IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.129537

Sourav Roy , Taichi Taniguchi , Kazuto Takashima

Force sensors (FSs) in caregiving and rehabilitation applications need to be lightweight, flexible and capable of adapting within dynamic environments. Therefore, by leveraging the unique thermo-responsive stiffness-tunable properties of shape-memory polymer (SMP), we previously proposed FSs with variable sensitivity and measuring range by taking advantage of stiffness change, structural modification and programming in cross-sectional area. In this work, we have combined the concept of our preliminarily developed FS and presented a novel structure of the adaptable polyurethane SMP-FS consisting of center and flap sections. We have employed inbuilt titanium wires to heat the sensor above the glass transition temperature (

T_{g}

= 45 °C) and soften it, allowing us to change the bending shape automatically. A steel shim plate is also bonded to the center section for attaching a strain gauge. The notable difference in the slope of the “Force vs. deformation and strain” profile, as determined by linear regression at both the initial and bent positions and above and below

T_{g}

, indicates that the sensitivity of this FS can be varied by adjusting its cross-section and stiffness. The experimental measurements positively demonstrate about 3.3 times improvement in sensitivity for our proposed prototype at modified cross-sectional state than the initial shape. Several other critical performance metrics like hysteresis, non-linearity, and long-term stability (slope and baseline strain drift) are also presented and quantified at all configurations (ORIGIN, BENT 1, BENT 2) and temperatures. They are found to have within acceptable limit for soft sensing field. Furthermore, we have theoretically validated the experimental data by implementing finite element analysis of the SMP-FS geometries. The evidence observed from the trend of deformation responses and change in sensitivities both at below and above

T_{g}

have suggested acceptable accuracy of our experimental approach.

在护理和康复应用中的力传感器（FSs）需要重量轻，灵活，能够适应动态环境。因此，我们利用形状记忆聚合物（SMP）独特的热响应刚度可调特性，利用刚度变化、结构修改和截面积编程，提出了具有可变灵敏度和测量范围的FSs。在这项工作中，我们结合了我们初步开发的FS概念，提出了一种由中心和皮瓣部分组成的适应性聚氨酯SMP-FS的新结构。我们采用内置钛丝将传感器加热到玻璃化转变温度（Tg = 45°C）以上并使其软化，使我们能够自动改变弯曲形状。钢垫片也粘合在中心部分，用于附加应变计。在初始和弯曲位置以及在Tg以上和以下的线性回归中确定的“力与变形和应变”剖面的斜率的显着差异表明，该FS的灵敏度可以通过调整其截面和刚度来改变。实验测量结果表明，在修正截面状态下，我们提出的原型的灵敏度比初始形状提高了3.3倍。其他几个关键的性能指标，如迟滞、非线性和长期稳定性（斜率和基线应变漂移）也在所有配置（ORIGIN、BENT 1、BENT 2）和温度下被提出和量化。发现它们在软测量领域的可接受范围内。此外，我们还通过对SMP-FS几何形状进行有限元分析，从理论上验证了实验数据。从变形响应的趋势和灵敏度在低于和高于Tg时的变化中观察到的证据表明，我们的实验方法具有可接受的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Triple-layer Co-extrusion blown biodegradable films of PPC-P/PBAT: Focusing interfacial adhesion and barrier performance PPC-P/PBAT三层共挤吹制可生物降解膜：聚焦界面粘附和阻隔性能

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.129539

Jizhi Ai , Siyuan Li , Yang Zhao , Min Xiao , Dongmei Han , Sheng Huang , Shuanjin Wang , Yuezhong Meng

Poly(butylene adipate-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) films hold significant promise for biodegradable packaging applications, contributing to a more environmentally sustainable future. However, pure PBAT films often lack some crucial properties, particularly adequate barrier performance, and efforts to enhance these films through blending have yield limited success. To address this limitation, this work employs a simple and economical multi-layer co-extrusion blow molding technology to fabricate biodegradable A/B/A triple-layer films. PBAT served as the outer layer (A) to provide toughness and ductility, while PPC-P (Poly(propylene carbonate-co-phthalate)) constitutes the inner layer (B) to impart barrier properties, strength and stiffness. The effects of the PPC-P layer thickness and a novel gradient composite mode on the crystallinity, micro-structure, physicochemical properties, mechanical properties and barrier properties of the triple-layer films were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the multi-layer films generally lie between those of the constituent single-layer films and can be modulated by layer thickness. Notably, the films via the gradient composite approach exhibit significant enhanced mechanical properties, with triple-layer films approximately 30 μm thick demonstrating an optimal balance between stiffness and ductility. Furthermore, the incorporation of the PPC-P barrier layer substantially improves the barrier performance of the film, surpassing that of the single-extruded blend film in the same composition ratio. These advancements indicate that the triple-layer co-extruded films without tie layers hold substantial potential as sustainable and universal packaging materials for both industrial and agricultural applications.

