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2016 IEEE 19th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)最新文献

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Parity Waterfall method 奇偶瀑布法
Jaroslav Borecký, Martin Kohlík, H. Kubátová
This paper proposes a method for improvement of the fault-coverage capabilities of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) designs. It utilizes Concurrent Error Detection (CED) techniques and the basic architectures of actual modern FPGAs the Look-Up Table (LUT) with two outputs. Proposed Parity Waterfall method is based on a cascade (waterfall) of several waves of inner parity generating the final parity of outputs of the whole circuit. The utilization of the (mostly) unused output of a two-output LUT allows the proposed method to cover any single possible routing or LUT fault with a small area overhead. The method is experimentally evaluated using the standard set of IWLS2005 benchmarks and using our simulator/emulator. The experimental results of the proposed parity waterfall method are compared with a similar existing technique (duplication with comparison). These results show that the area overhead is smaller than the overhead of the duplication with comparison method for all of the tested circuits and 100% fault coverage is achieved.
本文提出了一种提高现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)设计的故障覆盖能力的方法。它利用并发错误检测(CED)技术和实际现代fpga的基本架构,即具有两个输出的查找表(LUT)。所提出的奇偶瀑布法是基于内部奇偶数波的级联(瀑布)产生整个电路输出的最终奇偶。利用双输出LUT的(大部分)未使用的输出允许所建议的方法以很小的面积开销覆盖任何单个可能的路由或LUT故障。使用IWLS2005基准测试的标准集和我们的模拟器对该方法进行了实验评估。将所提出的宇称瀑布法的实验结果与现有的一种相似的方法(重复与比较)进行了比较。结果表明,所有测试电路的面积开销都小于采用比较法的重复开销,故障覆盖率达到100%。
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引用次数: 2
Optical receivers in 0.35 μm BiCMOS for heterogeneous 3D integration 光学接收器在0.35 μm BiCMOS异构三维集成
D. Milovančev, P. Brandl, N. Vokić, B. Goll, K. Schneider-Hornstein, H. Zimmermann
Developing paradigm in high speed communication device is heterogeneous 3D integration of electronic components - designed on standard silicon wafers - and photonics, optimized in different processes. This paper shows the advantages of 3D integration and presents the measured results of two receivers fabricated in 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The first is a 10 Gbit/s regulated cascode (RGC) based receiver for optical communications and the second is a 200 Mbit/s TIA for monitoring the operating point of the photonic ring modulator.
高速通信器件的发展范式是在标准硅片上设计的电子元件和光子学的异构三维集成,在不同的工艺中进行优化。本文展示了三维集成的优势,并给出了采用0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS技术制作的两个接收机的测量结果。第一个是用于光通信的10 Gbit/s可调级配(RGC)接收器,第二个是用于监测光子环调制器工作点的200 Mbit/s TIA。
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引用次数: 2
FPGA architecture of multi-codeword LDPC decoder with efficient BRAM utilization 具有高效BRAM利用率的多码字LDPC解码器的FPGA结构
S. Nimara, O. Boncalo, A. Amaricai, M. Popa
Implementation of Quasi-Cyclic (QC) Low Density Parity-Check (LDPC) decoder on FPGA devices has shown great interest in both wireless communication, as well as error correction for Flash memories. This paper presents an FPGA flooded LDPC decoder which uses multiple codeword processing for efficient memory utilization. It is based on a partially parallel implementation, which relies on memory blocks for message passing between the processing units. We obtain efficient memory utilization by packing multiple messages corresponding to multiple codewords into the same Block RAM word. The increase in throughput is linear with the number of processed codewords. The proposed LDPC decoder can process up to 9 codewords in parallel, for 4-bit message quantization, or up to 12 codewords, for 3-bit message quantization, without introducing significant memory overhead.
