Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

英文中文

Development of flame retardant coatings containing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene and expandable graphite for carbon fibre-reinforced polyamide 6 composites 为碳纤维增强聚酰胺 6 复合材料开发含有六苯氧环三磷嗪和可膨胀石墨的阻燃涂层

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111017

Zsófia Kovács , Andrea Toldy

The increasing importance of thermoplastic composites, driven by their enhanced recyclability and production efficiency, has attracted interest in continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic. Polyamide 6 (PA6), synthesised via anionic ring-opening polymerisation, is particularly relevant, however, the flammability of PA6 poses significant challenges and a critical concern for their structural application, necessitating effective flame retardancy measures. This study investigates the development of flame retardant coatings for carbon fibre-reinforced PA6 composites, employing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) and expandable graphite (EG), and evaluates their efficacy in improving the flammability properties of the composites through their combined modes of action. We investigated the impact of FRs on glass transition temperature, crystallinity, thermal stability, monomer conversion and flammability properties. The best-performing formulations (PA6/3P%HPCTP/3%EG and PA6/3P%HPCTP/4%EG) were applied to the surface of carbon fibre-reinforced PA6 composites by in-mould coating. Due to the synergistic effect of HPCTP and EG, the coatings containing 3P% HPCTP and 3 % EG reduced the maximum heat release by 33 % and the total heat release by 37 %.

热塑性复合材料的可回收性和生产效率不断提高，使其重要性与日俱增，这引起了人们对连续纤维增强热塑性塑料的兴趣。通过阴离子开环聚合合成的聚酰胺 6（PA6）尤其具有相关性，但 PA6 的可燃性对其结构应用构成了重大挑战和关键问题，因此必须采取有效的阻燃措施。本研究采用六苯氧基环三磷腈（HPCTP）和可膨胀石墨（EG），对碳纤维增强 PA6 复合材料阻燃涂层的开发进行了调查，并评估了它们通过联合作用模式改善复合材料可燃性能的效果。我们研究了阻燃剂对玻璃化转变温度、结晶度、热稳定性、单体转化率和可燃性能的影响。通过模内涂覆法将性能最好的配方（PA6/3P%HPCTP/3%EG 和 PA6/3P%HPCTP/4%EG）应用于碳纤维增强 PA6 复合材料的表面。由于 HPCTP 和 EG 的协同作用，含有 3P% HPCTP 和 3% EG 的涂层将最大热释放量降低了 33%，总热释放量降低了 37%。

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引用次数: 0

A novel strategy utilizing oxidation states of phosphorus for designing efficient phosphorus-containing flame retardants and its performance in epoxy resins 利用磷的氧化态设计高效含磷阻燃剂的新策略及其在环氧树脂中的性能

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111016

Mingming Yu , Zhimin Gao , Wang Xie , Xiaochao Shi , Ousheng Zhang , Zhigang Shen , Lin Fang , Musu Ren , Jinliang Sun

The oxidation state of phosphorus has a great influence on the flame retardant action of its flame retardants. In this study, a reactive phosphorus-containing flame retardant (POG-DOPO) with both low and high phosphorus oxidation states is synthesised and incorporated into epoxy resin. The results show that the part in high oxidation state act mainly in the condensed phase and the part in low oxidation state act mainly in the gas phase. Furthermore, the flame retardant exhibits a synergistic flame retardant effect, resulting in a higher flame retardant efficiency than that of flame retardants with a single phosphorus oxidation state. Compared with unmodified epoxy resin, the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate and total smoke release of POG-DOPO modified epoxy resin with only 3wt% phosphorus are reduced by 70.9%, 51.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Its LOI increases to 31.8% and vertical combustion test achieves UL-94 V-0 rating. This study provides a strategy for the structural design of efficient phosphorus-based flame retardants.

