Examen crítico de la sintaxis matemática del etéreo mundo celeste en el que los arquetipos noéticos quedan plasmados en réplicas de rol dinámico superior a las del mundo sublunar por μέθεξις más ajustada. Área de convergencia de pensamientos islámico y cristiano por su nexo aristotélico, la astronomía despunta en el Medievo como scientia media (inter scientiam naturalem et mathematicam). El sistema ptolemaico de epiciclos y deferentes es testado en su irrefutabilidad formal como modelo descriptivo solvente con la solución positivista del ecuante como temprana petición de excentricidad orbital (foco vacío de la futura elíptica kepleriana).
{"title":"Sintaxis matemática del cielo precopernicano","authors":"Vicente Llamas Roig","doi":"10.5209/dmae.83990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/dmae.83990","url":null,"abstract":"Examen crítico de la sintaxis matemática del etéreo mundo celeste en el que los arquetipos noéticos quedan plasmados en réplicas de rol dinámico superior a las del mundo sublunar por μέθεξις más ajustada. Área de convergencia de pensamientos islámico y cristiano por su nexo aristotélico, la astronomía despunta en el Medievo como scientia media (inter scientiam naturalem et mathematicam). El sistema ptolemaico de epiciclos y deferentes es testado en su irrefutabilidad formal como modelo descriptivo solvente con la solución positivista del ecuante como temprana petición de excentricidad orbital (foco vacío de la futura elíptica kepleriana).","PeriodicalId":40181,"journal":{"name":"De Medio Aevo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44850998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field of infectious disease history has been transformed in the past decade in large part because of fortuitous developments in several adjacent fields, most importantly genetics. The medieval period (ca. 500 to ca. 1500) has proved particularly important for these developments, not simply because it is now the earliest period from which whole genomes of several bacterial and viral pathogens have been retrieved, but also because the narratives that can be constructed about disease emergence and dissemination are most robust for this period thanks to the amount of surviving archival evidence. This essay introduces the transformative work in molecular biology that has allowed reconstruction of the evolutionary histories of pathogens afflicting humankind. Plague, the disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, has been at the forefront of this new work. An extraordinarily lethal disease, plague gives a prime example of how the evolutionary narratives of genetics yield information valuable to historians, precisely because they allow us to see phenomena at a hitherto invisible microscopic level. This essay proposes a new definition of the Black Death, or more properly, the Second Plague Pandemic, which is based on a new, evolutionary understanding of the pandemic’s pathogen. However, scientific approaches are not inherently more productive of unassailable truths than are traditional humanistic or archaeological methods for the study of disease history. The complementarity of material and cultural sources is especially fruitful for work employing the perspectives of global history. Although most historiography on the late medieval pandemic has focused on Europe, whose crisis with plague did not begin until 1347, I argue that such a limited geographic definition occludes not only as much as a century and a half of plague activity, but also occludes connected events in Asia and Africa. Given the urgency of understanding pandemics in a world of rapid change, the history of plague offers us the best available model for thinking about pandemics.
{"title":"New Definition of the Black Death: Genetic Findings and Historical Interpretations","authors":"Monica H. Green","doi":"10.5209/dmae.83788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/dmae.83788","url":null,"abstract":"The field of infectious disease history has been transformed in the past decade in large part because of fortuitous developments in several adjacent fields, most importantly genetics. The medieval period (ca. 500 to ca. 1500) has proved particularly important for these developments, not simply because it is now the earliest period from which whole genomes of several bacterial and viral pathogens have been retrieved, but also because the narratives that can be constructed about disease emergence and dissemination are most robust for this period thanks to the amount of surviving archival evidence. This essay introduces the transformative work in molecular biology that has allowed reconstruction of the evolutionary histories of pathogens afflicting humankind. Plague, the disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, has been at the forefront of this new work. An extraordinarily lethal disease, plague gives a prime example of how the evolutionary narratives of genetics yield information valuable to historians, precisely because they allow us to see phenomena at a hitherto invisible microscopic level. This essay proposes a new definition of the Black Death, or more properly, the Second Plague Pandemic, which is based on a new, evolutionary understanding of the pandemic’s pathogen. However, scientific approaches are not inherently more productive of unassailable truths than are traditional humanistic or archaeological methods for the study of disease history. The complementarity of material and cultural sources is especially fruitful for work employing the perspectives of global history. Although most historiography on the late medieval pandemic has focused on Europe, whose crisis with plague did not begin until 1347, I argue that such a limited geographic definition occludes not only as much as a century and a half of plague activity, but also occludes connected events in Asia and Africa. Given the urgency of understanding pandemics in a world of rapid change, the history of plague offers us the best available model for thinking about pandemics.","PeriodicalId":40181,"journal":{"name":"De Medio Aevo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43163194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we discuss the general question on how a Byzantine philosopher-theologian of the late Palaeologan Renaissance forms some aspects of Natural Science. Specifically, focusing on George Pachymeres’ Paraphrasis of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite’s De divinis nominibus, we investigate how this philosopher builds his theory on the natural elements (earth, air, water, fire). We raise a number of questions that have to do with the way in which the elements exist, what is their relation to matter, how causality works in this case and whether priority is given to Ontology or Epistemology. From a methodological point of view, we approach the text scientifically, philosophically and theologically. The most important conclusion that we draw is that in this commentary George Pachymeres’ references on the elements can be placed into three categories (the elements 1. as the products of the divine energies; 2. as cosmological sources; 3. as allegorical names), depending on the context. Finally, we can contend that, although he does not present here a systematic theory on the elements, the Byzantine thinker, who has a thorough knowledge of both the Platonic and Aristotelian tradition, manages to conceive the concept of the “element”.
