD 由于其 S1 和 T1 激发态之间的能量差（ΔEST）较小，都表现出典型的 TADF 行为。重要的是，SO-OZ 可以显示出非常快速的反向系统间交叉（RISC）过程，RISC 的速率常数（kRISC）约为 1.8 × 106 s-1。循环伏安法（CV）结果表明，SO-OZ 的氧化和还原过程是可逆的，因而具有良好的电化学稳定性。当掺杂到有机发光二极管（OLED）的发射层时，它们可以显示出作为高效发射器的良好潜力，其电致发光效率的最大电流效率（CE）为 53.4 cd A-1，最大功率效率（PE）为 52.4 lm W-1，最大外部量子效率（EQE）为 20.5%。这些令人鼓舞的结果为开发基于 DBTDO 电子受体的高效 TADF 发射器提供了关键信息。

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引用次数: 0