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Perception of pictorial text: Problematization, actualization, new methodological approaches 图像文本的感知:问题化、实现化、新的方法论方法
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/30/3
Tatiana L. Vorobyeva, I. A. Ayzikova
The problems of perception of various types and formats of texts that have been formed over a long historical period and are rapidly transforming into the digital and the coming post-digital era are in the research focus of a number of humanities disciplines. It is texts and their perception that are today an actual research platform for solving the fundamental scientific problem of modern communication. This article actualizes and problematizes the question of the nature and perception of visual content, which is becoming urgent today, forming the paradigm of the so-called visual research. The stated problem is considered taking into account its interdisciplinarity and the factors that have determined the strengthening of visuality in modern conditions. The article analyzes the discussions that have been going on since the second half of the twentieth century about visuality and visualization, as well as about the peculiarities of the perception of pictorial texts, the specifics of which in a particular era are determined by (1) historically conditioned visual and cultural norms, perceptual models that are formed under the influence of semiosociopsychological factors of modernity, (2) topics, the arsenal of supra-temporal universal constant perception structures formed in the centuries-old practice of human interaction with pictorial sign systems. The authors pay special attention to visual narrative - a generic concept of isocontent. Without claiming to fully characterize it, they highlight, based on existing research, the paradigm of its definitions, the features of its functioning and perception. The emphasis is placed on the uniqueness of visual language and visual thinking, on the internal verbality of the pictorial text, on its semiotic codes and semantic connectives, as well as on the transformations of the language of the visual narrative in the process of its perception. The transformations are reduced to a simultaneous and interrelated process of receiving a polycode text in two languages - verbal and visual - at once. Having analyzed different approaches to the pictorial text and its perception, the authors infer that, with a certain unity of views on the nature of the pictorial text and its reception, there are different opinions on the problem of its “regulation”: from the complete rejection of any interference with the skills and abilities of the “art of seeing” (reading visual text) to the development of specific teaching methods of such art. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that, for all their importance, it is not so much the author’s strategies for creating pictorial texts that are in a strong position, but rather the background knowledge (cultural memory) of recipients, their experience of communication with isocontent (the level of mastery of visual code, reading visual narrative, decoding pictorial texts and their transcoding, for example, in verbal text; finally, interpretation skills acquired in the intermediate proce
在漫长的历史过程中形成并迅速向数字化和后数字化时代转变的各种文本类型和格式的感知问题是许多人文学科研究的重点。今天,文本及其感知是解决现代传播基本科学问题的实际研究平台。本文将视觉内容的本质与感知问题具体化并提出问题,形成了所谓视觉研究的范式。考虑到所述问题的跨学科性和决定在现代条件下加强视觉性的因素。本文分析了自20世纪下半叶以来一直在进行的关于视觉和可视化的讨论,以及关于图像文本感知的特殊性,其在特定时代的具体特征取决于(1)历史条件下的视觉和文化规范,在现代性的符号社会心理学因素的影响下形成的感知模型,(2)主题,在人类与图形符号系统互动的几个世纪的实践中,形成了超时间普遍恒定感知结构的武库。作者特别关注视觉叙事——同内容的一般概念。虽然没有完全描述它的特征,但在现有研究的基础上,他们强调了其定义的范式,其功能和感知的特征。重点是视觉语言和视觉思维的独特性,图像文本的内在言语性,其符号代码和语义连接,以及视觉叙事语言在感知过程中的转换。转换被简化为同时接收两种语言(口头语言和视觉语言)的多码文本的相互关联的过程。通过对图像文本及其感知的不同途径的分析,作者推断,在对图像文本的性质及其接受有一定统一的看法的情况下,对图像文本的“规范”问题有不同的看法:从完全拒绝对“观看艺术”(视觉文本阅读)的技能和能力的任何干扰,到制定图像文本的具体教学方法。综上所述,本文强调,尽管作者创作图片文本的策略很重要,但它们的优势并不在于作者的创作策略,而在于接受者的背景知识(文化记忆),他们与等内容交流的经验(对视觉编码的掌握程度,阅读视觉叙事,解码图片文本及其在口头文本中的转换编码);最后,在感知不同类型和格式的iso内容的中间过程中获得的口译技能-所有这些,根据文章的作者,不仅允许有能力的管理,而且还需要它。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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引用次数: 1
Book review: Tatsumi, Y. & Tsurumi, T. (eds) (2020) Publishing in Tsarist Russia: A history of print media from Enlightenment to Revolution. London: Bloomsbury Academic. 280 р.