在本文中，我们讨论了一个普遍的问题，即古罗马文艺复兴后期的拜占庭哲学家神学家是如何形成自然科学的某些方面的。具体来说，我们以乔治·帕奇梅雷斯的《拟酒神的Paraphrasis of PseudoDionysius》和阿留帕派的《De divis nominibus》为中心，探讨这位哲学家是如何将他的理论建立在自然元素（地球、空气、水、火）之上的。我们提出了许多问题，这些问题与元素的存在方式、它们与物质的关系、因果关系在这种情况下是如何运作的，以及是优先考虑本体论还是认识论有关。从方法论的角度，我们对文本进行科学、哲学和神学的处理。我们得出的最重要的结论是，在这篇评论中，George Pachymeres对元素的引用可以分为三类（元素1。作为神圣能量的产物；2.作为宇宙学的来源；3.作为寓言名称）。最后，我们可以说，尽管拜占庭思想家在这里没有提出一个关于元素的系统理论，但他对柏拉图和亚里士多德的传统都有深入的了解，他成功地构思了“元素”的概念。
{"title":"The theory on the natural elements in the philosophical and theological system of the Byzantine thinker George Pachymeres","authors":"Lydia Petridou, C. Terezis","doi":"10.5209/dmae.83577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/dmae.83577","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss the general question on how a Byzantine philosopher-theologian of the late Palaeologan Renaissance forms some aspects of Natural Science. Specifically, focusing on George Pachymeres’ Paraphrasis of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite’s De divinis nominibus, we investigate how this philosopher builds his theory on the natural elements (earth, air, water, fire). We raise a number of questions that have to do with the way in which the elements exist, what is their relation to matter, how causality works in this case and whether priority is given to Ontology or Epistemology. From a methodological point of view, we approach the text scientifically, philosophically and theologically. The most important conclusion that we draw is that in this commentary George Pachymeres’ references on the elements can be placed into three categories (the elements 1. as the products of the divine energies; 2. as cosmological sources; 3. as allegorical names), depending on the context. Finally, we can contend that, although he does not present here a systematic theory on the elements, the Byzantine thinker, who has a thorough knowledge of both the Platonic and Aristotelian tradition, manages to conceive the concept of the “element”.","PeriodicalId":40181,"journal":{"name":"De Medio Aevo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49599115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Which is the structure of Julian of Norwich’s short text? This issue has hardly ever been explored. Notwithstanding, it is important to the understanding of the work’s meaning. My essay is a literary analysis aimed at showing that Julian turned her revelations into a spiritual programme divided, according to tradition, into steps. Its reference points are the “thre noughtes” that Julian mentions in her first vision, as there is evidence that they are the focus of a prologue, they mark the stages of an ascent to God, they are at the heart of a tripartite conclusion. This structure reflects the three wounds (of contrition, compassion, longing for God) that Julian had desired to receive from God when she was young and offers a reading of the short text independently of the long text. My analysis tries to answer another rarely explored question: what are exactly the “thre nougthes” to which Julian refers in her first vision? My identification is based on a strictly linguistic issue, which has never been taken into account: the morphological and semantic difference between ‘nought’ (noun) and ‘noughten’ / ‘noughtinge’ (verb and gerund respectively).
