The anomalous pressure dip beneath granular piles presents an enduring challenge in granular mechanics, arising from a complex interplay of deposition history and particle properties. This study systematically investigates the roles of basal friction, interparticle cohesion (quantified by the granular Bond number), and particle shape on this phenomenon. Combining load-cell experiments with Discrete Element Method simulations for both spherical and non-spherical clinoptilolite particles, we demonstrate that the pressure dip diminishes and ultimately vanishes as basal roughness increases. This trend is markedly more pronounced for non-spherical particles. Furthermore, while interparticle cohesion significantly increases the angle of repose, it systematically reduces the magnitude of the pressure dip, an effect quantified by a Center Relative Pressure Deviation Ratio. Our findings suggest that the pressure dip emerges under a critical balance between particle rearrangement and stress transmission, underscoring the decisive roles of boundary constraints and bulk flowability.
{"title":"Effects of friction and cohesion on the pressure dip of granular pile","authors":"Shengqiao Ding , Qijun Zheng , Kaiwei Chu , Runyu Yang , Aibing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anomalous pressure dip beneath granular piles presents an enduring challenge in granular mechanics, arising from a complex interplay of deposition history and particle properties. This study systematically investigates the roles of basal friction, interparticle cohesion (quantified by the granular Bond number), and particle shape on this phenomenon. Combining load-cell experiments with Discrete Element Method simulations for both spherical and non-spherical clinoptilolite particles, we demonstrate that the pressure dip diminishes and ultimately vanishes as basal roughness increases. This trend is markedly more pronounced for non-spherical particles. Furthermore, while interparticle cohesion significantly increases the angle of repose, it systematically reduces the magnitude of the pressure dip, an effect quantified by a Center Relative Pressure Deviation Ratio. Our findings suggest that the pressure dip emerges under a critical balance between particle rearrangement and stress transmission, underscoring the decisive roles of boundary constraints and bulk flowability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 254-268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.021
Puwen Fan, Jian Liu, Ping Wang, Rong Huang, Jiamei Hao, Dongdong He
The extraction of lithium, a critical element for clean energy and advanced energy storage, faces challenges because its stable occurrence within aluminosilicate lattices in clay-type ores renders conventional high-energy extraction processes highly inefficient. This study aimed to develop a mild and efficient extraction method for Li from a silicate clay-type lithium ore. A mixed-acid (H2SO4-HF) leaching strategy combined with water washing was employed under ambient temperature and pressure. The results showed a high lithium leaching efficiency of 95.51 %. Mechanistic studies revealing that HF disrupts Si–O bonds to release lithium while H2SO4 facilitates Li + ion exchange. Mineralogical analyses confirmed the formation of K2SiF6 and the development of 50–200 nm etch pits on mineral surfaces. This work demonstrates a low-energy, high-efficiency route for lithium extraction, providing significant technical support for the green development of clay-type lithium resources.
{"title":"Unraveling the mechanism of efficient lithium extraction from clay-type ore with HF–H2SO4 at ambient temperature","authors":"Puwen Fan, Jian Liu, Ping Wang, Rong Huang, Jiamei Hao, Dongdong He","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extraction of lithium, a critical element for clean energy and advanced energy storage, faces challenges because its stable occurrence within aluminosilicate lattices in clay-type ores renders conventional high-energy extraction processes highly inefficient. This study aimed to develop a mild and efficient extraction method for Li from a silicate clay-type lithium ore. A mixed-acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-HF) leaching strategy combined with water washing was employed under ambient temperature and pressure. The results showed a high lithium leaching efficiency of 95.51 %. Mechanistic studies revealing that HF disrupts Si–O bonds to release lithium while H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> facilitates Li <sup>+</sup> ion exchange. Mineralogical analyses confirmed the formation of K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub> and the development of 50–200 nm etch pits on mineral surfaces. This work demonstrates a low-energy, high-efficiency route for lithium extraction, providing significant technical support for the green development of clay-type lithium resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 269-279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.023