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/29/10
I. Bogomolov
The monograph is dedicated to the broad topic of the development of printing and publishing in Russia in the 18th - early 20th centuries. The study is not generalizing: this task is too complex and multifaceted. The authors touched upon different and at the same time interrelated subjects, some of which were practically not previously investigated. The reviewer notes that the project is based on Japanese historians and literary critics, which once again shows the productive work of Japanese historiography of late imperial Russia. Nine chapters of the monograph are divided into three parts according to the key periods: XVIII-XIX, XIX-XX centuries. and the eve of the 1917 Revolution. At the same time, thematic blocks are visible in each part. The first focuses on the Russian language and literature during the period of their transformation into a part of world culture. Y. Toriyama highlights the activities of the Society Striving for the Translation of Foreign Books created by Catherine II. A.I. Reitblat draws attention to the formation of the very concept of Russian classical literature. H. Kaizawa makes an attempt to rethink the “reactionary” 1880s, noting the importance of this period for the development of Russian literature, recognition of its importance and influence in Russia and around the world. The second part focuses on the development of the press of the peoples of the empire and the role of foreigners. The importance of the latter is noted by Y. Tatsumi, who speaks about several immigrants from Poland and Germany who managed to create large publishing firms in Russia in the second half of the 19th century. T. Inoue analyzes in detail the influence of the Russian press on the national identity and representation of the Kalmyks. D. Ross tells about the development of newspapers and magazines in the Tatar language, and A. Sakurama about the publishing activities of the baptized Tatars. Finally, the third part focuses on the impact of the 1905 Revolution and World War I on print and publishing. M. Stockdale examines in detail the period of 1914-1918, noting the importance of the press in the interest of Russian society in the events on the fronts of the war. T. Tsurumi briefly describes the situation and development of the Zionist press in Siberia and Chinese Harbin on the eve and during the Revolution and the Russian Civil War. On the whole, the monograph leaves the impression of a thorough work, in which important and interesting plots, though often poorly covered in historiography, are raised. Perhaps, there is a lack of a more detailed analysis of the development of the press during the revolutionary period, but this does not reduce the merits of the book, a rare example in modern historiography of late imperial Russia. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
该专著致力于18世纪至20世纪初俄罗斯印刷和出版发展的广泛主题。这项研究并不是泛化的:这项任务太复杂,涉及多个方面。作者触及了不同的,同时又相互关联的主题,其中一些实际上以前没有研究过。审稿人指出,该项目以日本历史学家和文学评论家为基础,这再次显示了日本帝国晚期俄罗斯历史编纂的丰硕成果。本专著共九章,按照十八至十九世纪、十九至二十世纪的关键时期分为三部分。1917年革命前夕同时,每个部分都可以看到主题块。第一部分着重于俄罗斯语言和文学在其转变为世界文化的一部分的时期。鸟山强调了叶卡捷琳娜二世创立的“外国图书翻译协会”的活动。A.I. Reitblat将注意力集中在俄罗斯古典文学概念的形成上。H. Kaizawa试图重新思考“反动的”19世纪80年代,注意到这一时期对俄罗斯文学发展的重要性,承认其在俄罗斯和世界各地的重要性和影响。第二部分主要论述了帝国民族新闻的发展和外国人的作用。Tatsumi提到了后者的重要性,他谈到了几个来自波兰和德国的移民,他们在19世纪下半叶成功地在俄罗斯创建了大型出版公司。T. Inoue详细分析了俄罗斯媒体对卡尔梅克人的民族认同和表现的影响。D. Ross讲述了鞑靼语报纸和杂志的发展,A. Sakurama讲述了受洗鞑靼人的出版活动。最后,第三部分侧重于1905年革命和第一次世界大战对印刷出版的影响。斯托克代尔详细考察了1914年至1918年这段时期,指出了媒体在战争前线事件中对俄罗斯社会利益的重要性。Tsurumi简要介绍了在俄国革命前夕和俄国内战期间,西伯利亚和中国哈尔滨的犹太复国主义报刊的情况和发展。总的来说,这部专著给人的印象是一部彻底的作品,其中提出了重要而有趣的情节,尽管在史学中往往很少被提及。也许,缺乏对革命时期新闻界发展的更详细的分析,但这并不影响这本书的价值,它是俄罗斯帝国晚期现代史学中罕见的例子。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Language representation of the literary subconcept “childhood” in Charles Dickens’s books 狄更斯作品中文学子概念“童年”的语言表征
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/28/3
V. Katermina, Y. Ivanova
The article highlights the peculiarities of understanding the categories “literary concept” and “literary text” at the modern stage of language science development. The authors clarify the choice of the approach towards the analysis of literary concepts - from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, present a brief description of factors that influence the inner world of characters of Dickens’s books -the reflection of the social policy of England of that time. Employing a “semantico-cognitive” approach towards language analysis, the authors explain the main characteristics of the approach, define “cognitive interpretation” as a unique component of the “semantico-cognitive” method, which makes the analysis different from other approaches towards language study and gives an opportunity to achieve the most reliable results. The authors also describe peculiarities of implementing the “semantico-cognitive” approach, list additional methods used for working with the literary concept, mainly corpus linguistics methods: compiling of the corpus of texts, contextual analysis, compiling of concordance, qualitative analysis, descriptive method. The practical part begins with the description of results received via the semantic analysis of the subconcept “childhood”. During the analysis, a variety of semes has been identified; their hierarchy and percentage ratio are described. Further, the variety of semes is compressed into several cognitive characterisics by means of cognitive interpretation. The cognitive characteristics are the following: kindness, happiness, basis for life, blemish, unhappiness, game and study. The cognitive characteristics are organized in the form of fields of the subconcet “childhood”, where the most frequently verbalized, or pre-nuclear, one is “kindness”, and it is, presumably, the most important one for the author. All other characteristics are described in descending order, where “game and study” is the least frequently verbalized characteristic, it is of a backgound nature and is used for describing children’s routine. The graphic model describing the results of the research and its decoding are presented. The conceptual analysis is followed by examples from Charles Dickens’s books. The examples describe the cases of verbalization of different cognitive characteristics of the subconcept “childhood” that are parts of the context of the books Oliver Twist, Hard Times, A Christmas Carol, A Walk in a Workhouse. Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article.
