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The Cultural Landscape of Siberia in the Spiritual Literature of the Second Half of the 19th Century: Imaginary and Social Geography 19世纪下半叶精神文学中的西伯利亚文化景观:想象与社会地理学
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/27/6
I. A. Ayzikova
The relevance of the problem of the article is connected not only with the interest of modern literary studies in its historical-literary, socio-literary, imagological aspects. It is also actualized by the global “friend-or-foe” conflict that has escalated in the 21st century. Of particular interest in this regard is the Siberian socio-cultural space, which has been formed and continues to be formed as a transboundary area as a result of constant migrations and interactions of different cultures, and Siberian literature, which reflects this complex reality in texts of different genres, types, and genera, and simultaneously forming it. A special place in the verbal culture of the region belongs to spiritual literature, initially the most important factor in the formation of the cultural landscape of Siberia, which authoritative philological works prove. However, the consideration of the heritage of the Siberian Orthodox clergy, taking into account the reflection in it of the transboundary nature of the cultural landscape of Siberia and its influence on the formation of the latter, has never become an object of scientific consideration. Defining Siberian spiritual literature as the object of research, the author means works in line with the Christian worldview created by the Siberian Orthodox clergy: representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church, most often transferred to Siberia from the central regions of Russia, as well as Orthodox missionaries traveling to Siberia and living there with the aim of spreading Christianity. The corpus of Siberian spiritual literature of the second half of the 19th century, which certainly expands our ideas about the composition and boundaries of Siberian literature of the pre-revolutionary period, reflects the construction of the Siberian socio-cultural space in a very peculiar way - within the framework of imaginary and social geography. In these texts, Siberia appears as a space personally perceived by the author, as a landscape generated by the perception of the text, and as an institutionally structured space in which literature is considered as one of the interacting socio-cultural fields, and therefore as an instrument for the formation of the cultural landscape of the territory (including its literary process), regional identity, and as an organizer of social interactions. According to the results of the analysis, the author argues that the presented model of reflection of the cultural landscape of Siberia in the spiritual Siberian literature allows expanding the concept “transboundary area”. The concept helps describe the most important characteristics of the landscape - multilayeredness and discreteness, as well as options for interactions within it, which are the most important factor in building this landscape, achieving its stability, preserving identity in conditions of constant transformations. It is also important to emphasize the material on which the proposed model was built - spiritual Siberian l
文章问题的相关性不仅与现代文学研究在历史文学、社会文学和意象方面的兴趣有关。21世纪不断升级的全球“敌与友”冲突也体现了这一点。在这方面,特别令人感兴趣的是西伯利亚的社会文化空间,由于不同文化的不断迁移和相互作用,西伯利亚的社会文化空间已经形成并将继续形成一个跨界区域,西伯利亚文学在不同体裁、类型和属的文本中反映了这一复杂的现实,并同时形成了它。精神文学在该地区的语言文化中占有特殊的地位,它最初是形成西伯利亚文化景观的最重要因素,权威的语言学著作证明了这一点。然而,考虑到西伯利亚文化景观的跨界性质及其对后者形成的影响,对西伯利亚东正教神职人员遗产的考虑从未成为科学考虑的对象。作者将西伯利亚精神文学定义为研究对象,指的是西伯利亚东正教神职人员创作的符合基督教世界观的作品:俄罗斯东正教的代表,通常是从俄罗斯中部地区转移到西伯利亚的,以及以传播基督教为目的前往西伯利亚并生活在那里的东正教传教士。19世纪下半叶的西伯利亚精神文学语料库无疑拓展了我们对革命前西伯利亚文学的构成和边界的认识,它以一种非常独特的方式——在想象和社会地理的框架内——反映了西伯利亚社会文化空间的建构。在这些文本中,西伯利亚作为作者个人感知的空间,作为文本感知产生的景观,以及作为一个制度结构的空间,文学被认为是相互作用的社会文化领域之一,因此是形成领土文化景观(包括其文学过程),区域认同的工具,也是社会互动的组织者。根据分析结果,作者认为西伯利亚精神文学对西伯利亚文化景观的反映模式可以扩展“跨界地区”的概念。这个概念有助于描述景观最重要的特征——多层次和离散性,以及其中的相互作用选择,这是构建景观,实现其稳定性,在不断变化的条件下保持身份的最重要因素。同样重要的是,要强调所提出的模式所依据的材料——西伯利亚精神文学,它为西伯利亚跨界地区的历史翻开了新的一页。
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引用次数: 0
The Concept “Family” in the Oral Autobiographical Stories of Siberians 西伯利亚口述自传体故事中的“家庭”概念
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/27/3
S. V. Voloshina, T. A. Demeshkina, M. A. Tolstova