Ye Wang, Yuxin Xie, Xiaojing Guo, Xi Yan, Yan Chen, Ping Hu, Peng Cheng, Wanzhong Lang
The solid-state synthesis of H2TiO3 (HTO) lithium ion-sieves is highly sensitive to the particle size of the TiO2 precursor, which governs both structural properties and ultimate adsorption performance. This study reveals a striking morphological convergence during the synthesis of Li2TiO3 (LTO) intermediates: despite employing TiO2 precursors spanning 15–40 nm, the resulting LTO particles consistently exhibited a narrow size range of 28–32 nm, indicating a distinctive size-regulation mechanism in the solid-state reaction. In contrast, precursors ≥60 nm led to fragmented structures with reduced crystallinity. Leveraging this finding, we identified 40 nm as a critical precursor size for crafting optimal HTO adsorbents. The 40 nm-derived HTO (40-HTO) delivered a superior equilibrium Li+ adsorption capacity of 58.02 mg g−1, a pseudo-second-order rate constant 2.3-fold higher than that of its 150 nm-derived counterpart, and exceptional cyclic stability (<0.15 % Ti dissolution over 10 cycles). Importantly, in a simulated concentrated brine with a high Mg2+/Li+ mass ratio of 20, 40-HTO maintained a high Li+ uptake of 36.5 mg g−1 and exhibited exceptional selectivity, with a separation factor as high as 780. This work underscores precursor size engineering, targeting a critical size threshold, as a vital strategy for developing high-efficiency lithium ion-sieves.
固态合成的H2TiO3 （HTO）锂离子筛对TiO2前驱体的粒径高度敏感，这决定了其结构性能和最终吸附性能。本研究揭示了Li2TiO3 （LTO）中间体合成过程中惊人的形态收敛：尽管采用了15-40 nm的TiO2前驱体，但所得到的LTO颗粒始终保持在28-32 nm的狭窄尺寸范围内，这表明在固态反应中存在独特的尺寸调节机制。相反，前驱体≥60 nm导致结晶度降低的碎片化结构。利用这一发现，我们确定了40nm作为制作最佳HTO吸附剂的关键前驱体尺寸。40 nm衍生的HTO （40-HTO）具有58.02 mg g - 1的优异平衡Li+吸附容量，伪二级速率常数比150 nm衍生的HTO高2.3倍，并且具有优异的循环稳定性（在10个循环中溶解了0.15%的Ti）。重要的是，在Mg2+/Li+质量比为20的模拟浓盐水中，40-HTO保持了36.5 mg g - 1的高Li+吸收量，并表现出优异的选择性，分离因子高达780。这项工作强调了前驱体尺寸工程，目标是一个临界尺寸阈值，作为开发高效锂离子筛的重要策略。
{"title":"Morphological convergence in solid-state synthesis: Unveiling the critical role of TiO2 precursor size for high-performance H2TiO3 lithium ion-sieves","authors":"Ye Wang, Yuxin Xie, Xiaojing Guo, Xi Yan, Yan Chen, Ping Hu, Peng Cheng, Wanzhong Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solid-state synthesis of H<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (HTO) lithium ion-sieves is highly sensitive to the particle size of the TiO<sub>2</sub> precursor, which governs both structural properties and ultimate adsorption performance. This study reveals a striking morphological convergence during the synthesis of Li<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (LTO) intermediates: despite employing TiO<sub>2</sub> precursors spanning 15–40 nm, the resulting LTO particles consistently exhibited a narrow size range of 28–32 nm, indicating a distinctive size-regulation mechanism in the solid-state reaction. In contrast, precursors ≥60 nm led to fragmented structures with reduced crystallinity. Leveraging this finding, we identified 40 nm as a critical precursor size for crafting optimal HTO adsorbents. The 40 nm-derived HTO (40-HTO) delivered a superior equilibrium Li<sup>+</sup> adsorption capacity of 58.02 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, a pseudo-second-order rate constant 2.3-fold higher than that of its 150 nm-derived counterpart, and exceptional cyclic stability (<0.15 % Ti dissolution over 10 cycles). Importantly, in a simulated concentrated brine with a high Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Li<sup>+</sup> mass ratio of 20, 40-HTO maintained a high Li<sup>+</sup> uptake of 36.5 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and exhibited exceptional selectivity, with a separation factor as high as 780. This work underscores precursor size engineering, targeting a critical size threshold, as a vital strategy for developing high-efficiency lithium ion-sieves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.008
Sara Scolari, Davide Mombelli, Gianluca Dall’Osto, Carlo Mapelli
