Particuology最新文献_第2页

Effects of container geometry on the packing structures of trilobed particles 容器几何形状对三叶颗粒堆积结构的影响

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.011

Fuhai Yu , Dongling Cui , Ruiqiu Liu , Yun Zhang , Guangzheng Zhou

The packing densification of trilobes in rectangular containers of varying aspect ratios is systematically investigated using a geometrically exact contact detection algorithm combined with the multi-sphere method. Packing structures are analyzed in terms of overall density, spatial packing density distribution, radial distribution function, and densification mechanisms. Under mechanical vibration, two preferential particle orientations are identified. At low vibration amplitudes, spatial confinement in the bottom layer restricts rearrangement of trilobes, resulting in partial vertical alignment while many particles remain parallel to the container base. At higher amplitudes, increased mobility facilitates extensive reorientation and structural reconfiguration of trilobes, allowing nearly all trilobes near the bottom aligning vertically. In rectangular containers, trilobes predominantly adopt orientations either parallel or perpendicular to the container base, forming granular beds composed of ordered clusters of distinct orientations. The crystallization process is prohibited by the joint effects of the two distinct preferential orientations and the strong interlockings between trilobed particles and a random close packing of trilobed particles is formed in the containers. Notably, the overall packing density is not determined by the degree of crystallization but by the spatial arrangements of clusters of distinct orientations which is not sensitive to the geometry of the rectangular containers; granular beds consisting of ordered clusters with relatively low nematic order parameters can achieve higher global packing densities.

采用几何精确接触检测算法与多球法相结合的方法，系统地研究了不同宽高比矩形容器中三叶片的填充致密性。从总体密度、空间密度分布、径向分布函数和致密化机理等方面分析了填料结构。在机械振动下，确定了两种优先的粒子取向。在低振动幅值时，底层的空间限制限制了三叶瓣的重新排列，导致部分垂直排列，而许多颗粒保持与容器底部平行。在更高的振幅下，流动性的增加有助于三叶的广泛重新定向和结构重新配置，几乎所有靠近底部的三叶都可以垂直对齐。在矩形容器中，三叶叶主要采用与容器基部平行或垂直的方向，形成由不同方向的有序簇组成的颗粒床。两种不同的优先取向和三叶颗粒之间的强互锁的共同作用禁止了结晶过程，并在容器中形成了三叶颗粒的随机紧密堆积。值得注意的是，总体堆积密度不是由结晶程度决定的，而是由不同取向簇的空间排列决定的，这对矩形容器的几何形状不敏感；由有序簇组成的颗粒床具有相对较低的向列序参数，可以获得较高的整体堆积密度。

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引用次数: 0

Virus-like particles as catalytic nanoreactors: Confinement effects, characterization strategies, and future opportunities 作为催化纳米反应器的病毒样颗粒：限制效应、表征策略和未来机会

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.009

Singana Siva Nandu , Sivakumar Kasibhatta , Sai Sreenivas Kirdhanthu , Bugude Laxmi , Viswanath Buddolla

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are increasingly recognized as programmable, bioinspired nanoscale scaffolds capable of operating as confined catalytic nanoreactors with precise control over molecular transport and reactivity. Their defined capsid architectures create uniform internal reaction volumes and engineered pore systems that regulate substrate diffusion, stabilize encapsulated catalysts, and reshape reaction kinetics and selectivity beyond what is achievable in bulk solution. This review critically examines VLPs as particulate nanoreactors, emphasizing how advances in capsid design, encapsulation strategies, and surface functionalization govern catalytic behavior. We highlight mechanistic insights into how nanoscale confinement influences turnover stability, substrate discrimination, and thermodynamic profiles, including cases where confinement redirects reaction pathways rather than simply enhancing rates. Recent progress in high-resolution and in situ characterization techniques is discussed, demonstrating how real-time monitoring of catalytic events within VLP lumens has strengthened structure–function correlations. Emerging applications in biosensing, sustainable biocatalysis, environmental remediation, and synthetic biology are evaluated with attention to performance metrics and scalability. Finally, key challenges related to structural robustness, manufacturability, and predictive engineering are outlined as critical considerations for industrial translation. VLP-based nanoreactors thus represent a versatile platform bridging biological self-assembly with materials engineering for controlled and environmentally compatible catalytic transformations.

