Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i267.5350
A. Oyeleke, O. Adeyemi, E. B. Egbeyale, O. A. Obasa, O. A. Okukenu
A total of 288 eight-weeks-old Isa brown pullets arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial experimental layout were used to evaluate the growth response, organ development, haematology and serum biochemistry of growing pullets administered aqueous extract of Petiveria alliacea. After balancing for weight the birds were allotted into 8 treatments comprising pullets administered aqueous root extract at 4 concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45 ɡ/l) and aqueous leaf extract at 4 concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45 ɡ/l). Each treatment was replicated 3 times with 12 birds per replicate. Phytochemical analysis showed that Alkaloid, Phenolics, Antioxidant, Tannin, Phytate, Steroid, Anthraquinone and Oxalate concentrations were higher (P 0.05) was recorded for growth performance of the growing pullets. Highest (P<0.05) weight for small intestine was recorded in control treatment (3.29%). Highest (P<0.05) caeca weight was recorded in birds maintained on 45 ɡ/l concentration of leaf extract (0.89%). Birds administered 30 ɡ/l leaf extract had the highest (P<0.05) proventriculus weight (0.56%). Birds maintained on 15 and 30 ɡ/l root extract had higher (P<0.05) values for Red blood cell count compared to other treatments. Highest (P<0.05) white blood cell count was recorded at 45 ɡ/l concentration of root extract. Highest (P<0.05) serum total protein was recorded in birds administered 45 ɡ/l leaf extract (6.00 ɡ/dl). Serum uric acid and cholesterol reduced to the lowest (P<0.05) in birds administered 45 ɡ/l root extract. The study concluded that administration of aqueous extract of Petiveria alliacea root at 45 g/l concentration best improved health status of growing pullets without impairing growth.
采用2 × 4因子试验设计，对288只8周龄仔鸡的生长反应、器官发育、血液学和血清生化进行了研究。平衡体重后，将雏鸟分为8个处理，分别给予4种浓度(0、15、30和45毫克/升)的水根提取物和4种浓度(0、15、30和45毫克/升)的水叶提取物。每个处理重复3次，每个重复12只鸡。植物化学分析表明，生物碱、酚类物质、抗氧化剂、单宁、植酸盐、类固醇、蒽醌和草酸盐浓度对生长仔鸡的生长性能影响显著(P < 0.05)。对照组小肠重量最高(3.29%)，P<0.05。叶提取物浓度为45 μ g /l时，盲肠重最高(0.89%)(P<0.05)。30 μ g /l叶提取物处理的雏鸟前室重最高(P<0.05)，为0.56%。与其他处理相比，根提取物浓度为15和30 (P<0.05)的处理红细胞计数显著增加。根提取物浓度为45 μ g /l时白细胞计数最高(P<0.05)。血清总蛋白以叶叶提取物45 (6.00)/l组最高(P<0.05)。45 μ g /l根提取物组血清尿酸和胆固醇降至最低(P<0.05)。结果表明，以45 g/l浓度的葱韭根水提液处理，在不影响生长的情况下，最能改善幼苗的健康状况。
{"title":"Respuesta de crecimiento, desarrollo de órganos e índices sanguíneos de pollitas en crecimiento con extractos acuosos de Petiveria alliacea","authors":"A. Oyeleke, O. Adeyemi, E. B. Egbeyale, O. A. Obasa, O. A. Okukenu","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i267.5350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i267.5350","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 288 eight-weeks-old Isa brown pullets arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial experimental layout were used to evaluate the growth response, organ development, haematology and serum biochemistry of growing pullets administered aqueous extract of Petiveria alliacea. After balancing for weight the birds were allotted into 8 treatments comprising pullets administered aqueous root extract at 4 concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45 ɡ/l) and aqueous leaf extract at 4 concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45 ɡ/l). Each treatment was replicated 3 times with 12 birds per replicate. Phytochemical analysis showed that Alkaloid, Phenolics, Antioxidant, Tannin, Phytate, Steroid, Anthraquinone and Oxalate concentrations were higher (P 0.05) was recorded for growth performance of the growing pullets. Highest (P<0.05) weight for small intestine was recorded in control treatment (3.29%). Highest (P<0.05) caeca