The selection of a suitable binder is crucial to ensure efficient powder agglomeration and high mechanical stability of briquettes. In ironmaking and steelmaking, binders must have low silica, low ash, high environmental sustainability, and compatibility with furnace lining and slag. Gelatinized corn starch has shown good performance with several residues (e.g., jarosite, red mud, mill scale), but it has not provided consistent results when used with integrated steel-plant by-products. This study investigated the possibility of replacing corn starch with Arabic gum, analyzing briquettes produced from basic oxygen furnace dust combined with two reducing agents: blast furnace sludge (BFS) and secondary dust (SD). Arabic gum improved impact resistance index of BFS-containing agglomerates reaching IRI of 1000 (125 with starch), due to better particle arrangement and densification. The resulting lower porosity (34.3 % Vs 39.3 %) enhanced contact between carbon and iron oxides, raising the reduction degree to 90 % (86 % with starch). Moreover, the denser microstructure limited the swelling phenomenon observed in starch-bound briquettes during thermal treatment. In contrast, the use of SD as the reducing agent resulted in a coarser particle size, leading to a heterogeneous distribution during the mixing process with Arabic gum. This corresponded to a decrease in mechanical stability, with the briquettes surviving 5 drops compared to 10 with starch. Despite this drawback, the degree of reduction remained largely unaffected at 1200 °C.
选择合适的粘结剂是保证高效的粉末结块和高机械稳定性的关键。在炼铁和炼钢中，粘合剂必须具有低硅、低灰分、高环境可持续性以及与炉衬和炉渣的相容性。糊化玉米淀粉在处理几种残留物（如黄钾铁矾、赤泥、磨屑）时表现出良好的性能，但在处理钢铁厂综合副产品时却表现不佳。本研究探讨了用阿拉伯胶代替玉米淀粉的可能性，分析了由碱性氧炉粉尘与两种还原剂(高炉污泥（BFS）和二次粉尘（SD）混合制成的型煤。阿拉伯胶提高了含bfs的团聚体的抗冲击指数，IRI为1000（含淀粉为125），因为它具有更好的颗粒排列和致密性。由此产生的较低孔隙率（34.3% Vs 39.3%）增强了碳和铁氧化物之间的接触，将还原度提高到90%（淀粉为86%）。此外，致密的微观结构限制了淀粉结合型煤在热处理过程中观察到的膨胀现象。相反，使用SD作为还原剂导致颗粒尺寸更粗，导致在与阿拉伯胶混合过程中分布不均匀。这与机械稳定性的下降相对应，与淀粉的10滴相比，压块可以存活5滴。尽管存在这一缺陷，但在1200°C时，还原程度基本未受影响。
{"title":"Feasibility study on use of Arabic gum as alternative to corn starch in bonding self-reducing briquettes made by integrated cycle by-products","authors":"Sara Scolari, Davide Mombelli, Gianluca Dall’Osto, Carlo Mapelli","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selection of a suitable binder is crucial to ensure efficient powder agglomeration and high mechanical stability of briquettes. In ironmaking and steelmaking, binders must have low silica, low ash, high environmental sustainability, and compatibility with furnace lining and slag. Gelatinized corn starch has shown good performance with several residues (e.g., jarosite, red mud, mill scale), but it has not provided consistent results when used with integrated steel-plant by-products. This study investigated the possibility of replacing corn starch with Arabic gum, analyzing briquettes produced from basic oxygen furnace dust combined with two reducing agents: blast furnace sludge (BFS) and secondary dust (SD). Arabic gum improved impact resistance index of BFS-containing agglomerates reaching IRI of 1000 (125 with starch), due to better particle arrangement and densification. The resulting lower porosity (34.3 % Vs 39.3 %) enhanced contact between carbon and iron oxides, raising the reduction degree to 90 % (86 % with starch). Moreover, the denser microstructure limited the swelling phenomenon observed in starch-bound briquettes during thermal treatment. In contrast, the use of SD as the reducing agent resulted in a coarser particle size, leading to a heterogeneous distribution during the mixing process with Arabic gum. This corresponded to a decrease in mechanical stability, with the briquettes surviving 5 drops compared to 10 with starch. Despite this drawback, the degree of reduction remained largely unaffected at 1200 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 96-108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Membrane emulsification is an emerging energy efficient and scalable technique. In this work, the effects of hydrodynamic and colloidal forces interaction on protein stabilized emulsion prepared using an oscillatory membrane emulsification is studied. Increasing oscillation intensities resulted in smaller and more uniform droplet size distribution while different size aggregates occurred due to collision. The small size aggregates were stable against surface erosion while larger sizes were stable only at low oscillation intensities. The measured droplets sizes closely agreed with a torque balance model prediction indicating limited coalescence likely due to the stability of the protein molecules attachment to the droplet surfaces which provided steric hindrance against coalescence and breakage.