在FPGA器件上实现准循环(QC)低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)解码器在无线通信和闪存纠错方面表现出极大的兴趣。本文提出了一种FPGA泛LDPC解码器,该解码器采用多码字处理来提高内存利用率。它基于部分并行实现,它依赖于内存块在处理单元之间传递消息。我们通过将多个码字对应的多个消息打包到同一个块RAM字中来获得有效的内存利用。吞吐量的增加与处理码字的数量成线性关系。所提出的LDPC解码器可以并行处理多达9个码字,用于4位消息量化,或多达12个码字,用于3位消息量化,而不会引入显着的内存开销。
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引用次数: 11
Comparing proton and neutron induced SEU cross section in FPGA FPGA中质子与中子诱导SEU截面的比较
T. Vanat, F. Krizek, J. Ferencei, H. Kubátová
Single event upsets (SEU) are induced by an electric charge deposited in the material of the chip. The origin of the charge can be either from outside of the chip or it can be generated inside as a result of a nuclear reaction. We have measured the cross section of SEUs in FPGA using protons (directly ionizing particles) and neutrons (indirectly ionizing particles). Used energies up to 34 MeV are in the range, where the differences in the proton's ionizing power are most significant thanks to the Bragg peak. Measurements have shown, that the direct ionization is not the dominant effect causing SEU.
单事件扰动(SEU)是由沉积在芯片材料中的电荷引起的。电荷的来源既可以来自芯片外部,也可以作为核反应的结果在芯片内部产生。我们在FPGA中使用质子(直接电离粒子)和中子(间接电离粒子)测量了seu的横截面。使用的能量高达34兆电子伏,在这个范围内,由于布拉格峰,质子电离功率的差异是最显著的。测量结果表明,直接电离并不是导致单粒子辐射的主要因素。
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引用次数: 4
System-level reliability evaluation through cache-aware software-based fault injection 基于缓存感知软件的故障注入系统级可靠性评估
Firas Kaddachi, Maha Kooli, G. D. Natale, A. Bosio, Mojtaba Ebrahimi, M. Tahoori
Developing new methods to evaluate the software reliability in an early design stage of the system can save the design costs and efforts, and will positively impact the product time-to-market. In this paper, we propose a novel fault injection technique to evaluate the reliability of a computing system running a software at early design stage where the hardware architecture is not completely defined yet. The proposed approach efficiently operates on the original source code of the software in order to inject transient faults in the data or the instructions. To be accurate and to achieve a better characterization of the system, we simulate faults occurring in the system memory units such as the data cache and the RAM by developing a system emulator. To validate our approach, we compare the simulation results to those obtained with an FPGA-based fault injector. The similarity of the results proves the accuracy of our approach to evaluate system reliability with a gain in the execution time and without requiring a fully defined hardware system.
在系统的早期设计阶段开发评估软件可靠性的新方法可以节省设计成本和工作量,并对产品上市时间产生积极影响。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的故障注入技术,在硬件架构尚未完全定义的早期设计阶段评估运行软件的计算系统的可靠性。该方法有效地对软件的原始源代码进行操作,以便在数据或指令中注入瞬态故障。为了准确并更好地表征系统,我们通过开发系统模拟器来模拟系统存储单元(如数据缓存和RAM)中发生的故障。为了验证我们的方法,我们将仿真结果与基于fpga的故障注入器的仿真结果进行了比较。结果的相似性证明了我们的方法在不需要完全定义硬件系统的情况下,以执行时间的增益来评估系统可靠性的准确性。
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引用次数: 6
CMOS variable-gain amplifier for low-frequency applications 用于低频应用的CMOS可变增益放大器
Michal Sovcík, Michal Matuska, D. Arbet, V. Stopjaková
Design of variable-gain amplifier (VGA), based on fully differential operational amplifier is presented. The proposed VGA topology was verified through simulations and analysis of main circuit parameters. The VGA is designed in 0.35 μm CMOS technology using Cadence environment and BSIM3 family of models. Designed circuit works with the power supply of 3.3 V. The simulation results show that gain bandwidth (GBW) of about 12 MHz (for capacitive load of 1 pF) and the total harmonic distortion of less than 1% for input amplitude 100 mV were achieved. Implemented feedback circuit is stable according to phase margin of 68.15°.