The aim of the article is to analyze the implementation of the concept “family” in the speech genre of an autobiographical story. The research material is 200 oral autobiographical stories, which were recorded in the villages of Tomsk Oblast during dialectological expeditions from 1946 till 2021. The informants are residents of villages of Tomsk Oblast; they are representatives of different types of speech culture (native speakers of dialect and literary language). All stories are characterized by a relatively stable theme, means of language implementation, and structure, which allows qualifying them as a speech genre whose communicative purpose is to tell about life from the moment of birth to the moment of communication. The novelty of the article is connected with: (1) its appeal to the problem of interaction and mutual influence of the concept and the speech genre in oral everyday discourse, (2) the identification of cognitive features of the concept, (3) the definition of factors of transformation of ideas about the family in ordinary consciousness. The analysis of the concept makes it possible to obtain new data about the speech genre of the autobiographical story and its construction. The speech genre shows the dependence of the features of the content and implementation of the concept “family” on the sphere of functioning. This factor determines the theoretical significance of the results obtained. The analysis of the concept in the speech genre is carried out using the method of modeling and description of the conceptual, figurative, and value layers in the structure of the concept. As a result of contextual analysis, 16 cognitive features were identified; they are represented in the conceptual layer of the concept “family” and actualized in the speech of informants (family size, social status, compliance with moral norms, relations between family members, attitude to work, etc.). The conceptual layer is developed in detail in the oral everyday communication of Siberians. It is represented by a large number of lexical units. The figurative layer of the concept is characterized by single actualizations. At the same time, the variety of their expression is noted: metaphor, metonymy, comparisons are used. The world of the family can form the initial and resulting spheres of metaphorical models. In the initial sphere, the world of plants (roots, mushrooms), products (noodles) is mainly reflected; the semantics of unity and kinship is actualized in the initial sphere. The value layer of the concept “family” is well represented in the oral autobiographical discourse. It indicates that the family occupies one of the main places in the system of life values of peasants. The specifics of structuring this concept in the oral everyday discourse are determined mainly by the attitudes, norms of traditional culture (the family should be large, friendly, hardworking, young members of family honor the older ones, etc.). At the same time, changes in the
本文旨在分析“家庭”概念在自传体小说话语体裁中的运用。研究材料是200个口述自传体故事,这些故事是在1946年至2021年的方言考察期间在托木斯克州的村庄记录的。举报人是托木斯克州村庄的居民;他们是不同语言文化类型的代表(方言和文学语言的母语者)。所有的故事都有一个相对稳定的主题、语言实现方式和结构,这使得它们成为一种语言类型,其交际目的是讲述从出生到交流的那一刻的生活。这篇文章的新颖之处在于:(1)它对日常口语话语中概念与话语类型的互动和相互影响问题的诉求;(2)对概念认知特征的识别;(3)对普通意识中家庭观念转变因素的定义。通过对这一概念的分析,可以获得关于自传体故事话语类型及其建构的新数据。言语体裁表现出“家庭”概念的内容特征和实施方式对功能领域的依赖。这一因素决定了所得结果的理论意义。运用概念结构中的概念层、比喻层和价值层的建模和描述方法,对言语体裁中的概念进行分析。通过语境分析,确定了16个认知特征;它们表现在“家庭”概念的概念层,并在举报人的言语中实现(家庭规模、社会地位、遵守道德规范、家庭成员之间的关系、工作态度等)。概念层在西伯利亚人的日常口语交流中得到了详细的发展。它由大量的词汇单位代表。这个概念的比喻层的特点是单一的实现。同时,还注意到其表达的多样性:隐喻、转喻、比较的使用。家庭世界可以形成隐喻模式的初始和最终领域。在初始球体中,植物(根、蘑菇)、产品(面)的世界主要体现;统一性和亲缘性的语义学在初始领域中得以实现。“家庭”概念的价值层面在口述自传体话语中得到了很好的体现。这表明家庭在农民生命价值体系中占有重要地位。在日常口头话语中构建这一概念的具体细节主要取决于传统文化的态度和规范(家庭应该是大家庭,友好,勤劳,家庭中的年轻成员尊重长辈,等等)。同时,还注意到社会历史进程所决定的家庭价值体系的变化。举报人对这些变化的评价含糊不清,对他们来说,家庭仍然是生活的主要价值之一。区域(自然的、社会的、历史的、地理的)特殊性反映在概念的实现中。
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引用次数: 0
Expressive Features of Author Subjectivity in the Literary Ego-Text (Roman Senchin’s What Do You Want?) 文学自我文本中作者主体性的表现特征(罗曼·森钦《你想要什么?》)
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/26/2
O. Shum
The modern literary process indicates the presence of a large number of fiction with documentary subcurrent: facts from the author’s biography are a very slight hyperbolization. An example of such work would be the novel What Do You Want? (2013) by a contemporary Russian writer Roman Senchin, which became the subject of consideration in this article. The synthesis of auto-documentary and literary principles in the story organizes self-narration with unsteady boundaries between the real (“factual”) and the fictional (“fictitious”). The specificity of the correlation of the factual and the fictitious is examined in this work using the method of literary criticism and contextual analysis. The immediate aim of the article is to identify the specificity of expressing the implicit method of author subjectivity in non-fiction. In the author’s opinion, the implicit way of expressing the reflective type of author subjectivity fits more harmoniously into the literary fabric of the work, enriching it with subtexts and hidden meanings. In the course of the study it has been determined that although the center of the story revolves around the everyday life of an ordinary Moscow family, Senchin’s work is not a slice-of-life novel, but a political commentary. The theme of What Do You Want?” is sociopolitical, the problematics are sociocultural. The narration of the novel undergoes an intense analyzing and coming to terms with the sociopolitical events that are highlighted in almost all of the scenes. The text implies that the writer comprehends his own political position