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The ProSiberia Platform: The First Year of Operation and Development Prospects 亲西伯利亚平台:第一年的运行和发展前景
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/27/8
V. Esipova
The article aims to review the experience of creating and launching the ProSiberia platform, and to discuss the prospects for its further development. Based on the aggregation of digital sources of Siberian origin, the ProSiberia project aims to create a research platform that will bring together scholars, content curators (libraries, museums, archives) and society in order to study Siberia and position the region in the global information space. Work on the platform began in 2020 within the framework of the Program for Increasing the Competitiveness of National Research Tomsk State Unversity by the staff of the Tomsk State University Research Library. Now the platform has implemented opportunities both for humanitarian researchers and for civic science representatives (volunteers). For researchers, access to digital copies of texts about Siberia with detailed description and full-text search is organized; it is possible to create one’s own collections of texts; there are some text collaboration tools. It is also possible to find researchers with similar interests and exchange views. A volunteer can edit texts, operate a blog, participate in challenges. The platform is also being filled with new texts. Prospects for the development of the project are considered; they were formulated based on the results of surveys and focus groups. The main directions of development include: work on improving the quality of texts (attracting volunteers for their correct recognition); aggregation of digital tools for the humanities in one place for effective work with texts; attraction of partners; integration into the educational process. The most difficult issue is the aggregation of digital tools. The article lists their most interesting groups: tools for creating and working with digital facsimiles, textometric tools, and a number of tools for working with digitized manuscripts. Thus, at the moment, the initial version of the ProSiberia platform has been created. It allows implementing remotely the basic functions characteristic for any research in the field of humanities. However, most probably, the most important and difficult will be the next stage of the work, which includes, among other things, the aggregation of digital tools for working with the text of interest for the researcher. Therefore, it is extremely important to have a broad discussion in the professional community of both the work already done within the ProSiberia project and the further prospects for its development.
本文旨在回顾ProSiberia平台创建和上线的经验,并探讨其进一步发展的前景。ProSiberia项目基于西伯利亚数字资源的聚合,旨在创建一个研究平台,将学者、内容策展人(图书馆、博物馆、档案馆)和社会聚集在一起,以研究西伯利亚并在全球信息空间中定位该地区。该平台的工作始于2020年,是托木斯克国立大学研究图书馆工作人员在《提高托木斯克国立大学国家研究竞争力计划》框架内开展的。现在,该平台为人道主义研究人员和公民科学代表(志愿者)提供了机会。对于研究人员来说,访问关于西伯利亚的文本的数字副本,详细描述和全文搜索是有组织的;创建自己的文本集是可能的;有一些文本协作工具。也有可能找到有相似兴趣的研究人员并交换意见。志愿者可以编辑文本,操作博客,参与挑战。该平台上也充斥着新的文本。对项目发展前景进行了考虑;它们是根据调查和焦点小组的结果制定的。主要发展方向包括:致力于提高文本质量(吸引志愿者进行正确识别);将人文学科的数字工具集中在一个地方,以便有效地处理文本;吸引伴侣;融入教育过程。最困难的问题是数字工具的聚合。这篇文章列出了他们最感兴趣的组:用于创建和处理数字传真的工具,文本测量工具,以及一些用于处理数字化手稿的工具。因此,目前已经创建了ProSiberia平台的初始版本。它可以远程实现人文学科研究的基本功能。然而,最有可能的是,最重要和最困难的将是下一阶段的工作,其中包括,除其他事项外,用于研究人员感兴趣的文本的数字工具的汇总。因此,在专业社区对ProSiberia项目中已经完成的工作及其进一步发展前景进行广泛讨论是极其重要的。
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引用次数: 0
The Author’s Book in the Modern Repertoire of Belarusian Publications 作者的书在白俄罗斯出版物的现代剧目
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/26/9
Dina P. Zylevich
The modern Belarusian author’s book still rarely attracts researchers’ attention. At the same time, the 21st century, with its attention to the form of any work, brought both “writing artists” and “drawing authors” into literature. The article aims to review author’s books presented in the repertoire of modern Belarusian publishing houses in 2014–2019. The author’s book is usually understood as an edition in which the text and design are created by one person. From the point of view of the interaction of text and illustrations, the article analyzes 20 modern author’s books issued by Belarusian authors: S. Stelmashonk, E. Popova, L. Speranskaya, V. Starikov, S. Volkov, Babushka Ira (Irina Chursina-Bednarska), V. Tkach, K. Pashkevich, A. Balzhak, K. Shtalenkova, G. Labodenko, V. Komarov, K. Mizin, T. Lisitskaya, L. Miklashevich, and others. Author’s books are included in the repertoire of the publishing houses Registr, Medyyal, Kolorgrad, Zvyazda, Entsyklapedyya imya P. Broyki, Zmitser Kolas, and Altiora – Zhivye kraski. Most of the author’s books are addressed to children of preschool and primary school age; Babushka Ira wrote her story “Virtual Brain Eater” for readers of secondary school age; K. Shtalenkova’s fantasy novel The Other Side of the Mirror is for high school students; G. Labodenko and S. Stelmashonok offer their collections to children and adults; V. Komarov, K. Mizin, L. Miklashevich, T. Lisitskaya count on an adult reader. Separately, the author discusses the book of the repressed Belarusian poet Larysa Hienijuš … To Grandchildren. Poems and Letters. Uncensored, which is decorated with illustrations by the author and released 35 years after her death. The book has an original conception, a rich reference apparatus and a highquality printing performance. The author notes that some of the modern Belarusian author’s books represent a creative experiment; however, in most publications, the text dominates the illustration both in terms of space and semantic load. The analysis of the repertoire of publications shows that the most interesting author’s books belong to the pen of those people who have an art education degree (L. Speranskaya, E. Popova, S. Stelmashonok), or are active in the field of culture and art (T. Lisitskaya, G. Labodenko). The material presented in the article suggests that the artistic and graphic genre of the author’s book is actively developing in Belarus today and is waiting for further research by art historians, philologists and publishing specialists.
