Particuology最新文献_第2页

Supplying active lithium to single-crystal Li(Ni0.90Co0.05Mn0.05)0.98Ta0.02O2 with Li2MnO3 coating served as cathode for Li-ion batteries 为作为锂离子电池正极的带有 Li2MnO3 涂层的单晶 Li(Ni0.90Co0.05Mn0.05)0.98Ta0.02O2 提供活性锂

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2024.09.019

Li Dong , Xiaodong Guan , Yang Zhou , Shibao Tang , Feng Chen

Ni-rich layered oxide with Ni molar content larger than 90% was regarded as an extremely promising candidate for cathode material applied in lithium-ion batteries owing to the significant discharging capacity and low cost. Nevertheless, rigorous cycling attenuation resulted from the crystal structure collapse and unstable particles interface deeply restrained the commercial application. In the work, LiNi_0.90Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂ was modified by Ta⁵⁺ doping and Li₂MnO₃ covering, which was aimed to enhance the structure stability, defend the electrolyte attacking and promote Li⁺ migration during cycling. The material characterization demonstrated the cathodes after Ta⁵⁺ doping delivered the larger cell lattice parameters and higher cation ordering, which was helpful to improve the rate property and discharge capacity at low temperature. The Li₂MnO₃ layer was tightly adhered on the outside of LiNi_0.90Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂, which could effectively relieve the electrolyte attacking and sustain the particle morphology integrity. As a result, 2 wt% Li₂MnO₃ coated Li(Ni_0.90Co_0.05Mn_0.05)_0.98Ta_0.02O₂ exhibited the outstanding discharge capacity of 150.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 10.0 large current density and 140.6 mAh g⁻¹ at −30 °C as well as the remarkable capacity retention of 93.1% after 300 cycles. Meanwhile, the pouch full batteries obtained by 2 wt% Li₂MnO₃ coated Li(Ni_0.90Co_0.05Mn_0.05)_0.98Ta_0.02O₂ also showed the more stable storage capability, cyclic property in comparison with bare LiNi_0.90Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂.

镍摩尔含量大于 90% 的富镍层状氧化物因放电容量大、成本低而被视为锂离子电池正极材料中极具潜力的候选材料。然而，晶体结构坍塌和不稳定的颗粒界面导致的严格循环衰减深深地限制了其商业应用。该研究通过掺杂 Ta5+ 和包覆 Li2MnO3 对 LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2 进行改性，旨在提高结构的稳定性，抵御电解液的侵蚀，并促进 Li+ 在循环过程中的迁移。材料表征结果表明，掺杂 Ta5+ 后的阴极具有更大的电池晶格参数和更高的阳离子有序度，有助于提高低温下的速率特性和放电容量。在 LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2 的外侧紧密附着了 Li2MnO3 层，可有效缓解电解质的侵蚀，维持颗粒形态的完整性。因此，2 wt% Li2MnO3包覆的Li(Ni0.90Co0.05Mn0.05)0.98Ta0.02O2在10.0大电流密度下的放电容量为150.2 mAh g-1，在-30 °C下的放电容量为140.6 mAh g-1，300次循环后的容量保持率为93.1%。同时，与裸 LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2 相比，由 2 wt% Li2MnO3 包覆 Li(Ni0.90Co0.05Mn0.05)0.98Ta0.02O2 得到的袋装电池也表现出更稳定的存储能力和循环特性。

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引用次数: 0

Cyclone dimensionless pressure drop, cut size, and separation slope: One dimensionless number (Reynolds) to rule them all 旋风分离器的无量纲压降、切割尺寸和分离斜率：一个无量纲数（雷诺数）决定一切

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2024.10.001

Dzmitry Misiulia , Göran Lidén , Sergiy Antonyuk

The flow field and performance characteristics of the high-efficiency Stairmand cyclone have been computationally investigated at a wide range of Reynolds numbers Re_out = 84 − 252876 by varying the cyclone diameter, inlet velocity, operating temperature and pressure using the LES simulations. The effects of these parameters on the dimensionless cyclone performance characteristics (Euler number, square root of Stokes number and slope of the transformed grade efficiency curve) and dimensionless lip flow and lip velocity have been revealed. Five critical Reynolds numbers which correspond to the transition between different regimes and sub-regimes have been determined. All three dimensionless cyclone performance characteristics and two lip flow characteristics are ruled by the Reynolds number.