{"title":"‘Noughtes’ and ‘noughtinges’ in the Short Text of Julian of Norwich: A Literary Analysis","authors":"Angela Zaccara","doi":"10.5209/dmae.83495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/dmae.83495","url":null,"abstract":"Which is the structure of Julian of Norwich’s short text? This issue has hardly ever been explored. Notwithstanding, it is important to the understanding of the work’s meaning. My essay is a literary analysis aimed at showing that Julian turned her revelations into a spiritual programme divided, according to tradition, into steps. Its reference points are the “thre noughtes” that Julian mentions in her first vision, as there is evidence that they are the focus of a prologue, they mark the stages of an ascent to God, they are at the heart of a tripartite conclusion. This structure reflects the three wounds (of contrition, compassion, longing for God) that Julian had desired to receive from God when she was young and offers a reading of the short text independently of the long text. My analysis tries to answer another rarely explored question: what are exactly the “thre nougthes” to which Julian refers in her first vision? My identification is based on a strictly linguistic issue, which has never been taken into account: the morphological and semantic difference between ‘nought’ (noun) and ‘noughten’ / ‘noughtinge’ (verb and gerund respectively).","PeriodicalId":40181,"journal":{"name":"De Medio Aevo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42130760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Una de las cuestiones exegéticas más controvertidas de la teología patrística atañe a la creación de los ángeles, capítulo eludido en el Génesis. La cuestión era especialmente gravosa si se tienen en cuenta las importantes funciones de mediación atribuidas a los ángeles en contextos no solo teológicos, sino también filosóficos. Esta circunstancia pone de manifiesto la presencia en la tradición latina de, al menos, dos perspectivas, iniciadas respectivamente por san Agustín y san Ambrosio. El objeto de este trabajo de estética medieval consiste en analizar las distintas decisiones en torno al motivo de la creación de los ángeles y en estudiar cómo los escribas e iluminadores medievales, en esta como otras cuestiones, proponían con sus miniaturas el apoyo a una u otra posición, hasta el punto de generar distintos tipos iconográficos de acuerdo a las posiciones doctrinarias a las que se adscribieran. Nos aproximaremos al papel que jugaban los ángeles en la filosofía patrística y la consecuente importancia teológica de la cuestión en torno a su creación. Se estudian, seguidamente, las principales contribuciones latinas en el campo de los comentarios a los seis días de la Creación, tomando como base las dos alternativas mencionadas. Se propone, en tercer lugar, el análisis de una selección de imágenes provenientes de manuscritos medievales de entre los siglos XII al XIV con el propósito de identificar los tipos iconográficos del motivo indicado. Por último, presentamos unas consideraciones finales.
{"title":"Iconografía de la creación de los ángeles. Estudio de estética y filosofía medieval","authors":"Adrián Pradier","doi":"10.5209/dmae.83790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/dmae.83790","url":null,"abstract":"Una de las cuestiones exegéticas más controvertidas de la teología patrística atañe a la creación de los ángeles, capítulo eludido en el Génesis. La cuestión era especialmente gravosa si se tienen en cuenta las importantes funciones de mediación atribuidas a los ángeles en contextos no solo teológicos, sino también filosóficos. Esta circunstancia pone de manifiesto la presencia en la tradición latina de, al menos, dos perspectivas, iniciadas respectivamente por san Agustín y san Ambrosio. El objeto de este trabajo de estética medieval consiste en analizar las distintas decisiones en torno al motivo de la creación de los ángeles y en estudiar cómo los escribas e iluminadores medievales, en esta como otras cuestiones, proponían con sus miniaturas el apoyo a una u otra posición, hasta el punto de generar distintos tipos iconográficos de acuerdo a las posiciones doctrinarias a las que se adscribieran. Nos aproximaremos al papel que jugaban los ángeles en la filosofía patrística y la consecuente importancia teológica de la cuestión en torno a su creación. Se estudian, seguidamente, las principales contribuciones latinas en el campo de los comentarios a los seis días de la Creación, tomando como base las dos alternativas mencionadas. Se propone, en tercer lugar, el análisis de una selección de imágenes provenientes de manuscritos medievales de entre los siglos XII al XIV con el propósito de identificar los tipos iconográficos del motivo indicado. Por último, presentamos unas consideraciones finales.","PeriodicalId":40181,"journal":{"name":"De Medio Aevo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45874090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrizio Bisconti. In Memoriam","authors":"G. Ferri","doi":"10.5209/dmae.83642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/dmae.83642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40181,"journal":{"name":"De Medio Aevo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47484735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dennj Solera, La società dell’Inquisizione. Uomini, tribunali e pratiche del Sant’Uffizio romano. Roma: Carocci Editore, 2021. 243 pp. ISBN: 978 88 290 1079 0","authors":"J. M. De Lara Vázquez","doi":"10.5209/dmae.83507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/dmae.83507","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40181,"journal":{"name":"De Medio Aevo","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41704074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study is focused on clarifying the origin of the pictorial model of the subject “Theotokos Blachernitissa” and its dogmatic and Eucharistic significance as a visual expression of the idea of the Holy Mother of God as a “living altar” of God. This subject enjoys a great variety of names and iconographic variations, hence sometimes questions arise about the correct identification of some models. A typical example in this regard is the fresco of the Mother of God, decorating the tomb of Irene Raoulaina Palaeologina in the outer narthex of the Chora Monastery (Tomb E). This paper aims to prove that the fresco, designated as “Theotokos Blachernitissa” actually has a hymnographic content and should be identified rather as “Theotokos Axion Estin (It is Truly Meet)”.
