Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5391
L. Mestra, M. O. Santana, D. Ríos, L. J. Mejía, C. R. Ortiz, S. E. Paternina
The objective of this study was to characterize the sheep feeding systems and food resources in 26 sheep production units (UP) of 13 municipalities of Cordoba, Colombia. The information was collected semi-structured surveys. The questionnaire included these topics: a) Geographical location of the UP, b) Characteristics of infrastructure and animal component, c) Animal management and productive control, d) Nutritional composition of feeds, e) Characterization of the diets used and, f) Feeding management. The indicators were analyzed by descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Most of the UP were extensive with a predominance of bovine and sheep herds (84.6%), use of various sheep breeds (61.1%), verification of colostrum consumption (88%), use Botrhriocloa pertusa in continuous grazing (69.2%) and supplementation of animals (53.9%). The cluster analysis produced two groups of farms (G1, G2), the G1 with 3 UP and, herds with more than 400 sheep. G2 with 23 UP with less than 100 sheep. In both groups the grazing was predominantly continuous with supplementation, highlighting a good structure of the herds. It is concluded, that in Cordoba, sheep production is based on grazing in transition from a medium to semi-intensive technological level; as Colombian national production, with inadequate food management and opportunities for improvement due to the availability of good quality food resources.
{"title":"Caracterización de sistemas de alimentación de ovinos en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia","authors":"L. Mestra, M. O. Santana, D. Ríos, L. J. Mejía, C. R. Ortiz, S. E. Paternina","doi":"10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5391","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to characterize the sheep feeding systems and food resources in 26 sheep production units (UP) of 13 municipalities of Cordoba, Colombia. The information was collected semi-structured surveys. The questionnaire included these topics: a) Geographical location of the UP, b) Characteristics of infrastructure and animal component, c) Animal management and productive control, d) Nutritional composition of feeds, e) Characterization of the diets used and, f) Feeding management. The indicators were analyzed by descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Most of the UP were extensive with a predominance of bovine and sheep herds (84.6%), use of various sheep breeds (61.1%), verification of colostrum consumption (88%), use Botrhriocloa pertusa in continuous grazing (69.2%) and supplementation of animals (53.9%). The cluster analysis produced two groups of farms (G1, G2), the G1 with 3 UP and, herds with more than 400 sheep. G2 with 23 UP with less than 100 sheep. In both groups the grazing was predominantly continuous with supplementation, highlighting a good structure of the herds. It is concluded, that in Cordoba, sheep production is based on grazing in transition from a medium to semi-intensive technological level; as Colombian national production, with inadequate food management and opportunities for improvement due to the availability of good quality food resources.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48752472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5394
A. A. Kaki, T. Deineko, Nassim Moula
Soymeal is now the main source of protein laying hens. This raw material is mainly produced abroad which makes Europe highly dependent on imports. A better protein autonomy could limit this economic impact and the environmental issue related to the cultivation of soybean. One of the options regularly studied over the past few decades to increase protein production in Europe is the cultivation of protein crops such as peas, faba beans and lupin. However, some inconvenient can limit their use in animal food as an alternative to soymeal, i.e., lower protein levels; presence of anti-nutritional factors; and non ideal amino acid profile. Therefore. te aim of this work was to assess the impact of using peas and faba beans as an alternative to soybean, on hens laying performances as well as on physical and nutritional eggs quality, including fatty acids profile. Two diets were tested, one containing only 22% of soymeal as proteins source (control group); and the second contains 45% of two leguminous plants (30% of peas and 15% faba beans) supplemented to 6% of soy meal. The egg-laying rate was significantly lower for the experimental group (51.79 vs. 60.63 %, p 0.05) was found concerning physical (egg weight, weight, shell weight and weight, shell thickness and strength), and nutritional parameters (cholesterol and essential fatty acids).