and interprets its cause-effect relationships. In order to distance himself as much as possible from his own identity, Senchin uses the technique of “externalizing” and “assigns” the role of the narrator to a teenage girl Dasha, the prototype of which he himself cannot be. Dasha, being a narrator-observer, asks questions, including the one from the title, to herself and other characters, including the father “Roman Senchin”. The time frame for the narration is precisely established: 18 December 2011 – 26 February 2012; each part of the text is a certain day, there are six in total. However, it is not clear who marked the specific days – the real author of the story or, as he conceived, the narrator Dasha. The autofiction method of “externalizing” in combination with the factual plot allows considering What Do You Want? as an ego-text, which in its genre form is something between an excerpt from a family chronicle and a diary. Autofiction in the form of an ego-text allows the writer to implicate his reflection, organizing a space for discussion of the unquestioning “Roman Senchin” (his alter ego) and the doubting Dasha within a kind of a “mental diary” – a space of consciousness in which the author-subject and the narrator are united. “Bringing to light” this “mental” diary, the writer redirects it to a wide range of readers and thus shifts the story from the field of “literature without fiction
现代文学进程表明,大量纪实小说潜流的存在:作者传记中的事实是非常轻微的夸张。这类作品的一个例子是小说《你想要什么?》(2013),作者是俄罗斯当代作家罗曼·森钦(Roman Senchin),这也成为本文研究的主题。故事中自纪录片和文学原则的综合组织了真实(“事实”)和虚构(“虚构”)之间不稳定的界限的自我叙述。在这项工作中,使用文学批评和语境分析的方法检查了事实和虚构的相关性的特殊性。本文的直接目的是确定作者主体性隐式表达方法在非虚构文学中的特殊性。作者认为,作者主体性反思式的含蓄表达方式更能和谐地融入作品的文学结构,使作品具有潜台词和隐含意义。在研究过程中,人们确定,尽管故事的中心围绕着一个普通的莫斯科家庭的日常生活,但森钦的作品不是一部生活片段的小说,而是一部政治评论。你想要什么?是社会政治问题,问题是社会文化问题。小说的叙述经历了激烈的分析,并与几乎所有场景都突出的社会政治事件达成了协议。文本暗示作者理解自己的政治立场,并解释其因果关系。为了尽可能地将自己与自己的身份拉开距离,森钦采用了“外化”的手法,将叙述者的角色“分配”给了一个他自己无法成为原型的少女达莎。大沙作为一个叙述者和观察者,向自己和其他角色,包括父亲“罗曼·森钦”提出问题,包括标题中的问题。叙述的时间框架已确定:2011年12月18日至2012年2月26日;正文的每一部分都是一个特定的日子,总共有六个。然而,不清楚是谁标记了具体的日子——是故事的真正作者,还是他设想的叙述者达沙。自传体小说的“外化”方法与事实情节相结合,可以考虑“你想要什么?”作为一种自我文本,它的体裁形式介于家庭编年史摘录和日记之间。自我文本形式的自述小说允许作者暗示他的反思,在一种“精神日记”中组织一个讨论毫无疑问的“罗曼·森钦”(他的另一个自我)和怀疑的达莎的空间——一个作者-主题和叙述者团结在一起的意识空间。作者“揭露”了这篇“精神”日记,将其重新定向到广泛的读者,从而将故事从“没有小说的文学”领域转移到艺术领域
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引用次数: 0
The Bookplate in the Artistic Culture of Ukraine at the Turn of the 21st Century 21世纪之交乌克兰艺术文化中的书版
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/25/7
J. Romanenkova, Variety Arts
The object of research in this article is the ex-libris sphere of Ukraine in the period from the beginning of the 1990s to the present day. Ukrainian ex-libris actually began to exist in 1991, when it became possible to speak about the Ukrainian bookplate as a phenomenon of art rather than about it as a segment of Soviet graphic art. It has headily changed its character and started a different transformation since the early 1990s. Over the past 20 to 25 years, the Ukrainian bookplate not only has come out of the shadows, turning into a valuable work of art, but also has received several new roles, inheriting the stages of transformation that took place in other countries. If earlier the book plate mainly served as an identifier of the owner, had mainly an informative function and was hidden from the eyes of the public, now it has become not just a work of graphic art, but an art object that, due to its typological diversity and specific artistic qualities, quickly acquired the status of not only an exhibited work of mini-print, but also a collectible. Ex-libris is more often exhibited, it is collected by artists, graphic artists, bibliophiles, and patrons. It has become a kind of an instrument for intercultural dialogue, promoting international communication. The change in the functional charac-teristics of ex-libris, the expansion of the circle of customers, the rapid growth of inter-est in the bookplate, and the increase in demand for it provoked a change in the status of the bookplate among artists themselves. If earlier the book platewas only one of the pages of the creative biography of a number of artists, now there are many masters who specialize in it, who have turned it into the main object of their professional interest. The commercialization of the phenomenon has developed: EL has become a kind of a pass to the international art space for young artists. The Ukrainian cultural field re-ceived its center of popularization of the bookplate as a self-valuable work of art of small-form graphics in 1993, when the Ukrainian ex-libris club was created in Kyiv. In the winter of 1993/94, the first international exhibition Woman in Ex-Libris” was held in the Ukrainian capital. In 1994, the international ex-libris competition Many Reli-gions – God Is One was organized. Since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been a clear tendency to separate several leading schools. The most original, with characteristic stylistic features, schools of the modern Ukrainian bookplate became Lviv, Odessa, Kyiv, Kharkiv. There are also several hotbeds of ex-libris popularization in Ukraine, with great professionals in the field of mini-print, but they are few to speak about inde-pendent schools: Luhansk, Mukachevo, Severodonetsk, Sumy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi. In today’s art space of the country, the bookplate owes its survival primarily to collec-tors and patrons, and its main, perhaps, the only, way to preserve it in the art world is to transform it into an instru