聚（己二酸丁二烯-对苯二甲酸丁二烯）（PBAT）薄膜具有显著的可生物降解包装应用前景，有助于更环保的可持续发展的未来。然而，纯PBAT薄膜往往缺乏一些关键的性能，特别是足够的屏障性能，并且通过共混来增强这些薄膜的努力收效甚微。为了解决这一限制，本研究采用简单经济的多层共挤吹塑技术制备可生物降解的a /B/ a三层薄膜。PBAT作为外层(A)提供韧性和延展性，而PPC-P（聚（碳酸丙烯酯-共邻苯二甲酸酯））构成内层(B)提供阻隔性能，强度和刚度。系统研究了PPC-P层厚度和新型梯度复合方式对三层膜结晶度、微观结构、理化性能、力学性能和势垒性能的影响。结果表明，多层膜的力学性能一般介于单层膜的力学性能之间，可以通过层厚来调节。值得注意的是，通过梯度复合方法制备的薄膜表现出显著的力学性能增强，厚度约为30 μm的三层薄膜在刚度和延性之间表现出最佳平衡。此外，PPC-P阻挡层的掺入大大提高了薄膜的阻挡性能，超过了相同组成比的单挤出共混膜。这些进展表明，无结层的三层共挤薄膜作为工业和农业应用的可持续和通用包装材料具有巨大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Colorful thermochromic microcapsules for visual temperature sensing and moisture-thermal management 用于视觉温度传感和湿热管理的彩色热致变色微胶囊

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.129534

Dong Xue, ChenCheng Lv, Xiaoye Bi, Yunpeng Wang, Zexin Chen, Tao Zhao, Tianyang Li

In this study, thermochromic microcapsules with two distinct thermal response intervals, blue (35–40 °C) and red (40–45 °C), were prepared using melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin as the shell material and a three-component thermochromic system as the core. The structure and composition of the microcapsules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Their thermal energy storage properties were evaluated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FE-SEM images confirmed a spherical morphology with a well-defined core–shell structure. DSC and TGA results demonstrated that both types of microcapsules exhibit favorable phase-change properties and good thermal stability. Notably, coloring the melamine-formaldehyde resin-based thermochromic microcapsules with commercial reactive dyes was achieved, enabling a broad color gamut and distinct color transitions. The microcapsules were applied onto cotton fabrics via screen printing, which not only introduced stepwise thermochromic behavior but also formed a discontinuous hydrophobic coating. This coating endowed the fabric with unidirectional moisture transport capability, achieving a moisture transfer index of 540.12 %. Furthermore, owing to their phase-change characteristics, the microcapsules can be utilized in temperature-regulating textiles. When incorporated at 20 wt%, the treated cotton fabric showed a melting enthalpy of 28.1 J/g, indicating good thermoregulatory performance. Therefore, the colorful melamine resin-based thermochromic microcapsules developed in this work hold significant potential for applications in smart textiles, such as temperature-visualization sensors, unidirectional moisture-wicking coatings, and thermoregulatory fabrics.