病毒样颗粒（vlp）越来越被认为是可编程的、受生物启发的纳米级支架，能够作为受限的催化纳米反应器运行，精确控制分子的运输和反应性。他们定义的衣壳结构创造了均匀的内部反应体积和工程孔系统，以调节底物扩散，稳定封装催化剂，重塑反应动力学和选择性，而不是在散装溶液中实现的。这篇综述批判性地考察了VLPs作为颗粒纳米反应器，强调了衣壳设计、封装策略和表面功能化的进展如何影响催化行为。我们强调了纳米级约束如何影响周转稳定性、底物识别和热力学特征的机理见解，包括约束重定向反应途径而不是简单地提高反应速率的情况。讨论了高分辨率和原位表征技术的最新进展，展示了VLP流明内催化事件的实时监测如何加强了结构-功能相关性。在生物传感、可持续生物催化、环境修复和合成生物学等新兴应用中，对性能指标和可扩展性进行了评估。最后，与结构稳健性、可制造性和预测工程相关的关键挑战被概述为工业转化的关键考虑因素。因此，基于vlp的纳米反应器代表了一个多功能平台，将生物自组装与材料工程连接起来，用于控制和环境相容的催化转化。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative structure-property relationships in montmorillonite: Decoupling crystalline coherence from cation exchange capacity through advanced SAXS analysis 蒙脱土的定量结构-性质关系：通过先进的SAXS分析从阳离子交换容量中解耦晶体相干性

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.010

Walid Oueslati

Montmorillonite's variable cation exchange capacity (CEC) contradicts the assumption that structural order enhances reactivity. While primary CEC originates from isomorphic substitutions, defect-induced structural degradation enhances CEC through dual pathways: direct creation of edge sites (55 % of enhancement) and indirect effects via increased specific surface area (45 %). We employ integrated SAXS techniques—pair distribution function, Warren-Averbach analysis, and Porod scattering—to establish quantitative structure-CEC relationships. Well-ordered samples exhibit coherent domain sizes of 85 Å, microstrain of 1.2 %, and CEC of 76.2 cmol/kg. Severely degraded samples show domain sizes of 28 Å (67 % reduction), microstrain of 4.5 % (3.8-fold increase), and enhanced CEC of 118.9 cmol/kg (56 % increase). PDF analysis reveals that long-range layer correlations decay from 45 to 18 Å (60 % reduction). Warren-Averbach decomposition demonstrates a transition from size-dominated (78 % contribution) to strain-dominated broadening (69 %), with crossover at 40 % CEC enhancement corresponding to domain sizes of ∼40 Å. Porod analysis (calibrated against glassy carbon standard) demonstrates 2.3 × increase in specific surface area (28–68 m²/g) with interface fractal dimensions evolving from 2.1 (smooth) to 2.7 (rough). Path analysis confirms that defect-induced edge sites contribute 70–80 % of the CEC enhancement, with the remainder attributed to enhanced interlayer accessibility via structural disorder. The established correlations (R² > 0.87) between SAXS-derived structural descriptors and CEC enable predictive modeling and rational optimization of montmorillonite processing for targeted applications in environmental remediation, catalysis, and advanced functional materials.

