Particuology最新文献_第2页

Synthesis of MWCNT/Inconel 718 composite powder through mild surface functionalization and High-Energy Ball Milling for subsequent use in additive manufacturing of MMC parts 通过温和的表面功能化和高能球磨合成MWCNT/Inconel 718复合粉末，用于MMC零件的增材制造

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.017

Prasenjit Patra , Saikat Nandi , Saurav Misra , Partha Saha , Pranab K. Dan

This study presents a systematic methodology for producing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/Inconel 718 composite powder, especially for the Laser Directed Energy Deposition (LDED) process. This approach integrates mild oxidative functionalization of MWCNTs to reduce agglomerations and High-Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) to enhance dispersion over the Inconel 718 powder. The MWCNTs were functionalized through a two-step chemical treatment: (1) magnetic stirring in a 3:1 H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ solution, using two distinct acid concentrations (3 M and 8 M), followed by (2) an ultrasonic bath in H₂O₂ solution. Structural defects were characterized using Raman spectroscopy (RS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) quantified the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups. Among the six functionalization processes, the treatment condition involving 4 h of magnetic stirring, then 2 h in the sonication bath, emerged as optimal, yielding a relatively high functional group attachment (11.47 %) with lower surface defects and without compromising uniformity in mixing. The FESEM analysis of the functionalized MWCNTs (up to 2 wt%)/Inconel 718 composite powder, collected from the LDED machine bed, confirmed uniform dispersion, validating the functionalization strategy. Although developed for LDED, this strategy is also suitable for MMC production processes that use powder as feedstock.

本研究提出了一种制备多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)/Inconel 718复合粉末的系统方法，特别是激光定向能沉积（LDED）工艺。该方法结合了MWCNTs的轻度氧化功能化以减少团聚，以及高能球磨（HEBM）以增强Inconel 718粉末的分散。MWCNTs通过两步化学处理实现功能化：(1)在3:1的H2SO4和HNO3溶液中进行磁力搅拌，使用两种不同的酸浓度（3 M和8 M），然后(2)在H2O2溶液中进行超声波浴。利用拉曼光谱（RS）、热重分析（TGA）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对结构缺陷进行了表征，x射线光电子能谱（XPS）对含氧官能团的数量进行了量化。在6种功能化工艺中，先进行4小时磁力搅拌，然后在超声浴中进行2小时的处理条件是最佳的，可以产生相对较高的官能团附着（11.47%），表面缺陷较低，且不影响混合的均匀性。从led机床上收集的功能化MWCNTs（高达2 wt%）/Inconel 718复合粉末的FESEM分析证实了均匀分散，验证了功能化策略。虽然是为led开发的，但该策略也适用于使用粉末作为原料的MMC生产过程。

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引用次数: 0

MXene-assisted NiFe sulfides with interfacial modulation for oxygen evolution electrocatalysis 界面调制的mxene辅助NiFe硫化物的析氧电催化

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.020

Pei-Wei Zhong , Hong-Xiao Yang , Wenkang Xu, Zhiyang Yu, Bei Li, Hongjuan Wang, Yonghai Cao, Hao Yu, Hao-Fan Wang

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a vital role in various pivotal electrochemical applications. To improve the energy efficiency and economic viability of these technologies, it is critical to develop cost-effective and highly active OER electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements. Among various candidates, transition-metal-based compounds have demonstrated notable potential for OER electrocatalysis, attributable to their adjustable electronic configurations. Nevertheless, their practical application remains constrained by limited intrinsic activity, poor electrical conductivity, and particle aggregation, which compromise their overall OER efficiency. In this study, an efficient OER electrocatalyst, S-NiFc MOF@Mo₂CT_x, is constructed by the sulfidation of NiFe-based metal–organic framework (MOF) precursors anchored on conductive Mo₂CT_x MXene. The MOF-derived NiFe sulfides offer abundant accessible active sites, and the strong interfacial coupling between NiFe sulfides and Mo₂CT_x enhances the catalyst's intrinsic activity. The conductive Mo₂CT_x matrix also guarantees efficient electron transport and homogeneous dispersion of the active phase. As a result, S-NiFc MOF@ Mo₂CT_x exhibits excellent OER activity, reaching 10 mA cm⁻² at an overpotential of 223 mV, along with stable operation for 68 h in 1.0 M KOH solution. This study broadens the scope of MXene-based materials in electrocatalytic applications and offers valuable insights into optimizing NiFe-derived OER catalysts.