本研究以三聚氰胺-甲醛（MF）树脂为外壳材料，以三组分热致变色体系为核心，制备了具有不同热响应区间蓝色（35-40℃）和红色（40-45℃）的热致变色微胶囊。采用傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）和场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）对微胶囊的结构和组成进行了表征。通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）和热重分析（TGA）对其储热性能进行了评价。FE-SEM图像证实其呈球形，具有明确的核壳结构。DSC和TGA结果表明，两种微胶囊均具有良好的相变性能和热稳定性。值得注意的是，用商业活性染料对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂基热致变色微胶囊进行了着色，实现了广泛的色域和明显的颜色过渡。通过丝网印刷将微胶囊应用于棉织物上，不仅引入了逐步的热致变色行为，而且形成了不连续的疏水涂层。该涂层使织物具有单向输湿能力，其输湿指数达到540.12%。此外，由于其相变特性，微胶囊可用于温度调节纺织品。当加入量为20 wt%时，处理后的棉织物的熔融焓为28.1 J/g，具有良好的热调节性能。因此，在这项工作中开发的彩色三聚氰胺树脂基热致变色微胶囊在智能纺织品中具有巨大的应用潜力，例如温度可视化传感器，单向吸湿涂层和温度调节织物。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring brush-like copolymer PEGx-DPM content in PEO matrix: Optimizing ionic transport kinetics for all-solid-state sodium metal batteries 在PEO基质中裁剪刷状共聚物PEGx-DPM含量：优化全固态钠金属电池的离子传输动力学

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.129535

WenXiu Teng , Xueying Li , Zhongrui Geng, Mengjiang Hu, Hao Wang, Yuanyuan Dan, Lizhuang Chen

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have attracted significant attention as highly promising energy storage systems. However, their development has been hindered by the flammability of liquid electrolytes and the low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes. This investigation reported a novel brush-like poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-3-methacryloyl dopamine (PEG_x-DPM) copolymer to modify PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). Among them, the long PEG chain(M_n = 950) disrupts the crystallinity of PEO, significantly increasing the proportion of amorphous regions (T_g drops to −9.82 °C), while the dopamine units enhance mechanical strength and optimize interface contact through hydrogen bond cross-linking. The optimal component PEG₉₅₀-DPM/PEO (30 wt%) achieved an ionic conductivity of 1.54 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 60 °C, with the Na⁺ transference number increasing to 0.32, the electrochemical window broadening to 5.58 V, and excellent thermal stability (>300 °C). The assembled Na|Na symmetric battery operated at 0.5 mA cm⁻² exhibited stable cycling for 1300 h without dendrite formation. The all-solid-state Na|NVP battery maintained a capacity retention rate of 66.8 % after 553 cycles at 0.2 C, with a Coulombic efficiency >99.5 %. This work provides a new idea for the design of high-safety and high-performance solid-state sodium battery electrolytes.

钠金属电池作为一种极具发展前景的储能系统引起了人们的广泛关注。然而，液体电解质的易燃性和固体电解质的低离子电导率阻碍了它们的发展。本研究报道了一种新型的刷状聚（乙二醇）甲基丙烯酸甲醚-co-3-甲基丙烯酰多巴胺（PEGx-DPM）共聚物，用于修饰peo基固体聚合物电解质（spe）。其中，长PEG链（Mn = 950）破坏了PEO的结晶度，显著增加了无定形区比例（Tg降至- 9.82℃），而多巴胺单元通过氢键交联提高了机械强度，优化了界面接触。最佳组分PEG950-DPM/PEO （30 wt%）在60℃时的离子电导率为1.54 × 10−3 S cm−1，Na+转移数增加到0.32，电化学窗口扩大到5.58 V，并且具有优异的热稳定性（>300℃）。在0.5 mA cm−2条件下，组装的Na|Na对称电池可以稳定循环1300 h而不形成枝晶。在0.2℃下循环553次后，全固态Na|NVP电池的容量保持率为66.8%，库仑效率为99.5%。本研究为高安全性、高性能固态钠电池电解质的设计提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

A novel polyphosphoramide additive breaks the flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and heat resistance trilemma in polylactic acid 一种新型聚磷酰胺添加剂打破了聚乳酸的阻燃性、力学性能和耐热性三难困境