本文的研究对象是20世纪90年代初至今的乌克兰图书馆领域。乌克兰的前图书馆实际上是在1991年开始存在的,当时人们可以把乌克兰的书板作为一种艺术现象来谈论,而不是把它作为苏联平面艺术的一部分。自20世纪90年代初以来,它迅速改变了自己的性格,开始了一场不同的转型。在过去的20到25年里,乌克兰的书板不仅从阴影中走出来,变成了一件有价值的艺术品,而且还继承了其他国家发生的转变阶段,获得了几个新的角色。如果说早期的书版主要是作为所有者的标识,主要具有信息功能,隐藏在公众的视线之外,那么现在它已经不仅仅是一件平面艺术作品,而是一件艺术品,由于其类型的多样性和特定的艺术品质,它不仅是一件迷你版画的展出作品,而且是一件收藏品。前图书馆更经常被展出,它被艺术家、平面艺术家、藏书家和赞助人收集。它已经成为一种跨文化对话的工具,促进了国际交流。图书馆功能特征的变化,顾客圈的扩大,对书板的兴趣的迅速增长,对书板的需求的增加,引起了书板在艺术家自身中地位的变化。如果说以前的书版只是一些艺术家的创作传记的其中一页,那么现在有许多专门研究它的大师,他们把它变成了他们专业兴趣的主要对象。这种现象的商业化已经发展起来:EL已经成为年轻艺术家进入国际艺术空间的一种通行证。1993年,乌克兰前图书馆俱乐部在基辅成立,书板作为一种具有自我价值的小图形艺术作品,在乌克兰文化界得到了普及的中心。1993/94年冬季,在乌克兰首都举行了第一届国际展览“图书馆中的妇女”。1994年,举办了“许多宗教-上帝是一个”国际图书馆竞赛。自20世纪90年代初以来,有一种明显的趋势,就是将几所顶尖商学院分开。最具原生态,具有鲜明风格特征的现代乌克兰书版成为利沃夫、敖德萨、基辅、哈尔科夫的流派。乌克兰也有几个前图书馆普及的温床,在迷你印刷领域有很多专业人士,但他们很少谈论独立学校:卢甘斯克,穆卡切沃,北顿涅茨克,苏米,切尔尼耶夫,切尔尼夫西。在这个国家今天的艺术空间里,书板的生存主要归功于收藏家和赞助人,而它在艺术界保存它的主要,也许是唯一的方法,就是把它变成一种跨文化对话的工具,融入国际领域,同时又不失去它的民族身份。
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引用次数: 2
Formation of Publishing Projects as a Practice-Oriented Approach to Training Students for a Bachelor’s Degree in Publishing 出版项目的形成:以实践为导向的出版专业本科人才培养
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/27/9
N. Goltsova, Snezhana A. Safronova
The article deals with issues related to project activities in the framework of training students for a bachelor’s degree in publishing and journalism at Moscow Polytechnic University. The emphasis is placed on the concept of implementing project activities in the educational process in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard and on the consideration of various practices and approaches to the implementation of this concept. The introduction of innovative methods in higher education and practice-oriented approaches in training related to professional fields have been developed in the training of students for a bachelor’s degree in publishing. The complexity of production processes and the formation of a complex of creative, organizational, legal, technological, and communication components directly affect the nature of the activity and form requirements for the competencies of a modern specialist in the media industry. This leads to a revision of approaches and the introduction of new teaching methods. At the forefront is the formation of resource links with professional industries and the implementation of the idea of training specialists who can quickly adapt to changing economic conditions and solve production problems. The project method is an important tool for the professional motivation of students for it allows them to participate in the development and creation of a project, to see the final product that has been accepted into production, has passed full publishing preparation, and has been materialized. The method of integrating projects into the educational process allows structuring and organizing students’ independent work and experimental research. Within the framework of the practice-oriented approach to teaching at Moscow Polytechnic University, various subjects of both the educational and professional environment are involved in the organization of projects so that students form the scientific and practical competencies of a BA in publishing. An innovative approach to teaching students majoring in publishing and journalism is present in various areas of training and in various formats. Moscow Polytechnic University implements diverse practices involving the use of innovative methods for solving professional problems. Among them are the use of interactive forms of conducting classes, participation in project activities, development of bachelor’s thesis topics based on the development of publication projects, participation in practice-oriented events related to publishing. The bachelor’s curriculum includes disciplines related to the modeling of publications, the formation of projects of publications and publishing houses. The bachelor’s thesis is made on the basis of a project of a publication or a publishing house; it involves research in the field of publishing management, organization of the editorial and publishing process in a publishing house, development of a marketing plan for a modern pu