析氧反应（OER）在各种关键电化学应用中起着至关重要的作用。为了提高这些技术的能源效率和经济可行性，开发具有成本效益和高活性的基于地球丰富元素的OER电催化剂至关重要。在各种候选化合物中，过渡金属基化合物由于其可调节的电子结构而表现出显著的OER电催化潜力。然而，它们的实际应用仍然受到固有活性有限、导电性差和粒子聚集的限制，这些都会影响它们的整体OER效率。在这项研究中，一种高效的OER电催化剂S-NiFc MOF@Mo2CTx是通过将nfe基金属有机框架（MOF）前驱体固定在导电的Mo2CTx MXene上进行硫化而构建的。mof衍生的NiFe硫化物提供了丰富的可达活性位点，并且NiFe硫化物与Mo2CTx之间的强界面耦合提高了催化剂的本征活性。导电Mo2CTx基体还保证了有效的电子传输和活性相的均匀分散。因此，S-NiFc MOF@ Mo2CTx表现出优异的OER活性，在223 mV过电位下达到10 mA cm−2，并在1.0 M KOH溶液中稳定运行68小时。这项研究拓宽了mxene基材料在电催化应用中的范围，并为优化nfe衍生的OER催化剂提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation and experimental study on PM2.5 capture performance of multiple electric field ESP under different magnetic field introduction positions 不同磁场引入位置下多电场电潜泵捕获PM2.5性能的数值模拟与实验研究

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.009

Shengxin Yang , Jianping Zhang , Boren Wang , Wen Gu , Weiguo Zhou

Aiming at enhancing the capture performance of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for PM2.5 particles, this paper introduces a multi-field coupling model and carries out the analysis of the electromagnetic dedusting mechanism of four electric field ESP under the magnetic-field-induced trajectory modification, and investigates the capture performance of multiple electric field ESP for PM2.5 particles at different magnetic field introduction positions through numerical simulations and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) experiments. The PIV measurements showed flow-field patterns that were consistent with established ESP findings, where higher applied voltage and lower flue-gas velocity lead to stronger particle deflection toward the collection plate. These observed trends serve as a validation of the reliability of the present PIV setup and simulation model. Introducing a magnetic field into a specific zone resulted in particles to follow a spiral path leading to the collection plate. This motion not only altered the paths of particles in the targeted region but also influenced adjacent zones. Magnetic confinement was found to be more effective under low flue gas velocity and low operating voltage conditions. Furthermore, at lower voltages, the third electric field was more sensitive to magnetic confinement, whereas at higher voltages, the fourth electric field exhibited greater sensitivity. The findings can offer new design ideas for performance enhancement of traditional ESPs.

为了提高静电除尘器（ESP）对PM2.5颗粒物的捕集性能，本文引入了多场耦合模型，分析了四种电场的电除尘器在磁场诱导轨迹修正下的电磁除尘机理。通过数值模拟和粒子图像测速（PIV）实验，研究了不同磁场引入位置下多电场ESP对PM2.5颗粒的捕获性能。PIV测量显示的流场模式与ESP的发现一致，即较高的施加电压和较低的烟气速度会导致颗粒更强烈地向收集板偏转。这些观察到的趋势验证了当前PIV设置和仿真模型的可靠性。将磁场引入特定区域，导致颗粒沿着螺旋路径通向收集板。这种运动不仅改变了目标区域内粒子的路径，而且还影响了邻近区域。在低烟气流速和低工作电压条件下，磁约束更为有效。此外，在较低电压下，第3个电场对磁约束更敏感，而在较高电压下，第4个电场表现出更大的灵敏度。研究结果可为传统esp的性能提升提供新的设计思路。

