Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献_第4页

Beyond brittleness: Functional tetracyclosiloxanes for mechanical tough and aging-stable polylactide 超越脆性：用于机械韧性和老化稳定聚乳酸的功能四环硅氧烷

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2026.111931

Julia Głowacka , Bogna Sztorch , Miłosz Frydrych , Roksana Konieczna , Anna Łapińska , Malwina Liszewska , Robert Edward Przekop

This study investigates how the molecular architecture of functional tetracyclotetrasiloxane derivatives (CS) influences the mechanical and physicochemical properties of polylactide (PLA) under accelerated aging conditions (UV radiation at 313 nm, elevated temperature, and water mist), aiming at durable applications. Two novel tetracyclotetrasiloxane-derived modifiers, CS-MA-3HEX and CS-2MA-2HEX were synthesized to enhance PLA impact toughness.

Comprehensive, multifactorial analytical methods were employed to characterize the modifiers and their impact on PLA performance. Experimental results demonstrate that applied modifiers act as effective macromolecular plasticizers, significantly improving the initial ductility of PLA (ɛ_b ∼535% increase) and impact toughness (∼180%). However, the beneficial effects of the modification were not permanent. Aging resulted in significant embrittlement and mechanical deterioration of both PLA and PLA/CS samples, indicating limited long-term stability of the plasticized PLA, attributed to chain scission and increased crystallinity. Nevertheless, the Tg of PLA/CS remained stable during aging, indicating preserved thermal stability despite mechanical degradation. These findings underline that functionalized tetracyclosiloxanes enhance the initial mechanical performance of PLA and enable moderation of the degradation rate by adjusting the methacrylate group content in the modifier particle, supporting the design of materials with tunable service lifetimes for specific applications.

本研究旨在研究功能性四环四硅氧烷衍生物（CS）的分子结构如何在加速老化条件下（313 nm紫外线辐射、高温和水雾）影响聚乳酸（PLA）的机械和物理化学性能，以实现持久应用。合成了两种新型四环四硅氧烷衍生改性剂CS-MA-3HEX和CS-2MA-2HEX，以提高PLA的冲击韧性。采用综合、多因素分析方法来表征改性剂及其对PLA性能的影响。实验结果表明，所添加的改性剂作为有效的大分子增塑剂，显著提高了PLA的初始延展性（提高了约535%）和冲击韧性（提高了约180%）。然而，这种改良的有益效果并不是永久性的。老化导致PLA和PLA/CS样品的明显脆化和力学劣化，表明塑化PLA的长期稳定性有限，原因是链断裂和结晶度增加。然而，PLA/CS的Tg在老化过程中保持稳定，表明尽管机械降解，仍保持热稳定性。这些发现表明，功能化四环硅氧烷增强了聚乳酸的初始力学性能，并通过调节改性剂颗粒中甲基丙烯酸酯基团的含量来调节降解速率，从而支持设计具有可调使用寿命的材料，用于特定应用。

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引用次数: 0

Oxygen vacancy–driven redox mechanisms for enhanced thermo-oxidative stability of silicone rubber with Fe2O3, CeO2, and CeZrO2 Fe2O3、CeO2和CeZrO2增强硅橡胶热氧化稳定性的氧空位驱动氧化还原机制

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2026.111927

Hyeon Woo Jeong, Hye In Kang, Jaewon Lee, Sang Eun Shim

The thermal degradation of silicone rubber in high-temperature oxidative environments remains a critical challenge, yet the mechanistic role of oxygen vacancy engineering in cerium-based stabilizers has not been systematically explored. This study demonstrates that CeO₂ and CeZrO₂ (HRA-01) achieve superior stabilization through oxygen vacancy–mediated Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox cycling that couples radical scavenging with dynamic oxygen buffering, with zirconium incorporation further enhancing oxygen vacancy density and mobility. Consequently, under harsh aging at 250 °C for 200 h, whereas pristine PDMS exhibited catastrophic toughness loss (∼98.5 %) and Fe₂O₃ composites offered only partial mitigation (81–98.5 % loss), CeO₂-filled and HRA-01 composites retained markedly higher toughness, limiting losses to 42–54 % and 40–50 %, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed nearly constant residues for CeO₂ and HRA-01 (31–32 %), in sharp contrast to the substantial increases in pristine and Fe₂O₃ systems. Beyond performance metrics, we elucidate the oxygen-vacancy-mediated stabilization mechanism: vacancy-enabled Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox cycling couples rapid radical scavenging with dynamic oxygen buffering, additionally, Zr incorporation increases vacancy density and mobility to suppress thermo-oxidative chain scission and uncontrolled crosslinking. These findings establish CeZrO₂ as a next-generation stabilizer that will contribute to enhanced durability and extended service lifetimes of silicone rubbers in demanding industrial applications.