本文论述了在莫斯科理工大学出版和新闻专业本科学生培训框架内与项目活动有关的问题。重点是在实施联邦州教育标准的背景下在教育过程中实施项目活动的概念,以及考虑实施这一概念的各种做法和方法。在出版学士学位学生的培养中,高等教育中采用了创新的方法,在与专业领域相关的培训中采用了注重实践的方法。制作过程的复杂性以及创意、组织、法律、技术和通信组成部分的复杂形成直接影响到活动的性质,并形成了对传媒业现代专家能力的要求。这导致了对教学方法的修订和新的教学方法的引入。最重要的是与专业行业形成资源联系,并实施培训能够迅速适应不断变化的经济条件和解决生产问题的专家的思想。项目法是学生专业动机的重要工具,因为它使他们能够参与项目的开发和创作,看到已被接受投入生产,已通过完整的出版准备并已具体化的最终产品。将项目整合到教育过程中的方法允许组织和组织学生的独立工作和实验研究。在莫斯科理工大学以实践为导向的教学方法框架内,教育和专业环境的各种学科都参与了项目的组织,以便学生形成出版学士学位的科学和实践能力。一个创新的方法来教学学生主修出版和新闻是目前在不同的培训领域和不同的格式。莫斯科理工大学实施各种实践,包括使用创新方法解决专业问题。其中包括采用互动式的授课形式、参与项目活动、基于出版项目的开发开发学士论文主题、参与与出版相关的实践活动。学士课程包括与出版物建模,出版物和出版社项目形成相关的学科。学士学位论文以出版物或出版社的项目为基础;它涉及出版管理领域的研究,组织出版社的编辑和出版过程,为现代出版社制定营销计划。使用交互式和信息交流教育技术。举办了各种关于创建出版项目的活动和讲习班。经过深思熟虑的以实践为导向的培训方法实现了项目活动的主要思想和任务——它们为学生能力的形成创造了一个多层次的系统。
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引用次数: 0
Konstantin Vysotsky and the Media Revolution in a Siberian Regional Town of the Second Half of the 19th Century 康斯坦丁·维索茨基与19世纪下半叶西伯利亚地区城镇的媒体革命
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/27/5
N. P. Dvortsova
The article describes the activities of Konstantin Vysotsky (1836-1886), who was first to open a photographic studio (1866), a lithographic studio (1867), a printing house (1869), and a newspaper (1879) in Tyumen. The first consideration of Vysotsky in the context of the history of the media and their transformations/revolutions contributes to the novelty of the research. It allows for a description of his experience of media transformations in a Siberian regional town of the second half of the 19th century in a systematic way, as opposed to the local and fragmentary descriptions which existed in science until now. The research methodology is integrative in nature: the study of book printing as a cultural practice in connection with economic, social and cultural transformations within the boundaries of cultural history (F. Barbier) is combined with contextual and intertextual approaches, bibliological and structural-typological analysis. The research material contains Vysotsky’s book, photographic, lithographic, and newspaper heritage stored in the Russian National Library, Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve, I.Ya. Slovtsov Museum Complex (Tyumen), and the Digital Collection of the University of Tyumen entitled K.N. Vysotsky and the Media Culture of Tyumen. Vysotsky is presented both as an object and a subject of the economic, technological, social, and cultural transformations of the city. He was actively and creatively changing it. Based on the analysis of Vysotsky’s journalistic and publishing activities, his role in the history of the Tyumen shipping company and railway is revealed. The connection between Vysotsky and the landscape transformations of the city is shown. The idea that Vysotsky’s figure can be interpreted in the context of the phenomenon of new people in Russia in the 1860s-1870s is introduced. It is shown that the Tyumen generation of new people (N.M. Chukmaldin, K.N. Vysotsky, I. A. Kalganov, etc.) with their daily practices (reading, self-education, movement towards “light and will”, a new order in servant-master relations) was being formed largely under the influence of Nikolay Chernyshevsky’s novel What Is to Be Done? Tales of New People (1863), Nikolai Yadrintsev’s ideas of Siberian renovation, Ivan Turgenev’s interpretation of the image of Don Quixote (Hamlet and Don Quixote, 1860). Intertextual connections of the system of motifs revealing the image of new people in Nikolai Chukmaldin’s memoirs Notes on My Life (1902) and Chernyshevsky’s novel are presented. It is established that the first book published by Vysotsky, Charter of the Estate Manager Club in Tyumen, actually became a message about a new life of the city which Vysotsky and Chukmaldin addressed to the people of Tyumen. Another finding is the logic of Vysotsky’s professional development from photography to book printing. The author discusses the structure of the Vysotsky printing house repertoire dominated by documentary and non-fiction genres
这篇文章描述了康斯坦丁·维索茨基(1836-1886)的活动,他是第一个在秋明开设摄影工作室(1866)、平版印刷工作室(1867)、印刷厂(1869)和报纸(1879)的人。维索茨基在媒体及其转型/革命的历史背景下的第一次思考有助于研究的新颖性。它允许以一种系统的方式描述他在19世纪下半叶西伯利亚地区城镇的媒体转型经历,而不是迄今为止存在于科学中的局部和零碎的描述。研究方法本质上是综合的:在文化史的边界内(F. Barbier),将书籍印刷作为一种与经济、社会和文化变革相关的文化实践研究与上下文和互文方法、书目和结构类型学分析相结合。研究资料包括维索茨基的书籍、照片、平版印刷和报纸遗产,这些遗产保存在俄罗斯国家图书馆、托博尔斯克历史和建筑博物馆保护区。斯洛佐夫博物馆综合体(秋明)和秋明大学的数字收藏,题为“维索茨基与秋明的媒体文化”。维索茨基既是城市经济、技术、社会和文化转型的客体,也是城市转型的主体。他在积极地、创造性地改变它。通过对维索茨基新闻出版活动的分析,揭示了他在秋明航运公司和铁路历史上的作用。维索茨基与城市景观变化之间的联系被展示出来。介绍了维索茨基的人物形象可以在19世纪60年代至70年代俄罗斯新人们现象的背景下解释的观点。文章表明,秋明一代新人(N.M.楚克马尔金、K.N.维索茨基、i.a.卡尔加诺夫等)的日常实践(阅读、自我教育、走向“光明和意志”的运动、仆主关系的新秩序),在很大程度上是在尼古拉·车尔尼雪夫斯基的小说《怎么办?》的影响下形成的。《新民故事集》(1863),尼古拉·雅德林塞夫的西伯利亚改造思想,伊万·屠格涅夫对堂吉诃德形象的解读(《哈姆雷特与堂吉诃德》,1860)。本文介绍了楚克马尔金回忆录《我的生活笔记》(1902)和车尔尼雪夫斯基小说中揭示新人形象的母题系统的互文联系。可以确定的是,维索茨基出版的第一本书《秋明房地产经理俱乐部章程》实际上成为了维索茨基和楚克马尔丁向秋明人民传达的关于城市新生活的信息。另一个发现是维索茨基从摄影到书籍印刷的专业发展逻辑。作者讨论了维索茨基印刷厂以纪录片和非小说类型(公路书、法规、报告、日历、目录等)为主的印刷作品的结构。由Vysotsky创作的秋明的书籍和视觉肖像(与graphosphere相关的摄影和平版印刷)的互补性促成了城市中出现的新的超现实。
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引用次数: 0
The Samizdat Generation. Book Review: Rusina, Yu.A. (2019) Samizdat v SSSR: Teksty i Sud’by [Samizdat in the USSR: Texts and Destinies]. St. Petersburg: Aleteyya; Yekaterinburg: Ural Federal University
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/26/11