豆粕现在是蛋鸡蛋白质的主要来源。这种原材料主要在国外生产，这使得欧洲高度依赖进口。更好的蛋白质自主性可以限制这种经济影响和与大豆种植有关的环境问题。在过去的几十年里，欧洲经常研究的增加蛋白质产量的选择之一是种植蛋白质作物，如豌豆、蚕豆和罗苹。然而，一些不方便的因素会限制它们在动物性食品中作为豆粕替代品的使用，即蛋白质含量较低;存在抗营养因子;和非理想氨基酸分布。因此。本研究的目的是评估用豌豆和蚕豆替代大豆对母鸡产蛋性能以及蛋的物理和营养品质(包括脂肪酸成分)的影响。测试了两种饮食，一种只含有22%的豆粕作为蛋白质来源(对照组);第二种含有45%的两种豆科植物(30%的豌豆和15%的蚕豆)和6%的豆粕。试验组的产蛋率(51.79 vs. 60.63%， p 0.05)显著低于试验组，在生理指标(蛋重、蛋重、壳重和壳重、蛋壳厚度和强度)和营养指标(胆固醇和必需脂肪酸)上均显著低于试验组(p 0.05)。
{"title":"Efecto de la alimentación de dos legumbres de grano, guisantes y frijoles faba, en la calidad del huevo y la puesta","authors":"A. A. Kaki, T. Deineko, Nassim Moula","doi":"10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5394","url":null,"abstract":"Soymeal is now the main source of protein laying hens. This raw material is mainly produced abroad which makes Europe highly dependent on imports. A better protein autonomy could limit this economic impact and the environmental issue related to the cultivation of soybean. One of the options regularly studied over the past few decades to increase protein production in Europe is the cultivation of protein crops such as peas, faba beans and lupin. However, some inconvenient can limit their use in animal food as an alternative to soymeal, i.e., lower protein levels; presence of anti-nutritional factors; and non ideal amino acid profile. Therefore. te aim of this work was to assess the impact of using peas and faba beans as an alternative to soybean, on hens laying performances as well as on physical and nutritional eggs quality, including fatty acids profile. Two diets were tested, one containing only 22% of soymeal as proteins source (control group); and the second contains 45% of two leguminous plants (30% of peas and 15% faba beans) supplemented to 6% of soy meal. The egg-laying rate was significantly lower for the experimental group (51.79 vs. 60.63 %, p 0.05) was found concerning physical (egg weight, weight, shell weight and weight, shell thickness and strength), and nutritional parameters (cholesterol and essential fatty acids).","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41608430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5390
A. González, V. Figueroa, C. Batista, A. Casal, A. Alvarez, A. Saadoun, L. Astigarraga
The progressive inclusion of two forages with different soluble fibre (FS) content, in diets from growing and finishing pig was evaluated. The treatments were: control diet (T0) formulated based on corn and soybean meal; base diet with alfalfa (T1) (Medicago sativa var. Chana) or with chicory (T2) (Cichorium intibus var. Lacerta) for stages (F) of growing I (F1, 40-60 kg of PV), growing II (F2, 60-80 kg of PV) and finishing (F3, 80 to 100 kg of PV). 27 animals with an initial weight of 42 kg (± 2.3) were used in a random plot design in three treatments, with nine repetitions. The final weight and daily gain did not differ among treatments. Dietary Fiber consumption was higher in forage treatments (P<0.05), while FS consumption was higher in the chicory diet than the alfalfa diet (P <0.05). This higher consumption of Dietary Fiber was associated with a higher weight of the components of the pigs’ gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon in T2 (P<0.05). As a consequence, T2 presented the lowest carcass yield (77.4%, P<0.05), compared to T0 and T1, which were similar to each other (80.0 and 78.9% respectively, P=0.303).The progressive inclusion of forage allowed a physical adaptation of the tract, by increasing the stomach and colon but such adaptation affected the carcass yield.