{"title":"Effect of force interactions in an oscillatory membrane emulsification system","authors":"Hassan G. Gomaa , Yuanyuan Shao , Chanyuan Zhang , Jesse Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane emulsification is an emerging energy efficient and scalable technique. In this work, the effects of hydrodynamic and colloidal forces interaction on protein stabilized emulsion prepared using an oscillatory membrane emulsification is studied. Increasing oscillation intensities resulted in smaller and more uniform droplet size distribution while different size aggregates occurred due to collision. The small size aggregates were stable against surface erosion while larger sizes were stable only at low oscillation intensities. The measured droplets sizes closely agreed with a torque balance model prediction indicating limited coalescence likely due to the stability of the protein molecules attachment to the droplet surfaces which provided steric hindrance against coalescence and breakage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.006
Sina Hassanzadeh Saraei , Bernhard Peters
The drafting, kissing, and tumbling (DKT) behavior of falling spherical particles is widely used to validate CFD–DEM models. Although many studies report tumbling in idealized systems with spherical particles, the physical origin of this motion remains unclear, especially when the density difference between the particles and the fluid is small. In this work, we revisit the classic DKT configuration using a fully resolved CFD–DEM model based on the immersed boundary method. Our analysis systematically examines whether the observed tumbling is a genuine physical phenomenon or a numerical artifact. Our results indicate that, in the absence of real world imperfections such as surface roughness or shape irregularities, tumbling is primarily caused by numerical errors rather than inherent flow instabilities. This finding challenges the conventional interpretation of DKT as a purely physical benchmark and highlights the need for caution when using tumbling to validate CFD–DEM models. By distinguishing numerical artifacts from physical effects, this study provides new guidance for model validation and has important implications for extending CFD–DEM to dense particle systems.
{"title":"Challenging the physical origin of tumbling in idealized settling of two spherical particles","authors":"Sina Hassanzadeh Saraei , Bernhard Peters","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The drafting, kissing, and tumbling (DKT) behavior of falling spherical particles is widely used to validate CFD–DEM models. Although many studies report tumbling in idealized systems with spherical particles, the physical origin of this motion remains unclear, especially when the density difference between the particles and the fluid is small. In this work, we revisit the classic DKT configuration using a fully resolved CFD–DEM model based on the immersed boundary method. Our analysis systematically examines whether the observed tumbling is a genuine physical phenomenon or a numerical artifact. Our results indicate that, in the absence of real world imperfections such as surface roughness or shape irregularities, tumbling is primarily caused by numerical errors rather than inherent flow instabilities. This finding challenges the conventional interpretation of DKT as a purely physical benchmark and highlights the need for caution when using tumbling to validate CFD–DEM models. By distinguishing numerical artifacts from physical effects, this study provides new guidance for model validation and has important implications for extending CFD–DEM to dense particle systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 131-143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.005
Ali M. Alkadhem , Hani Al Majed , Hend Omar Mohamed , Evangelos Tsotsas , Pedro Castaño
Size enlargement control and modeling in fluidized beds are crucial in the pharmaceutical and food industries but remain underdeveloped for technical catalyst formulation and shaping. This work uses different modeling approaches to understand aggregation kinetics: single- and two-pathway population balance equation (PBE) modeling and machine learning. These models are trained on a large dataset of experimental results from a bottom spray-fluidized bed, using realistic technical catalyst conditions and ingredients: ZSM-5 zeolite, bentonite, and alumina. Our optimized model is based on a two-pathway PBE with two distinct collision efficiencies for early- and late-stage growth dynamics across nucleation, seed formation, seed aggregation, and layered growth. With this model, we discuss the granulation and agglomeration dynamics of realistic technical catalysts and study the controlled shaping of several case studies with tailored morphologies (50, 100, and 200 μm pellets) under optimized conditions (i.e., maximum yield within the desired particle range) as validation.
