Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5325/jmedirelicult.49.1.0001
M. Callan, M. Starzynski, Anna Zajchowska-Bołtromiuk, Thomas J. Millay, Antje Elisa Chan, Alicia Smith, Hope Doherty-Harrison, Nicola Estrafallaces, Moa Airijoki, A. Kraebel, Stacie Vos, Shannon Godlove, Nikolas O Hoel, Minji Lee
abstract:Though the Irish became Christian in the fifth century and had helped spread Christianity throughout Britain and the Continent since the sixth, when England's Norman nobility set imperialist eyes upon Ireland in the twelfth century, the papacy pronounced the Irish fallen from the faith, otherizing them to justify their invasion. The imperialist colonialism that the English imposed on Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas, they imposed on their neighbors first, where physical characteristics couldn't provide as convenient an excuse; instead, they made religion the pretext for their racism, even though all involved were Catholics and the Irish had been since long before their colonizers' conversion.
{"title":"\"A Savage and Sacrilegious Race, Hostile to God and Humanity\": Religion, Racism, and Ireland's Colonization","authors":"M. Callan, M. Starzynski, Anna Zajchowska-Bołtromiuk, Thomas J. Millay, Antje Elisa Chan, Alicia Smith, Hope Doherty-Harrison, Nicola Estrafallaces, Moa Airijoki, A. Kraebel, Stacie Vos, Shannon Godlove, Nikolas O Hoel, Minji Lee","doi":"10.5325/jmedirelicult.49.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.49.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Though the Irish became Christian in the fifth century and had helped spread Christianity throughout Britain and the Continent since the sixth, when England's Norman nobility set imperialist eyes upon Ireland in the twelfth century, the papacy pronounced the Irish fallen from the faith, otherizing them to justify their invasion. The imperialist colonialism that the English imposed on Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas, they imposed on their neighbors first, where physical characteristics couldn't provide as convenient an excuse; instead, they made religion the pretext for their racism, even though all involved were Catholics and the Irish had been since long before their colonizers' conversion.","PeriodicalId":40395,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48810525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5325/jmedirelicult.49.1.0028
M. Starzynski, Anna Zajchowska-Bołtromiuk
abstract:Simon of Lipnica, who died in 1482, was counted among the blessed in 1685, has been a saint of the Catholic Church since 2007, and was a Franciscan Observant associated with the priory founded by Johannes of Capestrano in the suburb of Krakow, is one of the not fully recognized figures building the image of Polish religious culture. After his death, a "miracle office" was established in the Bernardine priory, where miraculous events through the intercession of Simon were recorded meticulously on an ongoing basis. In this way, the largest Polish late-medieval collection de miraculis was created. Drawing from the new critical edition, this article presents this monument not only in the context of the first years of Simon's "miracle office" but also in the context of the development of the miraculum as a literary genre.
{"title":"The Saint of the Time of the Plague—Szymon of Lipnica OFM († 1482) and his Liber Miraculorum: An Example of the Late-Medieval Polish Collection of Miracles","authors":"M. Starzynski, Anna Zajchowska-Bołtromiuk","doi":"10.5325/jmedirelicult.49.1.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.49.1.0028","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Simon of Lipnica, who died in 1482, was counted among the blessed in 1685, has been a saint of the Catholic Church since 2007, and was a Franciscan Observant associated with the priory founded by Johannes of Capestrano in the suburb of Krakow, is one of the not fully recognized figures building the image of Polish religious culture. After his death, a \"miracle office\" was established in the Bernardine priory, where miraculous events through the intercession of Simon were recorded meticulously on an ongoing basis. In this way, the largest Polish late-medieval collection de miraculis was created. Drawing from the new critical edition, this article presents this monument not only in the context of the first years of Simon's \"miracle office\" but also in the context of the development of the miraculum as a literary genre.","PeriodicalId":40395,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43637872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0261
Laura Moncion
{"title":"The Enclosed Garden and the Medieval Religious Imaginary by Liz Herbert McAvoy (review)","authors":"Laura Moncion","doi":"10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40395,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49100918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0147
Andrew Fogleman
abstract:Jean Gerson (1363–1429), theologian and chancellor of the University of Paris, is well known for his writings on the "discernment of spirits." Gerson's Sermon on Angels (1392), translated here, provides his earliest thoughts on judging the supernatural. In it, Gerson explains how angels instruct and demons seduce the cognitive faculties of men and women. The related challenges of authenticating true religious visions and exposing demonic or naturalistic fakes led Gerson to doubt some would-be visionaries and even question the role of visionary evidence in canonization trials. While these doubts are also articulated in his later, better-known treatises on discernment, he describes how he came to those conclusions here, in an exploration of the physiology of visions and demonic deception. Gerson's sermon highlights the delicate role that cognition plays in assessing supernatural experiences and helps to explain the criticisms of ascetic practices included in his later treatises on spiritual discernment.
