Pub Date : 2016-11-04DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.16.2.0090
T. Fudge
This historiographical article seeks to delineate the main sources and trajectories of interpretation over a 150-year period that has shaped the understanding of Jan Hus in the Anglophone world. The article also assesses the scholarly value of the major writings that have appeared. The evaluation is intentionally limited to books written wholly or largely about Hus while recognizing that a handful of scholars have made serious or important contributions in ways other than producing a monograph. The author argues there is a serious lack of historiographical awareness in the English-speaking world around the figure of Jan Hus that has been apparent during the many international symposia and other events marking the six-hundredth anniversary of his death in 2015. This article, building on the seminal work of Jarold K. Zeman in the 1970s, identifies the existing historiographical traditions, recent developments and advances, and the major textual contributions, and offers an opinion on the future of Jan Hus studies.
这篇史学文章试图描述在150年期间的主要来源和解释轨迹，这些解释塑造了英语世界对简·胡斯的理解。文章还评估了已出现的主要著作的学术价值。本评价有意限于全部或大部分关于胡斯的著作，同时认识到少数学者在撰写专著之外的其他方面做出了严肃或重要的贡献。作者认为，在英语世界，人们对Jan Hus这个人物的史学认识严重缺乏，这一点在2015年纪念Jan Hus逝世600周年的许多国际研讨会和其他活动中都很明显。本文以Jarold K. Zeman在20世纪70年代的开创性工作为基础，确定了现有的史学传统，最近的发展和进步，以及主要的文本贡献，并对Jan Hus研究的未来提出了意见。
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Pub Date : 2016-11-04DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.16.2.0065
Tom Schwanda
Czech reformer Jan Hus (c. 1372–1415) has enjoyed a venerated place in Protestantism. Martin Luther’s initial disdain for him was quickly transformed once he read Hus’s sermons. Instead of rehearsing the literature of the early Protestants the article researches the untapped documents of the early modern period. In particular, the reception of Hus is traced in the writings of seventeenth-century British and American Puritans and eighteenth-century British and American Evangelicals. The ecclesiastical histories from this same period are also examined and provide a fuller and more critical exploration into Hus’s life, especially his trial at Constance. Throughout these writings Hus has been highly acclaimed and celebrated as a champion of truth amid the persecution of the Roman Church and a significant reformer of the church.
{"title":"The Protestant Reception of Jan Hus in Great Britain and the American Colonies","authors":"Tom Schwanda","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.16.2.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.16.2.0065","url":null,"abstract":"Czech reformer Jan Hus (c. 1372–1415) has enjoyed a venerated place in Protestantism. Martin Luther’s initial disdain for him was quickly transformed once he read Hus’s sermons. Instead of rehearsing the literature of the early Protestants the article researches the untapped documents of the early modern period. In particular, the reception of Hus is traced in the writings of seventeenth-century British and American Puritans and eighteenth-century British and American Evangelicals. The ecclesiastical histories from this same period are also examined and provide a fuller and more critical exploration into Hus’s life, especially his trial at Constance. Throughout these writings Hus has been highly acclaimed and celebrated as a champion of truth amid the persecution of the Roman Church and a significant reformer of the church.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"51 1","pages":"65 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-02DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.16.1.0001
S. Gordon, Robert Paul Lienemann
Rifle collectors and contemporary rifle builders have romanticized the gunshop at Christiansbrunn (or Christian’s Spring) into something it never was. Offering a carefully researched analysis of the gunmaking trade in the Moravian communities of Bethlehem, Christiansbrunn, and Nazareth, this article shows that during the 1750s the gunstocker’s activity contributed more to supporting mission work than it did to the General Economy. The gunstocker worked “on demand,” repairing or restocking the arms brought to him by Native Americans or a few friends of the community. Only in the 1760s, several years after the trade had moved to Christiansbrunn, did Moravian gunstockers begin to produce new rifles for sale to the general public. Gunmaking in Christiansbrunn was a modest affair, except in the mid-1770s when the American Revolution briefly transformed the gunshop into an ambitious arms factory. After the war, authorities allowed gunmaking activities in Christiansbrunn to decline and closed the shop in the late 1780s.
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Pub Date : 2016-05-02DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.16.1.0045
Christina Petterson
In 1755 the Lutheran Pastor Johann Gottlob Seidel published his polemical text Haupt-Schlüssel zum Herrnhutischen Ehe-Sacrament. The publication consisted of a number of Count Zinzendorf’s sermons to the married choirs in Herrnhut, Herrnhaag and Marienborn, with an introduction and running commentary by Seidel. The introduction is the point of departure of this article because Seidel’s vehement criticism of Zinzendorf’s business practices provides an insight into the effects of the emerging global economy on local industry. By shifting Seidel’s emphasis from marriage to the choir structure of the community, this article will demonstrate how the Moravians took part in these processes.