在雷诺数 Reout = 84 - 252876 的宽范围内，通过改变旋风分离器直径、入口速度、工作温度和压力，利用 LES 仿真对高效 Stairmand 旋风分离器的流场和性能特征进行了计算研究。这些参数对无量纲旋风分离器性能特征（欧拉数、斯托克斯数平方根和转化级效率曲线斜率）以及无量纲唇流和唇速的影响已经揭示。确定了五个临界雷诺数，它们对应于不同制度和子制度之间的过渡。所有三个无量纲旋流器性能特征和两个唇流特征都受雷诺数的影响。

引用次数: 0

Bioengineered silver nanoparticles induced apoptosis through upregulation of caspase 3 and caspase 8 proteins in breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells and impede angiogenesis 生物工程银纳米粒子通过上调乳腺癌 MDA-MB-231 细胞中的 caspase 3 和 caspase 8 蛋白诱导细胞凋亡并阻碍血管生成

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2024.09.020

Shahnaz Majeed , Nurul Izzah Binti Abu Bakar , Mohammad Danish , Afzan Binti Mahmad , Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim , Norul Aini Zakariya , Sreenivas Patro Sisinthy , Ravindran Muthukumarasamy , Abdulaziz M. Alanazi , Mohammed Tahir Ansari , Ohoud A. Jefri

In recent years, a lot of research has been done on silver nanoparticles (SNP) due to their numerous applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and drug delivery industries. In this present study SNP were green synthesized using Melicope lunu-ankenda (M. lunu-ankenda) leaf extract. The addition of AgNO₃ causes a color change. L-arginine addition results in further colour changes confirming conjugation. A UV–Vis spectrophotometric examination showed that the absorption peak for SNP was 435 nm, while the peak for L-arginine SNP (cSNP) was 422 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the association of amides and amines with nanoparticles. The spherical nature of the silver was disclosed by SEM, and its elemental character is verified by EDS. The thermal stability of the nanoparticles is determined by TGA analysis, while TEM examination verifies their spherical shape. Using the MTT assay, these cSNP exhibited outstanding toxicity analysis (IC₅₀ 38.72 μg/ml) against MDA-MB-231 cells. These cSNP causes damage to the mitochondria (JC1 staining), which causes oxidative stress and the production of ROS with 83% of DCF expression in cancer cells. Furthermore, as demonstrated by the Comet assay and DAPI, these cSNP cause good DNA damage in the treated cells. Additionally, using flow cytometry, cSNPs potentially trigger apoptosis by triggering the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 8 proteins. Additionally, through CAM, cSNP demonstrated strong anti-angiogenesis activity by reducing the number of blood vessel branches. These findings suggest that cSNP may be crucial for drug delivery and cancer treatment.

近年来，由于银纳米粒子（SNP）在生物医学、制药和给药行业的大量应用，人们对其进行了大量研究。本研究利用Melicope lunu-ankenda（M. lunu-ankenda）叶提取物绿色合成了SNP。加入 AgNO3 会导致颜色变化。加入 L-精氨酸后，颜色进一步变化，证实了共轭作用。紫外可见分光光度检测显示，SNP 的吸收峰为 435 纳米，而 L-精氨酸 SNP（cSNP）的吸收峰为 422 纳米。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析证实了酰胺和胺与纳米颗粒的结合。扫描电镜显示了银的球形性质，而 EDS 则验证了其元素特性。TGA 分析确定了纳米颗粒的热稳定性，而 TEM 检验则验证了其球形形状。通过 MTT 试验，这些 cSNP 对 MDA-MB-231 细胞的毒性分析（IC50 为 38.72 μg/ml）非常出色。这些 cSNP 会对线粒体造成损伤（JC1 染色），从而导致氧化应激和 ROS 的产生，在癌细胞中的 DCF 表达为 83%。此外，正如彗星试验和 DAPI 所显示的，这些 cSNP 会对处理过的细胞造成严重的 DNA 损伤。此外，通过流式细胞术，cSNPs 还可通过触发 caspase 3 和 caspase 8 蛋白的表达来引发细胞凋亡。此外，通过 CAM，cSNP 还能减少血管分支的数量，从而表现出很强的抗血管生成活性。这些发现表明，cSNP 可能是药物输送和癌症治疗的关键。

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引用次数: 0

A novel freemium code SAND (v1.0) for generation of randomly packed beds 用于生成随机堆积床的新型免费代码 SAND (v1.0)