现代白俄罗斯作家的书仍然很少引起研究人员的注意。与此同时,21世纪对任何作品形式的关注,将“写作艺术家”和“绘画作者”都带入了文学。本文旨在回顾2014-2019年在现代白俄罗斯出版社的曲目中呈现的作者的书籍。作者的书通常被理解为文本和设计都是由一个人创作的版本。本文从文字与插图相互作用的角度,分析了白俄罗斯作家出版的20本现代作家著作:S. Stelmashonk、E. Popova、L. Speranskaya、V. Starikov、S. Volkov、Babushka Ira (Irina Chursina-Bednarska)、V. Tkach、K. Pashkevich、A. Balzhak、K. Shtalenkova、G. Labodenko、V. Komarov、K. Mizin、T. Lisitskaya、L. Miklashevich等。作者的书籍被收录在Registr、Medyyal、Kolorgrad、Zvyazda、Entsyklapedyya imya P. Broyki、Zmitser Kolas和Altiora - Zhivye kraski出版社的保留目录中。作者的大部分书籍都是针对学龄前和小学年龄的儿童;巴布什卡·艾拉(Babushka Ira)为中学年龄的读者写了《虚拟食脑者》(Virtual Brain Eater)的故事;K. Shtalenkova的奇幻小说《镜子的另一面》是给高中生看的;G. Labodenko和S. Stelmashonok向儿童和成人提供他们的收藏品;V. Komarov, K. Mizin, L. Miklashevich, T. Lisitskaya指望一个成年读者。另外,作者还讨论了受压迫的白俄罗斯诗人Larysa hienijuv的《致孙辈》一书。诗歌和信件。这本未经审查的书在她去世35年后出版,并配有作者的插图。该书构思新颖,参考资料丰富,印刷性能优良。作者指出,这位现代白俄罗斯作家的一些作品代表了一种创造性的实验;然而,在大多数出版物中,文本在空间和语义负荷方面都占主导地位。对出版物的分析表明,最有趣的作者的书属于那些拥有艺术教育学位的人(L. Speranskaya, E. Popova, S. Stelmashonok),或者活跃在文化和艺术领域的人(T. Lisitskaya, G. Labodenko)。文章中所提供的材料表明,作者的书的艺术和图形类型在今天的白俄罗斯正在积极发展,等待艺术史学家、语言学家和出版专家进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Siberian Merchants as a Factor in the Formation of the Cultural Landscape of the Region in Nikolay Naumov’s Essays and Stories of the 1870s–1880s 尼古拉·诺莫夫《1870 - 1880年代散文集》中西伯利亚商人在该地区文化景观形成中的作用
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/26/1
Vladislav A. Przhigotskiy
Siberian merchants as a special social and cultural phenomenon that played a role in the formation of the cultural landscape of the region was reflected in several works of the Russian literature of the 18th and 19th centuries. An important place among them belongs to the stories and essays of the Siberian writer Nikolay Naumov created in the 1870s–1880s and included in the pantheon of populist fiction. These works can be attributed to the texts of “local consciousness”, and they were quite actively studied in the Soviet and post-Soviet times. At the same time, the image of Siberian merchants in Naumov’s works that addresses the problem of regional identity in the context of national identity remained practically unexplored. Important factors in the study of this image in the works of the writer-official Naumov are the interaction of his literary and official activities; the ideology of Siberian regionalism, whose member he was a that time; and the ideology of populism, which also had a strong influence on him. Accordingly, the aim of the article is to analyze the features of the depiction of Siberian merchants in Naumov’s works of the 1870s–1880s as an implication of the archetype, the national type of a merchant in Siberian plots. The analysis carried out in the context of the mutual influence of the various social fields occupied by the writer demonstrates the dominance of the pragmatic possibilities of Naumov’s works over the literary ones. Focused on creating a “reality effect”, all the stories are characterized by essay beginning, abundant use of facts, real events, specific details of everyday life. However, with all his efforts to focus his gaze on the material and its reliability, Naumov certainly and quite clearly communicates his ideological conception to the reader. As a rule, the presented image of the Siberian merchant class is completed and consistent, and therefore rather superficial and schematic, extremely typified. Moreover, the image of the Siberian merchant miroed (lit. “world eater”; exploiter) is part of the collective image of the miroed, which also includes kulaks and officials. The influence of the field of public service can be traced both in the subject matter of the works and in their poetics. In particular, they contain an autobiographical image of the hero-narrator (official), and they are also characterized by clearly defined temporal and spatial boundaries, which strengthens the essay element. Telling the reader about the ethnography and geography of Siberia, the writer (through the hero-narrator) draws attention to its “natural” merits, on the one hand, and persistently voices the idea, which performs a cycle-forming function, that Siberia’s natural well-being and harmony is violated by human intervention often coming to Siberia from outside, on the other. Accordingly, Naumov sees the common role of officials and writers in the development of Siberia as the protection of Siberia from predatory exploitation, which