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.129529

Yi-fan Zha, Yang Gou, Zhi-xuan Zhang, Zhi-yuan Lan, De-xiang Sun, Yong Wang

To overcome the "magic triangle" challenge of raising the flame retardancy, heat resistance, and mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) concurrently, a novel polyphosphoramidate macromolecular flame retardant (PDT) was synthesized and incorporated into the PLA matrix. Strong hydrogen bonding interaction was observed between PDT and PLA, promoting the uniform dispersion of PDT as nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 41.2 nm in PLA during melt compounding. With only 1 wt% PDT, the sample attained a V-0 rating in UL-94 testing with a rapid self-extinguishing time of only 0.8 s. The flame-retardant mechanisms were attributed to the quenching of H·/HO· radicals by phosphorus-containing radicals (PO·, HPO·) released from PDT, the dilution of combustibles by inert gases (NH₃, H₂O, CO₂), and the generation of a barrier char layer. Concurrently, the mechanical properties of samples were comprehensively improved, with tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break enhancing to 71.1 MPa, 2986.1 MPa, and 3.5 %, respectively. Additionally, PDT served as a highly effective heterogeneous nucleating agent, boosting the crystallinity of the annealed sample to 61.5 %, which is significantly higher than the 19.0 % crystallinity exhibited by annealed pure PLA. This remarkable enhancement in crystallinity directly resulted in an outstanding heat resistance. This research proposes a promising strategy for fabricating high-performance PLA materials with integrated properties for engineering applications.

为了克服“魔三角”难题，同时提高聚乳酸（PLA）的阻燃性、耐热性和力学性能，合成了一种新型聚磷酰胺大分子阻燃剂（PDT），并将其掺入PLA基体中。在熔融复合过程中，PDT与PLA之间存在较强的氢键相互作用，促进了PDT作为平均直径约41.2 nm的纳米颗粒均匀分散在PLA中。只有1 wt%的PDT，样品在UL-94测试中达到V-0等级，快速自熄时间仅为0.8 s。PDT释放的含磷自由基（PO·、HPO·）对H·/HO·自由基的猝灭作用、惰性气体（NH3、H2O、CO2）对可燃物的稀释作用以及阻挡炭层的生成是其阻燃机理的主要原因。同时，试样的力学性能得到全面改善，抗拉强度、杨氏模量和断裂伸长率分别提高到71.1 MPa、2986.1 MPa和3.5%。此外，PDT作为一种高效的非均相成核剂，将退火样品的结晶度提高到61.5%，显著高于退火纯PLA的19.0%结晶度。结晶度的显著提高直接导致了优异的耐热性。本研究提出了一种具有工程应用综合性能的高性能聚乳酸材料的制造策略。

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引用次数: 0

Constructing highly ordered hybrid carbon networks in SR composites to achieve excellent Bi-directional thermal conduction 在SR复合材料中构建高有序杂化碳网络以实现优异的双向热传导

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.129531

Jialong Jiang, Shida Han, Yuan Ji, Hong Wu, Shaoyun Guo

For efficient thermal management of modern electronic devices, polymer composites with both high through-plane thermal conductivity (TC) and in-plane TC have nowadays become an urgent demand. Herein, highly ordered hybrid networks of graphite (Gt)/mesophase pitch carbon fiber (MPCF) were constructed in silicone rubber (SR) composites via the combination of multistage stretching extrusion, layer-by-layer stacking, hot-pressing, and slicing procedures. The MPCF bridged Gt at both through-plane and in-plane directions, not only acting as a high-speed thermal pathway itself but also enhancing the continuity of the entire thermally conductive filler network, enabling SR composites to achieve excellent bi-directional thermal conduction. The composites exhibited both excellent through-plane and in-plane TC, which reached 14.09 W/(mK) and 7.99 W/(mK), respectively, when the respective loading of Gt and MPCF was 100 phr and 20 phr. In the test of thermal management performance, the temperature of the composites on the heat sink was lowered by 50.6 °C and 7.2 °C compared with the compression sample and commercial thermal pad Tflex 700, respectively. The composites with such hybrid networks are very promising for efficient heat dissipation in high-performance electronic devices.

为实现现代电子器件的高效热管理，具有高通面热导率和面内热导率的聚合物复合材料已成为迫切的需求。在硅橡胶（SR）复合材料中，通过多级拉伸挤压、逐层堆叠、热压和切片等步骤，构建了石墨(Gt)/中间相沥青碳纤维（MPCF）的高度有序杂化网络。MPCF在平面和平面方向上桥接了Gt，不仅本身作为高速热通道，而且增强了整个导热填料网络的连续性，使SR复合材料能够实现优异的双向导热。当Gt和MPCF的载荷分别为100和20 phr时，复合材料均表现出良好的通面和面内温度，分别达到14.09 W/(mK)和7.99 W/(mK)。在热管理性能测试中，与压缩样品和商用热垫Tflex 700相比，复合材料在散热器上的温度分别降低了50.6℃和7.2℃。具有这种混合网络的复合材料在高性能电子器件的高效散热方面非常有前景。