{"title":"Holy Instruction, Demonic Deceit, and the Body: A Translation of Jean Gerson's Sermon on Angels (Collatio de Angelis)","authors":"Andrew Fogleman","doi":"10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0147","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Jean Gerson (1363–1429), theologian and chancellor of the University of Paris, is well known for his writings on the \"discernment of spirits.\" Gerson's Sermon on Angels (1392), translated here, provides his earliest thoughts on judging the supernatural. In it, Gerson explains how angels instruct and demons seduce the cognitive faculties of men and women. The related challenges of authenticating true religious visions and exposing demonic or naturalistic fakes led Gerson to doubt some would-be visionaries and even question the role of visionary evidence in canonization trials. While these doubts are also articulated in his later, better-known treatises on discernment, he describes how he came to those conclusions here, in an exploration of the physiology of visions and demonic deception. Gerson's sermon highlights the delicate role that cognition plays in assessing supernatural experiences and helps to explain the criticisms of ascetic practices included in his later treatises on spiritual discernment.","PeriodicalId":40395,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43078828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0243
Samantha Katz Seal
In the Middle English romance The King of Tars, a Muslim sultan’s skin color famously transforms upon his conversion to Christianity. “His hide that blac and lothely was / Al white bicom thurth Godes gras.” Much has been written about the racial fantasy thus enacted within the poem, but in the contexts of this essay, I’m particularly struck not by the transformation itself but rather by its utility as a visual sign. For when the Sultan’s Christian wife beholds his new appearance, “wist sche wele in hir thought / on Mahoun leved he nought / For chaunged was his hewe.” In other words, the Sultan’s skin color becomes a semiotic display of the authenticity of his review essay
在中世纪的英国浪漫小说《焦油之王》中，一位穆斯林苏丹的肤色在皈依基督教后发生了著名的变化。“他那厚颜无耻的伪装是/Al white bicom thurth Godes gras。”关于这首诗中由此产生的种族幻想，人们已经写了很多文章，但在这篇文章的背景下，我特别惊讶的不是这种转变本身，而是它作为一种视觉标志的实用性。因为当苏丹的基督教妻子看到他的新外表时，“在他的思想中/在马洪身上他什么都没有/因为chaunted是他的丈夫。”换句话说，苏丹的肤色成为了他评论文章真实性的符号展示
{"title":"Denying Sameness, Making Race: Medieval Anti-judaism","authors":"Samantha Katz Seal","doi":"10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0243","url":null,"abstract":"In the Middle English romance The King of Tars, a Muslim sultan’s skin color famously transforms upon his conversion to Christianity. “His hide that blac and lothely was / Al white bicom thurth Godes gras.” Much has been written about the racial fantasy thus enacted within the poem, but in the contexts of this essay, I’m particularly struck not by the transformation itself but rather by its utility as a visual sign. For when the Sultan’s Christian wife beholds his new appearance, “wist sche wele in hir thought / on Mahoun leved he nought / For chaunged was his hewe.” In other words, the Sultan’s skin color becomes a semiotic display of the authenticity of his review essay","PeriodicalId":40395,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47567075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0266
M. Leake
{"title":"Rebel Angels: Space and Sovereignty in Anglo-Saxon England","authors":"M. Leake","doi":"10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40395,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47526586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0255
Johanna Pollick
{"title":"Passion Relics and the Medieval Imagination: Art, Architecture, and Society by Cynthia Hahn (review)","authors":"Johanna Pollick","doi":"10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40395,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41856640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0178
Clarck Drieshen
abstract:A unique fifteenth-century Middle English visionary account survives about a nun of Hampole Priory who saves the soul of her deceased brother. Scholars have long considered it an authentic narrative from Hampole Priory. Yet, near-identical texts in Dutch and German manuscripts suggest that it is a translation of a Continental source instead. My analysis shows that while the Continental versions were designed for female religious readers, the English version was adapted for a lay audience. I argue that Hampole Priory used the reworked narrative to promote its intercessory prayers among and attract donations from lay benefactors.
{"title":"English Nuns with a Continental Vision: The Adaptation of a Revelation of Six Psalms for Hampole Priory","authors":"Clarck Drieshen","doi":"10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0178","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:A unique fifteenth-century Middle English visionary account survives about a nun of Hampole Priory who saves the soul of her deceased brother. Scholars have long considered it an authentic narrative from Hampole Priory. Yet, near-identical texts in Dutch and German manuscripts suggest that it is a translation of a Continental source instead. My analysis shows that while the Continental versions were designed for female religious readers, the English version was adapted for a lay audience. I argue that Hampole Priory used the reworked narrative to promote its intercessory prayers among and attract donations from lay benefactors.","PeriodicalId":40395,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49420520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0271
Claire Kilgore
JMRC_48_2_06_Book_Reviews.indd Page 271 22/07/22 4:42 PM than those deriving from relations based on force (its relations with its own internal components, and those with its congeners—invariably rivals and virtual adversaries)” (279). Lefebvre’s attention to issues of state violence and systems of power distribution among the elite can shed additional light on Fitzgerald’s own discussion of Satan’s rebellion against divine authority and his construction of a subversive, alternative kingdom in hell. Fitzgerald’s work opens the door for future studies that more fully explore the interaction of sovereignty and space in early England. Fitzgerald chooses not to critically address how many of the rebel angels narratives are couched within appeals to English origin myths, English exceptionalism, and English as God’s chosen heirs—conversations that continue to be crucial within studies of early English literary and political histories. Bringing her work into conversation with recent scholarship on white heritage politics and early English texts would bring a fruitful and necessary dimension to this conversation about power, territory, inheritance, and dissent. Rebel Angels also presents numerous opportunities to examine Satan’s subversion of God’s territorial sovereignty through the lens of queer theory and queer modes of production and creation. Overall, the book will be valuable to any student or scholar researching early English history and religious culture. The close readings of Old English poetry also present valuable insight into literary culture’s interactions with spiritual and secular systems of power and governance.