介绍了一种基于全差分运算放大器的可变增益放大器(VGA)的设计。通过仿真和主电路参数分析,验证了所提出的VGA拓扑结构。VGA采用0.35 μm CMOS技术,采用Cadence环境和BSIM3系列型号。所设计的电路在3.3 V的电源下工作。仿真结果表明,当输入幅值为100 mV时,增益带宽(GBW)约为12 MHz,总谐波失真小于1%。根据68.15°的相位裕度,所实现的反馈电路是稳定的。
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引用次数: 1
A chaotically injected timing technique for ring-based oscillators 环基振荡器的混沌注入定时技术
Yo-Hao Tu, Kuo-Hsing Cheng, Wei-Ren Wang, Jen-Chieh Liu, Hong-Yi Huang
This work proposes a chaotically injected timing technique (CITT) for ring-based oscillators. The quality of clock signal affects the normal motion of the entire circuit. In many oscillators and clock generators show the performance comparison through jitters and phase noise. The injection-locked ring-based oscillators have advantages of jitters, phase noise and area cost. However, there is a contingent effect, injected spur. By adopting the CITT, the injected phase pattern can be randomized and break the periodicity of injected signal to solve the high injected spur effect. The CITT can reduce the level of phase noise by 29 dB compared to the free-run oscillator. The experiment chip of the proposed CITT is implemented by 90 nm CMOS process. The measured output frequency is 5 GHz at supply voltage of 1 V. The level of phase noise is -99 dBc at frequency offset of 1 MHz under injected frequency of 1 GHz.
本文提出了一种用于环基振荡器的混沌注入定时技术(CITT)。时钟信号的质量直接影响整个电路的正常运行。在许多振荡器和时钟发生器中,通过抖动和相位噪声进行性能比较。锁注入环形振荡器具有抖动、相位噪声和面积成本等优点。然而,有一个偶然的影响,注入刺激。采用CITT可以实现注入相位图的随机化,打破注入信号的周期性,解决了高注入杂散效应。与自由运行振荡器相比,CITT可以将相位噪声水平降低29 dB。该实验芯片采用90 nm CMOS工艺实现。在电源电压为1v时,测量输出频率为5ghz。注入频率为1ghz,频率偏移为1mhz时相位噪声为-99 dBc。
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引用次数: 1
Co-design of CML IO and Interposer channel for low area and power signaling 协同设计用于低面积和功率信号的CML IO和中间层通道
Muhammad Waqas Chaudhary, A. Heinig
In recent years, 2.5D integration of ICs on Interposer is becoming popular for highly integrated miniaturized systems. To combine two or more chips together, there is a lot of communication between the chips and this needs either a very high number of slow channels or numerous high speed channels. To find an optimum number and speed of interposer channels is an important task. In conventional PCB data communication systems, very high speed serial data transmission circuits are used which take a lot of area and power. While in 2.5D systems, area-power are strict constraints and the interposer channel is drastically different from PCB channel in terms of its electrical properties. To enable high bandwidth chip-to-chip interposer communication with low area-power requirements, it is mandatory to co-design the interposer channel and IO circuit. To address the issue, this paper discusses the electrical properties of 2.5D channel segments along with a co-design methodology targeting optimum area-power cost for maximum bandwidth current mode logic differential driver.