硅橡胶在高温氧化环境下的热降解仍然是一个严峻的挑战，但氧空位工程在铈基稳定剂中的作用机理尚未得到系统的探讨。该研究表明，CeO 2和CeZrO 2 （HRA-01）通过氧空位介导的Ce + /Ce⁴+氧化还原循环实现了优异的稳定性，该循环将自由基清除与动态氧缓冲结合在一起，锆的掺入进一步增强了氧空位密度和迁移率。因此，在250°C 200 h的苛刻时效下，原始PDMS表现出灾难性的韧性损失（~ 98.5%），Fe₂O₃复合材料只提供部分缓解（81 - 98.5%），而填充CeO₂和HRA-01复合材料保留了明显更高的韧性，分别将损失限制在42 - 54%和40 - 50%。热重分析显示，CeO₂和HRA-01的残留量几乎不变（31 - 32%），与原始和Fe₂O₃系统的大量增加形成鲜明对比。除了性能指标之外，我们阐明了氧空位介导的稳定机制：空位激活的Ce + /Ce⁴氧化还原循环对动态氧缓冲的快速自由基清除，此外，Zr掺入增加了空位密度和迁移率，以抑制热氧化链断裂和不受控制的交联。这些发现确定了CeZrO₂作为下一代稳定剂，将有助于提高硅橡胶在苛刻的工业应用中的耐用性和延长使用寿命。

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引用次数: 0

Stability of recycled plastics in an aqueous alkaline cementitious matrix 再生塑料在水性碱性胶凝基质中的稳定性

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111915

Hasanthi H. Kosgahakumbura , Ivan Kourtchev , Susanne Charlesworth , Damien L. Callahan , Will P. Gates

The rising problem of plastic waste, coupled with a shortage of construction materials, has prompted research into the replacement of traditional aggregates with recycled plastic aggregates (rPA) in cementitious structures. However, the impact of the highly alkaline pore solution present in cement on the long-term stability and performance of rPA is still not fully understood. This research examined the alkaline stability of two types of commonly recycled plastics that increasingly serve as aggregate substitutes in concrete: polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) and high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) in two size ranges, when exposed to extremely alkaline conditions. The effects of exposure to simulated alkaline cement pore solutions on rPA stability were analysed by assessing alterations to polymer mass, surface features, functional groups, and crystallinity. Prolonged exposure (up to 75 days) to simulated cement pore solution significantly decreased the stability of rPA, while fine particle sizes underwent faster degradation, losing up to 40 % of weight. Recycled HDPE demonstrated greater alkali resistance than rPET, suggesting better suitability as an alternative aggregate in concrete, although factors like surface hydrophobicity should be considered. The amorphous regions of rPET surfaces proved more susceptible to hydroxyl reactions compared to crystalline regions, resulting in inferior stability of rPET compared to rHDPE, and therefore raises questions about the use of rPET as an alternative aggregate. Overall, this study elucidated the physical and chemical stability of recycled plastics in alkaline cementitious matrices, revealing how plastic type, intrinsic properties, particle size, and exposure duration govern their suitability as aggregate replacements.

塑料垃圾问题的日益严重，再加上建筑材料的短缺，促使人们研究用再生塑料骨料（rPA）代替传统骨料用于胶凝结构。然而，水泥中存在的高碱性孔隙溶液对rPA长期稳定性和性能的影响尚不完全清楚。本研究检测了两种常用的再生塑料在暴露于极端碱性条件下的碱性稳定性，这两种塑料越来越多地用作混凝土中的骨料替代品：聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（rPET）和高密度聚乙烯（rHDPE），其尺寸范围为两种。通过评估聚合物质量、表面特征、官能团和结晶度的变化，分析了暴露于模拟碱性水泥孔隙溶液对rPA稳定性的影响。长时间暴露于模拟水泥孔隙溶液中（长达75天）会显著降低rPA的稳定性，而细颗粒尺寸的降解速度更快，重量损失高达40%。再生HDPE表现出比rPET更强的耐碱性，这表明它更适合作为混凝土的替代骨料，尽管需要考虑表面疏水性等因素。与结晶区域相比，rPET表面的无定形区域更容易发生羟基反应，导致rPET与rHDPE相比稳定性较差，因此提出了关于使用rPET作为替代聚集体的问题。总体而言，本研究阐明了再生塑料在碱性胶凝基质中的物理和化学稳定性，揭示了塑料类型、内在性质、粒径和暴露时间如何决定它们作为骨料替代品的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Ring-opening graft polymerization of poly(p-dioxanone) from α-1,3-glucan for high-strength, thermoplastic, marine biodegradable materials α-1,3-葡聚糖开环接枝聚合制备高强度热塑性海洋生物可降解材料