对生长猪和育肥猪日粮中两种可溶性纤维含量不同的牧草的逐步加入进行了评价。处理为：以玉米和豆粕为基础配制的对照日粮（T0）；在生长I（F1，40-60 kg PV）、生长II（F2，60-80 kg PV）和精加工（F3，80-100 kg PV）的阶段（F），用苜蓿（T1）（苜蓿变种Chana）或菊苣（T2）（菊苣变种Laceta）作为基础日粮。27只初始体重为42 kg（±2.3）的动物被用于三次治疗的随机地块设计，共9次重复。不同处理的最终体重和日增重没有差异。饲料处理的膳食纤维消耗量更高（P<0.05），而菊苣日粮的FS消耗量高于苜蓿日粮（P<0.05）。这种更高的膳食纤维消费量与猪胃肠道成分的重量更高有关，特别是T2的结肠重量更高（P<0.05）。因此，T2的胴体产量最低（77.4%，P<0.05），与T0和T1相似（分别为80.0和78.9%，P=0.303）。饲料的逐渐加入通过增加胃和结肠来实现肠道的物理适应，但这种适应影响了胴体产量。
{"title":"Inclusión de forrajes con distinta relación de fibra soluble e insoluble en la dieta de cerdos","authors":"A. González, V. Figueroa, C. Batista, A. Casal, A. Alvarez, A. Saadoun, L. Astigarraga","doi":"10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5390","url":null,"abstract":"The progressive inclusion of two forages with different soluble fibre (FS) content, in diets from growing and finishing pig was evaluated. The treatments were: control diet (T0) formulated based on corn and soybean meal; base diet with alfalfa (T1) (Medicago sativa var. Chana) or with chicory (T2) (Cichorium intibus var. Lacerta) for stages (F) of growing I (F1, 40-60 kg of PV), growing II (F2, 60-80 kg of PV) and finishing (F3, 80 to 100 kg of PV). 27 animals with an initial weight of 42 kg (± 2.3) were used in a random plot design in three treatments, with nine repetitions. The final weight and daily gain did not differ among treatments. Dietary Fiber consumption was higher in forage treatments (P<0.05), while FS consumption was higher in the chicory diet than the alfalfa diet (P <0.05). This higher consumption of Dietary Fiber was associated with a higher weight of the components of the pigs’ gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon in T2 (P<0.05). As a consequence, T2 presented the lowest carcass yield (77.4%, P<0.05), compared to T0 and T1, which were similar to each other (80.0 and 78.9% respectively, P=0.303).The progressive inclusion of forage allowed a physical adaptation of the tract, by increasing the stomach and colon but such adaptation affected the carcass yield.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41928014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5387
J. M. Ramírez-Reyes, E. García-Robles, A. Medellín-Cazares, W. Osorto-Hernández, J. Domínguez-Viveros
In Mexican hairless pig analyzed the pedigree (n = 305), 16 morphological variables (VARMOR, n = 201) and 74 genetic markers (SNP, n = 107) for use in paternity tests. Was calculated: founder ancestors; effective size (Ne); inbreeding; generational interval (IG); Wright F statistics (FST, FIS and FIT). The VARMOR were head length, head width, snout length, snout width, ear length, width of ears, distance between orbitals, height at the cross, chest width, chest circumference, neck length, neck width, cane perimeter, body length, pelvic width, abdominal perimeter; analyzed with the mixed model: y = μ + si + gj + β1 + β2 + mad + e; where: y, response variable; μ, mean; si, sex; fj, farm; β1 and β2, linear and quadratic of the covariate age of the animal; mad, random effect of the mother; e, residuals. With the correlation matrix, a principal component analysis was carried out. For the SNPs, the polymorphic information content (PIC) and its components were estimated, as well as the probabilities of non-exclusion combined (PNE). Ne = 92.10; ancestors that explain 50% of the pedigree = 7; percentage of inbreeding animals = 2.3%; average inbreeding = 0.11%; average IG = 1.69 years. FST = 7%; FIS and FIT of -0.083 and -0.006, respectively. Mad explained, on average, 54.3% of the variability. For PIC, the average was 0.266 with values in the interval of 0.018 to 0.375; the PNE were in the interval of 0.007 to 3.1E-22.