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引用次数: 0

Zn2+-coordinated phase change hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties and quadruple responsivity for sensing 具有增强力学性能和四倍传感响应的Zn2+配位相变水凝胶

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.129504

Fangxing Liu , Zhuoni Jiang , Fangfang He , Yongsheng Li , Zhengguo Chen , Guansong He , Wenbin Yang

Hydrogels exhibit outstanding performance across numerous fields, but incorporating conventional phase change materials often compromises their mechanical properties. To address this challenge, this study innovatively proposes a strategy for performance enhancement by constructing a double-solvent system of H₂O and polyethylene glycol (PEG) combined with Zn²⁺ coordination crosslinking. Based on this approach, we successfully prepared a mechanically reinforced phase change hydrogel (Zn²⁺-PPCH). Experiments demonstrate that the introduction of Zn²⁺ simultaneously enhances both the mechanical properties and thermal energy storage capacity of the material. The fracture stress and elongation at break increased by 176 % and 168 %, respectively, while the heat absorption enthalpy reached 95.97 J g⁻¹. The coordination interaction between Zn²⁺ and polymer chains effectively increases the crosslinking density and energy dissipation capability of the hydrogel network, thereby improving its heat storage capacity and mechanical strength. More importantly, the Zn²⁺-PPCH system exhibits unique quadruple responsiveness: light scattering, shape memory, mechanical responsiveness, and humidity responsiveness. Leveraging its stable mechanical and humidity responsiveness, this hydrogel was successfully applied in mechanical sensing and human respiration monitoring, exhibiting a sensing responsiveness of approximately 10 %. Specifically, it generates stable electrical signal changes through bending deformation and enables real-time, non-invasive monitoring of human respiratory rate via humidity differences. This multi-response design offers a novel approach to the design and development of smart phase change materials.

水凝胶在许多领域都表现出出色的性能，但结合传统的相变材料往往会损害其机械性能。为了解决这一挑战，本研究创新性地提出了一种通过构建水和聚乙二醇（PEG）结合Zn2+配位交联的双溶剂体系来提高性能的策略。基于这种方法，我们成功制备了一种机械增强相变水凝胶（Zn2+-PPCH）。实验表明，Zn2+的加入同时提高了材料的力学性能和储热能力。断裂应力和断裂伸长率分别提高了176%和168%，吸热焓达到95.97 J g−1。Zn2+与聚合物链之间的配位相互作用有效地增加了水凝胶网络的交联密度和能量耗散能力，从而提高了其储热能力和机械强度。更重要的是，Zn2+-PPCH体系具有独特的四重响应性：光散射、形状记忆、机械响应和湿度响应。利用其稳定的机械和湿度响应性，该水凝胶成功地应用于机械传感和人体呼吸监测，显示出约10%的传感响应性。具体来说，它通过弯曲变形产生稳定的电信号变化，并通过湿度差异实时、无创地监测人体呼吸速率。这种多响应设计为智能相变材料的设计和开发提供了一种新的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Copolymerization ratio-dependent self-organizing structures and liquid crystalline phase behaviors of poly(acrylic acid)/ poly(docosyl acrylate) based comb-like random copolymers 基于聚丙烯酸/聚丙烯酸二十二酯的梳状无规共聚物的自组织结构和液晶相行为

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.129530

Kaito Yui , Yui Okuda , Yuki Horiike , Takaya Terashima , Jiacheng Gao , Harumi Sato , Go Matsuba