{"title":"Aggregation kinetics of technical catalysts in a spray-fluidized bed","authors":"Ali M. Alkadhem , Hani Al Majed , Hend Omar Mohamed , Evangelos Tsotsas , Pedro Castaño","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Size enlargement control and modeling in fluidized beds are crucial in the pharmaceutical and food industries but remain underdeveloped for technical catalyst formulation and shaping. This work uses different modeling approaches to understand aggregation kinetics: single- and two-pathway population balance equation (PBE) modeling and machine learning. These models are trained on a large dataset of experimental results from a bottom spray-fluidized bed, using realistic technical catalyst conditions and ingredients: ZSM-5 zeolite, bentonite, and alumina. Our optimized model is based on a two-pathway PBE with two distinct collision efficiencies for early- and late-stage growth dynamics across nucleation, seed formation, seed aggregation, and layered growth. With this model, we discuss the granulation and agglomeration dynamics of realistic technical catalysts and study the controlled shaping of several case studies with tailored morphologies (50, 100, and 200 μm pellets) under optimized conditions (i.e., maximum yield within the desired particle range) as validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.021
Shuai Zhang , Yuxin Han , Xinyu Wei , Linlin Li , Weiwei Cao , Wenchao Liu , Shanshan Zhang , Xu Duan , Junliang Chen , Guangyue Ren
To address the limited accuracy of discrete element method (DEM) simulations in modeling the compression-induced breakage of wheat kernels, this study systematically calibrates the breakage model parameters through a combination of experimental and simulation approaches. A DEM breakage model for wheat kernels was developed in combination with the Tavares breakage model. The three-dimensional morphology of wheat kernels was obtained using X-ray micro-computed tomography, and multi-sphere models were constructed for particle representation. Parameter calibration was conducted in two steps: first, contact parameters were determined through angle of repose experiments and corresponding DEM simulations; then, breakage parameters were calibrated based on single-kernel compression tests. The results showed that the simulated angle of repose was highly consistent with the experimental values, with a relative error of about 1.9%. Compression simulations successfully reproduced the fragmentation patterns and force–displacement responses observed in experiments, with errors of less than 5% across different kernel morphologies. This study provided theoretical support and technical guidance for simulating wheat grain processing and optimizing equipment design, establishing a DEM breakage model with high accuracy and practical applicability.
{"title":"DEM-based coupled calibration of contact and breakage parameters for wheat kernels using the Tavares model","authors":"Shuai Zhang , Yuxin Han , Xinyu Wei , Linlin Li , Weiwei Cao , Wenchao Liu , Shanshan Zhang , Xu Duan , Junliang Chen , Guangyue Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the limited accuracy of discrete element method (DEM) simulations in modeling the compression-induced breakage of wheat kernels, this study systematically calibrates the breakage model parameters through a combination of experimental and simulation approaches. A DEM breakage model for wheat kernels was developed in combination with the Tavares breakage model. The three-dimensional morphology of wheat kernels was obtained using X-ray micro-computed tomography, and multi-sphere models were constructed for particle representation. Parameter calibration was conducted in two steps: first, contact parameters were determined through angle of repose experiments and corresponding DEM simulations; then, breakage parameters were calibrated based on single-kernel compression tests. The results showed that the simulated angle of repose was highly consistent with the experimental values, with a relative error of about 1.9%. Compression simulations successfully reproduced the fragmentation patterns and force–displacement responses observed in experiments, with errors of less than 5% across different kernel morphologies. This study provided theoretical support and technical guidance for simulating wheat grain processing and optimizing equipment design, establishing a DEM breakage model with high accuracy and practical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.016
Xiaoxue Jiang , Tao Wu , You Wu , Xiaobing Wang , Jiayu Peng
Cluster characteristics in gas-nozzle-assisted risers were predicted via a computational criterion and dynamic cluster structure-dependent drag model. The effect of three different nozzle directions, including inclined upward gas nozzles, horizontal gas nozzles, and inclined downward gas nozzles, was simulated to study lateral and axial distributions of clusters. Different regions were found along riser height, including transition and mixing regions, in terms of the variation of solid volume fractions. In the transition and mixing regions, downward gas injection resulted in the smallest cluster diameters and velocities, while upward injection produced the largest. The cluster solid volume fractions and existence time fractions were larger for the upward gas jets (0.0916 and 0.347) than those for the horizontal (0.0761 and 0.203) and downward gas jets (0.0813 and 0.234). The cluster diameters and solid volume fractions of clusters decreased from 0.00883 m to 0.00831 m and from 0.078 to 0.069, respectively, while the velocities of clusters increased from 2.176 to 2.867 m/s with increasing jet gas velocities from 100 to 140 m/s for upward gas jets in the riser.