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2026.111928

Zhengyu Su , Jin Ho Seok , Satoshi Kimura , Tadahisa Iwata

Poly(p-dioxanone) (PDO) is a biodegradable polyester that combines excellent flexibility and good biocompatibility, showing broad application prospects in biomedicine and other fields. To further expand its potential uses, α-1,3-glucan-graft-poly(p-dioxanone) (α-1,3-glucan-graft-PDO) copolymers were synthesized via ring-opening graft polymerization in an ionic liquid using 4-dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst. The introduction of PDO side chains imparted thermoplasticity to α-1,3-glucan, enabling the fabrication of hot-pressed films, while the grafted PDO side chain content allowed tunable control over mechanical and thermoplastic properties. The α-1,3-glucan-graft-PDO copolymer films exhibited a broad range of performance: higher PDO content enhanced flexibility, whereas isothermal annealing and uniaxial stretching dramatically improved mechanical properties, achieving a tensile strength up to ∼130 MPa. Marine biodegradability was evaluated by Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) testing in seawater, showing all α-1,3-glucan-graft-PDO copolymers were microbially degradable, with faster degradation observed at higher PDO content. This study demonstrates a strategy to expand the applicability of PDO by leveraging the advantages of α-1,3-glucan, thereby producing a material that combines high strength and marine biodegradability, with greater potential for sustainable applications requiring high mechanical properties.

聚（对二氧杂环酮）（PDO）是一种具有优异柔韧性和良好生物相容性的可生物降解聚酯，在生物医学等领域具有广阔的应用前景。为了进一步拓展其潜在用途，以4-二甲氨基吡啶为催化剂，在离子液体中通过开环接枝聚合法制备了α-1,3-葡聚糖-聚对二恶酮（α-1,3-葡聚糖- pdo）共聚物。PDO侧链的引入使α-1,3-葡聚糖具有热塑性，从而可以制作热压薄膜，而接枝的PDO侧链含量可以调节机械和热塑性性能。α-1,3-葡聚糖接枝-PDO共聚物薄膜表现出广泛的性能：高PDO含量增强了柔韧性，而等温退火和单轴拉伸显著改善了机械性能，拉伸强度可达~ 130 MPa。通过海水生化需氧量（BOD）测试评价了海洋生物降解性，结果表明α-1,3-葡聚糖接枝-PDO共聚物均可被微生物降解，且PDO含量越高，降解速度越快。本研究展示了一种利用α-1,3-葡聚糖的优势来扩大PDO适用性的策略，从而生产出一种结合高强度和海洋生物降解性的材料，具有更大的可持续应用潜力，需要高机械性能。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of isocyanate structure on bio-based poly(diethylene furanoate)-b- poly(caprolactone) thermoplastic polyurethanes 异氰酸酯结构对生物基聚呋喃二酯-b-聚己内酯热塑性聚氨酯的影响

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2026.111929

Judit Rebeka Molnár, Yu-I Hsu, Hiroshi Uyama

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers combine the durability and toughness of thermoplastics with the elasticity of rubber. Since most conventional polyurethanes are fossil-based, the development of sustainable alternatives is essential. While the composition and phase separation have been explored extensively, only a few reports have systematically examined the effect of isocyanate type on polyurethanes. In this work, bio-based poly(diethylene furanoate)-b-poly(caprolactone) (PDEF-b-PCL) copolymers were synthesized, where diisocyanates with three different structures were used as a chain-extender: methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and dicyclohexylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate (H12MDI) to systematically evaluate how their structure affects the structure–property relationships of the resulting copolymers. DSC and DMA confirmed that the copolymers exhibited dual-phase transitions, indicating that they consisted of a crystalline phase formed by PCL and an amorphous phase comprising PCL and PDEF. Structural analysis revealed that crystallinity was governed by PCL content and was highest in HDI-based samples, which was the most mobile among the isocyanates. For PDEF, due to its amorphous structure, the tensile properties were mainly influenced by the structure of the isocyanate. The copolymers exhibited enhanced elongation at break compared to the homopolymers, reaching up to 2372 ± 340%, attributed to strain hardening of the PCL crystalline domains and the amorphous PDEF segments acting as physical crosslinks that distributed stress. Some of the copolymers achieved superior toughness up to 233 MJ/m³, compared to both PCL and PDEF homopolymers. The incorporation of PDEF significantly improved thermal stability with higher T_d,max values, and all copolymers showed higher T_d,5% compared to their homopolymer counterparts.