Comb-like polymers, characterized by main-chain backbones with pendant side chains, exhibit unique crystallization behaviors, sub-10 nm self-assembled morphologies, and distinctive melt properties, making them promising candidates for fabricating ordered nanostructures. However, the influence of side-chain crystallization and backbone hydrogen bonding on microphase separation and chain-packing modes remains insufficiently understood. This study investigated the crystallization and phase-separation behavior of graft polymers bearing crystalline side chains, employing poly(acrylic acid) (AA) to introduce robust hydrogen bonding along the main chain. At high AA content, no crystalline domains were detected and the phase-separated morphology expanded upon heating. At AA/DcA = 5/5 and 6/4 copolymers, melting of the side-chain crystals induced an order–disorder transition, reflecting the dominant cohesive effect of the crystalline side chains. At AA/DcA = 7/3 and 8/2 copolymers, a liquid-crystal–like state appeared above the DcA melting point. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that a nanoscale lamellar phase-separation structure persists above the side-chain melting temperature, while polarized optical microscopy revealed micron-scale liquid-crystalline textures at high temperature. From ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, the temperature dependence of hydrogen bonding differed depending on the DcA component. Raman spectroscopy detected alkyl-chain vibrational features (C14–C16) and the longitudinal acoustic mode in the crystalline state, but not in the liquid-crystalline state, indicating increased side-chain mobility. These results suggest that sufficiently strong hydrogen bonding along the main chain can counterbalance alkyl-side-chain cohesion, stabilizing a liquid-crystal–like morphology that enables orientation control in the micron to nanoscale and offers new strategies for designing novel functional materials.

梳状聚合物具有主链骨架和侧链垂坠的特点，具有独特的结晶行为、10纳米以下的自组装形态和独特的熔融性能，是制造有序纳米结构的有希望的候选者。然而，侧链结晶和主氢键对微相分离和链填充模式的影响尚不清楚。本研究研究了带有结晶侧链的接枝聚合物的结晶和相分离行为，采用聚丙烯酸（AA）在主链上引入坚固的氢键。在AA含量高时，未发现晶域，加热后相分离形貌扩大。在AA/DcA = 5/5和6/4共聚物中，侧链晶体的熔融引起了有序-无序转变，反映了晶体侧链的主要内聚作用。在AA/DcA = 7/3和8/2共聚物中，DcA熔点以上出现液晶状。原位小角度x射线散射显示，在侧链熔融温度以上，纳米级片层相分离结构仍然存在，而在高温下，偏振光学显微镜显示微米级液晶结构。从ATR-FTIR光谱分析，氢键的温度依赖性随DcA组分的不同而不同。拉曼光谱在晶体状态下检测到烷基链的振动特征（C14-C16）和纵向声模式，但在液晶状态下没有检测到，表明侧链迁移率增加。这些结果表明，主链上足够强的氢键可以平衡烷基侧链的内聚，稳定液晶状的形态，使取向控制在微米到纳米尺度上，并为设计新型功能材料提供了新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Self-healing and recyclable thermosetting polyurethanes based on dynamic imine and phenol-carbamate bonds 基于动态亚胺和酚氨基甲酸酯键的自修复和可回收热固性聚氨酯

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.129528

Yuan Chen , Ting Yao , Yuetong Mu, Kai Zhao, Kejun Zhong, Rong Yan, Chang He, Pengxiang Jia, Wenyan Zhang

Thermosetting polyurethanes are widely used in various fields owing to the outstanding mechanical performances, excellent heat resistance, and solvent resistance. However, the poor recyclability and self-healing performance of the traditional thermosetting polyurethanes due to the inherent irreversible cross-linked network largely limited their application. To solve these problems, a high-strength, self-healing, and recyclable thermosetting polyurethane containing imine bonds and phenol-carbamate bonds was successfully prepared. First, a trifunctional chain extender (YAOH) bearing imine bond and phenolic hydroxyl groups was synthesized. Subsequently, polyurethanes featuring a dynamic reversible cross-linked network comprising hydrogen bonds, imine bonds, and phenol-carbamate bonds were synthesized via solution polymerization using YAOH as a chain extender. The obtained LYA4 polyurethane demonstrated excellent mechanical strength (the fracture stress was 15.85 MPa), outstanding stretch ability (1193 %), remarkable toughness (72.79 MJ/m³), good fatigue resistance and thermal stability. Furthermore, LYA4 polyurethane also exhibited excellent self-healing properties and recyclability. The stress self-healing efficiency was achieved as high as 100 % when LYA4 polyurethane was healed at 100 °C for 12 h. Additionally, the material could be recycled multiple times under acidic conditions. After three recycling cycles, the mechanical strength of LYA4 polyurethane was maintained at 7.97 MPa. This research proposed a simple method to prepare thermosetting polyurethanes with high self-healing and recoverable properties, demonstrating various potential applications.