文章强调了在语言科学发展的现代阶段,对“文学概念”和“文学文本”这两个范畴的理解具有特殊性。作者从认知语言学的角度阐明了文学概念分析方法的选择,简要描述了影响狄更斯作品中人物内心世界的因素,反映了当时英国的社会政策。采用“语义-认知”方法进行语言分析,作者解释了该方法的主要特点,并将“认知解释”定义为“语义-认知”方法的独特组成部分,这使得该分析不同于其他语言研究方法,并为获得最可靠的结果提供了机会。作者还描述了实施“语义-认知”方法的特点,列举了使用文学概念的其他方法,主要是语料库语言学方法:文本语料库编制、语境分析、一致性编制、定性分析、描述性方法。实践部分首先描述了通过对子概念“童年”的语义分析得到的结果。在分析过程中,已经确定了各种各样的符号;描述了它们的层次结构和百分比比例。进一步,通过认知解释将语素的多样性压缩为若干认知特征。认知特征有:善良、快乐、生活的基础、缺陷、不幸、游戏和学习。这些认知特征以子概念“童年”的领域的形式组织起来,其中最常被口头表达的或前核的是“善良”,这可能是作者最重要的一个领域。所有其他特征都是按降序描述的,其中“游戏和学习”是最不常用的语言特征,它具有背景性质,用于描述儿童的日常活动。给出了描述研究结果的图形模型及其解码。概念分析之后是查尔斯·狄更斯作品中的例子。这些例子描述了“童年”子概念的不同认知特征的语言化案例,这些案例是《雾都孤儿》、《艰难时期》、《圣诞颂歌》、《济贫院漫步》等书的一部分。作者的贡献:作者对本文的贡献是平等的。
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引用次数: 0
Oriental sketches by Mikhail Lermontov from the Notebook Presented by Vladimir Odoyevsky: The history of the text and semantic architectonics 米哈伊尔·莱蒙托夫的东方素描,来自弗拉基米尔·奥多耶夫斯基的笔记本:文本和语义建筑学的历史
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/29/1
I. Kiseleva, K. Potashova
The aim and objectives of the study are determined by the need to reconstruct an authentic text, whose reception allows clarifying the specifics of Lermontov’s ethnographism and psychologism when creating an artistic image in the “Oriental” sketches “Correcting with a Lily Hand ...” and “On a Cloak Under the Shade of a Plane Tree ...”. The specific toolkit for analysis is the use of the primary source: its description and the compilation of a diplomatic transcription. The theoretical and methodological basis is textual, structural-semantic and cultural-historical approaches to the study of a literary text. All publications of texts are sequentially considered: from the first edition by A.A. Kraevsky in Otechestvennye zapista to the academic edition of 2014. As a result of the study, the authors have found that in all editions of the sketches there are discrepancies with autographs. In a number of cases, editorial corrections were justified, since they were associated with bringing the text to the linguistic standard, deviations from which Lermontov allowed due to the draft nature of the texts. The authors explain the swap of verses, the reasons for correcting proper names in Lermontov’s autographs; reveal incorrect publishing corrections that weaken the artistic impact of the text and belittle the skill of Lermontov as a psychologist and his ethnographic awareness; outline the role of exotic Oriental vocabulary and its changes: to recreate the Oriental color as conditioned by socio-cultural and psychological aspects. The authors propose a reasoned reconstruction of the authentic text of the sketches, which are presented as a single concept. The authors prove that the sketches are characterized by stylistic unity and are in line with Lermontov’s “Oriental” text as a whole. Their structural and conceptual study confirms that Lermontov’s works of 1841 are characterized by a synthesis of romantic and realistic principles of depiction with the priority of the realistic method. The authors draw conclusions about the aesthetic principles of Lermontov’s depiction of an “Oriental” person - about the peculiarities of characters’ individualization and typology, and determine ways of explicating the Oriental flavor. The authors show that Lermontov’s ethnographic observations concentrate on the “Oriental” topos and are characterized by accuracy, deep immersion in Caucasian ethnopsychology. The systematic analysis and the results of the reconstruction of the sketches “Correcting with a Lily Hand ...” and “On a Cloak Under the Shade of a Plane Tree ...” give grounds to speak about their importance for drawing up an integral idea of Lermontov’s creative process, including due to the small number of his draft autographs. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
研究的目的和目标是由重建真实文本的需要决定的,它的接受允许澄清莱蒙托夫在“东方”素描“用百合的手纠正……”中创造艺术形象时的民族志和心理主义的细节。和“在一棵梧桐树下的斗篷上……”分析的具体工具是使用主要来源:其描述和外交抄本的汇编。文学文本研究的理论和方法基础是文本、结构-语义和文化-历史方法。所有出版的文本按顺序考虑:从A.A. Kraevsky在Otechestvennye zapista的第一版到2014年的学术版。研究的结果是,作者发现在所有版本的草图中都有与亲笔签名不符的地方。在许多情况下,编辑更正是合理的,因为它们与使文本符合语言标准有关,莱蒙托夫允许的偏离是由于文本的草稿性质。作者解释了诗句的互换,在莱蒙托夫的签名中纠正专有名称的原因;揭示不正确的出版更正,削弱了文本的艺术影响,贬低了莱蒙托夫作为心理学家的技巧和他的民族志意识;概述了外来东方词汇的作用及其变化:在社会文化和心理方面的条件下重新创造东方色彩。作者提出了一个合理的重建草图的真实文本,这是一个单一的概念。作者论证了这些小品具有风格统一的特点,整体上符合莱蒙托夫的“东方”文本。他们的结构和概念研究证实,莱蒙托夫1841年的作品的特点是综合了浪漫主义和现实主义的描绘原则,以现实主义的方法为优先。作者总结了莱蒙托夫塑造“东方”人物的美学原则——人物的个性化和类型学特点,并确定了东方韵味的表现方式。作者认为,莱蒙托夫的民族志观察集中在“东方”主题上,其特点是准确、深入地沉浸在高加索民族心理学中。对《百合手校正》速写进行了系统的分析,并得出了重建的结果。和“在梧桐树树荫下的斗篷上……”给出了理由来谈论它们对莱蒙托夫创作过程的整体概念的重要性,包括由于他的草稿签名数量很少。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
“Dyr bul shchyl / ube sh shchur” by Alexei Kruchenykh: The logic of variations Alexei Kruchenykh的“Dyr bushchyl / ube shshchur”:变化的逻辑
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/30/5