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体结合了热塑性塑料的耐用性和韧性与橡胶的弹性。由于大多数传统聚氨酯是基于化石的，因此开发可持续的替代品至关重要。虽然组成和相分离已被广泛探讨，只有少数报告系统地研究了异氰酸酯类型对聚氨酯的影响。在本研究中，合成了生物基聚（二乙烯呋喃酸酯）-b-聚己内酯（pdefb - pcl）共聚物，其中使用三种不同结构的二异氰酸酯作为扩链剂：亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯（MDI）、六亚乙烯二异氰酸酯（HDI）和二环己基甲烷4,4 ' -二异氰酸酯（H12MDI），系统地评价了它们的结构如何影响所得共聚物的结构-性能关系。DSC和DMA证实共聚物表现出双相转变，表明它们由PCL形成的结晶相和由PCL和PDEF组成的非晶相组成。结构分析表明，结晶度受PCL含量的影响，在hdi基样品中结晶度最高，在异氰酸酯中流动性最强。对于PDEF，由于其无定形结构，其拉伸性能主要受异氰酸酯结构的影响。与均聚物相比，共聚物的断裂伸长率更高，达到2372±340%，这是由于PCL晶体域的应变硬化和无定形PDEF片段作为物理交联来分布应力。与PCL和PDEF均聚物相比，一些共聚物的韧性高达233 MJ/m3。PDEF的加入显著提高了热稳定性，具有更高的Td，max值，所有共聚物的Td值都比均聚物高5%。

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引用次数: 0

Correlations among polylactic acid biodegradation, bacterial communities, and predicted functional genes under mesophilic and thermophilic composts 中温和亲热堆肥下聚乳酸生物降解、细菌群落和预测功能基因的相关性

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2026.111921

Ian Cho, Kyung-Suk Cho

As a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics, biodegradable plastics such as polylactic acid (PLA) have garnered increasing attention. However, despite being the most widely used biodegradable plastic, studies investigating the post-use degradation of PLA remain limited. This study compared the degradation behavior of PLA samples under mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (58 °C) compost conditions and analyzed associated changes in microbial communities and predicted functional genes throughout the degradation process. The PLA film was completely degraded within 15 days under thermophilic conditions, whereas only a 13.7 % weight loss was observed after 40 days under mesophilic conditions. For PLA granules, weight loss after 65 days reached 24.8 % and 6.1 % under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions, respectively. SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed evidence of microbial degradation, such as surface erosion and ester bond cleavage. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that Bacillaceae-dominated microbial communities play an active role in PLA biodegradation in thermophilic environments, while Georgenia and Cupriavidus may function as potential PLA degraders in mesophilic environments. Functional gene prediction revealed that K01126 (glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase) and K01048 (lysophospholipase), both associated with PLA degradation, exhibited strong positive correlations with degradation rate, suggesting their key enzymatic roles in PLA hydrolysis. Furthermore, a promising PLA-degrading bacterium, Ralstonia sp. AF1, was isolated from compost following the degradation process. Overall, this study demonstrates the biodegradability of PLA under compost conditions through comprehensive analysis of degradation characteristics and bacterial community dynamics, and provides fundamental insights to enhance the degradation efficiency of PLA in compost environments.