热固性聚氨酯具有优异的机械性能、耐热性和耐溶剂性，广泛应用于各个领域。然而，传统热固性聚氨酯由于其固有的不可逆交联网络，其可回收性和自愈性较差，在很大程度上限制了其应用。为了解决这些问题，成功制备了一种含有亚胺键和氨基甲酸酚键的高强度、自修复、可回收的热固性聚氨酯。首先，合成了含有亚胺键和酚羟基的三官能团扩链剂YAOH。随后，以YAOH为扩链剂，通过溶液聚合合成了由氢键、亚胺键和苯酚-氨基甲酸酯键组成的动态可逆交联网络聚氨酯。所制得的LYA4聚氨酯具有优异的机械强度（断裂应力为15.85 MPa）、优异的拉伸性能（1193%）、优异的韧性（72.79 MJ/m3）、良好的抗疲劳性能和热稳定性。此外，LYA4聚氨酯还表现出优异的自愈性能和可回收性。当LYA4聚氨酯在100℃下固化12 h时，其应力自愈效率高达100%，并且材料可以在酸性条件下多次回收。经过3次循环后，LYA4聚氨酯的机械强度保持在7.97 MPa。本研究提出了一种简单的方法来制备具有高自愈性和可恢复性的热固性聚氨酯，展示了各种潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring biaxial extensional stress for high-performance polycarbonate glass: A study on structural evolution 高性能聚碳酸酯玻璃的定制双轴拉伸应力：结构演化研究

IF 4.5 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.129527

Jian-Bin Tang , Jia-Yi Wu , Lei Li , Ling Xu , Chun Xu , Hao Lin , Gan-Ji Zhong , Jun Lei , Zhong-Ming Li

Polycarbonate (PC) glass holds significant applications prospects in the fields of automotive sunroofs, train windshields, and aerospace windows vehicles, yet conventional processing methods like injection and extrusion molding are difficult to meet the high-performance requirements of PC in these fields. To address this, in this work, we employ simultaneous biaxial extensional stress to regulate the microstructures of PC, combining with advanced structural characterization methods to achieve high-performance PC glasses. The effects of draw ratios and stretching rates on microstructure and property of PC are thoroughly investigated. Results show that the prepared biaxially oriented PC (BOPC) film achieve a significant enhancement in tensile strength from 55.5 MPa to 88.4 MPa, and in the Young's modulus from 854.2 MPa to 2187.6 MPa. Meanwhile, the optical properties of BOPC are well-maintained even slightly improved, with a transmittance of >89 % (in the visible range), while the haze and yellowness are below 1.8 % and 0.8, respectively. Through ex-situ/in-situ Wide angle X-ray scattering, dynamic mechanical analysis and polarized infrared spectroscopy, we reveal that the mechanical enhancement of BOPC stems from the increase in local chain entanglement density and the formation of oriented microstructure. Finally, a microscopic mechanism explaining the mechanical property changes of PC induced by biaxial extensional stress is proposed. This study provides meaningful insights into the structural evolution of PC under biaxial extensional stress and can support scalable production of high-performance BOPC products.

聚碳酸酯（PC）玻璃在汽车天窗、火车挡风玻璃和航空车窗车辆等领域具有重要的应用前景，但传统的注塑和挤出成型等加工方法难以满足PC在这些领域的高性能要求。为了解决这个问题，在这项工作中，我们采用同步双轴拉伸应力来调节PC的微观结构，并结合先进的结构表征方法来实现高性能PC玻璃。研究了拉伸率和拉伸率对PC微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明，制备的双轴取向PC （BOPC）薄膜的抗拉强度从55.5 MPa提高到88.4 MPa，杨氏模量从854.2 MPa提高到2187.6 MPa。同时，BOPC的光学性能保持良好，甚至略有改善，透过率为>； 89%（在可见光范围内），雾度和黄度分别低于1.8%和0.8%。通过离地/原位广角x射线散射、动态力学分析和偏振红外光谱分析，我们发现BOPC的力学增强源于局部链纠缠密度的增加和取向微观结构的形成。最后，提出了双轴拉伸应力诱发PC力学性能变化的微观机制。该研究为双向拉伸应力下PC的结构演变提供了有意义的见解，并为高性能BOPC产品的可扩展生产提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

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