在墨西哥无毛猪中，分析了家系(n = 305)、16个形态变量(VARMOR, n = 201)和74个遗传标记(SNP, n = 107)用于亲子鉴定。被计算:创始人祖先;有效粒径(Ne);近亲繁殖;代际间隔;赖特F统计(FST, FIS和FIT)。VARMOR包括头长、头宽、鼻长、鼻宽、耳长、耳宽、眼眶间距、交叉高度、胸宽、胸围、颈长、颈宽、手杖周长、体长、骨盆宽度、腹部周长;用混合模型分析:y = μ + si + gj + β1 + β2 + mad + e;式中:y，响应变量;μ,意思是;如果性;fj,农场;β1和β2是动物协变量年龄的线性和二次函数;疯了，随机效应的母亲;e,残差。利用相关矩阵进行主成分分析。对snp进行了多态性信息含量(PIC)及其组成，以及非排除组合概率(PNE)的估计。Ne = 92.10;解释50%谱系的祖先= 7;近交动物百分比= 2.3%;平均近交= 0.11%;平均年龄= 1.69岁。FST = 7%;FIS和FIT分别为-0.083和-0.006。Mad平均解释了54.3%的变异。PIC的平均值为0.266，取值范围为0.018 ~ 0.375;PNE在0.007 ~ 3.11 e -22之间。
{"title":"Caracterización genética y fenotípica de una población de cerdo pelón mexicano","authors":"J. M. Ramírez-Reyes, E. García-Robles, A. Medellín-Cazares, W. Osorto-Hernández, J. Domínguez-Viveros","doi":"10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5387","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexican hairless pig analyzed the pedigree (n = 305), 16 morphological variables (VARMOR, n = 201) and 74 genetic markers (SNP, n = 107) for use in paternity tests. Was calculated: founder ancestors; effective size (Ne); inbreeding; generational interval (IG); Wright F statistics (FST, FIS and FIT). The VARMOR were head length, head width, snout length, snout width, ear length, width of ears, distance between orbitals, height at the cross, chest width, chest circumference, neck length, neck width, cane perimeter, body length, pelvic width, abdominal perimeter; analyzed with the mixed model: y = μ + si + gj + β1 + β2 + mad + e; where: y, response variable; μ, mean; si, sex; fj, farm; β1 and β2, linear and quadratic of the covariate age of the animal; mad, random effect of the mother; e, residuals. With the correlation matrix, a principal component analysis was carried out. For the SNPs, the polymorphic information content (PIC) and its components were estimated, as well as the probabilities of non-exclusion combined (PNE). Ne = 92.10; ancestors that explain 50% of the pedigree = 7; percentage of inbreeding animals = 2.3%; average inbreeding = 0.11%; average IG = 1.69 years. FST = 7%; FIS and FIT of -0.083 and -0.006, respectively. Mad explained, on average, 54.3% of the variability. For PIC, the average was 0.266 with values in the interval of 0.018 to 0.375; the PNE were in the interval of 0.007 to 3.1E-22.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43604385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5397
A. A. Costa, E. Lima, F. Soto
The swine effluent (SE) has a high pollution potential, because even after the process of anaerobic digestion, still contains variable concentrations of nutrients, especially of phosphorus (P). This study aimed to investigate through a literature review the biological recycling of P as an alternative for the treatment of SE originating in anaerobic digestion. It was observed that the process known as enhanced biological phosphate removal is the method most used in the removal of P present in effluent. It consists in cycling biomass through aerobic and anaerobic environments and involves the incorporation of P into the cell of bacteria and subsequently the mass removal enriched with P in the slime. Although there are many aspects to be informed about these technologies, it is emphasized that the recycling and recovery of P present in the SE represent important advances in promoting sustainability in the use of this resource that is directly linked to global food security.