weight was recorded in birds maintained on 45 ɡ/l concentration of leaf extract (0.89%). Birds administered 30 ɡ/l leaf extract had the highest (P<0.05) proventriculus weight (0.56%). Birds maintained on 15 and 30 ɡ/l root extract had higher (P<0.05) values for Red blood cell count compared to other treatments. Highest (P<0.05) white blood cell count was recorded at 45 ɡ/l concentration of root extract. Highest (P<0.05) serum total protein was recorded in birds administered 45 ɡ/l leaf extract (6.00 ɡ/dl). Serum uric acid and cholesterol reduced to the lowest (P<0.05) in birds administered 45 ɡ/l root extract. The study concluded that administration of aqueous extract of Petiveria alliacea root at 45 g/l concentration best improved health status of growing pullets without impairing growth.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42357463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i267.5353
M. Fioravanti, T. Freitas, M. I. Moura, G. L. Costa, J. Días, L. P. Guimarães, M. M. Gómez, V. Landi
Interest genetic variability loss has taken importance not only the production but also because it may have negative effect on the epidemiology of animal diseases. Livestock activity can present considerable periodic economic losses due to animal disposal, reduced productivity, failure to express the genetic potential of animals, treatment costs, labour and professional assistance, closing of trade due to sanitary barriers and competition with foreign markets. Thus, disease resistance is a desired attribute in livestock production and animal health may be limiting in cattle production systems. Some confusion in terminology exist: resistance is defined as the ability of the host to exert some degree of control over the pathogen’s life cycle, while tolerance defines the impact of infection on animal performance. A concept very close to tolerance is resilience, which can be defined as maintaining the animal’s productive capacity in the face of infection. There are numerous reports indicating local breeds as an important reservoir of naturally genetics resistance to disease as a process of adaptability to the environment. Referring to the main diseases of domestic animals (tuberculosis, brucellosis, foot-and-mouth disease, etc.), numerous genes have been identified and studied as biomarkers for resistance and tolerance like the BOLA complex, CD, NOD and SLC11A1 genes among the most important. Although the limiting factor for breeding programs to include genetic disease resistance is the need to quantify resistance phenotypes. This can be expensive and logistically difficult, and is a significant barrier to selection for disease resistance. For this reason, disease resistance characteristics are an attractive target for genomic studies and are generally the subject of these studies.
{"title":"Resistencia y resiliencia a las enfermedades en las razas de rumiantes locales: un enfoque en América del Sur","authors":"M. Fioravanti, T. Freitas, M. I. Moura, G. L. Costa, J. Días, L. P. Guimarães, M. M. Gómez, V. Landi","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i267.5353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i267.5353","url":null,"abstract":"Interest genetic variability loss has taken importance not only the production but also because it may have negative effect on the epidemiology of animal diseases. Livestock activity can present considerable periodic economic losses due to animal disposal, reduced productivity, failure to express the genetic potential of animals, treatment costs, labour and professional assistance, closing of trade due to sanitary barriers and competition with foreign markets. Thus, disease resistance is a desired attribute in livestock production and animal health may be