西伯利亚商人作为一种特殊的社会文化现象,在该地区文化景观的形成中发挥了作用,这在18世纪和19世纪的俄罗斯文学作品中得到了反映。西伯利亚作家尼古拉·诺莫夫(Nikolay Naumov)在19世纪70年代至80年代创作的故事和散文在其中占有重要地位,并被列入民粹主义小说的万神殿。这些作品可以归结为“地方意识”的文本,在苏联和后苏联时期,它们受到了相当积极的研究。与此同时,诺莫夫作品中的西伯利亚商人形象在民族认同的背景下解决地域认同问题,实际上仍然没有被探索。研究作家-官员诺莫夫作品中这一形象的重要因素是他的文学活动与官方活动的互动;他当时是西伯利亚地方主义思想的一员;而民粹主义的意识形态,也对他产生了很大的影响。因此,本文旨在分析诺莫夫在19世纪70年代至80年代作品中对西伯利亚商人的描写特点,并以此作为西伯利亚情节中商人的民族类型原型的暗示。在作家所占据的各种社会领域相互影响的背景下进行的分析表明,诺莫夫作品的语用可能性占文学作品的主导地位。所有的故事都注重营造“现实效果”,以短文开头,大量使用事实,真实事件,日常生活的具体细节为特点。然而,尽管诺莫夫努力将注意力集中在材料及其可靠性上,但他确实非常清楚地向读者传达了他的思想观念。一般来说,西伯利亚商人阶层的形象是完整和一致的,因此是相当肤浅和概要的,极具典型性。此外,西伯利亚商人的形象也被称为“世界食客”;剥削者(剥削者)是被剥削者的集体形象的一部分,被剥削者还包括富农和官员。公共服务领域的影响可以在作品的主题和诗学中找到。特别是,它们包含了英雄叙述者(官员)的自传体形象,并且具有明确的时间和空间界限,这加强了散文元素。在讲述西伯利亚的民族志和地理时,作者(通过主人公叙述者)一方面让读者注意到它的“自然”优点,另一方面又不断地发出一种循环形成功能的观点,即西伯利亚的自然福祉与和谐受到经常来自外部的人为干预的破坏。因此,诺莫夫认为,官员和作家在西伯利亚发展中的共同作用是保护西伯利亚免受掠夺性剥削,这在该地区并不常见,并防止持久价值的破坏。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptual Images in the Poetry of Slovak Symbolists (Based on the Original and Translated Poems by Ivan Krasko) 斯洛伐克象征主义者诗歌中的感性意象(以克拉斯科诗歌原文和译文为例)
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/25/1
L. Kryukova, Irina Dulebová
The article provides an analysis of perceptual images in the aspect of text-related activities based on the poems by the Slovak symbolist poet Ivan Krasko. The focus is placed on the linguistic means of expressing perceptual semantics which allow exploring the artistic picture of the author’s world within the given literary direction. The problem of artistic perception is examined in the context of current research in the field of lin-guistic semantics and philological analysis of literary texts. In the first part of the article, the authors give a definition of a perceptual image, understood as one of the forms of an artistic image that is filled with a specific lexical and semantic content in the author’s individual worldview. A review of the works of Slovak researchers who discuss the features of the symbolist poetry of Ivan Krasko is given. It is emphasized that the creativity of the Slovak symbolist is characterized by poetic parallelism between the internal state of the lyrical hero and their surrounding nature. Sensory perception in the poetry of Ivan Krasko is focused on the awareness and classification of “perceived” objects and phenomena. The second (main) part of the article deals with a comparative linguistic analysis of the original poem “My Songs” and its poetic translation by Anna Akhmatova. The most significant artistic image in the original and translated text is všednosť/ordinariness (everydayness), which reflects the internal state of the lyrical hero and is represented by a wide range of linguistic units with perceptual semantics. The analyzed perceptual images are fog, haze, poplar, mountains, flowers, etc. At the lexical level, there are similar features in the description of the landscape: nouns and adjectives with semantics of visual perception are used – greenness, whiteness, blue-ness. The differences at the formal-syntactic level are due to the peculiarities of the syntactic structure of the Slovak language and the Russian language, while the proposi-tional semantics generally corresponds. At the stylistic level, minor differences are explained by the author’s worldview: in case of Krasko, it is a symbolist worldview; in case of Akhmatova, it is the acmeist worldview. In the original text, the main images are represented by expressions with an abstract meaning: božie muky dole v cintoríne, striebro riavy, v dolinu, vzkvetlú tisícerým kvetom; in translation, the images are more specific: crucifixion, a rose hip, a crest, a cliff. As a result of the comparative analysis of the original and translated texts, the peculiarities of the representation of the percep-tual picture of the world of the author and the translator, realized at different text levels, were revealed. Poetic transformations testify to the “special type of perception” charac-teristic of the Slovak poet as a representative of the symbolist trend.
