Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63998-3
S. Gordon
{"title":"Legacies of David Cranz’s “Historie von Grönland” (1765) ed. by Felicity Jensz and Christina Petterson (review)","authors":"S. Gordon","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-63998-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63998-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"21 1","pages":"212 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-030-63998-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43581832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.5325/jmorahist.21.2.0143
Christina Petterson
abstract:This article is a transcription and translation of the letter written by Johann Friedrich Köber to the interim leadership council (“Ratskonferenz”) in Herrnhut on January 16, 1762, advising a decision on the future mode of leadership in the Unity. It is an important document because it sets out the reasons for the subsequent change in leadership and locates the authority of the Moravian Church in a governing body rather than in an individual.
{"title":"Governing the Living Community of Jesus: Johann Friedrich Köber’s Letter on Leadership","authors":"Christina Petterson","doi":"10.5325/jmorahist.21.2.0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.21.2.0143","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article is a transcription and translation of the letter written by Johann Friedrich Köber to the interim leadership council (“Ratskonferenz”) in Herrnhut on January 16, 1762, advising a decision on the future mode of leadership in the Unity. It is an important document because it sets out the reasons for the subsequent change in leadership and locates the authority of the Moravian Church in a governing body rather than in an individual.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"21 1","pages":"143 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44159167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.109
S. Gordon
{"title":"Pacifist Prophet: Papunhank and the Quest for Peace in Early America by Richard W. Pointer (review)","authors":"S. Gordon","doi":"10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"21 1","pages":"109 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48256362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.0060
Robert B. Cotter
abstract:In December 1745 the English evangelist John Cennick (1718–55) set off to visit the Moravian continental centers Herrnhaag, Marienborn, and Lindheim—places that witnessed some of the most innovative liturgical practices and experiments in communal living, and that were the testing ground for Zinzendorf's probing theological reflections. Cennick wrote a first-hand, nonpolemical account of his lengthy stay there. While the original has been lost, a handwritten copy by A. C. Hassé exists that has never been published in full in a scholarly, annotated edition. This edition of Cennick's diary is based on Hassé's copy. We are given privileged access to the daily activities of a dynamic, cosmopolitan Philadelphian community seen through the admiring eyes of an introspective but observant onlooker. We are given detailed descriptions of the layout and use of buildings on the various sites. Even the recently completed paintings by Valentin Haidt are itemized. We also learn much more about John Cennick himself through this daily journal, especially his highly developed aesthetic sensibility that belies the image of him as the straightforward, activist preacher.
{"title":"John Cennick in Germany: His Marienborn Diary, 1745–1746","authors":"Robert B. Cotter","doi":"10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.0060","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In December 1745 the English evangelist John Cennick (1718–55) set off to visit the Moravian continental centers Herrnhaag, Marienborn, and Lindheim—places that witnessed some of the most innovative liturgical practices and experiments in communal living, and that were the testing ground for Zinzendorf's probing theological reflections. Cennick wrote a first-hand, nonpolemical account of his lengthy stay there. While the original has been lost, a handwritten copy by A. C. Hassé exists that has never been published in full in a scholarly, annotated edition. This edition of Cennick's diary is based on Hassé's copy. We are given privileged access to the daily activities of a dynamic, cosmopolitan Philadelphian community seen through the admiring eyes of an introspective but observant onlooker. We are given detailed descriptions of the layout and use of buildings on the various sites. Even the recently completed paintings by Valentin Haidt are itemized. We also learn much more about John Cennick himself through this daily journal, especially his highly developed aesthetic sensibility that belies the image of him as the straightforward, activist preacher.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"21 1","pages":"102 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44620479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.0001
Allyson Atwood Wooten
abstract:The study of changes in fashion adds an important dimension to the study of history as dress is one of the major forms of social communication. This is especially true of the eighteenth-century Moravian Church in which women (and to a lesser degree, men) adopted a distinctive style of dress in the 1730s that clearly identified them as members of the religious community. The original Moravian costume was adapted from the clothing of laborers and artisans in Central Europe. Especially important was the Haube or cap worn by Moravian women, which was tied with a colored ribbon indicating her choir. By the time Salem in North Carolina was established, Moravian costuming was a clear marker of Moravian identity. After the American Revolution, Moravians in Salem increasingly moved away from this distinctive dress in favor of more fashionable and expensive clothing. This trend toward dressing like Americans was consistent with the secularization of Salem in the first half of the nineteenth century. Moravians adapted the prevailing fashions of the early Republic to their unique religious/ community lifestyle.