T. Koreñkova
Genesis and evolution of Alexei Kruchenykh’s poem “Dyr bul shchyl” (1912/1913) and the logic of evolution of the later author’s lifetime variations, as well as its perceptions and transformations in Russian culture, are analyzed by methods of genetic criticism. The article emphasizes that it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the lithographic method of printing in the first edition of Kruchenykh’s abstruse verses for the reconstruction and interpretation of the creative impulses at the time of ecstatic impromptu. The article, using methods of textual and genetic criticism, states a significant textual variability of Kruchenykh’s notorious poem “Dyr bul shchyl” (1913) and points out the remaining challenge of the uninfluenced final authorial intention. The hidden logic of the poem’s textual transformations was revealed by the analysis of a compiled chronological table of version changes (1913-1927/28). The article describes, how in order to get the effect of phonetic poetry (“universal language” and “language of the Universe”) Kruchenykh attempted from older versions to newer versions, step by step to destroy / overmusicalize and “disword” words / blur the spontaneous “echo” of morphological, semantic, sound-symbolic and topic-comment (theme-rheme) structures. The article offers arguments in favor of the hypothesis that at a moment of ecstatic impromptu the phrase Dyr bul arose in the futurist’s emotion-related mind as unconscious allusions to the fate of Prince Dir / voivode Dyr / Dyri (f882), “oskyldr Dyri” (?). Dyr Prince of Kiev was probably one of the first Slavic rulers converted to Christianity under the name of Il’ya (Elias; the first Christianization of Rus’ by Patriarch Photius, datable to early 867). Nestor the Chronicler made a scant mention of him in The Tale of Bygone Years (Russian Primary Chronicle). The analysis of handwriting features of Kruchenykh’s lithographic work, as well as scanning of urban legends and media sensational report on archaeological discoveries and excavation of trace of early Christians who lived in Kiev before the arrival of Prince Rurik of Novgorod (882), argues in favor of this hypothesis. An explanation why this poetic miniature, the “Black square of Russian poetry,” became one of most notorious examples of transrational poetry (zaum), despite the existence of similar texts in Russian literary tradition prior to futurism (ritual gibberish, a song from Old Russian poems collected by Kirsha Danilov, as well as poetry of Andrei Bely and Velemir Khlebnikov) is offered. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
本文运用遗传批评的方法,分析了阿列克谢·克鲁琴科诗歌《Dyr bul shchyl》(1912/1913)的起源与演变,以及克鲁琴科一生变化的演变逻辑,以及他在俄罗斯文化中的感知与转变。文章强调,要重建和解读克鲁申尼克《深奥诗篇》初版中创作冲动的创作冲动,有必要考虑到平版印刷方法的特殊性。本文运用文本和遗传批评的方法,陈述了Kruchenykh臭名昭著的诗歌“Dyr bul shchyl”(1913)的显著文本差异,并指出未受影响的最终作者意图的剩余挑战。这首诗文本转换的隐藏逻辑是通过对一份版本变化编年表(1913-1927/28)的分析揭示出来的。本文描述了为了获得音韵诗(“通用语言”和“宇宙语言”)的效果,克鲁琴科如何尝试从旧版本到新版本,一步一步地破坏/过度音乐化和“disword”词/模糊词形、语义、音-符号和话题-评论(主题-述位)结构的自发“回声”。这篇文章提供了支持这样一种假设的论据,即在狂喜的即兴时刻,Dyr bul这个短语出现在未来主义者与情感相关的头脑中,作为对王子Dir / voivode Dyr / Dyri (f882)的命运的无意识暗示,“oskyldr Dyri”(?)。基辅的德尔王子可能是最早皈依基督教的斯拉夫统治者之一,他的名字是伊莱亚斯(Il 'ya;罗斯的第一次基督教化是由族长弗提乌斯发起的,可追溯到867年初)。编年史家内斯特在《逝去岁月的故事》(俄罗斯初级编年史)中很少提到他。对Kruchenykh平版印刷作品笔迹特征的分析,以及对城市传说和媒体关于考古发现的耸人听闻的报道的扫描,以及在诺夫哥罗德亲王留里克(Rurik of Novgorod, 882)到来之前居住在基辅的早期基督徒的痕迹的挖掘,都支持了这一假设。尽管在未来主义之前,俄罗斯文学传统中也存在类似的文本(Kirsha Danilov收集的一首古俄罗斯诗歌中的仪式胡言胡语,以及Andrei别列和Velemir Khlebnikov的诗歌),但为什么这首诗歌的缩影,“俄罗斯诗歌的黑色方块”,成为最臭名昭著的超理性诗歌(zaum)的例子之一,给出了解释。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Russian-language children and youth periodicals of Latvia in the 1920s-1930s 20世纪20年代至30年代拉脱维亚俄语儿童和青少年期刊
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/29/5
E. S. Babkina, Olga V. Proskurova-Timofejeva
The article analyzes Russian-language periodicals for children and youth, published in Latvia in the 1920s-1930s. The study is based on the material of a wide range of archival sources, many of which are first introduced into scholarly discourse. After the October Revolution of 1917, the Russian diaspora of Latvia, which consisted of the indigenous local population, was replenished with refugees from the Russian Empire. A significant part of the emigrant flow were children. In order to prevent the loss of national and cultural identity, of historical memory, and of their native language, Russian emigrants turned to the publication of newspapers and magazines for the younger generation. Children’s periodicals of Russian emigrants were based on the professional principles of classical children’s journalism, typological and formal and semantic features of prerevolutionary publications. Russian-language children and