磷的氧化态对其阻燃剂的阻燃作用有很大影响。本研究合成了一种具有低磷和高磷两种氧化态的活性含磷阻燃剂（POG-DOPO），并将其加入环氧树脂中。结果表明，高氧化态部分主要在凝聚相中起作用，低氧化态部分主要在气相中起作用。此外，该阻燃剂还具有协同阻燃效果，与单一磷氧化态的阻燃剂相比，其阻燃效率更高。与未改性环氧树脂相比，仅含 3wt% 磷的 POG-DOPO 改性环氧树脂的峰值热释放率、总热释放率和总烟释放率分别降低了 70.9%、51.2% 和 55.7%。其 LOI 增加到 31.8%，垂直燃烧测试达到了 UL-94 V-0 等级。这项研究为高效磷基阻燃剂的结构设计提供了一种策略。

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引用次数: 0

Flame-retardants for polypropylene: A review 聚丙烯阻燃剂：综述

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111008

Séverine Bellayer , Melvin Dilger , Sophie Duquesne , Maude Jimenez

This article presents the different flame retardant (FR) additives adapted to polypropylene (PP) and their mode of actions when incorporated into the bulk. PP is naturally highly flammable; this review highlights the challenges to improve its flame retardant properties. It first reports the thermal degradation of PP and then focuses on FR PP systems and shows the high flame retardancy effectiveness of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) systems providing an efficient protective layer. It also highlights the need to improve the IFR systems to reduce the amount of FRs, using synergists, bio-based compounds or modified additives, but also using other effective systems such as free radical generators systems in combination with phosphorous flame retardant agent. Therefore, this article explores the effectiveness of several FR systems and highlight their mechanism of action in PP.

本文介绍了适用于聚丙烯（PP）的各种阻燃（FR）添加剂，以及这些添加剂加入到聚丙烯中的作用模式。聚丙烯具有天然的高易燃性；本综述强调了改善其阻燃特性所面临的挑战。报告首先介绍了聚丙烯的热降解，然后重点介绍了阻燃聚丙烯系统，并展示了膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）系统的高阻燃效果，该系统可提供有效的保护层。文章还强调了改进膨胀型阻燃剂系统以减少阻燃剂数量的必要性，不仅可以使用增效剂、生物基化合物或改性添加剂，还可以使用其他有效的系统，如与磷阻燃剂结合使用的自由基发生器系统。因此，本文探讨了几种阻燃剂系统的有效性，并重点介绍了它们在聚丙烯中的作用机理。

引用次数: 0

Low-dielectric thermosetting resins derived from polysaccharide unsaturated esters 多糖不饱和酯衍生的低介电热固性树脂

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111011

Yuya Fukata, Satoshi Kimura, Tadahisa Iwata

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain metals and plastics, with the latter often incinerated after disposal, leading to carbon dioxide emissions. This study focuses on developing biomass-based thermosetting resins derived from polysaccharides. Cellulose and α-1,3-glucan were introduced with unsaturated (2-butenoate) and saturated (hexanoate) ester groups to achieve appropriate properties for PCB applications. The synthesized polysaccharide esters, cellulose-2-butenoate-hexanoate and α-1,3-glucan-2-butenoate-hexanoate, demonstrated thermoformability at 150 °C, suitable for being laminated on circuit lines. After heating at 220 °C for 1 hour, the unsaturated parts of the polymers crosslinked, increasing the glass transition temperature to over 230 °C, making them potentially durable for the soldering process. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor of the crosslinked resins ranged from 2.5 to 2.7 and 0.012 to 0.014, respectively, outperforming conventional epoxy resins to reduce transmission loss. Additionally, the crosslinked films exhibited robust mechanical properties with tensile strengths exceeding 50 MPa. These results indicate that polysaccharide unsaturated esters are promising for use as PCB insulating resins, providing a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based materials.

印刷电路板（PCB）含有金属和塑料，后者通常在废弃后被焚烧，从而导致二氧化碳排放。本研究的重点是开发从多糖中提取的生物质热固性树脂。在纤维素和 α-1,3-葡聚糖中引入了不饱和（2-丁烯酸酯）和饱和（己酸酯）酯基，以获得适合多氯联苯应用的特性。合成的多糖酯（纤维素-2-丁烯酸己酸酯和α-1,3-葡聚糖-2-丁烯酸己酸酯）在 150 ℃ 下具有热成型性，适合层压在电路板上。在 220 ℃ 下加热 1 小时后，聚合物的不饱和部分发生交联，使玻璃化转变温度升至 230 ℃ 以上，从而使其在焊接过程中具有潜在的耐久性。交联树脂的介电常数和耗散因子分别为 2.5 至 2.7 和 0.012 至 0.014，在降低传输损耗方面优于传统的环氧树脂。此外，交联薄膜还具有良好的机械性能，拉伸强度超过 50 兆帕。这些结果表明，多糖不饱和酯有望用作印刷电路板绝缘树脂，为石油基材料提供了一种可持续的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Recycling of EPDM rubber via thermomechanical devulcanization: Batch and continuous operations 通过热机械脱硫回收三元乙丙橡胶：分批和连续操作