聚乳酸（PLA）等可生物降解塑料作为石油基塑料的可持续替代品，越来越受到人们的关注。然而，尽管聚乳酸是应用最广泛的可生物降解塑料，但对其使用后降解的研究仍然有限。本研究比较了PLA样品在中温（35°C）和亲热（58°C）堆肥条件下的降解行为，分析了降解过程中微生物群落的相关变化，并预测了功能基因。PLA薄膜在亲热条件下在15天内完全降解，而在中温条件下40天后仅观察到13.7%的重量损失。PLA颗粒在亲热和中温条件下，65天后的失重率分别达到24.8%和6.1%。SEM和FTIR分析证实了微生物降解的证据，如表面侵蚀和酯键裂解。Spearman的相关分析表明，在嗜热环境下，杆菌科为主的微生物群落在降解聚乳酸中发挥积极作用，而在中温环境下，Georgenia和Cupriavidus可能是潜在的聚乳酸降解菌。功能基因预测显示，K01126（甘油磷酸二酯磷酸二酯酶）和K01048（溶血磷脂酶）都与PLA降解有关，与降解率呈强正相关，表明它们在PLA水解中起关键作用。此外，在降解过程中从堆肥中分离到一种有前途的pla降解细菌Ralstonia sp. AF1。总体而言，本研究通过对降解特性和细菌群落动态的综合分析，论证了聚乳酸在堆肥条件下的生物降解性，为提高聚乳酸在堆肥环境中的降解效率提供了基础性的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneously achieving sensitive aging monitoring and radiation resistance enhancement of polymer using a profluorescent nitroxide 同时利用前荧光氮氧化物实现敏感的老化监测和增强聚合物的抗辐射能力

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2026.111925

Zhendong Huang, Xiangling Chen, Qiang Liu, Ruiyang Dou, Yiren Song, Wei Huang, Hongbing Chen

In many advanced and sophisticated applications, both polymer stabilization and aging monitoring are required simultaneously. While strategies for stabilization and characterization have advanced, they typically evolve independently, leading to compromises between cost, functionality, and sensitive monitoring capability. Here, we report a dual-functional agent that simultaneously enhances radiation resistance and enables ultrasensitive, in situ monitoring of early-stage radiation aging in silicone rubber (SR). We incorporate a profluorescent nitroxide (P_Q) into SR, where its nitroxide radical efficiently scavenges alkyl radicals generated during gamma-irradiation, thereby imparting radiation resistance—as evidenced by suppressed gas evolution and retained mechanical properties. Concurrently, P_Q reacts with alkyl radicals to form strong fluorescence structures, allowing for the visualization and quantitative assessment of aging at remarkably low doses (from 500 Gy). We establish a precise power-law relationship between fluorescence intensity and absorbed dose (R² = 0.9999), facilitating accurate lifetime prediction. Furthermore, kinetic analysis reveals that radiolysis and cross-linking, the two competing processes during irradiation, follow distinct reaction orders in the early stages. This work provides a paradigm for designing multifunctional additives that integrate material stabilization with real-time aging sensing, advancing the development of reliable and smart polymer materials.

在许多先进和复杂的应用中，同时需要聚合物稳定和老化监测。虽然稳定和表征的策略有所进步，但它们通常是独立发展的，导致成本、功能和敏感监测能力之间的折衷。在这里，我们报道了一种双功能剂，它可以同时增强硅橡胶（SR）的耐辐射性，并实现超灵敏的早期辐射老化原位监测。我们在SR中加入了一种前荧光氮氧化物（PQ），其中的氮氧化物自由基有效地清除了γ辐照过程中产生的烷基自由基，从而增强了抗辐射能力，这一点可以通过抑制气体释放和保持机械性能来证明。同时，PQ与烷基自由基反应形成强烈的荧光结构，允许在非常低的剂量（500 Gy起）下可视化和定量评估老化。我们在荧光强度和吸收剂量之间建立了精确的幂律关系（R²= 0.9999），便于准确预测寿命。此外，动力学分析表明，辐照过程中两个相互竞争的过程——辐射溶解和交联在早期阶段遵循不同的反应顺序。这项工作为设计多功能添加剂提供了一个范例，该添加剂将材料稳定与实时老化传感相结合，推动了可靠和智能聚合物材料的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and hydrothermal aging resistance of polypropylene composites via metal-oxide loaded acid-modified kaolin as a synergist 金属氧化物负载酸改性高岭土作为增效剂增强聚丙烯复合材料的阻燃、抑烟和水热老化性能

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2026.111923

Mengyuan Zheng , Jingjing Yang , Gehao Guo , Yifang Hua , Si Guo , Lingyao Zeng , Yuhang Wang , Xiaoyu Gu , Wufei Tang , Sheng Zhang