limiting in cattle production systems. Some confusion in terminology exist: resistance is defined as the ability of the host to exert some degree of control over the pathogen’s life cycle, while tolerance defines the impact of infection on animal performance. A concept very close to tolerance is resilience, which can be defined as maintaining the animal’s productive capacity in the face of infection. There are numerous reports indicating local breeds as an important reservoir of naturally genetics resistance to disease as a process of adaptability to the environment. Referring to the main diseases of domestic animals (tuberculosis, brucellosis, foot-and-mouth disease, etc.), numerous genes have been identified and studied as biomarkers for resistance and tolerance like the BOLA complex, CD, NOD and SLC11A1 genes among the most important. Although the limiting factor for breeding programs to include genetic disease resistance is the need to quantify resistance phenotypes. This can be expensive and logistically difficult, and is a significant barrier to selection for disease resistance. For this reason, disease resistance characteristics are an attractive target for genomic studies and are generally the subject of these studies.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47942029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i267.5355
Jomara Broch, I. Silva, I. C. P. Filho, C. D. Souza, L. Wachholz, C. Eyng, R. Nunes
espanolO objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os valores energeticos e a composicao quimica do residuo seco de fecularia (RSF) para frangos de corte. Os tratamentos foram distribuidos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 2x5, constituidos de dois sexos e cinco niveis de inclusao do RSF (0; 10; 20; 30 e 40%), totalizando dez tratamentos e quatro repeticoes, com quatro aves por unidade experimental. O periodo experimental teve duracao de dez dias, sendo cinco dias de adaptacao e cinco de coleta de excretas. As amostras de excretas, racoes e RSF foram secas em estufas de circulacao forcada de ar a 55oC. A composicao bromatologica para o RSF foi de 89,86% de MS, 0,98% de PB, 3519 kcal kg-1 de EB, 0,19% de EE, 27% de FDN, 19,5% de FDA, 0,33% de calcio, 0,43% de fosforo, 0,46% de potassio, 0,12% de magnesio, na materia natural. Os valores medios de energia metabolizavel aparente (EMA), EMA corrigida pelo balanco de nitrogenio (EMAn), coeficiente da EMA (CMA) e coeficiente da EMAn (CMAn) do RSF, na materia natural, foram de 1598 kcal kg-1, 1605 kcal kg-1, 45,42% e 45,61%, respectivamente. De acordo com as equacoes o valor de EMAn encontrado pode variar de 1789 kcal kg-1 a 1808 kcal kg-1. EnglishThe objective was to determine the energy values and the chemical composition of dry residue of cassava (DRC) for broiler chickens through two methodologies. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with two sexes and five levels of inclusion of RDC (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%), totaling ten treatments and four replicates, with four birds each. The experimental period lasted ten days, five days of adaptation and five excreta collection. The samples of excreta, feed and DRC were dried in forced circulation greenhouses air at 55 °C. The chemical composition for the DRC was 89.86% DM, 0.98% CP, 3519 kcal kg-1 EB, 0.19% EE, 27% NDF, 19.5% ADF, 0.33% calcium, 0.43% phosphorus, 0.46% potassium and 0.12% magnesium, in the natural matter. The mean values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) AME coefficient (CAME) and coefficient of AMEn (CAMEn) of DRC in natural matter were 1598 kcal kg-1, 1605 kcal kg-1, 45.42% and 45.61%, respectively. According to equations the AMEn value found may vary from 1789 kcal kg-1 to 1808 kcal kg-1.