{"title":"Reciclagem biológica do fósforo a partir do efluente suíno originário da biodigestão anaeróbia: uma revisão","authors":"A. A. Costa, E. Lima, F. Soto","doi":"10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5397","url":null,"abstract":"The swine effluent (SE) has a high pollution potential, because even after the process of anaerobic digestion, still contains variable concentrations of nutrients, especially of phosphorus (P). This study aimed to investigate through a literature review the biological recycling of P as an alternative for the treatment of SE originating in anaerobic digestion. It was observed that the process known as enhanced biological phosphate removal is the method most used in the removal of P present in effluent. It consists in cycling biomass through aerobic and anaerobic environments and involves the incorporation of P into the cell of bacteria and subsequently the mass removal enriched with P in the slime. Although there are many aspects to be informed about these technologies, it is emphasized that the recycling and recovery of P present in the SE represent important advances in promoting sustainability in the use of this resource that is directly linked to global food security.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41381465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5395
A. B. Junior, Caroline Marçal Gomes David, Miguel Alejandro Silva Rua, A. González, V. Maretto, Luis Fonseca Matos, C. Quirino
The Brazilian Pony is a recent breed, with registration of animals only starting in 1970, since when it has been continually improved. Body morphometry is important for selective breeding of horses, because it is one of the main elements used to characterize breeds. The objective of this study was to apply principal component analysis (PCA) to the main morphometric measures of Brazilian Pony stallions and mares to identify those that contribute the most to explain the total variance in each sex. Fourteen linear measures were obtained from 281 adult animals and the data were used for to compute descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients as well as for analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The morphometric measures of the animals showed great variation in the two sexes. The correlations between the variables were positive and generally of large magnitude. For the stallions, only two components were necessary to explain at least 80% of the total variance, while for the females, three components were needed. After the methodology for discarding of variables, the variables head width, neck length and chest height were identified as the measures that explain most of variations in Brazilian Pony horses and should be uses for breed selection and control.
{"title":"Análise de componentes principais de medidas morfométricas de equinos da raça Pônei Brasileiro","authors":"A. B. Junior, Caroline Marçal Gomes David, Miguel Alejandro Silva Rua, A. González, V. Maretto, Luis Fonseca Matos, C. Quirino","doi":"10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5395","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian Pony is a recent breed, with registration of animals only starting in 1970, since when it has been continually improved. Body morphometry is important for selective breeding of horses, because it is one of the main elements used to characterize breeds. The objective of this study was to apply principal component analysis (PCA) to the main morphometric measures of Brazilian Pony stallions and mares to identify those that contribute the most to explain the total variance in each sex. Fourteen linear measures were obtained from 281 adult animals and the data were used for to compute descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients as well as for analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The morphometric measures of the animals showed great variation in the two sexes. The correlations between the variables were positive and generally of large magnitude. For the stallions, only two components were necessary to explain at least 80% of the total variance, while for the females, three components were needed. After the methodology for discarding of variables, the variables head width, neck length and chest height were identified as the measures that explain most of variations in Brazilian Pony horses and should be uses for breed selection and control.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42468629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5396
B. Scherer, C. Pizoni, K. B. Cardoso, A. A. Barbosa, R. Raimondo, S. Ladeira, C. C. Brauner, F. Pino, M. N. Corrêa, V. Rabassa
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of a product composed of yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on the incidence of diarrhea and on the body development of dairy calves submitted to different housing systems. One hundred and nineteen calves were used in two housing systems and randomly divided into two groups: yeast group (n = 62, 36 outdoors and 26 in the corral) and control group (n = 57, 30 outdoors and 27 in the corral). The yeast group was treated with 8 ml of yeast / animal culture, which was administered orally once daily for 42 days. The zootechnical measures were analyzed and the incidence of infectious diarrhea was monitored, blood and feces were also collected. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by repeated measures of the SAS Software, Tukey’s HSD and Chi-square test, being considered a statistical difference (p≤0.05). The animals in the control group raised outdoors had a higher incidence of diarrhea (80.00%) when compared to animals in the treatment group (55.55%) (p = 0.03). The period with the highest incidence of diarrhea (96.92%) was in the first 15 days of life (p <0.001). The bacteriological analysis of feces showed that 53.38% had Enterococcus sp. and 46.61% Eschechiria coli. after the diagnosis of diarrhea, both groups (control and yeast) presented leukocytosis. It is concluded that oral yeast supplementation for animals raised in the open was able to reduce the effects of the challenges caused by this system, decreasing the incidence of diarrhea.