近年来,集成电路在Interposer上的2.5D集成在高度集成的小型化系统中越来越流行。为了将两个或多个芯片组合在一起,芯片之间有大量的通信,这需要非常多的慢速通道或许多高速通道。寻找最优的中间通道数量和速度是一项重要的任务。在传统的PCB数据通信系统中,采用非常高速的串行数据传输电路,占用大量的面积和功率。而在2.5D系统中,面积功率受到严格的限制,并且中间层通道在电性能方面与PCB通道截然不同。为了实现具有低面积功耗要求的高带宽片对片中间层通信,必须共同设计中间层通道和IO电路。为了解决这个问题,本文讨论了2.5D通道段的电学特性,以及针对最大带宽电流模式逻辑差分驱动器的最佳面积功率成本的协同设计方法。
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引用次数: 4
Implementation of a real time unit for satellite applications 卫星应用实时单元的实现
A. Simevski, K. Schleisiek, V. Petrovic, N. Beller, Patryk Skoncej, G. Schoof, M. Krstic
The significance of low cost small satellites used for scientific research and practical applications continuously grows. Current satellite OBC (On-Board Computer) microcontrollers have integrated various digital peripherals and interfaces. However, a common Real Time Unit (RTU) requires interfacing to simple analogue sensors and actuators. Here we present a novel RTU microcontroller which includes a 13-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and two 12-bit Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC). Furthermore, it includes a 32KB internal SRAM memory and a 32 KB internal flash memory. This enables an easy construction of a software-controlled embedded system which is easily interfaced to existing hardware sensors and actuators. The chip is produced in IHP 250 nm technology using radiation hardening by design. The operating frequency is 80 MHz. A 3-bit clock divider, as well as clock- and power-gating are used for reducing power consumption which is measured to be 0,8 W in operation.
低成本小卫星用于科学研究和实际应用的意义不断增强。目前的卫星机载计算机(OBC)微控制器集成了各种数字外设和接口。然而,一个常见的实时单元(RTU)需要接口到简单的模拟传感器和执行器。在这里,我们提出了一种新的RTU微控制器,它包括一个13位模数转换器(ADC)和两个12位数模转换器(DAC)。此外,它还包括一个32KB的内部SRAM存储器和一个32KB的内部闪存。这使得软件控制的嵌入式系统可以很容易地连接到现有的硬件传感器和执行器。该芯片采用IHP 250nm技术,采用辐射硬化设计。工作频率为80mhz。一个3位时钟分频器,以及时钟和电源门控用于降低功耗,测量为0.8 W的工作。
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引用次数: 3
Verification approach based on emulation technology 基于仿真技术的验证方法
A. Koczor, Lukasz Matoga, P. Penkala, A. Pawlak
The paper presents a scalable architecture for fast emulation of Systems-on-Chip. It is implemented on a dedicated modular FPGA-based hardware platform. This verification eco-system presents a new approach to improve efficiency of the verification process through hardware-based acceleration of tests. The system consists of dedicated hardware modules and third-party; easy-to-get evaluation boards to provide an affordable solution for SMEs with fast bring-up time for emulation purposes. By complying to many industry standards in the areas of communication interfaces, memory modules, and connectors, the presented platform acts as a cost-effective, desktop-size solution and can be used in early stages of hardware-assisted verification process. It provides a debug capability which enables quick identification and elimination of implementation bugs. The paper also reports on the use of the emulation environment in FPGA-in-the-Loop simulation. This solution may be applied to a broad range of applications.
本文提出了一种可扩展的芯片系统快速仿真体系结构。它是在一个专用的模块化fpga硬件平台上实现的。该验证生态系统提供了一种通过硬件加速测试来提高验证过程效率的新方法。系统由专用硬件模块和第三方硬件模块组成;易于获得的评估板,为中小型企业提供经济实惠的解决方案,具有快速的启动时间,用于仿真目的。通过遵守通信接口、内存模块和连接器领域的许多行业标准,所提供的平台作为一种具有成本效益的桌面大小的解决方案,可以用于硬件辅助验证过程的早期阶段。它提供了一个调试功能,可以快速识别和消除实现错误。本文还介绍了仿真环境在fpga在环仿真中的应用。此解决方案可应用于广泛的应用程序。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
2016 IEEE 19th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS)
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