1755年，路德教会牧师约翰·戈特洛布·塞德尔出版了他的论战性著作《haupt - schl ssel zum Herrnhutischen Ehe-Sacrament》。这本书收录了津岑多夫伯爵对赫尔恩胡特、赫尔恩哈格和马里恩博恩已婚合唱团的布道，并附有塞德尔的介绍和连续评论。引言是本文的出发点，因为Seidel对Zinzendorf商业实践的激烈批评提供了对新兴全球经济对当地工业影响的见解。通过将塞德尔的重点从婚姻转移到社区的合唱团结构，本文将展示摩拉维亚人如何参与这些过程。
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Pub Date : 2015-11-18DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.15.2.0177
Lanie Yaswinski
Bibiana Friederica Göttlich Braun (1725–1807) served as a Moravian missionary in the Eastern West Indies from 1769 to 1791. This article contains translations of three letters she produced during her service. She composed the first letter to John Ettwein, a church administrator in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, soon after she arrived on the island of St. Croix in 1769. She wrote the other two letters to her friend in Bethlehem, Anna Johanna Seidel, from the islands of St. Thomas (1772) and Antigua (1775). These later letters are rare examples of eighteenth-century letters written by a woman to another woman about her activities as a female missionary in the Caribbean. The collection of letters as a whole helps to inform our modern understanding of female contributions to the Moravian mission fields.
{"title":"How One Spends a Useful Visit: The Letters of Friederica Göttlich Braun in the Eastern West Indies","authors":"Lanie Yaswinski","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.15.2.0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.15.2.0177","url":null,"abstract":"Bibiana Friederica Göttlich Braun (1725–1807) served as a Moravian missionary in the Eastern West Indies from 1769 to 1791. This article contains translations of three letters she produced during her service. She composed the first letter to John Ettwein, a church administrator in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, soon after she arrived on the island of St. Croix in 1769. She wrote the other two letters to her friend in Bethlehem, Anna Johanna Seidel, from the islands of St. Thomas (1772) and Antigua (1775). These later letters are rare examples of eighteenth-century letters written by a woman to another woman about her activities as a female missionary in the Caribbean. The collection of letters as a whole helps to inform our modern understanding of female contributions to the Moravian mission fields.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"15 1","pages":"177 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.15.2.0177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-18DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.15.2.0136
P. Peucker
In 1815 the Moravian women in Nazareth replaced their traditional Moravian bonnets and with more contemporary headgear. This article places these actions in the context of a changing Moravian Church during the early republic. The events of 1815 reveal how Moravians were becoming Americanized and how they developed different expectations regarding personal freedom versus church control. The Haube Revolt may be seen against the backdrop of a growing sense of American liberty and national pride, fed by the changing tide of the War of 1812.
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Pub Date : 2015-11-18DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.15.2.0158
Thomas J. McCullough
Moravian archival facilities around the world house over 40,000 memoirs, known in the German language as Lebensläufe, from members of the Moravian Church. This article is a translation of a memorandum, found at the Moravian Archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, about the collection of biographical information from members of the Moravian Church. This source, an undated request from Matthaeus Hehl, provides instructions for how to collect such information. Because Hehl calls upon Moravians to provide detailed information about their lives, he may have in effect contributed to the development of autobiographical discourse within the church. This manuscript is a significant discovery, as it builds upon our current understanding of autobiographical writing within the Moravian Church.
{"title":"The Most Memorable Circumstances: Instructions for the Collection of Personal Data from Church Members, circa 1752","authors":"Thomas J. McCullough","doi":"10.5325/JMORAHIST.15.2.0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JMORAHIST.15.2.0158","url":null,"abstract":"Moravian archival facilities around the world house over 40,000 memoirs, known in the German language as Lebensläufe, from members of the Moravian Church. This article is a translation of a memorandum, found at the Moravian Archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, about the collection of biographical information from members of the Moravian Church. This source, an undated request from Matthaeus Hehl, provides instructions for how to collect such information. Because Hehl calls upon Moravians to provide detailed information about their lives, he may have in effect contributed to the development of autobiographical discourse within the church. This manuscript is a significant discovery, as it builds upon our current understanding of autobiographical writing within the Moravian Church.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"15 1","pages":"158 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JMORAHIST.15.2.0158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70850770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-18DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.15.2.0097
Peter T. Vogt
This article explores the question of evidence and interpretation in relation to Zinzendorf’s view of Christ’s masculinity. The point of departure is the debate about Fogelman’s thesis that eighteenth-century Moravians believed in a female Jesus. This debate has made clear that the Moravian view of Jesus included female aspects, which are especially linked to the notion of maternal tenderness and the symbolism of the side-wound as birth organ. Generally, however, Zinzendorf’s view of Christ is marked by a strong emphasis on masculinity, associated with Jesus’ male body and his role as heavenly bridegroom. A close reading of the sources suggests that Zinzendorf possessed a comprehensive and coherent theological understanding of Christ’s masculinity that can be described as paradigm of masculinity. For this reason, the interpretation of Zinzendorf’s Christology in terms of androgyny is problematic. The presence of female attributes in Moravian Christology express the pastoral intent to show that the redemptive power of Christ transcends the lines of gender.
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Pub Date : 2014-11-13DOI: 10.5325/JMORAHIST.14.2.0119
S. Gordon
The diaries and letters written by Moravian ministers as the Paxton Boys bloodied Lancaster County in late 1763 challenge recent accounts of these events that have become an obligatory stop for historians studying the changing relations between Indians and whites in colonial America. These sources complicate the standard chronology in which physical violence turns to political pressure (on which, many historians suggest, the Paxton Boys were focused all along); they reveal that the killings were meant as a challenge to Edward Shippen and Lancaster’s elite, not provincial elites in Philadelphia; and they reveal that, while racial prejudice influenced the groups that the Paxton Boys considered enemies, their category of enemy itself was not limited by race. The Paxton Boys targeted whites, English Quakers and German Moravians, when they believed that these groups jeopardized the security of the backcountry. As riders cursing “God damn you, Moravians” passed through the village of Lititz, many feared that the German Moravians might be the next group to disappear from Pennsylvania’s landscape.
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