{"title":"Determinação dos valores energéticos e da composição química do resíduo seco de fecularia para frangos de corte","authors":"Jomara Broch, I. Silva, I. C. P. Filho, C. D. Souza, L. Wachholz, C. Eyng, R. Nunes","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i267.5355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i267.5355","url":null,"abstract":"espanolO objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os valores energeticos e a composicao quimica do residuo seco de fecularia (RSF) para frangos de corte. Os tratamentos foram distribuidos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 2x5, constituidos de dois sexos e cinco niveis de inclusao do RSF (0; 10; 20; 30 e 40%), totalizando dez tratamentos e quatro repeticoes, com quatro aves por unidade experimental. O periodo experimental teve duracao de dez dias, sendo cinco dias de adaptacao e cinco de coleta de excretas. As amostras de excretas, racoes e RSF foram secas em estufas de circulacao forcada de ar a 55oC. A composicao bromatologica para o RSF foi de 89,86% de MS, 0,98% de PB, 3519 kcal kg-1 de EB, 0,19% de EE, 27% de FDN, 19,5% de FDA, 0,33% de calcio, 0,43% de fosforo, 0,46% de potassio, 0,12% de magnesio, na materia natural. Os valores medios de energia metabolizavel aparente (EMA), EMA corrigida pelo balanco de nitrogenio (EMAn), coeficiente da EMA (CMA) e coeficiente da EMAn (CMAn) do RSF, na materia natural, foram de 1598 kcal kg-1, 1605 kcal kg-1, 45,42% e 45,61%, respectivamente. De acordo com as equacoes o valor de EMAn encontrado pode variar de 1789 kcal kg-1 a 1808 kcal kg-1. EnglishThe objective was to determine the energy values and the chemical composition of dry residue of cassava (DRC) for broiler chickens through two methodologies. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with two sexes and five levels of inclusion of RDC (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%), totaling ten treatments and four replicates, with four birds each. The experimental period lasted ten days, five days of adaptation and five excreta collection. The samples of excreta, feed and DRC were dried in forced circulation greenhouses air at 55 °C. The chemical composition for the DRC was 89.86% DM, 0.98% CP, 3519 kcal kg-1 EB, 0.19% EE, 27% NDF, 19.5% ADF, 0.33% calcium, 0.43% phosphorus, 0.46% potassium and 0.12% magnesium, in the natural matter. The mean values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) AME coefficient (CAME) and coefficient of AMEn (CAMEn) of DRC in natural matter were 1598 kcal kg-1, 1605 kcal kg-1, 45.42% and 45.61%, respectively. According to equations the AMEn value found may vary from 1789 kcal kg-1 to 1808 kcal kg-1.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42048838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i265.5035
L. A. Solís-Lucas, M. R. Lanari, M. Oyarzabal
It was proposed to typify phenotypically the goats of the Santa Elena province, Ecuador, and to test if there were different phenotypes. 344 animals were sampled in different types of production systems. The following variables were observed: a) morphological: coat color pattern and coat color (CCP, CC); fur and fur characteristics (FUR, CHF); pigmentation of skin, mucous membranes and hooves (SP, PMM, HP); size and arrangement of ears (ES, EO); facial profile (FP); mamellas (M); beard (B); type and orientation of horns (HT, HO); shape of rump (SR); b) morpho-structural: length and width head (HL, HW); face length (FL); ear length (EL); shoulder width (SW); depth and girth chest (CHD, CHG); cannon perimeter (CP); body length (BL); height at withers (HAW); length and width of rump (RL, RW). The multivariate analyzes performed showed 3 groups: 1) small animals; CC: red (35%), pied (33%); PMM: pigmented (43%); B: presence (44%); FP: straight (83%); ES: small (89%); EO: horizontal (47%), erect (42%); HT: arched (68%); SR: slight slope (89%). 2) wider and longer animals; medium height; CC: black (38%), red (35%); FP: straight (55%), slight convex (34%); ES: small (37%), medium (38%); EO: horizontal, erect and pendolous (84%); HT: arched (58%), curved (38%); SR: slight slope (71%). 3) taller animals; greater RL and BW; PMM: pigmented (24%); B: presence (19%); CC: red (41%), black (36%); FP: slight convex (58%), straight (39%); ES: long (51%), pendolous (64%); HT: arched (45%), straight (43%); SR: slight slope (75%). Group 1 corresponded to the oldest biotype of Santa Elena that would represent the Creole phenotype, the other two would be the result of crossings due to introductions of other races coming mainly from Loja (southern Ecuador) and Peru.