{"title":"Hauben, Waistcoats, and Gowns: The Invention of Moravian Identity through Dress in Salem, North Carolina, 1780–1830","authors":"Allyson Atwood Wooten","doi":"10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The study of changes in fashion adds an important dimension to the study of history as dress is one of the major forms of social communication. This is especially true of the eighteenth-century Moravian Church in which women (and to a lesser degree, men) adopted a distinctive style of dress in the 1730s that clearly identified them as members of the religious community. The original Moravian costume was adapted from the clothing of laborers and artisans in Central Europe. Especially important was the Haube or cap worn by Moravian women, which was tied with a colored ribbon indicating her choir. By the time Salem in North Carolina was established, Moravian costuming was a clear marker of Moravian identity. After the American Revolution, Moravians in Salem increasingly moved away from this distinctive dress in favor of more fashionable and expensive clothing. This trend toward dressing like Americans was consistent with the secularization of Salem in the first half of the nineteenth century. Moravians adapted the prevailing fashions of the early Republic to their unique religious/ community lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"21 1","pages":"1 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45476242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.103
Howard Louthan
{"title":"Regesten der in den Handschriftenbänden Acta Unitas Fratrum I-IV überlieferten Texte ed. by Joachim Bahlcke et al. (review)","authors":"Howard Louthan","doi":"10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"21 1","pages":"103 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49231574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.0034
Christina Petterson
abstract:This publication is a transcription and translation of two texts that relate to slavery in the Danish West Indies. The first text is the second half of a letter by August Spangenberg to Isaac le Long just after Spangenberg's return to Skippack from the Danish West Indies. It contains Spangenberg's impressions of life and the mission in St. Thomas six years after its commencement. The second text is a German version of the farewell speech Zinzendorf gave to government officials and slaves in February 1739 concluding his sojourn on St. Thomas. In Zinzendorf's speech we see the distinction between the enslaved, mortal body and the free, eternal soul, which legitimates slavery within Christianity. Both of these texts are well known from studies on Moravian missions and slavery, but here the full text provides us with a fuller view of the political and social contexts of the early Moravian missions to the Danish West Indies and the complicated history of slavery and Christianity.
{"title":"Spangenberg and Zinzendorf on Slavery in the Danish West Indies","authors":"Christina Petterson","doi":"10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.21.1.0034","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This publication is a transcription and translation of two texts that relate to slavery in the Danish West Indies. The first text is the second half of a letter by August Spangenberg to Isaac le Long just after Spangenberg's return to Skippack from the Danish West Indies. It contains Spangenberg's impressions of life and the mission in St. Thomas six years after its commencement. The second text is a German version of the farewell speech Zinzendorf gave to government officials and slaves in February 1739 concluding his sojourn on St. Thomas. In Zinzendorf's speech we see the distinction between the enslaved, mortal body and the free, eternal soul, which legitimates slavery within Christianity. Both of these texts are well known from studies on Moravian missions and slavery, but here the full text provides us with a fuller view of the political and social contexts of the early Moravian missions to the Danish West Indies and the complicated history of slavery and Christianity.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"21 1","pages":"34 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45242098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.5325/jmorahist.20.2.0190
P. Boon
abstract:This article offers a transcript and a translation of a text written in 1836 by Hans Peter Hallbeck, Moravian bishop in South Africa, about the first centuries of colonial rule in South Africa. Hallbeck proves to be one of the first historiographers of South Africa using primary sources. The article places this text in the context of other early histories of South Africa, such as histories by John Philip and Meent Borcherds. The comparison of these histories reveals how the authors' position in society in their own time influenced the way they viewed the past of South Africa: Philip sided with the original inhabitants, Borcherds with the Dutch colonists, whilst Hallbeck took a middle ground. Hallbeck's document laid virtually untouched in Moravian archives in Germany and South Africa, inaccessible to South African historians, mainly because of the old German handwriting. It proves to be a valuable addition not only to Moravian but also to South African historical research.