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引用次数: 0

Shale oil hydro-upgrading over NiMo/Al2O3 with H2-rich gas from methanol steam reforming 甲醇蒸汽重整富h2气在NiMo/Al2O3上对页岩油加氢提质

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.011

Xiaoyu Wu , Mengjuan Zhang , Chao Wang , Chenhong Wan , Peng Zheng , Zhennan Han , Xin Jia , Zhanguo Zhang , Guangwen Xu

This article investigated the hydrodesulfurization of shale oil over NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst in a fixed bed reactor downstream a methanol steam reformer that provides H₂-rich gas containing CO₂ and steam. Under the optimal conditions of hydrogenation, say, at 380 °C, 4 MPa, a gas/oil volume ratio of 600:1, and an oil hourly space velocity of 4.0 h⁻¹, the sulfur content in the upgraded shale oil varied around 4400 ppm, showing a sulfur removal efficiency above 66 % and the satisfaction of the international standard for marine fuel oil (ISO 8217). The oil exhibited significant improvement on quality, including enhanced calorific value, reduced density and viscosity, increased fraction of light oil, and decreased proportion of heavy oil. Through characterization of catalysts, it was found that steam in H₂-rich gas did not significantly affect hydrodesulfurization efficiency. The presence of steam not only promoted hydrocracking of heavy fractions but reduced also carbon deposition on the catalyst during hydro-processing. A 125-h continuous test on stability of performance further corroborated the technical feasibility of the investigated process, establishing essentially a practical pathway to upgrade shale oil by using the as-generated methanol-reformed gas without removal of its containing CO₂ and steam as the hydrogen source.

本文研究了在固定床反应器下游的甲醇蒸汽重整装置上，采用NiMo/Al2O3催化剂对页岩油进行加氢脱硫，该装置提供含CO2和蒸汽的富h2气体。在380℃、4 MPa、气油体积比为600:1、油时空速为4.0 h−1的最佳加氢条件下，改造后的页岩油硫含量变化在4400 ppm左右，脱硫效率达到66%以上，符合国际船用燃料油标准（ISO 8217）。油的热值提高，密度和粘度降低，轻质油的含量增加，重质油的比例降低。通过对催化剂的表征，发现富h2气体中的水蒸气对加氢脱硫效率没有显著影响。水蒸气的存在不仅促进了重馏分的加氢裂化，而且减少了加氢过程中催化剂上的积碳。连续125小时的性能稳定性测试进一步证实了所研究工艺的技术可行性，基本上建立了一条实用的途径，即使用生成的甲醇转化气，而不去除其含二氧化碳和蒸汽作为氢源，来升级页岩油。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering particulate architectures for hybrid energy storage: Bridging the gap between intercalation capacity and adsorption kinetics 混合储能的工程颗粒结构：弥合插层容量和吸附动力学之间的差距

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.019

Mohssine Ghazoui , Otmane Boudouch , Aboubacar Sidigh Sylla , Kaoutar Moulakhnif , Siham Dabali , Reda Elkacmi

Electrochemical energy storage faces a persistent trade-off: batteries deliver high energy densities via ion intercalation but remain kinetically limited, whereas supercapacitors provide ultrafast power and outstanding durability through interfacial adsorption but suffer from low energy densities. This dichotomy has become a bottleneck for electric mobility, renewable grid stabilization, and portable electronics.

This review introduces a unifying paradigm in which absorption acts as a capacity provider and adsorption as a speed enabler. We critically examine the fundamentals of both mechanisms and survey state-of-the-art materials, from graphite, transition-metal oxides, and phosphates to bio-derived carbons, graphene, MOFs, COFs, and emerging sodium-ion and solid-state systems. Particular emphasis is placed on hybrid devices such as lithium-ion capacitors and hybrid supercapacitors, which already achieve 30–70 Wh kg⁻¹ with multi-kW kg⁻¹ power output and lifetimes exceeding 20,000 cycles.

Looking ahead, disruptive directions include solid-state architectures, bio-inspired electrodes, ultra-fast charging infrastructures (>500 kW), and circular-economy strategies. By reconciling autonomy and speed, the absorption–adsorption paradigm charts a roadmap for next-generation storage systems, capable of supporting the 2030–2040 transition to a resilient, electrified, low-carbon society.