{"title":"Gas nozzle-assisted cluster regulations using dynamic cluster structure-dependent drag model in fluidized bed risers","authors":"Xiaoxue Jiang , Tao Wu , You Wu , Xiaobing Wang , Jiayu Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cluster characteristics in gas-nozzle-assisted risers were predicted via a computational criterion and dynamic cluster structure-dependent drag model. The effect of three different nozzle directions, including inclined upward gas nozzles, horizontal gas nozzles, and inclined downward gas nozzles, was simulated to study lateral and axial distributions of clusters. Different regions were found along riser height, including transition and mixing regions, in terms of the variation of solid volume fractions. In the transition and mixing regions, downward gas injection resulted in the smallest cluster diameters and velocities, while upward injection produced the largest. The cluster solid volume fractions and existence time fractions were larger for the upward gas jets (0.0916 and 0.347) than those for the horizontal (0.0761 and 0.203) and downward gas jets (0.0813 and 0.234). The cluster diameters and solid volume fractions of clusters decreased from 0.00883 m to 0.00831 m and from 0.078 to 0.069, respectively, while the velocities of clusters increased from 2.176 to 2.867 m/s with increasing jet gas velocities from 100 to 140 m/s for upward gas jets in the riser.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 165-179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.013
Tanya M. Petrova , Dimka Fachikova , Jordan Hristov
Results of experiments on iron cementation of copper from aqueous solutions in magnetically controlled particle beds are presented in this study. The Helmholtz pair's axial magnetic field was employed. Despite the particle bed structures created for cementation, an increase in fluid flow rate results in a decrease in external mass transfer resistance, which raises copper recovery. In a typical fixed bed with constant fluid velocity, the field intensity significantly increases the copper recovery.
When iron is utilized as a particle bed in column operation, the bed structures play a significant part in the cementation process's effective operation. The mass transfer coefficients and separation efficiencies of the frozen beds (using the Magnetization LAST mode) and the moderately enlarged magnetically stabilized beds (MSB) are nearly comparable. Nonetheless, the frozen beds outperform MSB at modest particle Reynolds and Rosensweig numbers in the one-pass flow mode (no recirculation), while MSB is more suitable for long-time operations with flow recirculations.
{"title":"A magnetically assisted particle bed performance for mass transfer: Copper recovery from aqueous solution by cementation","authors":"Tanya M. Petrova , Dimka Fachikova , Jordan Hristov","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Results of experiments on iron cementation of copper from aqueous solutions in magnetically controlled particle beds are presented in this study. The Helmholtz pair's axial magnetic field was employed. Despite the particle bed structures created for cementation, an increase in fluid flow rate results in a decrease in external mass transfer resistance, which raises copper recovery. In a typical fixed bed with constant fluid velocity, the field intensity significantly increases the copper recovery.</div><div>When iron is utilized as a particle bed in column operation, the bed structures play a significant part in the cementation process's effective operation. The mass transfer coefficients and separation efficiencies of the frozen beds (using the Magnetization LAST mode) and the moderately enlarged magnetically stabilized beds (MSB) are nearly comparable. Nonetheless, the frozen beds outperform MSB at modest particle Reynolds and Rosensweig numbers in the one-pass flow mode (no recirculation), while MSB is more suitable for long-time operations with flow recirculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 195-210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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