youth periodicals in Latvia in the 1920s-1930s are marked by the diversity of types of publications: handwritten and typewritten editions of educational institutions; professional press published by the Salamandra publishing house; periodicals of public and youth associations, religious organizations. The foundation of the value system transmitted to the younger generation was the focus on preserving the Russian language, the cultural heritage of pre-revolutionary Russia; general socialization; education, developing creative abilities; assistance in solving acute social problems, etc. Russian-language newspapers and magazines for children and youth of the Republic of Latvia were created by teachers, professional publishers, editors and journalists, as well as by non-professionals - religious, public and political figures who were not indifferent to the problems of childhood. The creators’ activities contributed to the fact that the majority of Russian emigrant children not only retained the awareness of their belonging to Russia, the Russian language, traditions, cultural values, but also successfully integrated into the Latvian society, became full citizens of the country of residence. The study of the Russian-language children and youth periodicals of Latvia made it possible to conclude that the most favorable conditions for the publishing activity of Russian emigrants in Latvia were created before 1934, during the existence of a parliamentary republic. The policy of forcible assimilation of “non-Latvians” proclaimed in 1934 significantly limited the autonomy of the national minorities in Latvia. Against the background of the reduction in Russian-language periodicals, the reading circle of young people was forced to expand due to publications that were not aimed at children. The accession of Latvia to the USSR in August 1940 completed the stage of the existence of the emigre press and marked a new period in the functioning of the Russian-language press of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. The authors declare no conflicts of interes
本文分析了20世纪20年代至30年代在拉脱维亚出版的俄语儿童和青少年期刊。这项研究是基于广泛的档案资料来源,其中许多是首次引入学术论述的材料。1917年十月革命后,拉脱维亚的俄罗斯侨民,由当地土著居民组成,补充了来自俄罗斯帝国的难民。移民潮中很大一部分是儿童。为了防止民族和文化特性、历史记忆和母语的丧失,俄罗斯移民转向为年轻一代出版报纸和杂志。俄罗斯移民儿童期刊以古典儿童新闻的专业原则、类型学和前革命出版物的形式语义特征为基础。20世纪20年代至30年代拉脱维亚俄语儿童和青年期刊的出版物种类繁多:教育机构的手写版和打字版;萨拉曼德拉出版社出版的专业出版社;公众和青年协会、宗教组织的期刊。传递给年轻一代的价值体系的基础是关注保护俄语,这是革命前俄罗斯的文化遗产;一般社会化;教育,培养创新能力;协助解决尖锐的社会问题等。拉脱维亚共和国面向儿童和青年的俄语报纸和杂志是由教师、专业出版商、编辑和记者以及对儿童问题并非漠不关心的宗教、公众和政治人物等非专业人士创办的。创作者的活动有助于这样一个事实,即大多数俄罗斯移民儿童不仅保留了他们属于俄罗斯的意识、俄语、传统、文化价值,而且还成功地融入拉脱维亚社会,成为居住国的正式公民。通过对拉脱维亚俄语儿童和青年期刊的研究,可以得出结论,拉脱维亚俄罗斯移民出版活动的最有利条件是在1934年以前,即议会制共和国存在期间创造的。1934年宣布的强行同化“非拉脱维亚人”的政策严重限制了拉脱维亚少数民族的自治权。在俄语期刊减少的背景下,青少年的阅读圈被迫扩大,因为出版物不是针对儿童的。拉脱维亚于1940年8月加入苏联,结束了流亡者报刊存在的阶段,标志着拉脱维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国俄语报刊运作的一个新时期。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
“The Snow Queen” with illustrations by Anton Lomaev: The possibilities of a creolized text 安东·洛马耶夫(Anton Lomaev)的插图《冰雪女王》:克里奥尔文本的可能性
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/30/7
Anastasiia N. Gubaidullina
In the 21st century, scholars are exploring book illustration not so much as one of the important components of a book, but as the basis of a book. In the newest culture, an attitude has been formed towards non-verbal signs of the text as the main, primary language addressed to the reader. The individuality of the artist is manifested in the fact that the same story, illustrated by different people, can become for the reader a new version of a single literary invariant. At the same time, a deep reception of an illustration requires visual literacy from the reader. The task is to overcome too simple, literal reading of the picture and isolate adequate meanings from the whole wealth of general cultural and personal experience, confirmed by the system of visual images. Many artists illustrated the fairy tale “The Snow Queen” by Hans Christian Andersen. An illustrator from St. Petersburg, Anton Lomaev (Loreta Publishing House, 2021), offered a modernized version of the fairy tale plot in illustration. The methods of visual semiotics help to interpret the signs and images of the creolized text of this book. Lomaev concretizes the conditional chronotope of Andersen’s fairy tale and transfers the plot to Europe of the 20th century. The main color in the book is blue. This color has complex semantics. On the one hand, in the fairy tale about the Snow Queen, it is the color of the Queen herself: snow, cold, ice fragments, lifelessness. Therefore, the influence of blue increases in those parts of the book where the mortal plot is more pronounced: the world of the evil troll (the beginning of