蒙脱土的可变阳离子交换容量（CEC）与结构顺序增强反应性的假设相矛盾。虽然初级CEC源于同构取代，但缺陷引起的结构降解通过双重途径增强CEC：直接产生边缘位点（55%的增强）和通过增加比表面积（45%）间接影响。我们采用集成的SAXS技术-对分布函数，Warren-Averbach分析和Porod散射-建立定量结构- cec关系。有序样品的相干畴大小为85 Å，微应变为1.2%，CEC为76.2 cmol/kg。严重降解样品的结构域大小为28 Å（减少67%），微应变增加4.5%（增加3.8倍），CEC增加118.9 cmol/kg（增加56%）。PDF分析显示，远程层相关性从45衰减到18 Å（降低60%）。Warren-Averbach分解显示了从尺寸主导（78%的贡献）到应变主导的展宽（69%）的转变，在40% CEC增强时的交叉对应于~ 40的结构域尺寸Å。孔隙分析（根据玻碳标准校准）表明，比表面积增加2.3倍（28-68 m2/g），界面分形维数从2.1（光滑）演变为2.7（粗糙）。通径分析证实，缺陷诱导的边缘位点贡献了70 - 80%的CEC增强，其余归因于通过结构紊乱增强的层间可达性。saxs衍生的结构描述符与CEC之间建立的相关性（R2 > 0.87）使蒙脱土加工的预测建模和合理优化能够用于环境修复，催化和高级功能材料的目标应用。

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引用次数: 0

Feasibility study on use of Arabic gum as alternative to corn starch in bonding self-reducing briquettes made by integrated cycle by-products 阿拉伯胶替代玉米淀粉粘接综合循环副产物自还原型煤的可行性研究

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.008

Sara Scolari, Davide Mombelli, Gianluca Dall’Osto, Carlo Mapelli

The selection of a suitable binder is crucial to ensure efficient powder agglomeration and high mechanical stability of briquettes. In ironmaking and steelmaking, binders must have low silica, low ash, high environmental sustainability, and compatibility with furnace lining and slag. Gelatinized corn starch has shown good performance with several residues (e.g., jarosite, red mud, mill scale), but it has not provided consistent results when used with integrated steel-plant by-products. This study investigated the possibility of replacing corn starch with Arabic gum, analyzing briquettes produced from basic oxygen furnace dust combined with two reducing agents: blast furnace sludge (BFS) and secondary dust (SD). Arabic gum improved impact resistance index of BFS-containing agglomerates reaching IRI of 1000 (125 with starch), due to better particle arrangement and densification. The resulting lower porosity (34.3 % Vs 39.3 %) enhanced contact between carbon and iron oxides, raising the reduction degree to 90 % (86 % with starch). Moreover, the denser microstructure limited the swelling phenomenon observed in starch-bound briquettes during thermal treatment. In contrast, the use of SD as the reducing agent resulted in a coarser particle size, leading to a heterogeneous distribution during the mixing process with Arabic gum. This corresponded to a decrease in mechanical stability, with the briquettes surviving 5 drops compared to 10 with starch. Despite this drawback, the degree of reduction remained largely unaffected at 1200 °C.

选择合适的粘结剂是保证高效的粉末结块和高机械稳定性的关键。在炼铁和炼钢中，粘合剂必须具有低硅、低灰分、高环境可持续性以及与炉衬和炉渣的相容性。糊化玉米淀粉在处理几种残留物（如黄钾铁矾、赤泥、磨屑）时表现出良好的性能，但在处理钢铁厂综合副产品时却表现不佳。本研究探讨了用阿拉伯胶代替玉米淀粉的可能性，分析了由碱性氧炉粉尘与两种还原剂(高炉污泥（BFS）和二次粉尘（SD）混合制成的型煤。阿拉伯胶提高了含bfs的团聚体的抗冲击指数，IRI为1000（含淀粉为125），因为它具有更好的颗粒排列和致密性。由此产生的较低孔隙率（34.3% Vs 39.3%）增强了碳和铁氧化物之间的接触，将还原度提高到90%（淀粉为86%）。此外，致密的微观结构限制了淀粉结合型煤在热处理过程中观察到的膨胀现象。相反，使用SD作为还原剂导致颗粒尺寸更粗，导致在与阿拉伯胶混合过程中分布不均匀。这与机械稳定性的下降相对应，与淀粉的10滴相比，压块可以存活5滴。尽管存在这一缺陷，但在1200°C时，还原程度基本未受影响。

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引用次数: 0

Aggregation kinetics of technical catalysts in a spray-fluidized bed 工业催化剂在喷雾流化床中的聚集动力学

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.005

Ali M. Alkadhem , Hani Al Majed , Hend Omar Mohamed , Evangelos Tsotsas , Pedro Castaño

