Pub Date : 2012-05-14DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.1.0001
Kathleen C. Engel
In its first sixty years, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, went from being an energetic hub of evangelical outreach to a quiet retreat in the northeastern Pennsylvania hills. During the settlement’s early decades, the Moravians took advantage of Britain’s broad pro-Protestant policies and of the expanding Atlantic economy. Deep engagement also brought friction, however. This article argues that Bethlehem’s retreat resulted from its very engagement in the wider British Atlantic world and from the difficulties caused by the Moravians’ desire to remain a distinct community in a rapidly changing political and religious environment.
{"title":"Moravians in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World","authors":"Kathleen C. Engel","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"In its first sixty years, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, went from being an energetic hub of evangelical outreach to a quiet retreat in the northeastern Pennsylvania hills. During the settlement’s early decades, the Moravians took advantage of Britain’s broad pro-Protestant policies and of the expanding Atlantic economy. Deep engagement also brought friction, however. This article argues that Bethlehem’s retreat resulted from its very engagement in the wider British Atlantic world and from the difficulties caused by the Moravians’ desire to remain a distinct community in a rapidly changing political and religious environment.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"12 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.1.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-14DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.1.0093
Jonathan Yonan
On August 14, 1775, Francis Okely of Northampton, England, wrote a letter to the General Synod of the Moravian Church. Though a Moravian minister, his letter sought permission to preach for John Wesley in Towcester. Within his letter, Okely gave background to his request, including a paraphrase of a letter he had written to Wesley between July 24 and 31, 1775. His letter also reproduced a verbatim copy of the reply he later received from Wesley, dated July 31. This correspondence, apparently only preserved within Okely’s August 14 letter, has never been published. It offers important insights into some of the interdenominational efforts to promote evangelical unity and to re-ignite evangelical revival in England.
{"title":"The 1775 Correspondence of John Wesley and Francis Okely","authors":"Jonathan Yonan","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.1.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.1.0093","url":null,"abstract":"On August 14, 1775, Francis Okely of Northampton, England, wrote a letter to the General Synod of the Moravian Church. Though a Moravian minister, his letter sought permission to preach for John Wesley in Towcester. Within his letter, Okely gave background to his request, including a paraphrase of a letter he had written to Wesley between July 24 and 31, 1775. His letter also reproduced a verbatim copy of the reply he later received from Wesley, dated July 31. This correspondence, apparently only preserved within Okely’s August 14 letter, has never been published. It offers important insights into some of the interdenominational efforts to promote evangelical unity and to re-ignite evangelical revival in England.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"12 1","pages":"103 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2012-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.12.1.0093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
collection of periodicals. Complete runs of The American Review: A Whig Journal and the United States Magazine and Democratic Review filled library shelves. The paucity of religious works is the one area in which the library does not resemble a typical middle-class American parlor. This may reflect Fillmore’s respect for the division of church and state in spending public monies. Parisian is to be commended for the extent of bibliographic information provided for each entry in the catalogue, although it is often more than the average reader needs. The First White House Library is an impressive work of reconstruction and a revealing snapshot of the reading interests of mid nineteenthcentury Americans. This reviewer hopes that the catalogue will also see a digital publication. An online catalogue, perhaps with links to digital surrogates in Google Books or other digital archives, would make for an outstanding resource for educators and researchers alike.
{"title":"Wandering Souls: Protestant Migrations in America, 1630-1865","authors":"J. Fea","doi":"10.1093/JAHIST/JAQ010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JAHIST/JAQ010","url":null,"abstract":"collection of periodicals. Complete runs of The American Review: A Whig Journal and the United States Magazine and Democratic Review filled library shelves. The paucity of religious works is the one area in which the library does not resemble a typical middle-class American parlor. This may reflect Fillmore’s respect for the division of church and state in spending public monies. Parisian is to be commended for the extent of bibliographic information provided for each entry in the catalogue, although it is often more than the average reader needs. The First White House Library is an impressive work of reconstruction and a revealing snapshot of the reading interests of mid nineteenthcentury Americans. This reviewer hopes that the catalogue will also see a digital publication. An online catalogue, perhaps with links to digital surrogates in Google Books or other digital archives, would make for an outstanding resource for educators and researchers alike.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85322522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The “Instructions for the Married Choir Helpers” were written guidelines for the helpers of the married people choir on what today would be called pastoral counseling. Tliey were drawn up by Bishop Spangenberg on consultation with the other members of the Unity Elders' Conference between the two synods of 1775 and 1785. In most European and North American congregations manuscript copies of these “Instructions” exist, to be read only by the choir helpers. The healthy conduct of marriage, according to the principles and concepts of the church was clearly considered to be crucial to the health of the whole church. To a modern reader, the frankness and simplicity with which the practice of marital relations is described and valorized is refreshing.