the first chapter) and the world of the Snow Queen are made in blue tones. In general, the colors are in cold blue tones if the world is hostile and alien to the characters, and in warm restrained sepia tones if the space of home is depicted. On the other hand, in the world of the Snow Queen, cold is not only a physical phenomenon, but also a world of abstract rationality. The main conflict of the tale of Andersen, a deeply religious author, is the conflict between the spirit and the mind. Lomaev gives this conflict an additional perspective. The artist actualizes the change of thinking in the 20th century, from the patriarchal, organically combining spiritual and intellectual values, to the time of practical rationality, devoid of a spiritual beginning. Lomaev’s illustrations include many items of transport and military symbols (the figure of a soldier, a military uniform, cannons, a drum, aircraft, anti-tank hedgehogs, a military cruiser). Transport and signs of war are the leitmotifs that organize the illustrative series of the book, making the fairy tale plot more documentary, realistic, and tense. Thanks to the symbolic row, the artist clearly associates the Snow Queen’s palace with fascism. The illustrator’s intention is to point out that no social power is eternal. The artist makes the conflict of the fairy tale more universal, opposing the coldness of impersona
在21世纪,学者们正在探索的书籍插图,与其说是一本书的重要组成部分之一,不如说是一本书的基础。在最新的文化中,人们已经形成了一种态度,认为文本中的非语言符号是对读者说的主要的、主要的语言。艺术家的个性表现在这样一个事实:同一个故事,由不同的人来描绘,对读者来说可以成为单一文学不变的新版本。同时,插图的深度接收需要读者的视觉素养。我们的任务是克服对画面过于简单的字面解读,并从视觉图像系统所证实的一般文化和个人经验的整体财富中分离出足够的意义。许多艺术家为汉斯·克里斯蒂安·安徒生的童话《白雪皇后》画插图。来自圣彼得堡的插画家安东·洛马耶夫(洛雷塔出版社,2021年)提供了一个现代版本的童话情节插图。视觉符号学的方法有助于解释这本书的克里奥尔文本的符号和图像。洛马耶夫将安徒生童话的条件年表具体化,并将故事情节转移到20世纪的欧洲。这本书的主要颜色是蓝色。这种颜色具有复杂的语义。一方面,在关于白雪女王的童话故事中,它是女王本人的颜色:雪,寒冷,冰碎片,无生命。因此,蓝色的影响在书中凡人情节更明显的部分增加:邪恶巨魔的世界(第一章开始)和白雪女王的世界都是用蓝色调制作的。一般来说,如果世界对人物来说是敌对和陌生的,颜色就用冷蓝色调,如果描绘的是家的空间,颜色就用温暖克制的棕褐色调。另一方面,在冰雪女王的世界里,寒冷不仅是一种物理现象,也是一个抽象理性的世界。安徒生是一位虔诚的宗教作家,他的故事的主要冲突是精神与思想之间的冲突。洛马耶夫为这场冲突提供了另一种视角。艺术家实现了20世纪思维的变化,从精神价值与知识价值有机结合的男权时代,到缺乏精神起点的实践理性时代。洛马耶夫的插图包括许多交通工具和军事符号(士兵的形象、军装、大炮、鼓、飞机、反坦克刺猬、一艘军用巡洋舰)。交通和战争的迹象是组织这本书插图系列的主题,使童话故事情节更加纪实,现实和紧张。由于这一象征性的排布,艺术家显然将冰雪女王的宫殿与法西斯主义联系在一起。插图画家的意图是指出没有一种社会权力是永恒的。艺术家将童话的冲突变得更加普遍,将非个人权力的冷漠与家的温暖色调对立起来:一个家庭、一个小镇、一个熟悉的居住空间的形象。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Titles of editions: Between advertising and pragmatics 版本标题:广告与语用学之间
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/30/8
Irina F. Gnyusova
The title, as one of the most important elements of any publication, has a dual nature. The aim of the article is to evaluate the correlation of advertising and pragmatic functions in the titles of modern mass literature publications. The study was conducted on the basis of an experiment. Thirty-four titles of fiction publications were the material for it; these are books by the Eksmo Publishing House, published in the first half of February 2022. Respondents were asked to choose no more than five titles of books that they would like to read. After that, they had to briefly describe what they thought each selected book was about. Eighty-five people took part in the survey. Successful book titles (chosen by more than 10% of respondents) and unsuccessful ones (chosen by fewer than 5% of respondents) were taken for further research. All of them were divided into three groups - depending on how accurately the respondents were able to determine the subject, genre or content of the book. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the title of the book should clearly indicate to the potential reader what kind of work awaits them. In some cases, lexical “marking” of a genre orientation is enough for this. According to these signs, the titles Soul Catchers (“souls”: fantasy, mysticism), Looking at the Sea (“sea”: romance), People Are Stronger Than Walls (heroic pathos of comparison) and even Show of Family Secrets (“secrets”: detective, thriller) were correctly interpreted. On the contrary, the title Thrice Risen was associated with mysticism, philosophy, although the genre of the work turned out to be different. The pragmatic component can also be provided by a capacious reflection of the subject matter of the work. On this basis, the problems of books with the titles When Mom is You (“Mom”: the theme of motherhood and relationships with children) and partly Chronicles of the Asylum (“Asylum”: the theme of borderline states of the psyche) were correctly “read”. But the title A Career Requires Sacrifice can be considered unfortunate, since it evoked clear (but false) associations: the difficulty of balancing a career and personal or family life. The book title can also be associated with the text by its