{"title":"Caracterización fenotípica de la población caprina de la provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador","authors":"L. A. Solís-Lucas, M. R. Lanari, M. Oyarzabal","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i265.5035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i265.5035","url":null,"abstract":"It was proposed to typify phenotypically the goats of the Santa Elena province, Ecuador, and to test if there were different phenotypes. 344 animals were sampled in different types of production systems. The following variables were observed: a) morphological: coat color pattern and coat color (CCP, CC); fur and fur characteristics (FUR, CHF); pigmentation of skin, mucous membranes and hooves (SP, PMM, HP); size and arrangement of ears (ES, EO); facial profile (FP); mamellas (M); beard (B); type and orientation of horns (HT, HO); shape of rump (SR); b) morpho-structural: length and width head (HL, HW); face length (FL); ear length (EL); shoulder width (SW); depth and girth chest (CHD, CHG); cannon perimeter (CP); body length (BL); height at withers (HAW); length and width of rump (RL, RW). The multivariate analyzes performed showed 3 groups: 1) small animals; CC: red (35%), pied (33%); PMM: pigmented (43%); B: presence (44%); FP: straight (83%); ES: small (89%); EO: horizontal (47%), erect (42%); HT: arched (68%); SR: slight slope (89%). 2) wider and longer animals; medium height; CC: black (38%), red (35%); FP: straight (55%), slight convex (34%); ES: small (37%), medium (38%); EO: horizontal, erect and pendolous (84%); HT: arched (58%), curved (38%); SR: slight slope (71%). 3) taller animals; greater RL and BW; PMM: pigmented (24%); B: presence (19%); CC: red (41%), black (36%); FP: slight convex (58%), straight (39%); ES: long (51%), pendolous (64%); HT: arched (45%), straight (43%); SR: slight slope (75%). Group 1 corresponded to the oldest biotype of Santa Elena that would represent the Creole phenotype, the other two would be the result of crossings due to introductions of other races coming mainly from Loja (southern Ecuador) and Peru.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43038923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i266.5109
A. Amaya, W. Burgos, R. Martínez, M. Cerón-Muñoz
The massive use of a few bulls in artificial insemination programs affects the structure and genetic composition of a population. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity, population stratification, patterns of ancestry and linkage disequilibrium in Simmental cattle. A sample of 233 genotyped animals with 30.106 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was used. Principal components analysis and probabilistic assignments were performed to estimate patterns of genetic subdivision and ancestry. Linkage disequilibrium was estimated as the square of the genetic correlation coefficient between SNP´s. The principal components analysis did not show genetic subdivision patterns within the population. However, the analysis of ancestry showed a genetic subdivision of three groups. A value of 0.3 for linkage disequilibrium was found at a distance of 33 kb. Results indicate that imported genetic material from populations with different breeding goals and selection criteria could contribute to changes on genetic structure.
{"title":"Desequilibrio de ligamiento, estratificación y patrones de ancestría en ganado Simmental","authors":"A. Amaya, W. Burgos, R. Martínez, M. Cerón-Muñoz","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i266.5109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i266.5109","url":null,"abstract":"The massive use of a few bulls in artificial insemination programs affects the structure and genetic composition of a population. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity, population stratification, patterns of ancestry and linkage disequilibrium in Simmental cattle. A sample of 233 genotyped animals with 30.106 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was used. Principal components analysis and probabilistic assignments were performed to estimate patterns of genetic subdivision and ancestry. Linkage disequilibrium was estimated as the square of the genetic correlation coefficient between SNP´s. The principal components analysis did not show genetic subdivision patterns within the population. However, the analysis of ancestry showed a genetic subdivision of three groups. A value of 0.3 for linkage disequilibrium was found at a distance of 33 kb. Results indicate that imported genetic material from populations with different breeding goals and selection criteria could contribute to changes on genetic structure.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46349372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i266.5120
Amanda Nunes Assis dos Anjos, C. Viegas, R. S. Gomes, J. Souza
The estimation of the chemical-bromatological composition of foods involves a series of studies that mainly evaluate the fibrous fraction, since it presents great variability when compared to the other components. The growing number of publications on the analytical techniques available for determining the nutritional value of food end up generalizing the use of poorly defined terms. There are several techniques for evaluating forage components, the detergent system being the most used, although there are more modern methods. However, the accessibility and cost of these modern methods are factors that limit their use in various laboratories. Moreover, some of these methods are not recognized as an official method of analysis. In this context, the objectives of this review were: to highlight the most important concepts in determining the nutritional value of foods; improve the use and difficulties of interpretation of analytical results. It was concluded that the use of analytical methods allows to estimate the composition and availability of different fractions of the cell wall. But variability of cell wall constituents requires knowledge of the different analytical methodologies available. Analytical methods, traditional or alternative, are still empirical as they present different results for the same analysis. These variations are mostly generated by the differences between the steps of the analytical procedures. It is clear that the improvement of analytical methods is extremely important for estimating the nutritional value of foods.