Size enlargement control and modeling in fluidized beds are crucial in the pharmaceutical and food industries but remain underdeveloped for technical catalyst formulation and shaping. This work uses different modeling approaches to understand aggregation kinetics: single- and two-pathway population balance equation (PBE) modeling and machine learning. These models are trained on a large dataset of experimental results from a bottom spray-fluidized bed, using realistic technical catalyst conditions and ingredients: ZSM-5 zeolite, bentonite, and alumina. Our optimized model is based on a two-pathway PBE with two distinct collision efficiencies for early- and late-stage growth dynamics across nucleation, seed formation, seed aggregation, and layered growth. With this model, we discuss the granulation and agglomeration dynamics of realistic technical catalysts and study the controlled shaping of several case studies with tailored morphologies (50, 100, and 200 μm pellets) under optimized conditions (i.e., maximum yield within the desired particle range) as validation.

流化床的尺寸放大控制和建模在制药和食品工业中是至关重要的，但在技术催化剂配方和成型方面还不发达。这项工作使用不同的建模方法来理解聚集动力学：单途径和双途径种群平衡方程（PBE）建模和机器学习。这些模型在底部喷雾流化床实验结果的大型数据集上进行训练，使用现实的技术催化剂条件和成分：ZSM-5沸石，膨润土和氧化铝。我们的优化模型基于双路径PBE，在早期和后期生长动力学中具有两种不同的碰撞效率，包括成核、种子形成、种子聚集和分层生长。利用该模型，我们讨论了实际技术催化剂的造粒和团聚动力学，并研究了在优化条件下（即在所需颗粒范围内的最大产率）使用定制形貌（50、100和200 μm）的几个案例研究的控制成型。

引用次数: 0

Investigation into nanoparticle fluidization characteristics with electrostatic force-modified population balance model 基于静电力修正种群平衡模型的纳米颗粒流化特性研究

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.003

Juhui Chen , Ke Chen , Dan Li , Zhirui Zhao , Michael Zhuravkov , Lapatsin Siarhei , Wenrui Jiang

Within the two-fluid model framework integrated with particle dynamics theory, this study explicitly incorporates interparticle electrostatic forces to derive formulas for aggregation and breakage kernels of nanoparticle aggregates. Accordingly, an electrostatic-force-modified Population Balance Model (PBM) is proposed to track and characterize nanoparticle aggregation and breakage processes. To quantify the evolution of aggregate volume fractions and diameters, the flow characteristics of SiO₂ nanoparticles in a microfluidized bed are numerically investigated. The results demonstrate that the modified PBM enhances the dispersion of aggregates and improves fluidization quality. The electrostatic force increases with growing aggregate diameter. When nanoparticles enter the fully fluidized stage, the synergistic interplay among electrostatic repulsion, Brownian diffusion, and turbulent forces collectively regulates aggregate formation and breakage. This leads to a more organized spatial distribution of aggregates and a gradual reduction in local pressure drop fluctuations over time. Furthermore, the bed pressure difference increases significantly under the combined influence of gas velocity and electrostatic forces.

在结合粒子动力学理论的双流体模型框架下，本研究明确地将粒子间静电力纳入其中，推导出纳米粒子聚集体聚集和破碎核的公式。为此，提出了一种静静电修正的种群平衡模型（PBM）来跟踪和表征纳米颗粒的聚集和破碎过程。为了量化聚合体体积分数和粒径的演变，对SiO2纳米颗粒在微流化床中的流动特性进行了数值研究。结果表明，改性PBM提高了团聚体的分散性，改善了流化质量。静电力随骨料直径的增大而增大。当纳米颗粒进入完全流化阶段时，静电斥力、布朗扩散和湍流力之间的协同相互作用共同调节聚集体的形成和破碎。这导致聚集体的空间分布更有组织，随着时间的推移，局部压降波动逐渐减少。此外，在气速和静电力的共同作用下，床层压差显著增大。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of force interactions in an oscillatory membrane emulsification system 振荡膜乳化系统中力相互作用的影响