{"title":"“Blachernitissa” or “Axion Estin”: On the name of the fresco of the Mother of God from Tomb E of the Chora monastery","authors":"R. Todorova","doi":"10.5209/dmae.83451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/dmae.83451","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is focused on clarifying the origin of the pictorial model of the subject “Theotokos Blachernitissa” and its dogmatic and Eucharistic significance as a visual expression of the idea of the Holy Mother of God as a “living altar” of God. This subject enjoys a great variety of names and iconographic variations, hence sometimes questions arise about the correct identification of some models. A typical example in this regard is the fresco of the Mother of God, decorating the tomb of Irene Raoulaina Palaeologina in the outer narthex of the Chora Monastery (Tomb E). This paper aims to prove that the fresco, designated as “Theotokos Blachernitissa” actually has a hymnographic content and should be identified rather as “Theotokos Axion Estin (It is Truly Meet)”.","PeriodicalId":40181,"journal":{"name":"De Medio Aevo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43622528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marco Leonardi, La medievistica «siciliana» e l’«età del vespro» (1250-1302). Fonti, ricostruzione storica, polemica storiografica). Catania: Algra Editore, 2020. 92 pp. ISBN: 978-88-9341-313-8","authors":"J. M. De Lara Vázquez","doi":"10.5209/dmae.83508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/dmae.83508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40181,"journal":{"name":"De Medio Aevo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47414111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iconographic analysis of The Mérode Annunciation has traditionally ignored how the medieval mind forged chains of memory prompts to expand meditation. Even the recent focus on devotional themes has largely failed to accommodate the mental process of meditation itself. The meditating mind prefers to move smoothly between prompts so that it can take full advantage of recollection — a mental process hampered by discursive analysis. Recollection retrieves stored memories and then links them in a continuous chain of meaning. The Campin workshop used embellishments — including placement, color and materials — to enhance the ductus of the Annunciate reading sacred scripture with clean hands and a pure heart. Such mnemonics are open-ended and multilayered within the framework of a specific devotional theme. They are metaphorical steps available to all who hope to conceive Christ spiritually and receive the blessings of eternal life.
{"title":"Clean Hands Are Not Enough: Lectio Divina for Novices in the Mérode Annunciation","authors":"Patricia Patgett Lea","doi":"10.5209/dmae.83647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/dmae.83647","url":null,"abstract":"Iconographic analysis of The Mérode Annunciation has traditionally ignored how the medieval mind forged chains of memory prompts to expand meditation. Even the recent focus on devotional themes has largely failed to accommodate the mental process of meditation itself. The meditating mind prefers to move smoothly between prompts so that it can take full advantage of recollection — a mental process hampered by discursive analysis. Recollection retrieves stored memories and then links them in a continuous chain of meaning. The Campin workshop used embellishments — including placement, color and materials — to enhance the ductus of the Annunciate reading sacred scripture with clean hands and a pure heart. Such mnemonics are open-ended and multilayered within the framework of a specific devotional theme. They are metaphorical steps available to all who hope to conceive Christ spiritually and receive the blessings of eternal life. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":40181,"journal":{"name":"De Medio Aevo","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45805864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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