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2024.09.003

Nikita Shadymov , Viacheslav Papkov , Dmitry Pashchenko

The main current approaches for generation of the packed bed models are based on rigid body dynamics (RBD) and Newton's laws (discrete element methods - DEM). This paper deals with the development and analysis of a novel code based on analytical geometry approach for the packed bed generation. The architecture and main algorithms of the novel code are described and clarified. The parameters of the packed bed generated via the novel code are compared with experimental data and packed beds generated via Blender (RBD), Yade (DEM). The novel code demonstrates many advantages, such as good correlation with experimental data, no overlaps between pellets in the packed bed, and a low computational time for packed bed generation. The packed bed model can be directly exported in .step format. Other advantages are also demonstrated and clarified. The novel code is attached to this paper and can be freely used by engineers and scientists.

目前生成填料床模型的主要方法是基于刚体动力学（RBD）和牛顿定律（离散元素法 - DEM）。本文讨论了基于解析几何方法生成填料床的新型代码的开发和分析。本文描述并阐明了新型代码的结构和主要算法。通过新代码生成的填料床参数与实验数据以及通过 Blender (RBD)、Yade (DEM) 生成的填料床进行了比较。新型代码具有许多优点，例如与实验数据相关性好、填料床中颗粒之间无重叠、生成填料床的计算时间短。填料床模型可以直接以 .step 格式导出。此外，还展示并阐明了其他优点。本文附有新代码，可供工程师和科学家自由使用。

引用次数: 0

Development of a two-stage virtual impactor for the generation of micrometer-scale monodisperse aerosols 开发用于生成微米级单分散气溶胶的两级虚拟撞击器

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2024.09.017

Jun-Hyung Lim, Igor Kim, Se-Jin Yook

Monodisperse particles are useful across a wide range of industrial applications, such as LCD displays, solar cells and rechargeable batteries, due to their uniformly small sizes. However, generating high volumes of monodisperse particles remains challenging. In this study, it was aimed to generate monodisperse aerosols by classifying micrometer-scale solid aerosol particles within a narrow size range. Accordingly, a new particle-size classification device with two virtual impactors connected in series and clean air cores was developed. The first-stage virtual impactor had a slightly larger cutoff size than the second-stage, and the major flow discharged from the first-stage was directed to the second-stage. The target particle size range was altered by changing the nozzle sizes in the first and second stages or by adjusting the flow rate. Subsequently, the classification performance of the two-stage virtual impactor was simulated and validated through an experiment using Arizona test dust. The implemented combinations of cutoff sizes for the first and second stages were 3.0 and 2.0 μm, 3.9 and 2.7 μm, or 6.7 and 4.8 μm. As a result, monodisperse aerosol particles were classified at a geometric standard deviation of 1.04–1.14 and a particle size range of 2–6.7 μm. The two-stage virtual impactor developed herein may be useful for various research and performance evaluations, as it can classify micrometer-scale solid particle aerosols that exhibit high monodispersity.

单分散微粒因其均匀一致的小尺寸，在液晶显示器、太阳能电池和充电电池等广泛的工业应用中非常有用。然而，生成大量的单分散颗粒仍然具有挑战性。在本研究中，我们的目标是通过在狭窄的粒度范围内对微米级固体气溶胶颗粒进行分类来生成单分散气溶胶。因此，开发了一种新型粒度分级装置，该装置由两个串联的虚拟撞击器和洁净空气芯组成。第一级虚拟撞击器的截断尺寸略大于第二级，从第一级排出的主要气流被导向第二级。通过改变第一级和第二级的喷嘴尺寸或调整流速，可以改变目标粒度范围。随后，通过使用亚利桑那州测试粉尘进行实验，模拟并验证了两级虚拟冲击器的分级性能。第一级和第二级的截流尺寸组合分别为 3.0 和 2.0 μm、3.9 和 2.7 μm 或 6.7 和 4.8 μm。因此，单分散气溶胶粒子的几何标准偏差为 1.04-1.14，粒度范围为 2-6.7 μm。此处开发的两级虚拟撞击器可用于各种研究和性能评估，因为它可以对表现出高单分散性的微米级固体颗粒气溶胶进行分类。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the therapeutic potential of microwave-assisted biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Erica manipuliflora Salisb.: A comprehensive study on anticancer and antibacterial potentials 探索微波辅助生物合成银纳米粒子的治疗潜力：关于抗癌和抗菌潜力的综合研究