{"title":"The Married Choir Instructions (1785)","authors":"K. Faull, Jeannette Norfleet","doi":"10.2307/41200954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41200954","url":null,"abstract":"The “Instructions for the Married Choir Helpers” were written guidelines for the helpers of the married people choir on what today would be called pastoral counseling. Tliey were drawn up by Bishop Spangenberg on consultation with the other members of the Unity Elders' Conference between the two synods of 1775 and 1785. In most European and North American congregations manuscript copies of these “Instructions” exist, to be read only by the choir helpers. The healthy conduct of marriage, according to the principles and concepts of the church was clearly considered to be crucial to the health of the whole church. To a modern reader, the frankness and simplicity with which the practice of marital relations is described and valorized is refreshing.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/41200954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69291598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This text is a work of historical pseudo-autobiography of a Mohican man baptized Joshua, who lived 1720-1775. It is written in the form of a Lebenslauf, the Moravian form of spiritual autobiography, as an experimental attempt to humanize Indian experiences of colonialism. It is based on research in the Moravian mission records, which contain extensive reports about Joshua, though nothing in his own hand. This Lebenslauf is intended to provide a suggestive rather than definitive account of one Native American's experience of Christianity in the eighteenth century.
{"title":"An Imagined Mohican-Moravian “Lebenslauf”: Joshua Sr., d. 1775","authors":"R. Wheeler","doi":"10.2307/41345592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41345592","url":null,"abstract":"This text is a work of historical pseudo-autobiography of a Mohican man baptized Joshua, who lived 1720-1775. It is written in the form of a Lebenslauf, the Moravian form of spiritual autobiography, as an experimental attempt to humanize Indian experiences of colonialism. It is based on research in the Moravian mission records, which contain extensive reports about Joshua, though nothing in his own hand. This Lebenslauf is intended to provide a suggestive rather than definitive account of one Native American's experience of Christianity in the eighteenth century.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69313410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jan Hus: Religious Reform and Social Revolution in Bohemia","authors":"Craig D. Atwood","doi":"10.2307/41345595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41345595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69313572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pietismus im Sozialismus: Die Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine in der DDR. Kritische Studien zur Geschichtswissenschaft 186","authors":"Anthony J. Steinhoff","doi":"10.2307/41200960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41200960","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/41200960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69291635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Friedenshütten to Wyoming: Johannes Ettwein's Map of the Upper Susquehanna (1768) and an Account of his Journey","authors":"K. Faull","doi":"10.2307/41345594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41345594","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/41345594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69313565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tins article presents a bilingual annotated edition of an important, yet previously unknown source document related to the Moravian view of marriage. The text, written by Zinzendorf in 1740, outlines his understanding of marriage in seventeen points, covering both theological questions and practical issues such as the relationship between husband and wife, the role of bodily sensations, and the conception of children. While the document was never published by Zinzendorf himself the fact that several copies of it have been preserved both in Europe and America suggests its importance for the Moravian community. Possibly it was used as a guide for the instruction of married couples. The article also includes a pertinent passage on marriage from Zinzendorf's 1742 Manual of Doctrine, which takes up many similar themes and offers an interesting point of comparison between public and non-public modes of Moravian discourse on this sensitive topic. Both source texts reflect Zinzendorf's concern to articulate a sound theological rationale for the practice of marriage within the Moravian community. In addition, the “Seventeen Points of Matrimony” can be considered to mark the transition from the focus on marital holiness, which was characteristic for the practice of marriage in the early Herrnhut congregation, toward the development of Zinzendorf's radical theology of marriage during the 1740s, known as “Ehereligion.”
{"title":"Zinzendorf's “Seventeen Points of Matrimony”: A Fundamental Document on the Moravian Understanding of Marriage and Sexuality","authors":"Peter T. Vogt","doi":"10.2307/41200953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41200953","url":null,"abstract":"Tins article presents a bilingual annotated edition of an important, yet previously unknown source document related to the Moravian view of marriage. The text, written by Zinzendorf in 1740, outlines his understanding of marriage in seventeen points, covering both theological questions and practical issues such as the relationship between husband and wife, the role of bodily sensations, and the conception of children. While the document was never published by Zinzendorf himself the fact that several copies of it have been preserved both in Europe and America suggests its importance for the Moravian community. Possibly it was used as a guide for the instruction of married couples. The article also includes a pertinent passage on marriage from Zinzendorf's 1742 Manual of Doctrine, which takes up many similar themes and offers an interesting point of comparison between public and non-public modes of Moravian discourse on this sensitive topic. Both source texts reflect Zinzendorf's concern to articulate a sound theological rationale for the practice of marriage within the Moravian community. In addition, the “Seventeen Points of Matrimony” can be considered to mark the transition from the focus on marital holiness, which was characteristic for the practice of marriage in the early Herrnhut congregation, toward the development of Zinzendorf's radical theology of marriage during the 1740s, known as “Ehereligion.”","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/41200953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69291596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mellem Afrikaner og kreol: ethnisk identitet og social navigation i Dansk Vestindien","authors":"S. Holsoe","doi":"10.2307/41345596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/41345596","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/41345596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69313576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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