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111014

Dávid Zoltán Pirityi , Tamás Bárány , Kornél Pölöskei

Thermomechanical devulcanization is a possible solution for the circular economy of EPDM rubber, as it removes covalent crosslinks from vulcanizates, resulting in a material similar to uncured rubber mixes. In this paper, sulfur-cured EPDM rubber was treated with thermomechanical stimuli: a) processing on a two-roll mill and in an internal mixer, and b) twin-screw extrusion. Horikx's analysis indicated a 75 % decrease in crosslink density with little polymer chain degradation. The resulting devulcanizates and non-devulcanized rubber crumb were added to the original rubber mix, yielding samples with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 wt% recycled rubber contents. Revulcanizates with up to 50 wt% devulcanizate content retained the tensile strength of the original rubber with a slight increase in modulus. Ultimately, batch devulcanization had the most promising results, and extrusion devulcanization was also more beneficial than using non-devulcanized rubber crumb. Crosslink density and morphological tests also support these findings.

热机械脱硫是实现三元乙丙橡胶循环经济的一种可能的解决方案，因为它可以去除硫化胶中的共价交联，从而得到与未硫化橡胶混合物相似的材料。本文对硫磺硫化的三元乙丙橡胶进行了热机械刺激处理：a）在双辊轧机和内部混合器中加工；b）双螺杆挤出。Horikx 的分析表明，交联密度降低了 75%，但聚合物链几乎没有降解。由此产生的脱硫酸盐和非脱硫橡胶屑被添加到原始橡胶混合物中，得到再生橡胶含量为 0、25、50、75 和 100 wt% 的样品。脱硫酸盐含量高达 50 wt%的再硫化胶保持了原始橡胶的拉伸强度，模量略有增加。最终，批量脱硫取得了最有希望的结果，挤出脱硫也比使用未脱硫橡胶屑更有利。交联密度和形态测试也支持这些发现。

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of renewable and seawater-degradable polyesters based on a fully biobased diester 以全生物基二酯为基础合成可再生和海水降解聚酯

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111015

Jinyan Li, Yang Yu, Xiaolin Zhang

The design and development of biobased plastics that can degrade in seawater is a potential approach to address the seawater pollution of fossil plastics. Herein, N,N'-pentamethylene-bis(pyrrolidone-4-methyl carboxylate) (PBPC), a biobased diester with two pyrrolidone rings, was synthesized from renewable 1,5-pentanediamine and dimethyl itaconate. PBPC was polymerized with three α,ω-diols to prepare biobased homopolyesters with number-average molecular weight (M_n) around 25 kDa. These amorphous homopolyesters presented remarkable UV shielding abilities compared with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Incubation experiments in artificial seawater for 150 days indicated that the homopolyesters based on PBPC exhibited rapid seawater-degradability. Then, PBPC was copolymerized with 1,4-butanediol and terephthalic acid to prepare a series of copolyesters with M_n around 20 kDa. The introduction of PBPC into poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) resulted in the elevated toughness and sensitivity to seawater degradation. Depending on the composition of PBPC, the thermal, mechanical, and degradation rate of the copolyesters were adjustable. Overall, the PBPC-based polyesters are promising alternatives to commercial packaging materials in improving the renewability of raw materials and achieving seawater degradation.