电化学储能面临着一个持续的权衡：电池通过离子插入提供高能量密度，但仍然受到动力学限制，而超级电容器通过界面吸附提供超快的功率和出色的耐用性，但能量密度低。这种二分法已经成为电动汽车、可再生电网稳定和便携式电子产品的瓶颈。这篇综述介绍了一个统一的范式，其中吸收作为容量提供者和吸附作为速度使能器。我们严格审查了这两种机制的基本原理，并调查了最先进的材料，从石墨、过渡金属氧化物、磷酸盐到生物衍生碳、石墨烯、mof、COFs以及新兴的钠离子和固态系统。特别强调的是混合设备，如锂离子电容器和混合超级电容器，它们已经达到30-70 Wh kg - 1，功率输出多kw kg - 1，寿命超过20,000次循环。展望未来，颠覆性的方向包括固态架构、仿生电极、超快速充电基础设施（500千瓦）和循环经济战略。通过协调自主性和速度，吸收-吸附模式为下一代存储系统绘制了路线图，能够支持2030-2040年向弹性、电气化、低碳社会的过渡。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of zeta potential on properties of cement pastes with partial substitution by industrial wastes zeta电位对工业废渣部分替代水泥浆体性能的影响

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.016

Julia da Rosa Martins , Janaíde Cavalcante Rocha , Vanessa de Amorim Amorim , Julia Scalabrin Holanda , Dachamir Hotza , Luciano Senff

The incorporation of industrial waste into construction materials offers a sustainable alternative to conventional practices by reducing environmental disposal and minimizing the use of virgin raw materials. Among such residues, basaltic filler (BF) and red mud (RM) show promising potential as partial cement replacements in mortars and concretes. This study introduces an innovative approach by evaluating the role of particle zeta potential in governing the behavior of stabilized cement pastes containing these wastes. Pastes were formulated with Portland Cement II F 40 (CP II F 40) and a retarding additive to maintain stability over 72 h, with BF and RM used as partial cement substitutes. The zeta potential and sedimentation behavior of the raw materials were measured, and their influence on paste flowability, rheology, and setting time was systematically analyzed. Results revealed that the highly negative zeta potential of BF (−13.7 mV) and RM (−18.7 mV) improved particle dispersion and reduced sedimentation. BF contributed to lower yield stress, plastic viscosity, and shear stress, while RM, despite a similar electrokinetic profile, exhibited rheological behavior strongly influenced by its high surface area and reactivity. These findings underscore the relevance of zeta potential as a predictive parameter in designing sustainable cementitious systems with industrial waste additions.

通过减少环境处置和尽量减少原始原材料的使用，将工业废物纳入建筑材料提供了一种可持续的替代传统做法。在这些残留物中，玄武岩填料（BF）和赤泥（RM）作为砂浆和混凝土中的部分水泥替代品具有很大的潜力。本研究引入了一种创新的方法，通过评估颗粒zeta势在控制含有这些废物的稳定水泥浆的行为中的作用。采用波特兰水泥II f40 （CP II f40）和缓凝剂配制膏体，以保持72 h以上的稳定性，并使用BF和RM作为部分水泥替代品。测定了原料的zeta电位和沉降行为，并系统分析了它们对膏体流动性、流变性和凝结时间的影响。结果表明，BF （- 13.7 mV）和RM （- 18.7 mV）的高负zeta电位改善了颗粒的分散，减少了沉降。BF具有较低的屈服应力、塑性粘度和剪切应力，而RM尽管具有相似的电动力学特征，但其高表面积和反应性强烈地影响了其流变行为。这些发现强调了zeta电位作为一个预测参数在设计可持续胶凝系统与工业废物添加剂的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation into the role of particle morphology in the strength and dilatancy behaviour of aeolian dune sand 颗粒形态对风成沙丘沙强度和剪胀特性影响的实验研究

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.012

Shiva Prashanth Kumar Kodicherla , Minyi Zhu , Kamoca Fernandes , Darga Kumar Nandyala , Naveen Revanna