{"title":"Métodos utilizados para determinação dos constituintes da fração fibrosa, uma revisão","authors":"Amanda Nunes Assis dos Anjos, C. Viegas, R. S. Gomes, J. Souza","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i266.5120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i266.5120","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of the chemical-bromatological composition of foods involves a series of studies that mainly evaluate the fibrous fraction, since it presents great variability when compared to the other components. The growing number of publications on the analytical techniques available for determining the nutritional value of food end up generalizing the use of poorly defined terms. There are several techniques for evaluating forage components, the detergent system being the most used, although there are more modern methods. However, the accessibility and cost of these modern methods are factors that limit their use in various laboratories. Moreover, some of these methods are not recognized as an official method of analysis. In this context, the objectives of this review were: to highlight the most important concepts in determining the nutritional value of foods; improve the use and difficulties of interpretation of analytical results. It was concluded that the use of analytical methods allows to estimate the composition and availability of different fractions of the cell wall. But variability of cell wall constituents requires knowledge of the different analytical methodologies available. Analytical methods, traditional or alternative, are still empirical as they present different results for the same analysis. These variations are mostly generated by the differences between the steps of the analytical procedures. It is clear that the improvement of analytical methods is extremely important for estimating the nutritional value of foods.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41849095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i266.5113
F. H. Arce, A. M. Cervantes, O. T. Araiza, O. Morales
The weaning stress can modify the intestinal health of piglets; at this period arginine become essential, because its role at the polyamine synthesis, that are important to maintain cell viability and proliferation in the intestinal epithelium. The expression of enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and spermine/spermidine acetyl transferase (SSAT), associated to arginine and polyamines synthesis on mucosae of small intestine from weaned pigs, was analyzed. Twenty-four pigs, weaned at 28 days of age were slaughtered at 0, 3, 7 and 14 days post-weaning. Mucosal samples were collected of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, to analyze the relative expression of ASS and SSAT. The ASS expression in duodenum increased at d3 (P 0.10). In general, the expression of ASS and SSAT was higher in ileum compared to duodenum and jejunum (P<0.05). In conclusion postweaning stress increases the expression of ASS and SSAT in intestinal mucosa from piglets in the first three days after weaning.
{"title":"Expresión de enzimas relacionadas con la síntesis de poliaminas en mucosa intestinal de cerdos recién destetados","authors":"F. H. Arce, A. M. Cervantes, O. T. Araiza, O. Morales","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i266.5113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i266.5113","url":null,"abstract":"The weaning stress can modify the intestinal health of piglets; at this period arginine become essential, because its role at the polyamine synthesis, that are important to maintain cell viability and proliferation in the intestinal epithelium. The expression of enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and spermine/spermidine acetyl transferase (SSAT), associated to arginine and polyamines synthesis on mucosae of small intestine from weaned pigs, was analyzed. Twenty-four pigs, weaned at 28 days of age were slaughtered at 0, 3, 7 and 14 days post-weaning. Mucosal samples were collected of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, to analyze the relative expression of ASS and SSAT. The ASS expression in duodenum increased at d3 (P 0.10). In general, the expression of ASS and SSAT was higher in ileum compared to duodenum and jejunum (P<0.05). In conclusion postweaning stress increases the expression of ASS and SSAT in intestinal mucosa from piglets in the first three days after weaning.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46670392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i266.5116
G. Martha, Marcella Cândia D'Oliveira, Marcelo Vedovatto, I. M. C. Neto, J. M. D. S. Diogo, G. L. Franco
The objective was to evaluate the substitution of soybean meal (SM) of the protein supplement for encapsulated urea (UE; Optigen ®) on performance of beef calves during the dry season. Sixty Nellore calves were used, with body weight (BW) of 172.37 ± 19.93 kg, kept under grazing pasture of marandu-grass. The treatments were: 0% UE (100% SM e 0% UE); 25% UE (75% SM e 25% UE); 75% UE (25% SM e 75% UE); 100% UE (0% SM e 100% UE). A randomized blocks design was used with three replicates. There was no effect of the level of substitution of SM by UE on the average daily gain (ADG) and BW. ADG and BW were influenced by the period. For ADG the highest value observed in the last period (days 112-140) and smaller on the second period (day 56-112). There was an increase in BW until day 56, which did not differ from day 112 and then increased on day 140. The supplement intake was reduced by the inclusion of UE. It can be concluded that in pastures containing green leaf, the SM can be replace by UE without adversely affecting the productive performance of calves in the dry season.