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.004

Hassan G. Gomaa , Yuanyuan Shao , Chanyuan Zhang , Jesse Zhu

Membrane emulsification is an emerging energy efficient and scalable technique. In this work, the effects of hydrodynamic and colloidal forces interaction on protein stabilized emulsion prepared using an oscillatory membrane emulsification is studied. Increasing oscillation intensities resulted in smaller and more uniform droplet size distribution while different size aggregates occurred due to collision. The small size aggregates were stable against surface erosion while larger sizes were stable only at low oscillation intensities. The measured droplets sizes closely agreed with a torque balance model prediction indicating limited coalescence likely due to the stability of the protein molecules attachment to the droplet surfaces which provided steric hindrance against coalescence and breakage.

膜乳化是一种新兴的高效节能技术。本文研究了水动力和胶体力的相互作用对振荡膜乳化法制备的蛋白稳定乳液的影响。振荡强度的增加使液滴粒径分布更小、更均匀，但由于碰撞产生不同粒径的团聚体。小粒径团聚体对地表侵蚀稳定，而大粒径团聚体仅在低振荡强度下稳定。测量的液滴大小与扭矩平衡模型预测非常吻合，表明有限的聚结可能是由于附着在液滴表面的蛋白质分子的稳定性，这提供了防止聚结和破裂的空间位阻。

引用次数: 0

Plasma dynamic synthesis of hybrid carbide-reinforced aluminium matrix composites 等离子体动态合成混杂碳化物增强铝基复合材料

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.024

Dmitriy Nikitin , Ivan Shanenkov , Artur Nassyrbayev , Alexander Tsimmerman , Yuliya Shanenkova , Egor Kashkarov , Junzhi Li , Wei Han

The development of hybrid aluminum matrix composites (HAMCs) reinforced with superhard carbides is a crucial scientific direction, which still faces challenges related to the inhomogeneous distribution of reinforcing component and the formation of undesirable interphase compounds. This study was aimed to develop a universal in-situ approach for plasma dynamic synthesis of HAMCs with enhanced structural, mechanical, and functional properties. Dispersed powders of HAMCs reinforced with WC, SiC, and B₄C were produced by high-speed spraying of a multicomponent thermal plasma jet, followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) to fabricate bulk materials. The developed plasma processing technology provides complete alignment of the HAMCs components and form a composite structure with a polymodal particle size distribution, where the aluminum matrix is primarily presented with porous microsized particles filled in by ceramic component. These features of composite powders affect high mechanical properties of bulk sintered samples with density values of up to 99 % and microhardness values of up to 134 HV, which exceed those of known analogs and pure aluminum. A combination of high mechanical, thermal and electrical properties confirms the functionality of synthesized materials and highlights the potential of applying in-situ approach based on plasma processes for producing advanced HAMCs with improved performance characteristics.

超硬碳化物增强杂化铝基复合材料（HAMCs）的研究是一个重要的科学方向，但仍面临着增强组分分布不均匀和不良相化合物形成的挑战。本研究旨在开发一种通用的原位等离子体动态合成具有增强结构、力学和功能特性的hamc的方法。采用多组分热等离子体射流高速喷涂制备WC、SiC和B4C增强hamc分散粉末，然后采用火花等离子体烧结（SPS）制备块状材料。所开发的等离子体处理技术使hamc组件完全对齐，形成具有多模态粒度分布的复合结构，其中铝基体主要呈现由陶瓷组件填充的多孔微颗粒。复合粉末的这些特性影响了大块烧结样品的高力学性能，其密度值高达99%，显微硬度值高达134 HV，超过了已知的类似物和纯铝。高机械、热学和电学性能的结合证实了合成材料的功能，并强调了应用基于等离子体工艺的原位方法生产具有改进性能特征的先进hamc的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrodynamic conditions governing the initiation of buried particles in viscous debris flows 控制粘性碎屑流中埋藏颗粒起爆的水动力条件