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2024.09.018

Funda Ulusu

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) continue to attract interest due to their potential applications in biomedicine, especially in relation to their antibacterial and anticancer properties. In this respect, it is important to develop biosynthesis techniques that are environmentally friendly and include new sources. This is the first report on microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Erica manipuliflora Salisb. (E.m AgNPs). In this study, the anti-cancer and antibacterial activity of E.m AgNPs and E. manipuliflora extracts were evaluated. Characterization of E.m AgNPs were performed using UV–Vis spectroscopy FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM analyses. The UV–Vis absorption spectrum showed the characteristic peak of E.m AgNPs at λ_max = 425 nm. The SEM and TEM results indicated that the nanoparticles were spherical and ranged in size from 2.45 to 9.95 nm. The antibacterial results, it was determined that E.m AgNPs (50 mg mL⁻¹) (8.4–21.1 mm ZOI) caused more effective inhibition on both gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria compared to all plant extracts (50 mg mL⁻¹) (8.13–17.16 mm ZOI). Among the cancer (MCF-7 and HT-29) and healthy (HaCaT and HEK-293) cell lines, E.m AgNPs exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells (IC₅₀: 87.22 μg mL⁻¹). The hexane extract was the most effective inhibitory extract on cell proliferation of all cell lines and showed the highest cell inhibition in MCF-7 cells (IC₅₀: 43.06 μg mL⁻¹). The results revealed that both E.m AgNPs and E. manipuliflora extracts showed promising antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains and had potential anticancer activity.

银纳米粒子（AgNPs）因其在生物医学中的潜在应用，尤其是其抗菌和抗癌特性而持续受到关注。在这方面，开发对环境友好且包含新来源的生物合成技术非常重要。本研究首次报道了利用 Erica manipuliflora Salisb.（E.m AgNPs）在微波辅助下绿色合成银纳米粒子。本研究评估了 E.m AgNPs 和 E. manipuliflora 提取物的抗癌和抗菌活性。使用紫外可见光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了E.m AgNPs的特性。紫外可见吸收光谱显示，E.m AgNPs 在 λmax = 425 nm 处出现特征峰。SEM 和 TEM 结果表明，纳米粒子呈球形，大小在 2.45 至 9.95 nm 之间。抗菌结果表明，与所有植物提取物（50 mg mL-1）（8.13-17.16 mm ZOI）相比，E.m AgNPs（50 mg mL-1）（8.4-21.1 mm ZOI）对革兰氏阳性菌（枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）的抑制作用更强。在癌症细胞系（MCF-7 和 HT-29）和健康细胞系（HaCaT 和 HEK-293）中，E.m AgNPs 对 MCF-7 细胞的细胞毒性最高（IC50：87.22 μg mL-1）。正己烷提取物对所有细胞株的细胞增殖都有最有效的抑制作用，对 MCF-7 细胞的抑制作用最强（IC50：43.06 μg mL-1）。研究结果表明，E.m AgNPs 和 E. manipuliflora 提取物对病原菌菌株具有良好的抗菌活性，并具有潜在的抗癌活性。

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引用次数: 0

Magnetic reduction of gas back-mixing in bubbling fluidized beds with Geldart-B magnetizable particles 使用 Geldart-B 磁化颗粒在鼓泡流化床中用磁力减少气体回混

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2024.09.016

Qiang Zhang, Yalong Cao, Wankun Liu, Hao Guan, Donghui Liu, Quanhong Zhu

This study investigated the performance of magnetic fields in reducing gas back-mixing in bubbling fluidized beds with Geldart-B magnetizable particles. The Peclet number (Pe) and axial dispersion coefficient (D_a,g) were determined using the one-dimensional dispersion model. A weak magnetic field reduced gas back-mixing to a certain extent, while a moderate field resulted in minimal decrease. The performance of a strong magnetic field varied significantly depending on the operation mode. Under the magnetization-FIRST operation mode, gas back-mixing was significantly reduced. The corresponding Pe and D_a,g were calculated as ∼76 and ∼3.6 × 10⁻⁴ m²/s, indicating that the gas flow approached the ideal plug-flow manner. However, when the magnetization-LAST operation mode was used, the strong magnetic field failed to mitigate gas back-mixing. Therefore, the performance of magnetic fields in reducing gas back-mixing depended not only on their intensity but also on their application sequence to the gas flow field.