本文以斯洛伐克象征主义诗人伊万·克拉斯科的诗歌为基础,从文本相关活动的角度对感性意象进行了分析。重点放在表达感性语义的语言手段上,在给定的文学方向下探索作者世界的艺术图景。艺术感知的问题是在当前文学文本的语言语义学和语言学分析领域的研究背景下进行研究的。在文章的第一部分,作者给出了感性形象的定义,将感性形象理解为艺术形象的一种形式,在作者个人的世界观中充满了特定的词汇和语义内容。本文回顾了斯洛伐克学者对克拉斯科象征主义诗歌特征的研究。强调斯洛伐克象征主义者的创造力的特点是抒情英雄的内部状态与其周围自然之间的诗意平行。克拉斯科诗歌中的感官知觉关注的是对“感知”对象和现象的认识和分类。文章的第二部分(主要部分)是对安娜·阿赫玛托娃的原诗《我的歌》及其诗歌翻译作比较语言学分析。原文和译文中最重要的艺术形象是všednosť/ ordinary (everyday),它反映了抒情英雄的内在状态,并由广泛的具有感性语义的语言单位来表现。分析的感知图像有雾、霾、杨树、山、花等。在词汇层面上,对景观的描述也有相似的特点:使用具有视觉感知语义的名词和形容词——绿、白、蓝。在形式句法层面上的差异是由于斯洛伐克语和俄语句法结构的特殊性,而命题语义总体上是一致的。在风格层面上,细微的差异可以用作者的世界观来解释:在克拉斯科身上,这是一种象征主义的世界观;对于阿赫玛托娃来说,这是一种种族主义的世界观。在原文中,主要图像用具有抽象意义的表达式表示:božie muky dole v cintoríne, striebro riavy, v dolinu, vzkvetlú tisícerým kvetom;在翻译中,这些形象更具体:钉十字架、玫瑰果、王冠、悬崖。通过对原文和译文的对比分析,揭示了作者和译者在不同文本层次上对世界感知图景的表征的独特性。作为象征主义思潮的代表,斯洛伐克诗人的诗歌转型体现了其“特殊的感知类型”特征。
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引用次数: 0
The Stylistic Peculiarities of the Illuminated Manuscript Sermon of Palladii the Monk in Old Believer Book Culture 老信徒图书文化中《和尚帕拉迪讲道》彩绘手稿的文体特点
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/25/4
N. V. Anufrieva
Images of the Last Judgement in the eschatological writing Sermon of Palladii the Monk attracted the interest of Old Believer scribes as a visual proof of the truth of their faith. In the epoch when the Last Judgement was intensively anticipated (the second half of the 17th and the 18th centuries), illuminated Old Believer manuscripts were especially popular and significant. In different regional centres of Old Belief, rules for decorating such manuscripts were developed. The means of formulating and spreading visual information were distinct in terms of colour, the way in which narrative details were drawn, and the general composition. Using the illuminated manuscript Sermon of Palladii the Monk as an example, one can trace these stylistic distinctions. As a result of a comparative analysis with fifteen other illuminated manuscripts, it is possible to define four sustained styles used in the creation of this artefact. The “Northern Letters” style (present among the priestless Old Believers of the Russian North, the Urals, Sibe-ria, and Central Russia) is distinguished by the particular combination of colours (the combination of bright red, green and their shades) and the templates used to paint the pictures. The “Volga” style (which united different regions of the Volga, such as Irgiz, Nizhny Novgorod, Gorodets, Kerzhenets, Saratov, and others) stands out due to the richness and variety of the colours, which ranged from light and airy to bright and catchy, like purple and violet. Developing at the beginning of the 19th century in the Urals, the “Shartash” style includes decorative elements from the artistic schools of Pomor’e, Vetka, and Guslitsa. Often, these miniatures resemble lubki in terms of their narratives, fragmentation of the plot, and numerous explanations. Among the priestless Old Believers, the so-called “Baroque Rocaille” style was widespread: this contained elements from the art of the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries (such as Baroque and Rococo). These reflected the desires of scribes and artists to take into account modern developments, thereby keeping up with the times. Examining in paral-lel several different manuscripts and their characteristic features allows us to see the repeatability of individual stable forms of composition, as well as the breadth of the colour choices and the artistic qualities of the manuscripts. As the size of the study base increases, new information on the characteristic iconographic attributes of Sermon of Palladii the Monk will become available.
末世论著作《僧侣帕拉迪的布道》中最后审判的图像吸引了老信徒的兴趣,作为他们信仰真理的视觉证明。在最后审判被强烈期待的时代(17世纪下半叶和18世纪),有插图的旧信徒手稿特别受欢迎和重要。在旧信仰的不同区域中心,制定了装饰这些手稿的规则。在色彩、叙事细节的绘制方式和总体构图方面,视觉信息的形成和传播方式都是不同的。以《帕拉迪僧侣布道》的插图手稿为例,人们可以追溯这些风格上的区别。通过与其他15份手抄本的对比分析,可以确定该手抄本创作中使用的四种持续风格。“北方字母”风格(存在于俄罗斯北部、乌拉尔、西伯利亚和俄罗斯中部无祭司的老信徒中)的特点是颜色的特殊组合(明亮的红色、绿色及其阴影的组合)和用于绘画的模板。“伏尔加”风格(将伏尔加的不同地区联合起来,如Irgiz, Nizhny Novgorod, Gorodets, Kerzhenets, Saratov等)因色彩的丰富性和多样性而脱颖而出,从明亮和轻快到明亮和引人注目,如紫色和紫罗兰色。“沙塔什”风格于19世纪初在乌拉尔地区发展起来,包括来自波莫雷、维特卡和古斯利察艺术流派的装饰元素。通常,这些微缩模型在叙事、情节的碎片化和大量的解释方面类似于lubki。在没有牧师的老信徒中,所谓的“巴洛克风格”很普遍:这种风格包含了18世纪末和19世纪初的艺术元素(如巴洛克和洛可可)。这些反映了文士和艺术家考虑到现代发展的愿望,从而跟上时代。同时考察几个不同的手稿及其特征,可以让我们看到单个稳定构图形式的可重复性,以及手稿颜色选择的广度和艺术品质。随着研究基地规模的增加,关于《僧侣帕拉迪的布道》的特征图像属性的新信息将变得可用。
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引用次数: 0
The “Temple Cycle” in the Book of Poems by the Emigrant Poet Georgiy Golokhvastov as a Text in a Text 移民诗人格罗赫瓦斯托夫《诗经》中的“神庙循环”作为文本中的文本
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/27/1
O. Strashkova, Anastasiya D. Alexenko