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.002

Rui Luo , Xionghuan Tan , Renjie Tang , Ni An , Hongyue Sun

Debris flows, a common natural disaster, cause annual casualties and property damage downstream. In mountainous watersheds, short-duration heavy rainfall generates significant hydraulic conditions in debris flow channels. The specified conditions trigger the mobilization of loose sediment, leading to the amplification effect that can ultimately overwhelm downstream mitigation measures. This study considers the influence of the fluid properties of viscous debris flow slurries on the forces exerted on buried coarse particles, aiming to accurately reflect real-world conditions and offer theoretical support for the amplification effect. A novel relationship was established between the initiation of motion for buried coarse particles and flow conditions, thereby broadening the applicability of existing models. The reliability of the model is assessed from two perspectives: comparison with physical model experiments and comparison with numerical simulations. A sensitivity analysis on the fluid property parameters of the debris flow slurry revealed that slurry density has the greatest impact on the cross-sectional initiation velocity for particle initiation, followed by fluid yield stress, fluid consistency index, and fluid behavior index, with the latter having the least influence.

泥石流是一种常见的自然灾害，每年都会给下游地区造成人员伤亡和财产损失。在山地流域，短时强降雨对泥石流通道产生重要的水力条件。特定条件触发松散沉积物的动员，导致放大效应，最终可能压倒下游的缓解措施。本研究考虑粘性泥石流浆体的流体性质对埋地粗颗粒受力的影响，旨在准确反映真实情况，为放大效应提供理论支持。建立了埋地粗颗粒起始运动与流动条件之间的新关系，从而拓宽了现有模型的适用性。从与物理模型实验的比较和与数值模拟的比较两方面对模型的可靠性进行了评价。对泥石流浆体流体性质参数的敏感性分析表明，浆体密度对颗粒起爆截面起裂速度的影响最大，其次是流体屈服应力、流体稠度指标和流体行为指标，后者的影响最小。

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引用次数: 0

Stable flow characteristics of Geldart C desulfurization ash particles in a novel loop-coupled riser under swirling-flow enhancement 旋流强化下新型环耦合立管中Geldart C脱硫灰颗粒的稳定流动特性

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.001

Zhihui Li, Xueyan Jiao, Yumei Li, Xiao Ma, Chengxiu Wang, Xingying Lan, Jinsen Gao

During the flue gas desulfurization process with the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor, Geldart C desulfurization ash particles are prone to aggregation and accumulation in the inlet region, which significantly impairs gas-solid contact. To address this challenge, the present study proposes a novel design that couples a loop reactor to the bottom of the riser and employs a tangential intake structure. This combination generates a swirling flow to enhance the fluidization performance of Geldart C particles in the inlet region of the CFB reactor, thereby improving gas-solids contact efficiency. Under a superficial gas velocity of 1.5–4.5 m/s, the tangential intake configuration facilitates the formation of draft tube-lift loop flow when the draft tube gas velocity exceeds 1.10 m/s. In comparison, the vertical intake requires a gas velocity in the draft tube region greater than 1.20 m/s, while the coiled intake demands 1.25 m/s. Furthermore, the swirling-flow from tangential intake effectively entrains more Geldart C particles into the internal loop flow and external circulation, increasing the solids circulation rate from 7.0 to 10.0 kg/(m² s), an increase of 42.9 %. These findings offer a valuable insight for the industrial application of Geldart C particles in CFB systems.

循环流化床（CFB）反应器烟气脱硫过程中，Geldart C脱硫灰颗粒容易在入口区聚集堆积，严重影响气固接触。为了解决这一挑战，本研究提出了一种新的设计，将环形反应器耦合到立管底部，并采用切向进气结构。这种组合产生旋流，增强了Geldart C颗粒在CFB反应器入口区的流态化性能，从而提高气固接触效率。在表层气速为1.5 ~ 4.5 m/s时，切向进气配置有利于尾水管气速超过1.10 m/s时尾水管-升力环流的形成。相比之下，垂直进气道要求尾水管区域的气流速度大于1.20 m/s，而盘管进气道要求1.25 m/s。此外，切向进气道的旋流有效地将更多的Geldart C颗粒带入内环流和外循环，使固体循环速率从7.0 kg/(m2 s)提高到10.0 kg/(m2 s)，提高了42.9%。这些发现为Geldart C粒子在CFB系统中的工业应用提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0