{"title":"Desempenho de bezerros depois da inclusão de ureia de liberação lenta em suplemento proteico para bovinos","authors":"G. Martha, Marcella Cândia D'Oliveira, Marcelo Vedovatto, I. M. C. Neto, J. M. D. S. Diogo, G. L. Franco","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i266.5116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i266.5116","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate the substitution of soybean meal (SM) of the protein supplement for encapsulated urea (UE; Optigen ®) on performance of beef calves during the dry season. Sixty Nellore calves were used, with body weight (BW) of 172.37 ± 19.93 kg, kept under grazing pasture of marandu-grass. The treatments were: 0% UE (100% SM e 0% UE); 25% UE (75% SM e 25% UE); 75% UE (25% SM e 75% UE); 100% UE (0% SM e 100% UE). A randomized blocks design was used with three replicates. There was no effect of the level of substitution of SM by UE on the average daily gain (ADG) and BW. ADG and BW were influenced by the period. For ADG the highest value observed in the last period (days 112-140) and smaller on the second period (day 56-112). There was an increase in BW until day 56, which did not differ from day 112 and then increased on day 140. The supplement intake was reduced by the inclusion of UE. It can be concluded that in pastures containing green leaf, the SM can be replace by UE without adversely affecting the productive performance of calves in the dry season.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45744802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i265.5048
J. L. Genova, R. B. Rodrigues, J. Martins, M. Uczay, J. Henriques
O pólen apícola é um produto natural constituído de vários nutrientes, rico em aminoácidos livres e com baixo teor de gordura, além de propriedades profiláticas e terapêuticas, enquanto que a própolis é um produto natural utilizado de diversas formas como apiterápico na medicina popular e agente anti-inflamatório. Pesquisas estão sendo realizadas visando à utilização de ingredientes alternativos na produção animal com o intuito de promover um melhor desempenho zootécnico e melhorar a higidez dos animais que estão submetidos a condições estressantes na produção. Neste sentido, os produtos de origem apícola estão sendo utilizados como aditivos alimentares terapêuticos e estão mostrando benefícios aos animais em diversos estudos. Contudo, há uma grande divergência nos resultados encontrados na literatura quanto ao uso correto destes aditivos apícolas e aos reais benefícios quando empregados na nutrição animal, tornando a compilação destes dados e debate dos mesmos relevantes. Tendo em vista a composição nutricional e efeitos terapêuticos destes dois produtos apícolas e os possíveis benefícios que os mesmos podem trazer para os animais de produção. Assim, esta revisão bibliográfica foi realizada com o objetivo de debater sobre as principais propriedades terapêuticas e utilização do pólen e da própolis apícola na nutrição de animais não ruminantes.