T. Snigireva, A. V. Podchinenov
Samizdat materials are a huge collection of documents of different genres that can be viewed in the context of the dissident phenomenon in the USSR. Only the latest decade saw the intensive growth of scientific interest to this phenomenon, and, therefore, these historical records require further interpretation and analysis; the latter became the main purposes of the monograph reviewed. The study combines both theoretical and historical aspects of studying Soviet samizdat. The term “samizdat” is understood in its wider sense, not only as fiction prohibited for publication, but also as a product of social, political, journalistic, human rights and other activities. At the same time, emphasis is placed on historical sources that allow documenting the human rights process. Samizdat is considered in three aspects: as a phenomenon of the 20th century supplementing official culture; as a kind of self-organization, self-reflection of society, a sign of intellectual reaction and an information channel; and as a historical source that makes it possible to study Soviet society and its reaction to state policy. This enables the author to present a representative and fairly complete picture of Russian samizdat. The notion “samizdat” is thoroughly analyzed, as well as the problem of the scientific classification of samizdat documents. The new classification system is demanded to be more detailed, presenting a complex structure, which takes into account various types and content of these historical sources. Working out a well-developed classification should ensure the use of available sources and their information potential. The book describes the sources of some varieties of samizdat documents: open letters, appeals and statements of protest, court proceedings, collections of documents. In a separate chapter, self-published magazines are analyzed as one of the most convincing manifestations of the various opposition movements organizational design. Particular attention is paid to the bulletin A Chronicle of Current Events, which has played an important role in reporting on human rights violations, disseminating the ideas of human rights defenders and maintaining links between human rights groups and organizations as a consolidating information center. The first issue of the Chronicle of 1968 is presented in the book as a holistic text, from the list of headings to the definition of the semantic strategy of the periodical, its tactics of layout and design, which allows us to correlate it with the legendary Herzen’s Kolokol [Bell] both in design and in its impact on public consciousness. The bulletin structure and its main sections were formed from the first issues: “Courts”, “Arrests”, “Extra-Judicial Prosecutions”, “Searches and Interrogations”, “In Prisons and Camps”, “In Psychiatric Hospitals”, “Persecution of Believers”, “Right to Leave”, “Jewish Movement”, “Through the Pages of the Soviet press”, “In Exile”, “Official Documents”, “Samizdat News”, etc. The
地下资料是一个巨大的不同类型的文件集合,可以在苏联持不同政见者现象的背景下查看。直到最近十年,科学界才对这一现象产生了浓厚的兴趣,因此,这些历史记录需要进一步的解释和分析;后者成为本专著综述的主要目的。该研究结合了苏联地下出版物研究的理论和历史两个方面。“地下刊物”一词应从更广泛的意义上理解,不仅指禁止出版的小说,而且指社会、政治、新闻、人权和其他活动的产物。与此同时,重点放在可以记录人权进程的历史资料上。从三个方面来考虑:作为20世纪官方文化的补充现象;作为社会的一种自组织、自我反省、智力反应的标志和信息渠道;作为一个历史资料,它使研究苏联社会及其对国家政策的反应成为可能。这使作者能够提供一个具有代表性和相当完整的俄罗斯地下刊物的情况。深入分析了“地下出版物”的概念,以及地下出版物文献的科学分类问题。新的分类系统需要更加详细,呈现一个复杂的结构,它考虑到这些历史来源的各种类型和内容。制定完善的分类应确保利用现有来源及其信息潜力。这本书描述了一些地下文件的来源:公开信,上诉和抗议声明,法庭诉讼,文件收集。在另一章中,自行出版的杂志被分析为各种反对运动组织设计的最令人信服的表现之一。特别注意《时事纪事》公报,该公报在报道侵犯人权事件、传播人权维护者的思想以及作为一个综合信息中心保持人权团体和组织之间的联系方面发挥了重要作用。1968年编年史的第一期在书中作为一个整体文本呈现,从标题列表到期刊语义策略的定义,其布局和设计策略,这使我们能够将其与传说中的Herzen的Kolokol [Bell]在设计和对公众意识的影响方面联系起来。公报的结构和主要部分是由第一期组成的:“法院”、“逮捕”、“法外起诉”、“搜查和审讯”、“在监狱和集中营”、“在精神病院”、“对信徒的迫害”、“离开的权利”、“犹太运动”、“通过苏联报刊的页面”、“流亡”、“官方文件”、“地下新闻”等。对其他许多地下刊物(Politicheskiy Dnevnik[政治日记]、Obshchestvennye Problemy[社会问题]、Veche、Vestnik Spaseniya[救世先驱]、Iskhod[出埃及记]、Vestnik Iskhoda[出埃及记先驱]、Belaya Kniga Iskhoda[出埃及记白皮书]等)的分析,包括“第二文化”杂志(37、Chasy[时钟]、Obvodnoy Kanal[旁路频道]、Metrodor、Summa [Sum]、Nadezhda[希望]等),允许作者记录Igor Shafarevich的著名陈述,即我国有各种各样的独立思想,统一的原则是缺乏自由的感觉。作者通过研究地下出版物作者和开发者的传记,关注旨在分析社会和政治进程的历史话语,以及文本的历史。传记通常以页面脚注的形式给出,但它们的存在为历史和文献研究增添了“人性”(例如,V. Krasin, V. Chelidze, Yu的传记)。谢哈诺维奇,V. Rutminsky, Gr. Fedoseev等)。这本书讨论了主要品种的社会和政治地下刊物-“经典”和很少研究地下刊物文本。斯维尔德洛夫斯克的“省级”学生文学和新闻业余期刊得到了相当大的关注。年鉴《我们的创造力》(乌拉尔国立大学,1946-1949年)、《摄影》、《寻找》(乌拉尔国立大学,1956年)、《乌拉尔教育学院墙报》(《共青团的讽刺战斗机关》,1943-1960年)第一次在全联盟的背景下进行了分析。学生手稿和打字杂志是当时苏联大学的典型现象,一方面成为政治地下刊物的先兆,另一方面是创造热潮和精神热潮的结果,导致个人崇拜的暴露。 地下资料是一个巨大的不同类型的文件集合,可以在苏联持不同政见者现象的背景下查看。直到最近十年,科学界才对这一现象产生了浓厚的兴趣,因此,这些历史记录需要进一步的解释和分析;后者成为本专著综述的主要目的。该研究结合了苏联地下出版物研究的理论和历史两个方面。“地下刊物”一词应从更广泛的意义上理解,不仅指禁止出版的小说,而且指社会、政治、新闻、人权和其他活动的产物。与此同时,重点放在可以记录人权进程的历史资料上。从三个方面来考虑:作为20世纪官方文化的补充现象;作为社会的一种自组织、自我反省、智力反应的标志和信息渠道;作为一个历史资料,它使研究苏联社会及其对国家政策的反应成为可能。这使作者能够提供一个具有代表性和相当完整的俄罗斯地下刊物的情况。深入分析了“地下出版物”的概念,以及地下出版物文献的科学分类问题。新的分类系统需要更加详细,呈现一个复杂的结构,它考虑到这些历史来源的各种类型和内容。制定完善的分类应确保利用现有来源及其信息潜力。这本书描述了一些地下文件的来源:公开信,上诉和抗议声明,法庭诉讼,文件收集。