本研究探讨了磁场在减少带有 Geldart-B 可磁化颗粒的鼓泡流化床中气体返混的性能。使用一维分散模型确定了佩克莱特数（Pe）和轴向分散系数（Da,g）。弱磁场在一定程度上减少了气体回混，而中等磁场的减少幅度很小。强磁场的性能因操作模式的不同而有很大差异。在磁化-FIRST 运行模式下，气体反混现象明显减少。计算得出的相应 Pe 和 Da,g 分别为 ∼76 和 ∼3.6 × 10-4 m2/s，表明气体流动接近理想的塞流方式。然而，当采用磁化-LAST 运行模式时，强磁场未能缓解气体回混现象。因此，磁场在减少气体回混方面的性能不仅取决于磁场强度，还取决于磁场在气体流场中的应用顺序。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of pistachio shell-based porous carbon and its adsorption performance for low concentration CO2 开心果壳基多孔碳的制备及其对低浓度二氧化碳的吸附性能

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2024.09.015

Yuhua Zhang , Yanmei Jin , Song Li , Hong Wu , Huijuan Luo

In this study, high-performance porous carbon for CO₂ adsorption was synthesized from pistachio shells and modified with urea to enrich nitrogen content in the porous structure. The effects of activation temperature, KOH-to-carbon ratio, and urea addition on the pore structure and CO₂ adsorption capacity of the porous carbon were investigated. Characterization was conducted using N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results showed that under preparation conditions of 700 °C, KOH-to-carbon ratio of 2, and 15 wt% urea concentration, the synthesized GAC-15-2-700 porous carbon exhibited a maximum specific surface area of 1395 m²/g, micropore volume of 0.505 cm³/g, and N-5 peak area ratio of 65.57%. It achieved a CO₂ adsorption capacity of 3.56 mmol/g. Nitrogen functional groups on the porous carbon primarily existed as pyridinic N (N-6), pyrrolic/pyridinic N (N-5), and quaternary N (N-Q), with the enriched micropores and high N-5 content being crucial for CO₂ adsorption.

本研究以开心果壳为原料合成了用于吸附二氧化碳的高性能多孔碳，并用尿素对其进行改性，以丰富多孔结构中的氮含量。研究了活化温度、KOH 与碳的比例以及尿素添加量对多孔碳孔隙结构和二氧化碳吸附能力的影响。表征采用了 N2 吸附-解吸等温线、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）和傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）。结果表明，在 700 ℃、KOH 与碳的比例为 2、尿素浓度为 15 wt% 的制备条件下，合成的 GAC-15-2-700 多孔碳的最大比表面积为 1395 m2/g，微孔体积为 0.505 cm3/g，N-5 峰面积比为 65.57%。其二氧化碳吸附容量为 3.56 mmol/g。多孔碳上的氮官能团主要以吡啶氮（N-6）、吡咯/吡啶氮（N-5）和季氮（N-Q）的形式存在，丰富的微孔和高含量的 N-5 是吸附二氧化碳的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation on the particle loss and applicability of aviation nvPM measurement methodology for wide particle size ranges 颗粒损耗调查以及航空 nvPM 测量方法在宽粒度范围内的适用性

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2024.09.012

Minghua Wang , Liuyong Chang , Xuehuan Hu , Meiyin Zhu , Bin Zhang , Guangze Li , Zheng Xu

The precise measurement of non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) is outlined in aviation engine emissions regulations by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). However, assessing particle losses in the sampling and transfer unit presents challenges, raising concerns about the system's reliability. Moreover, nvPM emissions from small and medium aircraft engines, with thrust not exceeding 26.7 kN, vary widely in size, adding complexity to the measurement process. To provide a comprehensive analysis of particle losses in the sampling and transfer subsystems, this study established a test bench equipped with a nanoparticle generator. The generator simulates nvPM emissions from medium and small aircraft engines and can consistently produce nvPMs with a wide range of concentrations (10³-10⁷/cm³) and size distributions (20–160 nm). Thermophoretic loss verification experiments were conducted within the sampling pipeline under significant temperature differences, investigating the effects of particle size, temperature gradient, and airflow rate on thermophoretic particle losses. The experimental results demonstrated good agreement with the predictions of the model proposed by United Technologies Research Centre (UTRC). After correcting for temperature, the experimental data showed a maximum disparity of 2% under typical engine exhaust conditions, validating the predictability of the thermophoretic loss model for various engine types. Furthermore, verification experiments for particle diffusion and bending losses were performed. Comparative analysis with the UTRC model revealed nvPM inertial deposition under laminar flow conditions with low Reynolds numbers (Re). As the Re increased, the measured data more closely aligned with the simulations. Bending losses due to secondary flow patterns ranged from 1% to 10%, depending on particle size and flow rate. This finding supports the applicability of aviation nvPM measurement methods across a wide particle size range. This research provides theoretical support for future nvPM measurements on various aircraft engines, laying the groundwork for improved accuracy and reliability in emissions monitoring.