The article examines the artistic system of the book of poems Polusonety [HalfSonnets] by Georgiy Golohvastov, the ideological leader of a group of poets of the first wave of emigrants (E.V. Khristiani, D.A. Magula, V.S. Ilyashenko) that originated in the 1920s-1930s in New York. The article deals with the specific phenomenon of a “temple cycle” as a text in the text of Polusonety. The cycle can be specified by the author as a structural unit of the book, or it can “stand out” as a united text space based on thematic or figurative unity. The latter is our case. The object of the research is the realization in the half-sonnets of the image-code of the Temple, which is a symbol of Russian culture within the model of the poet’s world, the basis of the traditional world order reverently stored in the memory of the emigrant poet. The “temple cycle” is considered as a single lyrical text. The cross-cutting theme of the cycle is the Holy Rus, represented in the image of the world lucent Temple; this image is in the memory of every emigrant. The signs of the Temple in Golokhvastov’s half-sonnets are “dark lamps at the kiot”, “monk”, “poor temple with a wrecked bell tower”, “skete”. The poet voluntarily emigrated to the United States after the revolution of 1917, but his memory preserved the idyllic image of Cathedral Russia that shaped in his poetic system as the conceptual artistic and aesthetic model of the “Russian world” closely connected with the Orthodox faith. The poet perceived faith as the embodiment of spiritual coordinates of Russian people forced to live in a foreign land, associated it with images of monastery, cross, icons, monk in his poetry. These semiotic codes illustrate Golokhvastov’s “Russian thought”. The code of the Temple in Golokhvastov’s art system has various transformations: it is a lonely monastic skete, an ancient monastery, and a small city parish. The space of the Temple is individualized under the influence of the historical and cultural situation, psycho-mental characteristics, and personal experience of the author. The temple for Golokhvastov’s lyrical hero is a locus of gaining strength and peace of mind, in which he can get rid of loneliness among the hostile alien crowd. The altar, icons, and deacon’s singing remind the lyrical hero of his ancestral estate, where he “trembled in his chlid’s prayers.” The renewing and purifying space of Christian symbols leads him by prayer and uncomplicated contemplation. Staying in the space of the House of God, the lyrical hero regains the forever lost Holy Rus. We come to the following conclusions: the figurative world of Golokhvastov’s “temple cycle” is deeply consistent with the spirit of the Christian doctrine of God, which was represented by the poet in various lyrical forms and images throughout his creative life. Being a text in the text, this cycle extends the boundaries of the understanding of the emigrant poet’s artistic model and the integrity of his poetic system.
本文考察格罗瓦斯托夫诗集《半十四行诗》的艺术体系。格罗瓦斯托夫是二十世纪二三十年代纽约第一批移民诗人(E.V. Khristiani、d.a Magula、V.S. Ilyashenko)的思想领袖。本文论述了“神庙周期”作为文本的具体现象在《Polusonety》文本中的体现。这个循环可以被作者指定为书的一个结构单元,也可以作为一个基于主题或比喻统一的统一文本空间“脱颖而出”。我们的情况是后者。本文的研究对象是在半十四行诗中实现神庙的意象代码,这是诗人世界模式中俄罗斯文化的象征,是在移民诗人的记忆中庄严储存的传统世界秩序的基础。“神庙循环”被认为是一个单一的抒情文本。该循环的交叉主题是神圣的罗斯,以世界朗朗寺的形象为代表;这一形象铭刻在每一个移民的记忆中。在Golokhvastov的半十四行诗中,寺庙的标志是“kiot上黑暗的灯”,“和尚”,“破败的钟楼的可怜寺庙”,“skete”。1917年革命后,这位诗人自愿移民到美国,但他的记忆中保留了俄罗斯大教堂的田园诗般的形象,这一形象在他的诗歌体系中形成了与东正教信仰密切相关的“俄罗斯世界”的观念艺术和美学模式。诗人将信仰视为被迫生活在异国他乡的俄罗斯人的精神坐标的体现,并将其与修道院、十字架、圣像、僧侣等形象联系在一起。这些符号学代码说明了戈洛赫瓦斯托夫的“俄罗斯思想”。在Golokhvastov的艺术体系中,神庙的代码有各种各样的变化:它是一个孤独的修道院skete,一个古老的修道院,一个小的城市教区。在历史文化情境、心理特征和作者个人经历的影响下,大庙的空间呈现出个性化。Golokhvastov的抒情英雄的寺庙是获得力量和心灵平静的地方,在那里他可以摆脱充满敌意的外来人群中的孤独。祭坛、圣像和执事的歌声使抒情英雄想起了他祖先的庄园,在那里他“在孩子的祈祷中颤抖”。基督教象征的更新和净化空间引导他通过祈祷和简单的沉思。在上帝之殿的空间里,抒情英雄重新获得了永远失去的神圣罗斯。我们可以得出以下结论:格洛赫瓦斯托夫的“神庙循环”的比喻世界与基督教的上帝教义精神是深刻一致的,这种精神在诗人的创作生涯中以各种抒情形式和形象表现出来。作为文本中的文本,这一循环扩展了对移民诗人艺术模式及其诗歌体系完整性的理解边界。
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引用次数: 0
“In the Unity and Diversity of Artistic Traditions” (Book Review: Sozina, E.K. (Ed.) (2020) Istoriya Literatury Urala. XIX Vek: V 2 Kn. [A History of Ural Literature. 19th Century: In 2 Books]. Moscow: LRC) “在统一和艺术传统的多样性”(书评:Sozina, E.K.(编辑)(2020)历史文学乌拉尔。x周:V 2kn。[乌拉尔文学史。19世纪:两本书]。莫斯科:领头
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/25/11
T. A. Sirotkina