{"title":"\"Settlement and Gradual Expansion of the Europeans in Southern Africa\": A History of the First Centuries of Colonial Rule in South Africa by Moravian Bishop Hans Peter Hallbeck","authors":"P. Boon","doi":"10.5325/jmorahist.20.2.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.20.2.0190","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article offers a transcript and a translation of a text written in 1836 by Hans Peter Hallbeck, Moravian bishop in South Africa, about the first centuries of colonial rule in South Africa. Hallbeck proves to be one of the first historiographers of South Africa using primary sources. The article places this text in the context of other early histories of South Africa, such as histories by John Philip and Meent Borcherds. The comparison of these histories reveals how the authors' position in society in their own time influenced the way they viewed the past of South Africa: Philip sided with the original inhabitants, Borcherds with the Dutch colonists, whilst Hallbeck took a middle ground. Hallbeck's document laid virtually untouched in Moravian archives in Germany and South Africa, inaccessible to South African historians, mainly because of the old German handwriting. It proves to be a valuable addition not only to Moravian but also to South African historical research.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"20 1","pages":"190 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47875219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.5325/jmorahist.20.2.0125
Hans J. Rollmann
abstract:This exploration of literacy and awakening draws attention to the fact that the learning of hymns and the translation of the Passion narrative of the Gospels were instrumental in the acceptance of the Moravian faith among the Labrador Inuit. Literacy, made possible through systematic schooling since 1780, was thus an important factor in the awakening of 1804/5 in Hopedale and contributed to the indigenization of Christianity in the eighteenth-century Moravian settlements of Nain, Okak, and Hopedale. During the awakening a significant shift occurred in the religious self-understanding of the Labrador Inuit when people moved from a relatively superficial understanding of Christianity as a remedy for personal lapses and violations to an existential understanding of the drama of sin and salvation as well as a deeper identification with the religious community. The study also points out the fact that communication through written epistles between Labrador and Greenland may have established a wider religious bond of solidarity between Greenland and Labrador Inuit and encouraged the Hopedale Inuit during their awakening.
{"title":"Literacy and Awakening: The Awakening of 1804/1805 in Hopedale, Labrador","authors":"Hans J. Rollmann","doi":"10.5325/jmorahist.20.2.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.20.2.0125","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This exploration of literacy and awakening draws attention to the fact that the learning of hymns and the translation of the Passion narrative of the Gospels were instrumental in the acceptance of the Moravian faith among the Labrador Inuit. Literacy, made possible through systematic schooling since 1780, was thus an important factor in the awakening of 1804/5 in Hopedale and contributed to the indigenization of Christianity in the eighteenth-century Moravian settlements of Nain, Okak, and Hopedale. During the awakening a significant shift occurred in the religious self-understanding of the Labrador Inuit when people moved from a relatively superficial understanding of Christianity as a remedy for personal lapses and violations to an existential understanding of the drama of sin and salvation as well as a deeper identification with the religious community. The study also points out the fact that communication through written epistles between Labrador and Greenland may have established a wider religious bond of solidarity between Greenland and Labrador Inuit and encouraged the Hopedale Inuit during their awakening.","PeriodicalId":40312,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Moravian History","volume":"20 1","pages":"125 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46204675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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