style. Thus, the title Looking at the Sea seemed “soft” and “lyrical” to the respondents, which corresponds to the idea of a sentimental novel. In the course of the experiment, the most serious errors of publishers when approving the title were also revealed. One of them is the choice of a title similar to another well-known one (The Mentalist, The Ice Heart). Another common problem is the ambiguity of the title when it includes completely unknown words (The Pursuit of the Pankera) or using complex metaphors (Windows in the Clouds, Rapid Jelly). It is proved that a successful title should be informative and should clearly indicate the genre, thematic focus, problems and style of the work. It also should not contain excessive pathos, should not be stereotyped
标题作为出版物最重要的组成部分之一,具有双重性。本文旨在探讨现代大众文学出版物标题中广告与语用功能的关系。这项研究是在实验的基础上进行的。34种小说出版物是它的素材;这些书是由Eksmo出版社出版的,于2022年2月上半月出版。受访者被要求选择不超过五本他们想读的书。在那之后,他们必须简要地描述他们所选择的每本书的内容。85人参与了这项调查。成功的书名(超过10%的受访者选择)和不成功的书名(少于5%的受访者选择)被进一步研究。根据受访者对书的主题、体裁和内容的判断准确度,他们被分为三组。这项研究证实了一个假设,即书名应该清楚地向潜在读者表明,他们将会看到什么样的作品。在某些情况下,针对类型的词汇“标记”就足够了。根据这些迹象,《灵魂捕手》(“灵魂”:幻想、神秘主义)、《望海》(“海”:浪漫)、《人比墙强》(对比的英雄悲怆),甚至《家庭秘密秀》(“秘密”:侦探、惊悚)的标题都得到了正确的解读。相反,《三次复活》的名字与神秘主义、哲学联系在一起,虽然作品的类型有所不同。语用成分也可以通过对作品主题的广泛反映来提供。在此基础上,《当妈妈是你》(“妈妈”:母性和与孩子的关系的主题)和部分《疯人院编年史》(“疯人院”:精神边缘状态的主题)等书的问题得到了正确的“解读”。但《事业需要牺牲》这个标题可能被认为是不幸的,因为它唤起了明确(但错误)的联想:平衡事业与个人或家庭生活的困难。书名也可以通过其风格与文本联系起来。因此,在被调查者看来,《望海》的标题是“柔软的”和“抒情的”,这与感伤小说的理念相对应。在实验过程中,还揭示了出版商在批准书名时最严重的错误。其中之一就是选择了与另一部著名电影(《超感者》、《冰心》)相似的片名。另一个常见的问题是标题的模糊性,当它包含完全未知的单词(《the Pursuit of the Pankera》)或使用复杂的隐喻(《Windows in the Clouds》、《Rapid Jelly》)时。事实证明,一个成功的标题应该是信息性的,应该清楚地表明作品的类型,主题焦点,问题和风格。它也不应该包含过多的悲情,不应该模式化,应该足够原创。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
On church singing in the Fedoseevtsy collection Paternal Testaments. Article I 在Fedoseevtsy收集父亲的遗嘱教堂歌唱。篇文章中,我
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/28/5
A. A. Mikheeva
For the first time, the article examines the chapter “On Church Singing” from Paternal Testaments, the collection of Fedoseevtsy Old Believers, which was compiled in their ideological center, Moscow Preobrazhenskoe Cemetery, to approve the rules that determined the life of Fedoseevtsy communities in the 19th century. As for church singing, the choir of the Moscow Fedoseevtsy Preobrazhenskaya community was considered exemplary among the Bespopovtsy [Priestless Old Believers] at the beginning of the 19th century. The chapter “On Church Singing” was included in the collection as a result of the appeal of regional communities to Moscow mentors for clarifications regarding liturgical practice, which makes it possible to find out what issues in this area disturbed the Old Believers. The essay was included in the final version of Paternal Testaments as one of the additional 15 chapters selected for inclusion in the book between 1805 and 1809. The chapter’s author is unknown, as well as the exact date of its creation: its writing can be confidently attributed to the second half of the 18th century. In the collection, “On Church Singing” follows at number 49 and is divided into 15 articles. Justifying the canonicity (or non-canonicity) of a particular tradition, about which, apparently, the question was asked, the author of the essay refers to a decent list of sources (ancient, Old Believer and New Believer) quoting some of them. This article examines all of these references. According to the text of the document, the teachers of the Preobrazhenskaya community approved the Old Znamenny Chant, including Stolpovoy, Demestvenny and Three Line chants, as canonical. As it appears, the Three Line singing appeared in this list only as a quote from the Stepennaya Kniga [Book of Generations], it was hardly practiced in reality. Such a widespread kind of hook singing as the Putevoy chant is not mentioned in the essay. This is possibly due to the fact that it did not raise questions, in contrast to, as it appears, the less common Demestvenny chant, to which the author of the chapter “On Church Singing” pays special attention. The texts of the chants were admitted strictly in the razdelnorechnaya edition (half of the chapter is dedicated to this question since there are a number of polemical writings and resolutions of Old Believer councils about it). As it appears, regional communities were troubled by some Greek elements in liturgical chant. The author of the chapter proves the canonicity of these elements’ use - anenaiki (special additional syllables), prayers in Greek and Svyatogorski (Athos) edition of the Theotokos hymn “It is Truly Meet”. This is the range of questions that the regional communities addressed to the Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery, and what was enshrined as a canon.