This study investigates the role of particle morphology in the strength and dilatancy behaviour of Namibian dune sand under direct shear test (DST) conditions. For this purpose, a series of DSTs were performed under three normal stresses (50, 100, and 200 kPa) and three relative densities (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75). To understand the role of particle morphology, the particle shape descriptors, including aspect ratio, roundness, convexity, sphericity, and overall regularity, were quantified from two-dimensional binary images derived from scanning electron microscopy using a computational geometry approach considering the major plane of orientation. Results indicate that the stress ratio exhibits strain-hardening followed by softening in dense assemblies, while loose assemblies display continuous hardening. The vertical strain and dilatancy angle decrease with increasing normal stress, whereas peak friction angles rise with relative density due to enhanced particle interlocking; critical state friction angles remain largely insensitive to density, reflecting stabilisation at ultimate shearing. Bolton's empirical model underestimates dilatancy angles, which are highly sensitive to normal stress (empirical constant, Q ≈ 10.47 at 200 kPa). The critical state parameters in the void's ratio – logarithm of normal stress normalised by atmospheric pressure plane vary systematically with density and particle regularity, aligning with literature and confirming the robustness of the proposed framework. These findings validate constitutive predictions and underscore the pivotal role of particle morphology in controlling sand strength and dilatancy, offering insights for physically grounded constitutive modelling of granular materials.

在直接剪切试验（DST）条件下，研究了颗粒形态对纳米比亚沙丘砂强度和剪胀特性的影响。为此，在三种正常应力（50、100和200 kPa）和三种相对密度（0.25、0.5和0.75）下进行了一系列DSTs。为了了解颗粒形态的作用，我们使用计算几何方法考虑主取向平面，从扫描电子显微镜获得的二维二值图像中量化颗粒形状描述符，包括长宽比、圆度、凹凸度、球度和整体规律性。结果表明：致密组合件的应力比表现为先应变硬化后软化，松散组合件的应力比表现为连续硬化；垂直应变和剪胀角随着正应力的增大而减小，而摩擦角峰值随着相对密度的增大而增大，这是由于颗粒互锁作用的增强；临界状态摩擦角在很大程度上对密度不敏感，反映了极限剪切时的稳定性。Bolton的经验模型低估了剪胀角，剪胀角对正应力高度敏感（200kpa时经验常数Q≈10.47）。由大气压力平面归一化的孔洞正应力比对数的临界状态参数随密度和颗粒的规律性而系统地变化，与文献一致，并证实了所提出框架的鲁棒性。这些发现验证了本构预测，并强调了颗粒形态在控制砂土强度和剪胀性方面的关键作用，为颗粒材料的物理接地本构建模提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Wrinkled spray-dried nanocellulose/chitosan microparticles as bio-based carriers for curcumin: Linking particle morphology to adsorption and release mechanisms 褶皱喷雾干燥纳米纤维素/壳聚糖微颗粒作为姜黄素的生物基载体：颗粒形态与吸附和释放机制的联系

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.022

Huynh Vu Thanh Luong , My Tran Diep , Ngoc Cham Phan , Ngoc Yen Nguyen , Duy Toan Pham , Trong Tuan Nguyen , Huynh Giao Dang

This study developed chitosan–nanocellulose (CNC/CTS) microparticles via spray-drying as carriers for oral delivery of curcumin. Cellulose was extracted from Nypa fruticans fibers using a green electrochemical method and converted to nanocrystals, which were then combined with chitosan at varying CNC concentrations (1–7 %) and CNC:CTS ratios (1:1, 2:1, 4:1) to produce microparticles with tunable, wrinkled, spherical morphologies. Curcumin loading was performed by spray-drying or post-adsorption, with the latter achieving higher capacity (34.7 mg/g), ∼5.4-fold solubility enhancement, and sustained release over 24 h in simulated intestinal fluid following zero-order kinetics. Mucoadhesion tests showed strong mucin binding (>60 %) and increased viscosity, indicating potential for prolonged gastrointestinal residence. Mechanistic analyses revealed multi-modal interactions—including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic forces, and π–π stacking—governing adsorption and release behavior. These results demonstrate that particle morphology and surface chemistry can be tuned to optimize delivery performance, highlighting CNC/CTS microparticles as a sustainable, scalable platform for oral administration of poorly soluble bioactives.