One often comes across the opinion of researchers that there are many lacunae in the history of regional literatures. Until quite recently, this could be said about the liter-ature of the Urals. The publication of the first volume of A History of Ural Literature gives literary scholars a reason to hope that, with the full implementation of the project of the Ural academic literature, many of its blank spots will be closed. It seems that at least half of these hopes have already been justified since, in 2021, the second volume of A History of the Literature of the Urals was published. It is a multi-page publication in two books, the result of many years of work by a team of Russian literary critics. The volume’s editor-in-chief is Doctor of Philology, Professor Elena Konstantinovna Sozina The idea of “crossing regional and national breeds on the basis of the literature of a certain region”, preached by the book compilers, seems extremely productive. The peculiarity of this book, as the introduction claims, is “that the history of regional Russian literature is united here with the histories of a number of national literatures of peoples who have lived in the Urals since ancient times and have a cultural, and now also administrative, autonomy within the region”. The book’s authors rightly emphasize the “social” character of the literature of the mining Urals in the nineteenth century. They write that the specificity of the Urals largely determined the characteristic feature inherent in its culture, art, literature: sociality, sometimes even sociology, manifested, among other things, in the minds of the inhabitants of the region, in their constant and persistent interest in public affairs, in their positioning of the region as working, collectivist, united by a common destiny and common interests. The publication is superbly prepared (the materials were edited by the Cand. Sci. (Philology) T.A. Arsenova) and illustrated (the selection of illustrative material was made by the Cand. Sci. (Art History) E.P. Alekseev). Thus, thanks to the efforts of the authors, we are dealing with a systematic work on the history of the Ural litera-ture of the 19th century, which will undoubtedly be addressed by both novice and expert researchers.
人们经常会遇到研究者的观点,认为地域文学史上存在许多空白。直到最近,乌拉尔人的文学也是如此。《乌拉尔文学史》第一卷的出版,使文学学者有理由希望,随着乌拉尔学术文学工程的全面实施,乌拉尔学术文学的许多空白将被填补。自2021年《乌拉尔文学史》第二卷出版以来,这些希望似乎至少有一半已经实现了。这是两本书的多页出版物,是俄罗斯文学评论家团队多年工作的结果。该书的主编是文献学博士埃琳娜·康斯坦丁诺夫娜·索吉娜教授。该书编纂者所宣扬的“以某一地区的文学为基础,跨越地域和民族品种”的想法似乎非常有成效。正如引言所言,这本书的独特之处在于,“俄罗斯地区文学史与自古以来居住在乌拉尔的民族的许多民族文学史结合在一起,这些民族在该地区拥有文化自主权,现在也拥有行政自治权”。这本书的作者正确地强调了19世纪乌拉尔采矿业文学的“社会”特征。他们写道,乌拉尔的特殊性在很大程度上决定了其文化、艺术、文学中固有的特征:社会性,有时甚至是社会学,除其他外,表现在该地区居民的思想中,表现在他们对公共事务的持续和持久的兴趣中,表现在他们将该地区定位为工作的、集体主义的、由共同命运和共同利益联合起来的。这本出版物准备得很好(材料是由政府编辑的)。科学。(语言学)T.A. Arsenova)和插图(插图材料的选择是由Cand提供的。科学。(艺术史)E.P.阿列克谢耶夫因此,由于作者的努力,我们正在处理19世纪乌拉尔文学史的系统工作,毫无疑问,新手和专家研究人员都会解决这个问题。
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引用次数: 0
Joyce’s Literary Tradition in Mikhail Shishkin’s Prose and Its Evocation in the Story “The Blind Musician” 希什金散文中的乔伊斯文学传统及其在《盲人音乐家》中的再现
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/26/3
Ludmila V. Comuzzi
In this article, Mikhail Shishkin is presented as a literary successor to James Joyce’s modernist tradition of writing. The nature of the ties connecting his creative method with that of Joyce is considered in two aspects which also qualify the narrative structure of his texts, namely the autobiographical and intertextual ones. While the autobiographical features of Joyce’s works can be estimated by his numerous biographies and archives, the facts from Shishkin’s life, the writer being our contemporary, can mostly be judged on by their creative interpretations in his own literary works. However, in its degree of truthiness, Shishkin’s autobiographical prose is in large excess over that of Joyce’s who would rather tend to aesthetic transformations of his life in the art forms. The two writers’ life stories themselves demonstrate a noticeable parallelism: both are linguistically sensitive; both did similar jobs along with their primary, literary occupation (a teacher, a journalist, a lecturer, a translator); for both, mother’s death of cancer and the child’s illness are reflected in recurrent literary motifs; both left for Switzerland to write about homeland from the meta-distance of the artist. Shishkin follows Joyce’s strategy of interlacing the intimate, painful episodes of his personal life into the literary texture of his writings. The very episodes of the lives of the two writers belonging to different national and historical cultures are quite identical, too. It is only that Shishkin goes further than Joyce in directness and candour, thus putting Joyce’s principle of mimesis on edge. This ultimate autobiographicity makes Shishkin, on the one hand, a successor to the tradition of Russian classical literature (remember his “love for