{"title":"Visual Aggression: Images of Martyrdom in Late Medieval Germany by Assaf Pinkus (review)","authors":"Claire Kilgore","doi":"10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0271","url":null,"abstract":"JMRC_48_2_06_Book_Reviews.indd Page 271 22/07/22 4:42 PM than those deriving from relations based on force (its relations with its own internal components, and those with its congeners—invariably rivals and virtual adversaries)” (279). Lefebvre’s attention to issues of state violence and systems of power distribution among the elite can shed additional light on Fitzgerald’s own discussion of Satan’s rebellion against divine authority and his construction of a subversive, alternative kingdom in hell. Fitzgerald’s work opens the door for future studies that more fully explore the interaction of sovereignty and space in early England. Fitzgerald chooses not to critically address how many of the rebel angels narratives are couched within appeals to English origin myths, English exceptionalism, and English as God’s chosen heirs—conversations that continue to be crucial within studies of early English literary and political histories. Bringing her work into conversation with recent scholarship on white heritage politics and early English texts would bring a fruitful and necessary dimension to this conversation about power, territory, inheritance, and dissent. Rebel Angels also presents numerous opportunities to examine Satan’s subversion of God’s territorial sovereignty through the lens of queer theory and queer modes of production and creation. Overall, the book will be valuable to any student or scholar researching early English history and religious culture. The close readings of Old English poetry also present valuable insight into literary culture’s interactions with spiritual and secular systems of power and governance.","PeriodicalId":40395,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46620896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0257
T. Rotman
JMRC_48_2_06_Book_Reviews.indd Page 257 22/07/22 4:42 PM gives a sense of the complex and shifting histories of the Passion relics over centuries, as they moved around Europe and the Holy Land, reaching diverse audiences and accruing varied and overlapping meanings and uses. Yet the broad geographical and chronological scope of this study means that at times Hahn’s analysis jumps rapidly from one image or object to another, thus perhaps losing both a sense of how uses and perceptions of Passion relics changed over time, and the nuances and insights that result from detailed analysis. Indeed, the most effective parts of this study are Hahn’s sustained analyses of single objects, particularly her discussions of the Chapel of the Holy Cross at Karlštejn Castle, devised by Charles IV of Bohemia in the 1360s to house his collection of Passion relics, and the enameled Toulouse châsse made in the late twelfth century to contain a True Cross reliquary. Here, with a thorough elucidation of the unusual iconography of the châsse, Hahn skilfully shows how the reception of this relic was shaped by its role in the gift economy, its political and royal associations, and its specific geographical context in the Abbey of Saint-Sernin and the city of Toulouse. In her introduction, Hahn expresses a hope that her work will be accessible to students, advanced scholars, and the curious public. With this book, she has successfully achieved this goal; it is a rich and engaging contribution to the study of Passion relics, and medieval devotion to the Passion more broadly, which has much to offer newcomers to the field and scholars alike.
{"title":"Hagiography and the History of Latin Christendom, 500-1500 ed. by Samantha Kahn Herrick (review)","authors":"T. Rotman","doi":"10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.48.2.0257","url":null,"abstract":"JMRC_48_2_06_Book_Reviews.indd Page 257 22/07/22 4:42 PM gives a sense of the complex and shifting histories of the Passion relics over centuries, as they moved around Europe and the Holy Land, reaching diverse audiences and accruing varied and overlapping meanings and uses. Yet the broad geographical and chronological scope of this study means that at times Hahn’s analysis jumps rapidly from one image or object to another, thus perhaps losing both a sense of how uses and perceptions of Passion relics changed over time, and the nuances and insights that result from detailed analysis. Indeed, the most effective parts of this study are Hahn’s sustained analyses of single objects, particularly her discussions of the Chapel of the Holy Cross at Karlštejn Castle, devised by Charles IV of Bohemia in the 1360s to house his collection of Passion relics, and the enameled Toulouse châsse made in the late twelfth century to contain a True Cross reliquary. Here, with a thorough elucidation of the unusual iconography of the châsse, Hahn skilfully shows how the reception of this relic was shaped by its role in the gift economy, its political and royal associations, and its specific geographical context in the Abbey of Saint-Sernin and the city of Toulouse. In her introduction, Hahn expresses a hope that her work will be accessible to students, advanced scholars, and the curious public. With this book, she has successfully achieved this goal; it is a rich and engaging contribution to the study of Passion relics, and medieval devotion to the Passion more broadly, which has much to offer newcomers to the field and scholars alike.","PeriodicalId":40395,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46679438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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