这篇文章首次检视了费多谢耶夫齐老信徒文集《父亲的遗嘱》中的“关于教堂歌唱”一章,该文集是在费多谢耶夫齐老信徒的思想中心莫斯科普列奥布拉任斯科公墓(Preobrazhenskoe Cemetery)编纂的,目的是批准19世纪决定费多谢耶夫齐社区生活的规则。至于教堂唱诗班,莫斯科Fedoseevtsy Preobrazhenskaya社区的唱诗班在19世纪初被认为是Bespopovtsy(无祭司的老信徒)中的典范。“关于教堂歌唱”这一章是由于区域社区向莫斯科导师呼吁澄清礼仪实践的结果,这使得有可能找出这方面的哪些问题使老信徒感到不安。这篇文章在1805年至1809年期间被收录在《父亲的遗嘱》的最终版本中,作为该书额外选择的15章之一。这一章的作者是未知的,以及它的确切创作日期:它的写作可以自信地归因于18世纪下半叶。《论教堂歌唱》排在第49位,共分15篇。证明某一特定传统的正典性(或非正典性),显然,这个问题被问到,这篇文章的作者引用了一份体面的来源清单(古代,旧信徒和新信徒),引用了其中的一些。本文将研究所有这些参考文献。根据该文件的文本,Preobrazhenskaya社区的教师批准了Old Znamenny圣歌,包括Stolpovoy, Demestvenny和Three Line圣歌,作为正典。正如它所显示的那样,三行歌唱出现在这个列表中只是作为Stepennaya Kniga[世代之书]的引用,它几乎没有在现实中实践过。像Putevoy吟诵这样一种普遍存在的勾唱在文章中没有提到。这可能是因为它没有提出问题,与不太常见的Demestvenny圣歌形成鲜明对比,这是“论教会歌唱”一章的作者特别关注的。圣歌的文本在razdelnorechnaya版本中得到了严格的承认(这一章有一半是专门讨论这个问题的,因为有许多关于这个问题的争论性著作和老信徒委员会的决议)。看起来,区域社区被一些希腊元素在礼拜圣歌中所困扰。这一章的作者证明了这些元素的使用- anenaiki(特殊的额外音节),希腊语祈祷和斯维亚托戈尔斯基(Athos)版的Theotokos赞美诗“It is Truly Meet”的正典。这是地区社区向普列奥布拉任斯科耶公墓提出的一系列问题,以及被奉为经典的东西。
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引用次数: 0
The reader-character in Yuri Felzen’s novel Letters about Lermontov 尤里·费尔岑的小说《莱蒙托夫书信》中的读者角色
IF 0.1 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17223/23062061/29/2
I. I. Nazarenko
The article examines the plot of reading and interpreting Mikhail Lermontov’s works by the reader-character of the novel Letters about Lermontov (1935) by Yuri Felzen, a writer of the younger generation of Russian emigration. The love conflict of the central character (he is the narrator, the author of letters to his beloved who left him) is overcome by the act of writing and the departure into the world of culture, the value center of which for him is Lermontov. Strategies for reading Lermontov by a writing character are close to the biographical method - no separation of the writer’s life and work, identification of the author with his hero (Pechorin, Demon, poetic lyrical hero). The purpose of learning Lermontov’s personality through his works (diaries, poetry, poems, the novel Hero of Our Time, etc.) is to find an existential landmark (perseverance and courage before the blows of fate) and an aesthetic principle (patience and sincerity in creative work). In self-identification with Lermontov-Pechorin, an act of self-knowledge, recognition of inconsistency with the ideal, and behavioral self-correction take place. The second line of letters about Lermontov is the formulation of the essence of literary creativity, the author’s version of the history of Russian literature and its fate in the modern world. According to the character of the novel, classical literature in the twentieth century becomes incomprehensible and unable to agitate, but, dying, it conveys its artistic discoveries to modern literature, which means that art continues to develop. Lermontov is the connecting link: he is a writer of the 19th century, but his works remain modern, because they were ahead of their time. Lermontov, according to the narrator-character, stands above Pushkin, he is the forerunner of Tolstoy and Proust, i.e., the literature of modernism that is capable of showing an incomplete world and a contradictory person, to which the central character of the novel aspires. Art in the author’s concept, as exemplified by Lermontov, is an act of self-knowledge necessary for the artist himself, but allowing one to go from observing about oneself to generalizing about human nature. Reading is the cognition of the Other and their way of being, it is approaching to the understanding of reality; reading is also the threshold for creating a text, one’s own way of being, built in dialogue with world literature. Felzen’s article “Lermontov in Russian Literature” (1938) is not development, but a concentrate of novel ideas. In critical discourse, Felzen evaluates Lermontov less categorically: he is equal to Pushkin in the sense of proportion, freedom from politics and religion. Felzen concludes: after the death of Lermontov, Russian literature was not free from the power of political and religious ideas (Gogol, Tyutchev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky). The author declares no conflicts of interests.
本文以俄罗斯年轻一代移民作家尤里·费尔岑的小说《莱蒙托夫书信集》(1935)为切入点,探讨阅读和解读莱蒙托夫作品的情节。主人公(他是叙述者,是给离开他的爱人写信的作者)的爱情冲突被写作行为和进入文化世界的行为所克服,对他来说,文化世界的价值中心是莱蒙托夫。通过写作角色阅读莱蒙托夫的策略接近传记方法——不将作家的生活和工作分开,将作者与他的英雄(Pechorin, Demon,诗意的抒情英雄)等同起来。通过莱蒙托夫的作品(日记、诗歌、诗歌、小说《我们时代的英雄》等)来学习他的个性,目的是为了找到一个存在的里程碑(命运打击前的毅力和勇气)和一个美学原则(创作中的耐心和真诚)。在与莱蒙托夫-佩奇林的自我认同中,发生了一种自我认识、对与理想不一致的认识和行为自我纠正。关于莱蒙托夫的信件的第二行是对文学创作本质的阐述,作者对俄罗斯文学史及其在现代世界中的命运的看法。从小说的性格来看,20世纪的古典文学变得难以理解,无法激越,但在死亡中,它将自己的艺术发现传递给了现代文学,这意味着艺术在继续发展。莱蒙托夫是连接的纽带:他是19世纪的作家,但他的作品仍然是现代的,因为他们走在了时代的前面。从叙述者角色的角度来看,莱蒙托夫站在普希金之上,是托尔斯泰和普鲁斯特的先驱,是小说中心人物所向往的现代主义文学,能够展现一个不完整的世界和一个矛盾的人。以莱蒙托夫为例,在作者的概念中,艺术是一种自我认识的行为,对艺术家本人来说是必要的,但允许一个人从观察自己到概括人性。阅读是对他者及其存在方式的认识,是对现实的认识;阅读也是在与世界文学对话中创造文本的门槛,这是一个人自己的存在方式。费尔岑的文章《俄国文学中的莱蒙托夫》(1938)不是发展,而是新颖思想的集中。在批评话语中,费尔岑对莱蒙托夫的评价不那么明确:他在比例感上与普希金相当,不受政治和宗教的影响。费尔岑的结论是:在莱蒙托夫死后,俄罗斯文学并没有摆脱政治和宗教思想的影响(果戈理、秋契夫、托尔斯泰、陀思妥耶夫斯基)。作者声明没有利益冲突。
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