A co-precipitation route is employed to load Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺ onto acid-treated kaolin (AK), and then calcined at 450°C to obtain the corresponding metal oxides (MO) within the AK (MOAK). These MOAK are then used as synergists for the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composed of PAPP (polyphosphoric acid piperazine salt)/MPP (melamine polyphosphate) at a mass ratio of 7:3, in the preparation of polypropylene (PP) composites. Partial replacement of IFR with 2 wt.% MOAK, exemplified by PP/14%IFR/2%ZnAK, markedly enhances flame retardancy. This composite achieves UL-94 V-0, while simultaneously reduces the peak heat release rate (pHRR) from 171 kW/m² to 95 kW/m², and the total smoke production (TSP) from 1.36 m² to 0.91 m². These values correspond to reductions of 44% and 33%, respectively, relative to PP/16%IFR composite. Furthermore, the three MOAK synergists demonstrate unique properties: the MgAK-containing composite achieves the most significant smoke suppression, reducing TSP by 97%; the CuAK-modified system meets flame-retardant requirements but compromises mechanical properties; whereas the ZnAK-containing composite achieves an optimal balance between flame retardancy and mechanical performance, alongside remarkable hydrothermal aging resistance. After immersion in 70°C water for 7 days, the PP/14%IFR/2%ZnAK retains 99.9% of its original limiting oxygen index (LOI) and 96.0% impact strength. Collectively, these findings indicate that co-precipitation and calcination of MO on AK enables efficient IFR systems, endowing PP with durable flame-retardant performance.

采用共沉淀法将Mg2+、Cu2+和Zn2+加载到酸处理的高岭土（AK）上，然后在450℃下煅烧得到AK内相应的金属氧化物（MO）（MOAK）。然后，这些MOAK作为增效剂用于由聚磷酸哌嗪盐(PAPP)/聚磷酸三聚氰胺（MPP）以7:3的质量比组成的膨胀阻燃剂（IFR），用于制备聚丙烯（PP）复合材料。用2% MOAK代替部分IFR，如PP/14%IFR/2%ZnAK，可显著提高阻燃性。该复合材料达到UL-94 V-0，同时将峰值热释放率（pHRR）从171 kW/m2降低到95 kW/m2，总产烟量（TSP）从1.36 m2降低到0.91 m2。这些数值对应于PP/16%IFR复合材料分别减少44%和33%。此外，三种MOAK增效剂表现出独特的性能：含mak的复合材料具有最显著的抑烟效果，可将TSP降低97%；经cuak改性的系统满足阻燃要求，但损害了机械性能；而含znak的复合材料在阻燃性和机械性能之间达到了最佳平衡，同时具有显著的水热老化性能。PP/14%IFR/2%ZnAK在70℃水中浸泡7天后，其极限氧指数（LOI）保持99.9%，冲击强度保持96.0%。总的来说，这些发现表明，MO在AK上的共沉淀和煅烧可以实现高效的IFR体系，赋予PP持久的阻燃性能。

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引用次数: 0

A nitrogen-oxygen triazine flame retardant for simultaneously improving flame retardancy and mechanical performance of nylon 6 一种同时提高尼龙6阻燃性和力学性能的氮氧三嗪类阻燃剂

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2026.111924

Ruiqi Liu , Bin Tao , Suliang Gao , Miaojun Xu , Siqi Huo , Xiaoli Li , Bin Li

The rapid advancement of modern industries has placed higher demands on the comprehensive performance of nylon 6 (PA6) and addressing its flammability issue has also received significant attention. Therefore, developing flame-retardant PA6 with superior overall performance has become a key research objective. In this work, a novel and highly efficient triazine-based flame retardant, phthalimidoxy-1,3,5-triazine (TPT), was successfully synthesized, and it was found to have a radical quenching mechanism analogous to that of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS). Incorporating only 1.5 wt% TPT significantly improved the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PA6/1.5TPT to 28% and increased both tensile strength and flexural strength to 80.49 and 93.25 MPa, respectively. Compared to pure PA6, the time to ignition (TTI) of PA6/1.5TPT was extended by 46.7%, and the total smoke production (TSP) was reduced by 42%. The hygrothermal aging results demonstrated that the PA6 composites maintained outstanding flame-retardant performance and mechanical integrity even after aging. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and gas-phase mechanism analysis indicated that TPT generated stable radicals during thermal decomposition, which effectively captured hydrogen (H·) and carbon (C·) radicals produced in the initial degradation stage of PA6, thereby suppressing the combustion. This work presents a promising strategy for creating high-efficiency, multifunctional flame retardants for PA6, thus broadening its application potential.