在另一章中,自行出版的杂志被分析为各种反对运动组织设计的最令人信服的表现之一。特别注意《时事纪事》公报,该公报在报道侵犯人权事件、传播人权维护者的思想以及作为一个综合信息中心保持人权团体和组织之间的联系方面发挥了重要作用。1968年编年史的第一期在书中作为一个整体文本呈现,从标题列表到期刊语义策略的定义,其布局和设计策略,这使我们能够将其与传说中的Herzen的Kolokol [Bell]在设计和对公众意识的影响方面联系起来。公报的结构和主要部分是由第一期组成的:“法院”、“逮捕”、“法外起诉”、“搜查和审讯”、“在监狱和集中营”、“在精神病院”、“对信徒的迫害”、“离开的权利”、“犹太运动”、“通过苏联报刊的页面”、“流亡”、“官方文件”、“地下新闻”等。对其他许多地下刊物(Politicheskiy Dnevnik[政治日记]、Obshchestvennye Problemy[社会问题]、Veche、Vestnik Spaseniya[救世先驱]、Iskhod[出埃及记]、Vestnik Iskhoda[出埃及记先驱]、Belaya Kniga Iskhoda[出埃及记白皮书]等)的分析,包括“第二文化”杂志(37、Chasy[时钟]、Obvodnoy Kanal[旁路频道]、Metrodor、Summa [Sum]、Nadezhda[希望]等),允许作者记录Igor Shafarevich的著名陈述,即我国有各种各样的独立思想,统一的原则是缺乏自由的感觉。作者通过研究地下出版物作者和开发者的传记,关注旨在分析社会和政治进程的历史话语,以及文本的历史。传记通常以页面脚注的形式给出,但它们的存在为历史和文献研究增添了“人性”(例如,V. Krasin, V. Chelidze, Yu的传记)。谢哈诺维奇,V. Rutminsky, Gr. Fedoseev等)。这本书讨论了主要品种的社会和政治地下刊物-“经典”和很少研究地下刊物文本。斯维尔德洛夫斯克的“省级”学生文学和新闻业余期刊得到了相当大的关注。年鉴《我们的创造力》(乌拉尔国立大学,1946-1949年)、《摄影》、《寻找》(乌拉尔国立大学,1956年)、《乌拉尔教育学院墙报》(《共青团的讽刺战斗机关》,1943-1960年)第一次在全联盟的背景下进行了分析。学生手稿和打字杂志是当时苏联大学的典型现象,一方面成为政治地下刊物的先兆,另一方面是创造热潮和精神热潮的结果,导致个人崇拜的暴露。
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引用次数: 0
LITERARY AND EDITING STUDIES IN THE CLASSROOM: EXPERIMENTAL TEXTUAL AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS 课堂上的文学和编辑研究:实验文本和语境分析
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/25/8
G. Koneczniak
The aim of the article is to demonstrate the connection between literary and editorial studies and their mutual dependence in the process of analysing and interpreting texts of literature on the basis of a passage from Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim. In this essay, significant outcomes will be reported to, later, show the specific analysis of the literary passage in the process of answering questions from textual through contextual considerations.
本文旨在以约瑟夫·康拉德的《吉姆勋爵》中的一段话为基础,在分析和解释文学文本的过程中,论证文学研究与编辑研究之间的联系及其相互依存关系。在这篇文章中,重要的结果将被报告,然后,通过上下文考虑从文本回答问题的过程中对文学段落进行具体分析。
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引用次数: 0
The Polylingual Tables of Vasily Zhukovsky’s Initial Course of Study in the Context of Children’s Board Games of the F irst Half of the 19th Century 19世纪上半叶儿童桌游语境下的茹科夫斯基初级课程中的多语表
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/27/4
N. Panina
In the early 1850s, Vasily Zhukovsky develops tables with drawings of objects and phenomena and their coded names in four languages. The consistent use of visual didactics in them looks quite innovative against the background of textbooks of the time. The tables are part of the Initial Course of Study, which Zhukovsky was developing in the last years of his life. By that time he had already accumulated considerable experience in teaching Russian as a foreign language on the basis of his own handmade visual aids. Most of the tables are filled with plotlike images, but some also contain symbols, diagrams and maps. The variety of plot and composition solutions in the drawings deserves special attention. This specifically concerns plots, which are independent and developed. The drawings contain details which considerably supplement the basic meaning of the word, they are obviously designed for close examination, comparison and interpretation. The visual emphasis on letters and pictures seems to qualify the manual developed by Zhukovsky as a polylingual picture book, but the usual aims and objectives of an ABC book are here considerably more complicated. The textbook has many more parallels with the board games of that time. It can be seen as an organic continuation of the tradition of “useful” family board games as it displays affinity with them not only at the level of visual and spatial solution, visual and tactile form, but also at the level of mechanisms of interaction of a child with the handbook. It is in the sphere of board games that Zhukovsky finds means to solve the tasks of visual learning set by leading European teachers; such learning would lead a child from sensually perceived concreteness to the formation of concepts. The greatest parallels with Zhukovsky’s tables are found, firstly, in games with ruled cardboard fields. Secondly, word games (charades, rebuses, riddles) clearly influenced the development of the tables. The tables use all the principal advantages of board games in terms of visual learning: bright visual, tactile and spatial landmarks, compact information transfer in the form of diagrams and symbols, informative richness of all game elements, a variety of visual elements. Games on a ruled cardboard field also have plots, though manipulation with the field and chips, acquaintance with drawings and texts in squares on the field in such games always realize a very simple plot. Since for Zhukovsky the main plot a child should be introduced to in the learning process was the universal connection of concepts, the fields of tables, drawings and names extracted by decoding should lead a pupil towards an understanding of the relationship between objects and phenomena of this world. Within the framework of the emblematic tradition, which was still alive in Russian culture in the first half of the 19th century and which Zhukovsky never set out to destroy or overcome, interpretations of combinations of concepts and images presented