Akaki Akakievitch”), as well as the tradition of truth in the 20th-century literature. On the other hand, it attaches him to the postmodern trend of transforming text into reality. Anyway, unlike postmodernists who are destroying literary discourse together with the characters articulating it, Shishkin “plays” with it in order to bring the novel back to life. Aesthetically, Shishkin reproduces and expounds Joyce’s theory of the “rhythm of beauty”, his technique of radical intertextuality and anastomosis connections of “all in all”. The story “The Blind Musician” has every trait of modernist poetics outlined above. The plays with light and darkness set by the cyclic rhythm of the day/night alternation and by regular shifts from mimetic to mythopoetic (intertextual) discourse are the structural narrative devices similar to those used by Joyce. Joyce’s characters, like Minotaurs, are wandering blindly through the labyrinth of Dublin until they arrive at the visionary moment of epiphany, when the beauty of a trivial truth lights up in their minds. Shishkin’s ideology is also modernist in character, since his “new linguoworld” is created as a mode of reconciling man with this world’s imperfections and as a mode of clari
在这篇文章中,米哈伊尔·希什金被认为是詹姆斯·乔伊斯现代主义写作传统的文学继承者。他的创作方法与乔伊斯的创作方法之间的联系本质可以从两个方面来考察,这两个方面也决定了他的文本的叙事结构,即自传式和互文式。虽然乔伊斯作品的自传体特征可以通过他的大量传记和档案来估计,但希什金的生活事实,作为我们同时代的作家,大多可以通过他自己的文学作品中的创造性解释来判断。然而,就其真实程度而言,希什金的自传体散文远远超过了乔伊斯的自传体散文,后者更倾向于在艺术形式上对自己的生活进行美学改造。这两位作家的生活故事本身就表现出明显的相似之处:他们都对语言很敏感;两人的主要职业都是文学(教师、记者、讲师、翻译)。对这两本书来说,母亲死于癌症和孩子的疾病都反映在反复出现的文学母题中;他们都去了瑞士,以艺术家的超距离来写祖国。希什金遵循了乔伊斯的策略,将他个人生活中亲密而痛苦的片段交织在他作品的文学质感中。这两位作家属于不同的民族和历史文化,他们的生活情节也非常相似。只是希什金在直接和坦率方面比乔伊斯走得更远,从而使乔伊斯的模仿原则处于边缘。这种终极的自传体使希什金一方面继承了俄罗斯古典文学的传统(记住他“对阿卡基耶维奇的爱”),同时也继承了20世纪文学的真理传统。另一方面,这又使他置身于文本转化为现实的后现代思潮之中。不管怎么说,与后现代主义者破坏文学话语和表达文学话语的人物不同,希什金“玩弄”文学话语是为了让小说复活。在美学上,希什金再现并阐述了乔伊斯的“美的韵律”理论、激进的互文性手法和“万有之万”的吻合连接。《盲人音乐家》这个故事具有上述现代主义诗学的所有特征。由昼夜交替的循环节奏和从模仿到神话(互文)话语的规律转换设定的光明和黑暗的戏剧是类似于乔伊斯使用的结构叙事手段。乔伊斯笔下的人物就像牛头怪一样,在都柏林的迷宫中盲目地游荡,直到他们到达顿悟的梦幻时刻,一个微不足道的真理之美在他们的脑海中闪现。希什金的意识形态也具有现代主义的特征,因为他的“新语言世界”是作为一种调和人类与这个世界的不完美的模式而创造的,也是一种澄清其意义的模式。
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引用次数: 0
German Incunabula Herbals from the Russian State Library: Towards Popular Literature 来自俄罗斯国家图书馆的德国古那布拉草药:走向大众文学
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/26/4
C. Squires
Early printed herbals have a special place in the 15th-century book production as they were popular both with academics, including medical scientists and pharmacists, and with the common reader. The popular response to the mass production of herbal books made possible by the invention of printing left textual and linguistic evidence in the form of handwritten marginal notes. In the present study, six copies of illustrated herbals printed in Mainz by Peter Schoeffer in 1484 and 1485 are compared as to the subject, language and function of the marginal notes found in them. Five of these books are from the Rare Books Department of the Russian State (former Lenin) Library, the sixth copy from the Moscow University Library is used to enable better comparison. The analysis has shown that the types of marginal notes vary significantly depending on the owners’ social status, interest, background, and on the time and region. Marginal notes in Latin or Greek are considered from the point of view of their thematic (content) and chronological (dating) characteristics. As the result of many centuries of natural science, herbals were an important source of professional knowledge for academics, including medical scientists and pharmacists, of the time. Thematically, linguistically and paleographically, marginal notes of this type can be ascribed to professionals or students of natural sciences. Notes made considerably later than the incunabula era can in fact only be explained by an academic interest on the part of the reader (some notes date after 1700). Marginal notes made in German and, judging by the handwriting, dating closer to 1500 reflect work of common medical practitioners or even of lay readers, who used their herbals to cope with practical problems of their everyday life. These German marginal notes are of high interest as a source for German language history, as they contain synonymous names of plants, additional to those used in the printed text. The analysis of their form, dialect, and distribution proves that they offer valuable lexical material (regional names) in the semantic field usually scarcely documented in medieval literary texts. Those descriptions, which are indicative of region or dialect, show a distinct Southern German origin of their authors.