现代工业的飞速发展对尼龙6 （PA6）的综合性能提出了更高的要求，其可燃性问题的解决也受到了人们的重视。因此，开发综合性能优越的阻燃PA6已成为重点研究目标。本文成功合成了一种新型高效的三嗪类阻燃剂邻苯二胺氧基-1,3,5-三嗪（phthalimidoxy-1,3,5-triazine， TPT），并发现其具有类似于受阻胺光稳定剂（HALS）的自由基猝灭机理。仅添加1.5 wt%的TPT， PA6/1.5TPT的极限氧指数（LOI）显著提高至28%，拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高至80.49和93.25 MPa。与纯PA6相比，PA6/1.5 tpt的点火时间（TTI）延长了46.7%，总烟产量（TSP）降低了42%。湿热老化结果表明，PA6复合材料在老化后仍保持了良好的阻燃性能和机械完整性。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算和气相机理分析表明，TPT在热分解过程中产生稳定的自由基，能有效捕获PA6在初始降解阶段产生的氢（H·）和碳（C·）自由基，从而抑制燃烧。本研究为开发高效、多功能的PA6阻燃剂提供了一条新的思路，从而拓宽了PA6阻燃剂的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Molecularly engineered PBS/FDCA copolymers: Balancing strength, degradability, and osteoinductivity for sustainable bone scaffolds 分子工程PBS/FDCA共聚物：平衡强度，可降解性和可持续骨支架的骨诱导性

IF 7.4 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2026.111922

Zheng Li , Zhixuan Li , Sichao Yu , Xuan Yao , Guosheng Wang , Dayin Sun , Jie Zhang , Na Wang

Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a biodegradable polyester with good biocompatibility and processability, yet its relatively low mechanical strength, slow degradation, and limited bioactivity hinder its use in osteogenic scaffolds. To address these limitations, and inspired by the nacreous “brick-and-mortar” structure of marine shells, this study incorporated bio-based 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) into the PBS backbone via a stepwise, temperature-controlled polycondensation, generating a series of PBSF copolymers. Experimental results showed that moderate FDCA incorporation at 15 mol% (PBSF15) markedly improved mechanical performance, with tensile strength and elongation at break increasing by 30.63% and 467.59%, respectively, compared with pure PBS. Notably, PBSF15 exhibited the optimal compressive performance, achieving a compressive strength of 115.41 MPa and a compressive modulus of 283.97 MPa. It also exhibited the highest flexural modulus (586.48 MPa) and flexural strength (33.28 MPa), while maintaining good processability and hydrophilicity. Moreover, enzymatic degradation tests revealed accelerated mass loss (≈ 89.89% within 12 days), and in vitro studies using MC3T3-E1 cells confirmed excellent cytocompatibility, sustained proliferation, and significant upregulation of osteogenic markers, including Col I and TGF-β. Collectively, this work presents a sustainable molecular design strategy that simultaneously enhances mechanical performance, accelerates degradation, and promotes osteoinductive activity, providing a promising platform for bone defect repair and regenerative medicine.

聚丁二酸丁二酯（PBS）是一种生物可降解聚酯，具有良好的生物相容性和加工性，但其机械强度较低，降解速度慢，生物活性有限，阻碍了其在成骨支架中的应用。为了解决这些限制，并受到海洋贝壳“砖瓦”结构的启发，本研究通过逐步控制温度的缩聚，将生物基2,5-呋喃二羧酸（FDCA）加入PBS骨架中，生成了一系列PBSF共聚物。实验结果表明，适量添加15 mol% （PBSF15）的FDCA显著改善了材料的力学性能，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别比纯PBS提高了30.63%和467.59%。其中，PBSF15的抗压性能最佳，抗压强度为115.41 MPa，抗压模量为283.97 MPa。具有最高的抗弯模量（586.48 MPa）和抗弯强度（33.28 MPa），同时保持良好的加工性和亲水性。此外，酶降解测试显示加速质量损失（12天内≈89.89%），使用MC3T3-E1细胞的体外研究证实了良好的细胞相容性，持续增殖，并显著上调成骨标志物，包括Col I和TGF-β。总的来说，这项工作提出了一种可持续的分子设计策略，同时提高了机械性能，加速了降解，促进了骨诱导活性，为骨缺损修复和再生医学提供了一个有希望的平台。

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引用次数: 0