国际民用航空组织 (ICAO) 在航空发动机排放法规中规定了非挥发性微粒物质 (nvPM) 的精确测量。然而，评估采样和传输装置中的颗粒损失是一项挑战，引发了对系统可靠性的担忧。此外，推力不超过 26.7 千牛顿的中小型飞机发动机的 nvPM 排放量大小差异很大，增加了测量过程的复杂性。为了全面分析采样和传输子系统中的粒子损失，本研究建立了一个配备纳米粒子发生器的测试台。该发生器模拟了中小型飞机发动机的 nvPM 排放，能够稳定地产生浓度范围（10³-10⁷/cm³）和尺寸分布（20-160 nm）范围广泛的 nvPM。在采样管道内进行了热传导损失验证实验，研究了颗粒大小、温度梯度和气流速度对热传导颗粒损失的影响。实验结果表明，实验结果与联合技术研究中心（UTRC）提出的模型预测结果十分吻合。在对温度进行校正后，实验数据显示，在典型的发动机排气条件下，最大差异为 2%，验证了热泳损失模型对各种类型发动机的可预测性。此外，还进行了颗粒扩散和弯曲损失的验证实验。与 UTRC 模型的对比分析表明，在低雷诺数 (Re) 的层流条件下，nvPM 存在惯性沉积。随着雷诺数的增加，测量数据与模拟数据更加接近。二次流动模式导致的弯曲损失在 1% 到 10% 之间，具体取决于颗粒大小和流速。这一发现支持了航空 nvPM 测量方法在宽粒度范围内的适用性。这项研究为未来在各种飞机发动机上进行 nvPM 测量提供了理论支持，为提高排放监测的准确性和可靠性奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress of high-entropy perovskite oxides in energy and environmental applications: A review 高熵过氧化物在能源和环境应用中的研究进展：综述

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2024.09.008

Jingrui Cao , Shibo Wu , Jiahao He , Yang Zhou , Pianpian Ma

To address the global challenges associated with energy and environmental concerns, the design, development, and application of novel materials have emerged as pivotal drivers. Notably, high-entropy perovskite oxides (HEPOs) amalgamate the merits of both perovskite oxides and high-entropy materials, presenting significant potential in addressing numerous critical issues in energy and environment. This review delves into the recent advancements of HEPOs in these domains. Firstly, it provides an overview of prevalent synthesis techniques for HEPOs, alongside two emerging low-temperature, eco-friendly methods. Subsequently, current strategies to optimize the performance of HEPOs are summarized from three perspectives: compositional engineering, morphological engineering, and structural engineering. The review further underscores their applications in areas such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysts, and solid oxide fuel cells. Based on this foundation, potential performance optimization strategies and potential application areas of HEPOs are discussed. Finally, it identifies challenges faced by further development of HEPOs in energy and environmental applications and provides an outlook on future developments.

为应对与能源和环境问题相关的全球性挑战，新型材料的设计、开发和应用已成为关键驱动因素。值得注意的是，高熵包晶氧化物（HEPOs）融合了包晶氧化物和高熵材料的优点，在解决能源和环境领域的众多关键问题方面具有巨大潜力。本综述深入探讨了 HEPOs 在这些领域的最新进展。首先，它概述了 HEPO 的主流合成技术，以及两种新兴的低温环保方法。随后，从成分工程、形态工程和结构工程三个角度总结了当前优化 HEPO 性能的策略。综述进一步强调了它们在锂离子电池、超级电容器、电催化剂和固体氧化物燃料电池等领域的应用。在此基础上，讨论了 HEPOs 的潜在性能优化策略和潜在应用领域。最后，报告指出了在能源和环境应用领域进一步开发 HEPOs 所面临的挑战，并对未来发展进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0