{"title":"Efeito de um composto de leveduras na incidência de diarreia em bezerras criadas em diferentes sistemas de alojamento","authors":"B. Scherer, C. Pizoni, K. B. Cardoso, A. A. Barbosa, R. Raimondo, S. Ladeira, C. C. Brauner, F. Pino, M. N. Corrêa, V. Rabassa","doi":"10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5396","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of a product composed of yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on the incidence of diarrhea and on the body development of dairy calves submitted to different housing systems. One hundred and nineteen calves were used in two housing systems and randomly divided into two groups: yeast group (n = 62, 36 outdoors and 26 in the corral) and control group (n = 57, 30 outdoors and 27 in the corral). The yeast group was treated with 8 ml of yeast / animal culture, which was administered orally once daily for 42 days. The zootechnical measures were analyzed and the incidence of infectious diarrhea was monitored, blood and feces were also collected. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by repeated measures of the SAS Software, Tukey’s HSD and Chi-square test, being considered a statistical difference (p≤0.05). The animals in the control group raised outdoors had a higher incidence of diarrhea (80.00%) when compared to animals in the treatment group (55.55%) (p = 0.03). The period with the highest incidence of diarrhea (96.92%) was in the first 15 days of life (p <0.001). The bacteriological analysis of feces showed that 53.38% had Enterococcus sp. and 46.61% Eschechiria coli. after the diagnosis of diarrhea, both groups (control and yeast) presented leukocytosis. It is concluded that oral yeast supplementation for animals raised in the open was able to reduce the effects of the challenges caused by this system, decreasing the incidence of diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42045935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5393
E. D. O. Costa, S. A. D. Santos, T. Rodrigo, R. D. C. P. Filho, M. L. S. Tosto, G. Carvalho, L. Mariz, T. C. D. J. Pereira
Data control is critical to success the production systems. However, goat farming in semi-arid and tropical regions mostly produce artisanal dairy derivatives or handcraft meat products as sausages and salami. Despite the importance, body weight (BW) is frequently unmeasured by small and medium producers due to lack of weighing scales, pen structures and inadequate rural installations. The main objective of this study was to establish equations to estimate BW in Saanen and Anglo Nubian. Data were collected from 125 animals comprising of 65 goats Saanen and 60 goats Anglo-Nubian of different age groups. Measurements were made for withers height, rump height; body length, chest depth, thoracic girth (TG), rump length, rump width (RW), abdominal circumference and BW. For all relationships evaluated between BW (kg) and morphometric measurements (cm), gender effect was significant (P 0.01). The RW presented the highest correlations (R2 = 0.92) with BW of females, while the measurements of TG presented the highest correlations (R2 = 0.92) with BW of males. The following equations were adjusted: BW females = 0.1188 × RW2 + 0.5732 × RW - 5.5888; and BW males = 0.0127 × TG2 – 0.6611 × TG + 11.261. In addition, to estimate BW considering the age in days (t): BW = 36.5674 × exp (-2.2404 exp (-0.0046t)) for males and BW = 27.2616 × exp (-2.4151 exp (-0.00775t)) for females.