{"title":"Própolis e pólen apícola na nutrição de animais não ruminantes","authors":"J. L. Genova, R. B. Rodrigues, J. Martins, M. Uczay, J. Henriques","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i265.5048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i265.5048","url":null,"abstract":"O pólen apícola é um produto natural constituído de vários nutrientes, rico em aminoácidos livres e com baixo teor de gordura, além de propriedades profiláticas e terapêuticas, enquanto que a própolis é um produto natural utilizado de diversas formas como apiterápico na medicina popular e agente anti-inflamatório. Pesquisas estão sendo realizadas visando à utilização de ingredientes alternativos na produção animal com o intuito de promover um melhor desempenho zootécnico e melhorar a higidez dos animais que estão submetidos a condições estressantes na produção. Neste sentido, os produtos de origem apícola estão sendo utilizados como aditivos alimentares terapêuticos e estão mostrando benefícios aos animais em diversos estudos. Contudo, há uma grande divergência nos resultados encontrados na literatura quanto ao uso correto destes aditivos apícolas e aos reais benefícios quando empregados na nutrição animal, tornando a compilação destes dados e debate dos mesmos relevantes. Tendo em vista a composição nutricional e efeitos terapêuticos destes dois produtos apícolas e os possíveis benefícios que os mesmos podem trazer para os animais de produção. Assim, esta revisão bibliográfica foi realizada com o objetivo de debater sobre as principais propriedades terapêuticas e utilização do pólen e da própolis apícola na nutrição de animais não ruminantes.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67774961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-15DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i265.5040
M. O. Oliveira, D. D. B. Luiz, G. A. Martins, V. Santos
Tambaqui is traditionally consumed at a commercial size of 1.0 to 3.0 kg However, it is also consumed at between 0.350 to 0.450 kg, this size being referred to as tambaqui curumim (C). The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of tambaqui at the commercial size (CS) and to characterize the nutritional value and yield of tambaqui belonging to the two size classes Curumim and CS originating from net cages. The effect of size on the centesimal composition and fish yield was evaluated in a completely randomized design with 12 repetitions while for the microbiological analysis one fish from each net cage was used. C showed protein, ash and moisture contents above those of CS, whereas the ether extract was higher for CS. The yields were 70.04% for C and 65.55% for CS. 50% of the samples showed contamination by Staphylococcus aureus, all values being within the Brazilian’s regulation limits. Salmonella spp. was found in 91.67% of the samples while 75% showed contamination by total coliforms and 8.34% by Escherichia coli. C showed a suitable nutritional value and a better yield in relation to CS. The addition of C to the diet will depend on its acceptance in the markets where its commercialization is not yet established. The microbiological results suggest a tendency of the species to harbor Salmonella spp. on the body surface.
{"title":"Tambaqui de tanque-rede: qualidade microbiológica, valor nutricional e rendimento","authors":"M. O. Oliveira, D. D. B. Luiz, G. A. Martins, V. Santos","doi":"10.21071/az.v69i265.5040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i265.5040","url":null,"abstract":"Tambaqui is traditionally consumed at a commercial size of 1.0 to 3.0 kg However, it is also consumed at between 0.350 to 0.450 kg, this size being referred to as tambaqui curumim (C). The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of tambaqui at the commercial size (CS) and to characterize the nutritional value and yield of tambaqui belonging to the two size classes Curumim and CS originating from net cages. The effect of size on the centesimal composition and fish yield was evaluated in a completely randomized design with 12 repetitions while for the microbiological analysis one fish from each net cage was used. C showed protein, ash and moisture contents above those of CS, whereas the ether extract was higher for CS. The yields were 70.04% for C and 65.55% for CS. 50% of the samples showed contamination by Staphylococcus aureus, all values being within the Brazilian’s regulation limits. Salmonella spp. was found in 91.67% of the samples while 75% showed contamination by total coliforms and 8.34% by Escherichia coli. C showed a suitable nutritional value and a better yield in relation to CS. The addition of C to the diet will depend on its acceptance in the markets where its commercialization is not yet established. The microbiological results suggest a tendency of the species to harbor Salmonella spp. on the body surface.","PeriodicalId":40003,"journal":{"name":"Archivos de Zootecnia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49526628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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