本研究采用喷雾干燥法制备壳聚糖纳米纤维素（CNC/CTS）微颗粒作为姜黄素口服给药载体。采用绿色电化学方法从Nypa fruticans纤维中提取纤维素，并将其转化为纳米晶体，然后在不同CNC浓度（1 - 7%）和CNC:CTS比例（1:1,2:1,4:1）下与壳聚糖结合，制备出具有可调节的褶皱球形微颗粒。姜黄素通过喷雾干燥或后吸附的方式加载，后吸附的容量更高（34.7 mg/g），溶解度提高约5.4倍，并在模拟肠道液中按照零级动力学持续释放超过24小时。黏液黏附试验显示黏液蛋白结合较强（60%），黏度增加，表明可能在胃肠道停留较长时间。机理分析揭示了多模态相互作用-包括氢键，静电力和π -π堆叠-控制吸附和释放行为。这些结果表明，颗粒形态和表面化学可以调整以优化递送性能，突出CNC/CTS微颗粒作为一个可持续的，可扩展的平台，用于口服给药难溶性生物活性物质。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Recent advances in inkjet printing synthesis of functional metal oxides” [Particuology 19 (2015) 1–13] “功能金属氧化物喷墨打印合成的最新进展”的勘误表[Particuology 19 (2015) 1-13]

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.003

Xiaonao Liu , Tzyh-Jong Tarn , Fenfen Huang , Jie Fan

引用次数: 0

Synergistically enhanced high-efficiency mixing in multi-stage micro-mixers with hybrid design 混合设计的多级微型混合器中协同增强的高效混合

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.006

Jun Dong , Jiangkun Liu , Huimin Lv , Yonggang Zhu , Chengyue Wang

This study designs and analyzes two high-performance hybrid micromixers: a multi-channel type Mixer 1 and a super-efficient type Mixer 2. Mixer 1 integrates a tree-shape distributor with Split-and-Recombine (SAR) mixers, while Mixer 2 incorporates an additional tree-shape Focus mixer after the SAR mixers. Mixing performance was analyzed across a Reynolds number (Re) range of 0.5–120. The distributor, designed via entropy generation minimization, uniformly splits flow into eight outlets while preserving the inlet concentration distribution. The SAR unit significantly enhances transverse mass transport through Baker's transformation and secondary flows. Using over four SAR units yields >90 % efficiency across the entire Re range. The Focus mixer reduces fluid-layer thickness through bifurcation-merging processes and induces secondary flow; with four branching generations, its efficiency surpasses 90 % at Re > 10 and 99 % at Re > 35. In hybrid configurations with six SAR units, Mixer 1 exhibits a mixing efficiency dip to 95 % for Re = 6 across all outlets, exceeding 99 % for Re < 3 and Re > 8. Mixer 2 also shows a dip at Re = 6, but its minimum efficiency remains >97 %, validating its ultra-high-efficiency design.

本研究设计并分析了两种高性能混合微混频器：多通道混合器1和超高效混合器2。混合器1集成了一个树形分布与分裂和重组（SAR）混合器，而混合器2合并了一个额外的树形焦点混合器后的SAR混合器。在0.5 ~ 120雷诺数范围内对混合性能进行了分析。通过最小化熵生成设计的分配器，在保持入口浓度分布的同时，均匀地将水流分成八个出口。SAR单元通过贝克变换和二次流显著增强了横向质量输运。使用四个以上的SAR单元，在整个Re范围内的效率为90%。Focus混合器通过分岔合并过程减小流层厚度，诱导二次流；在四个分支世代中，其效率在Re >； 10和Re >； 35时分别超过90%和99%。在具有六个SAR单元的混合配置中，混合器1在所有出口的Re = 6的混合效率降至95%，而在Re <； 3和Re >； 8的混合效率超过99%。混合器2在Re = 6时也显示出下降，但其最低效率保持在97%，验证了其超高效率设计。

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引用次数: 0