早期印刷的草药在15世纪的书籍制作中占有特殊的地位,因为它们既受到包括医学科学家和药剂师在内的学者的欢迎,也受到普通读者的欢迎。印刷术的发明使草药书的大量生产成为可能,人们对这种现象的普遍反应是以手写的边注形式留下文本和语言证据。本研究以彼得·舍弗(Peter Schoeffer)于1484年和1485年在美因茨印刷的六本附注草药为研究对象,对附注的主题、语言和功能进行了比较。其中五本来自俄罗斯国家(前列宁)图书馆的珍本部,第六本来自莫斯科大学图书馆,以便更好地进行比较。分析表明,在不同的社会地位、兴趣、背景、时间和地域上,边注的类型有显著的差异。拉丁文或希腊文的边注是从主题(内容)和年代(年代)特征的角度来考虑的。作为许多世纪自然科学的结果,草药是当时包括医学科学家和药剂师在内的学术界专业知识的重要来源。从主题、语言和古生物学的角度来看,这种类型的旁注可以归因于专业人士或自然科学专业的学生。事实上,远远晚于古古布拉时代的笔记只能由读者的学术兴趣来解释(一些笔记的日期在1700年之后)。用德语写的旁注,从笔迹判断,可以追溯到1500年左右,反映了普通医生甚至是外行读者的工作,他们用草药来解决日常生活中的实际问题。这些德语的边注是德语历史的一个重要来源,因为除了印刷文本中使用的名称外,它们还包含植物的同义名称。对它们的形式、方言和分布的分析证明,它们在语义领域提供了宝贵的词汇材料(地区名称),这些材料通常很少在中世纪文学文本中记录。这些描述,这是地区或方言的指示,表明一个明显的德国南部起源的作者。
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引用次数: 0
Problems of Attributing the Publications of the Old Believer Ovchinnikov Printer 老信徒奥夫钦尼科夫印刷公司出版物的归属问题
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/25/5
I. Pochinskaya
This article is dedicated to the problem of attributing the publications of illegal Old Believer printers in the second half of the nineteenth century: such publications do not have bibliographical data or have false information about the place of publication. At the centre of the author’s attention is the largest and longest-running printing company in the Old Believer market that belonged to the brothers Ovchinnikov. For publications from the eighteenth to the early nineteenth centuries, the main element which allows us to attribute a book to this or that printer is decoration; however, this criterion is insufficient for books from the second half of the nineteenth century. Old Believer merchants were publishers of books in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; they placed their orders in rather large printing companies with an established set of decorations. Even in the printers they started at the end of the eighteenth century, they followed the tradition of using individual and distinctive ornamentation. In the second half of the nineteenth century, peasants or townsmen were publishers of books. Lacking sufficient funds and due to the illegal character of their activities, their printers were small and mobile, and they printed books on cheap paper in order to lower pro-duction costs. With only rare exceptions, the decoration of such books was not rich: either it was absent in general or there were only typeset decorations. If they did have headpieces, different printers used the same models. As such, ornamentation cannot be used as a universal indicator for attributing these publications, although it can be part of a set of such indicators. Fonts play the main role in defining an edition, but it is neces-sary to create a reference guide of fonts if this indicator is to be used practically. This article reflects the results of an analysis of fonts and decorative elements in publications from the Ovchinnikov printer. Very many such publications used a great variety of fonts simultaneously. According to indirect data, the books date from the 1860s. They might initially be taken for sammelbände since the type of paper changes along with the fonts. However, the integrity of the text during the transition from one font type to the next undermines this assumption. The article poses the question of how to explain the peculiarities of such publications. There is no one-dimensional answer. However, the author makes some suggestions: it is possible that at some point the printer was dispersed, with several printing presses placed in different houses. When a comparatively large volume was produced, the material was shared out and printed on these separate press-es. However, this hypothesis provokes the question: why do blocks of text printed in one font not follow each other in sequence? The article contains examples of the printer’s fonts and artistic elements the author identified.
本文专门讨论19世纪下半叶非法Old Believer印刷商出版物的归属问题:此类出版物没有书目数据或关于出版地点的虚假信息。作者关注的中心是奥夫钦尼科夫兄弟在老信徒市场上经营时间最长、规模最大的印刷公司。对于18世纪到19世纪早期的出版物来说,让我们把一本书归因于这个或那个印刷商的主要因素是装饰;然而,这一标准对于19世纪下半叶的书籍来说是不够的。在18世纪和19世纪早期,老信徒的商人是图书出版商;他们在相当大的印刷公司下订单,这些公司有一套固定的装饰。即使在印刷厂,他们在18世纪末开始,他们遵循使用个人和独特的装饰的传统。在19世纪下半叶,农民或城镇居民是书籍的出版商。由于缺乏足够的资金和活动的非法性质,他们的打印机很小,而且是移动的,他们用廉价的纸张印刷书籍,以降低生产成本。除了极少数例外,这些书的装饰并不丰富:要么是普遍缺乏,要么只有排版装饰。如果他们有耳机,不同的打印机使用相同的型号。因此,纹饰不能作为这些出版物归属的普遍指标,尽管它可以作为一套此类指标的一部分。字体在定义一个版本中起着主要作用,但如果要实际使用这一指标,有必要创建一个字体参考指南。本文反映了对Ovchinnikov打印机出版物中的字体和装饰元素的分析结果。很多这样的出版物同时使用各种各样的字体。根据间接资料,这些书可以追溯到19世纪60年代。它们最初可能被认为是sammelbände,因为纸张的类型随着字体的变化而变化。然而,在从一种字体转换到另一种字体的过程中,文本的完整性破坏了这种假设。这篇文章提出了如何解释这类出版物的特点的问题。没有一维的答案。然而,作者提出了一些建议:有可能在某个时候,印刷机是分散的,几台印刷机放在不同的房子里。当产量比较大的时候,材料被分出来,在这些单独的印刷机上印刷。然而,这个假设引发了一个问题:为什么用一种字体打印的文本块不是按顺序依次排列的?这篇文章包含了作者确定的打印机字体和艺术元素的示例。
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Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing
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