19世纪50年代早期,瓦西里·茹科夫斯基(Vasily Zhukovsky)用四种语言绘制了物体和现象的图表以及它们的代号。在当时的教科书背景下,它们对视觉教学的一贯使用看起来很有创新性。这些表格是茹科夫斯基在他生命的最后几年创作的《初步学习课程》的一部分。到那时,他已经在自己手工制作的视觉教具的基础上积累了相当多的俄语教学经验。大多数表格都充满了类似图表的图像,但也有一些表格包含符号、图表和地图。图纸中各种各样的情节和构图方案值得特别注意。这特别涉及到情节,情节是独立和发展的。这些图纸包含的细节大大补充了这个词的基本含义,它们显然是为了仔细检查、比较和解释而设计的。视觉上对字母和图片的强调似乎使茹科夫斯基开发的手册有资格成为一本多语言图画书,但一本ABC书的通常目的和目标在这里要复杂得多。这本教科书与当时的棋盘游戏有更多相似之处。它可以被看作是“有用的”家庭桌面游戏传统的有机延续,因为它不仅在视觉和空间解决方案、视觉和触觉形式的层面上,而且在儿童与手册的互动机制的层面上,都表现出了与家庭桌面游戏的亲和力。正是在棋盘游戏领域,茹科夫斯基找到了解决欧洲顶尖教师所设定的视觉学习任务的方法;这样的学习将引导孩子从感官感知的具体性到概念的形成。与茹科夫斯基的表格最大的相似之处,首先是在有规则的纸板场的游戏中。其次,文字游戏(猜字游戏、哑谜、谜语)明显影响了桌球的发展。这些表格利用了桌面游戏在视觉学习方面的所有主要优势:明亮的视觉,触觉和空间地标,以图表和符号形式的紧凑信息传递,所有游戏元素的信息丰富性,各种视觉元素。在棋盘棋盘上的游戏也有情节,尽管在这类游戏中,对棋盘和筹码的操纵,对棋盘上的图画和文字的熟悉,总是能实现一个非常简单的情节。因为对于茹科夫斯基来说,孩子在学习过程中应该被引入的主要情节是概念的普遍联系,通过解码提取的表格、图画和名字的领域应该引导学生理解这个世界上的物体和现象之间的关系。在象征传统的框架内,这种传统在19世纪上半叶的俄罗斯文化中仍然存在,茹科夫斯基从未打算破坏或克服它,对他的表格中呈现的概念和图像组合的解释必须自由发展,服从学生的个人联想链。与此同时,这些联想被引导到正确的方向,因为视觉系列的结构预先决定了孩子的行为。在比较一个单元格内的元素之后,再比较一列、一行、整个表和整个表复合体的单元格。通过这种方式,一个孩子向概括发展;他/她在《基础课程》的记忆构建逻辑的指导下,展示了历史、地理、物理、自然历史、艺术史等事实之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
The Plot About the Book and Reading in Satirical Magazines of 1769–1774 1769-1774年讽刺杂志中关于书和阅读的情节
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/25/6
T. Rozhkova
The interest that modern human science shows in the Enlightenment as time still continues and has become one of the reasons to examine the periodicals of the 1760s and 1770s as part of its complex social and cultural process. Separating a specific cul-tural practice for analysis allowed concentrating on identifying some anthropological senses in cultural changes and some ways of coping with current conflicts. The author of the article observes how the magazines that are identified as satirical (Truten’, Zhivopisets, Vsyakaya Vsyachina, Adskaya Pochta, Smes’, and others) make a dialogue between the book and reading. The significance of this topic is the early discussion on the problem of educating the nobility that was held in the society. In the 1760s and 1770s, the topic became popular in a new way because of the ideas of Catherine the Great to educate people “of a new brand”. To solve the problem, the government started to reor-ganize educational institutions whose programs began to include secular science, books and art. However, home schooling remained closed for changes. There, medieval spiritual books still dominated because “aunties”-tutors (so-called “starushki”) were afraid of any cultural innovations. The well-known thesis that, in the second part of the century, the authority of medieval texts became weaker is proved by different magazine articles that were based on the daily experience and examinations of contemporaries who were the witnesses of the cultural changes and who had to choose what to read, where and how to teach their children. In publications of different genres, we can notice that the press con-tinued to value the book and reading as a good way to learn and educate. Besides, medie-val texts appeared to be something that favored superstitious views on the Universe. In the then contemporary satirical ideas, medieval books marked the changing generation of readers. Some examples of parents’ sanctimonious views on religious beliefs, disrespect towards governmental rules, cruel treatment of serfs degraded the value of reading medie-val books. On the contrary, positive heroes showed interest in the new secular knowledge and books, tried to become well-read and study foreign languages, to be capable of making a free choice. To bring up such a noble person was only possible if their parents were thoughtful to their children’s natural proclivity and to the choice of their tutors, and were sensitive to governmental changes. Generations that could stop reading Old Russian books were changing their reading habits. They became free in choosing books and in reading them critically. The trend to be well-read made reading more dynamic.
随着时间的推移,现代人类科学对启蒙运动的兴趣仍然在继续,这已经成为研究18世纪60年代和70年代期刊的原因之一,作为其复杂的社会和文化进程的一部分。将特定的文化实践分离出来进行分析,可以集中精力识别文化变化中的一些人类学意义,以及应对当前冲突的一些方法。这篇文章的作者观察了被认定为讽刺的杂志(Truten、Zhivopisets、Vsyakaya Vsyachina、Adskaya Pochta、Smes等)如何在书与阅读之间进行对话。这一课题的意义在于早期社会对贵族教育问题的讨论。在18世纪60年代和70年代,由于凯瑟琳大帝教育人们“新品牌”的想法,这个话题以一种新的方式流行起来。为了解决这个问题,政府开始重组教育机构,其课程开始包括世俗科学、书籍和艺术。然而,由于变化,家庭教育仍然关闭。在那里,中世纪的精神书籍仍然占主导地位,因为“阿姨”——导师(所谓的“starushki”)害怕任何文化创新。众所周知,在本世纪下半叶,中世纪文本的权威变得越来越弱,这一论点得到了不同杂志文章的证明。这些文章基于当代人的日常经验和考试,这些当代人是文化变革的见证人,他们不得不选择读什么,在哪里以及如何教育他们的孩子。在不同类型的出版物中,我们可以注意到,新闻界继续重视书籍和阅读,认为这是一种学习和教育的好方法。此外,中世纪的文本似乎倾向于迷信的宇宙观。在当时的当代讽刺思想中,中世纪的书籍标志着读者的变化。父母对宗教信仰的虚伪看法、对政府规则的不尊重、对农奴的残酷对待等一些例子降低了阅读中世纪书籍的价值。相反,积极的英雄表现出对新的世俗知识和书籍的兴趣,努力成为博览群书和学习外语,能够做出自由的选择。要培养出这样一个高尚的人,只有当他们的父母考虑到孩子的天性,考虑到他们对导师的选择,并对政府的变化敏感。几代人可以停止阅读古老的俄罗斯书籍,他们正在改变自己的阅读习惯。他们可以自由地选择书籍和批判性地阅读。博览群书的趋势使阅读更具活力。
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