{"title":"Medidas morfométricas associadas à predição matemática do peso corporal como ferramenta de manejo em rebanhos de caprinos","authors":"E. D. O. Costa, S. A. D. Santos, T. Rodrigo, R. D. C. P. Filho, M. L. S. Tosto, G. Carvalho, L. Mariz, T. C. D. J. Pereira","doi":"10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/AZ.V69I268.5393","url":null,"abstract":"Data control is critical to success the production systems. However, goat farming in semi-arid and tropical regions mostly produce artisanal dairy derivatives or handcraft meat products as sausages and salami. Despite the importance, body weight (BW) is frequently unmeasured by small and medium producers due to lack of weighing scales, pen structures and inadequate rural installations. The main objective of this study was to establish equations to estimate BW in Saanen and Anglo Nubian. Data were collected from 125 animals comprising of 65 goats Saanen and 60 goats Anglo-Nubian of different age groups. Measurements were made for withers height, rump height; body length, chest depth, thoracic girth (TG), rump length, rump width (RW), abdominal circumference and BW. For all relationships evaluated between BW (kg) and morphometric measurements (cm), gender effect was significant (P 0.01). The RW presented the highest correlations (R2 = 0.92) with BW of females, while the measurements of TG presented the highest correlations (R2 = 0.92) with BW of males. The following equations were adjusted: BW females = 0.1188 × RW2 + 0.5732 × RW - 5.5888; and BW males = 0.0127 × TG2 – 0.6611 × TG + 11.261. In addition, to estimate BW considering the age in days (t): BW = 36.5674 × exp (-2.2404 exp (-0.0046t)) for males and BW = 27.2616 × exp (-2.4151 exp (-0.00775t)) for females.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i267.5348
L. D. C. Codognoto, T. T. Conde, G. Faria, Kátia Luciene Maltoni
The drift of the herbicide glyphosate can stimulate growth and/or productive yield in non-target plants, which characterizes a hormonal effect, with a momentary yellowing in new leaves, characteristic of nutritional deficiency. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the hormonal effect of glyphosate application in Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The produtive response, aerial (PMS ) and root (MSR), for forage was evaluated by foliar application of seven sublethal doses of equivalent acid (e.a.) to glyphosate (5.40, 10.80, 21.60, 43.20, 64, 80, 86.40 and 108.00 g e.a. ha-1) and control, in the absence and presence of manganese (1000 g ha-1), in the spray solution, in four sequential harvests, featuring a factorial scheme 8 x 2 x 4, with four repetitions. The sublethal doses of glyphosate with the addition of manganese to the spray solution reduced the herbicidal effect, with persistence of PMS during the experimental period (4 cuts). For doses without manganese added to the spray solution, there was a productive failure in the cuts 2, 3 and 4, at doses 86.40 and 108.00 g e.a. ha-1. The presence of manganese in the spray solution ensured a root dry mass superior to those without the addition of manganese, with an effect herbicide in doses equal to and above 43.60 g e.a. ha-1.
除草剂草甘膦的漂移可以刺激非目标植物的生长和/或产量，其特征是激素效应，新叶瞬间变黄，这是营养缺乏的特征。因此，本研究的目的是评估草甘膦在尿斑草中的激素效应。Marandu。通过叶面施用7个亚致死剂量的草甘膦当量酸(5.40、10.80、21.60、43.20、64、80、86.40和108.00 g e.a. ha-1)，以及在喷施液中不添加和存在锰(1000 g ha-1)的对照(4次连续收获，采用8 × 2 × 4的析因方案，4次重复)，评估草甘膦在地上(PMS)和根部(MSR)的生产响应。亚致死剂量的草甘膦与锰的添加降低了除草效果，在实验期间PMS持续存在(4次切割)。对于未向喷雾溶液中添加锰的剂量，在剂量86.40和108.00 g e.a. ha-1时，切口2、3和4的生产失败。喷洒溶液中锰的存在确保根干质量优于未添加锰的溶液，除草剂的剂量等于或高于43.60 g e.a. ha-1。
{"title":"Doses subletais de glifosato em combinação com manganês foliar na produção de capim marandu","authors":"L. D. C. Codognoto, T. T. Conde, G. Faria, Kátia Luciene Maltoni","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i267.5348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i267.5348","url":null,"abstract":"The drift of the herbicide glyphosate can stimulate growth and/or productive yield in non-target plants, which characterizes a hormonal effect, with a momentary yellowing in new leaves, characteristic of nutritional deficiency. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the hormonal effect of glyphosate application in Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The produtive response, aerial (PMS ) and root (MSR), for forage was evaluated by foliar application of seven sublethal doses of equivalent acid (e.a.) to glyphosate (5.40, 10.80, 21.60, 43.20, 64, 80, 86.40 and 108.00 g e.a. ha-1) and control, in the absence and presence of manganese (1000 g ha-1), in the spray solution, in four sequential harvests, featuring a factorial scheme 8 x 2 x 4, with four repetitions. The sublethal doses of glyphosate with the addition of manganese to the spray solution reduced the herbicidal effect, with persistence of PMS during the experimental period (4 cuts). For doses without manganese added to the spray solution, there was a productive failure in the cuts 2, 3 and 4, at doses 86.40 and 108.00 g e.a. ha-1. The presence of manganese in the spray solution ensured a root dry mass superior to those without the addition of manganese, with an effect herbicide in doses equal to and above 43.60 g e.a. ha-1.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45345360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i267.5356
A. Villalobos-Cortés, R. Gonzalez, H. Castillo, M. Jaén
The objective of this work was to evaluate the RT-PCR test, to detect the bovine enzootic leukosis virus and compare them with the nPCR and AGID tests in 42 animals of the Guaymi breed from 5 regions of Panama. The AGID test identified the lowest number of positive animals (52%) compared to nPCR (71%) and real-time PCR, RT-PCR (76%). Four animals positive to the AGID test were negative to the nPCR and two animals positive to this same test were negative to RT-PCR. 11 of the 20 AGID negative animals tested positive for nPCR and 12 of the 20 AGID negative animals tested positive for RT-PCR. Regarding molecular tests, of the 12 animals that were negative for the nPCR, five were positive for RT-PCR and 10 animals negative for RT-PCR, 3 were positive for nPCR. The sensitivity of nPCR to AGID was 82% while the specificity was 40%; the concordance test between nPCR and AGID was k = 0.316, considered weak while the sensitivity of RT-PCR with AGID was 91% with a specificity of 40%; the concordance test between the two tests was k = 0.222 also considered weak. The RT-PCR technique is presented as a viable alternative within the group of techniques for the diagnosis of bovine enzootic leukosis virus, particularly in an eventual control program and its eradication in conservation centers of Creole races where it is required to maintain a strict control of animal health.
{"title":"Evaluación de PCR en tiempo real en el diagnóstico de leucosis enzoótica bovina en una raza local de Panamá","authors":"A. Villalobos-Cortés, R. Gonzalez, H. Castillo, M. Jaén","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i267.5356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i267.5356","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the RT-PCR test, to detect the bovine enzootic leukosis virus and compare them with the nPCR and AGID tests in 42 animals of the Guaymi breed from 5 regions of Panama. The AGID test identified the lowest number of positive animals (52%) compared to nPCR (71%) and real-time PCR, RT-PCR (76%). Four animals positive to the AGID test were negative to the nPCR and two animals positive to this same test were negative to RT-PCR. 11 of the 20 AGID negative animals tested positive for nPCR and 12 of the 20 AGID negative animals tested positive for RT-PCR. Regarding molecular tests, of the 12 animals that were negative for the nPCR, five were positive for RT-PCR and 10 animals negative for RT-PCR, 3 were positive for nPCR. The sensitivity of nPCR to AGID was 82% while the specificity was 40%; the concordance test between nPCR and AGID was k = 0.316, considered weak while the sensitivity of RT-PCR with AGID was 91% with a specificity of 40%; the concordance test between the two tests was k = 0.222 also considered weak. The RT-PCR technique is presented as a viable alternative within the group of techniques for the diagnosis of bovine enzootic leukosis virus, particularly in an eventual control program and its eradication in conservation centers of Creole races where it is required to maintain a strict control of animal health.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46576753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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