设计和开发可在海水中降解的生物基塑料是解决化石塑料对海水污染的一种潜在方法。本文以可再生的 1,5-戊二胺和衣康酸二甲酯为原料，合成了 N,N'-五亚甲基双（吡咯烷酮-4-甲基羧酸酯）（PBPC），这是一种具有两个吡咯烷酮环的生物基二酯。PBPC 与三个 α、ω-二元醇聚合，制备出生物基均聚酯，其数均分子量 (Mn) 约为 25 kDa。与聚乳酸（PLA）和聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）相比，这些无定形均聚酯具有显著的紫外线屏蔽能力。在人工海水中培养 150 天的实验表明，基于 PBPC 的均聚酯具有快速的海水降解性。然后，PBPC 与 1,4-丁二醇和对苯二甲酸共聚，制备出一系列 Mn 在 20 kDa 左右的共聚多酯。在聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）中引入 PBPC 后，韧性和对海水降解的敏感性都得到了提高。根据 PBPC 成分的不同，共聚聚酯的热性能、机械性能和降解率都是可调的。总之，基于 PBPC 的聚酯在提高原材料的可再生性和实现海水降解方面有望成为商业包装材料的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering sulfonated carbon black for flame-retardant and smoke-suppressive polycarbonate with well-preserved mechanical performances 用于阻燃和抑烟聚碳酸酯的工程磺化炭黑，具有良好的机械性能

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111012

Xiaodi Ye , Cheng Zhan , Bingtao Wang , Ting Sai , Chengfeng Zhang , Juan Li , Zhenghong Guo , Siqi Huo

To cope with the practical demands of high-performance polycarbonate (PC) and explore the application of carbon black (CB) in flame retardant field, a sulfonated carbon black (CB-SS) was synthesized and applied to flame retardant PC in this work. Compared with PC/CB composite, PC/CB-SS composite displays better overall performances under the same flame retardant addition. The PC/3CB-SS composite with 3 wt.% of CB-SS achieves a vertical burning test (UL-94) V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.5%, and its peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke release rate (TSR) are respectively reduced by 17% and 6% relative to those of PC/3CB with 3 wt.% of CB. The flame retardancy mechanism is proposed by analyzing the char residue obtained from cone calorimetry test, which confirms the synergistic flame-retardant effect between sodium sulfonate and CB in condensed phase. Moreover, PC/3CB-SS shows much better mechanical properties than PC/3CB, and its elongation at break is increased by 223% compared with that of PC/3CB. This is mainly due to the more even dispersion of CB-SS within PC and the stronger interfacial force between CB-SS and PC. This work provides an effective approach for the creation of fire-retardant and smoke-suppressive PC composites with well-preserved mechanical properties, contributing to expanding the industrial applications of PC.

为满足高性能聚碳酸酯（PC）的实际需求，探索炭黑（CB）在阻燃领域的应用，本研究合成了一种磺化炭黑（CB-SS），并将其应用于阻燃 PC。与 PC/CB 复合材料相比，在添加相同阻燃剂的情况下，PC/CB-SS 复合材料具有更好的综合性能。含有 3 重量百分比 CB-SS 的 PC/3CB-SS 复合材料达到了垂直燃烧测试（UL-94）V-0 级，极限氧指数（LOI）为 29.5%，其峰值热释放率（PHRR）和总烟雾释放率（TSR）分别比含有 3 重量百分比 CB 的 PC/3CB 复合材料降低了 17% 和 6%。通过分析锥形量热仪测试得到的残炭，提出了阻燃机理，证实了磺酸钠与 CB 在凝聚相中的协同阻燃效果。此外，PC/3CB-SS 的机械性能远远优于 PC/3CB，其断裂伸长率比 PC/3CB 提高了 223%。这主要是由于 CB-SS 在 PC 中的分散更均匀，而且 CB-SS 与 PC 之间的界面力更强。这项工作为制造具有良好机械性能的阻燃抑烟 PC 复合材料提供了一种有效方法，有助于扩大 PC 的工业应用。

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引用次数: 0

The preparation of ammonium polyphosphate@ nickel/cobalt-layered double hydroxide and its application as flame retardant in thermoplastic polyurethane 聚磷酸铵@镍/钴层状双氢氧化物的制备及其在热塑性聚氨酯中作为阻燃剂的应用

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111013

Xiao-Hui Shi , Huan Luo , Cheng-Yue Jing , Hong Shi , De-Yi Wang

Inspired by the significant synergistic effect of transition metals and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on flame reatrdancy, a nickel/cobalt-layered double hydroxide derived from a selected zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (APP@NiCo) was constructed onto the surface of APP to enhance the fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The results demonstrated that TPU containing 6 wt% APP@NiCo exhibited a LOI value of 27.7 % and achieved UL-94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the peak heat release rate, heat release rate, and total smoke production by 72.8 %, 37.5 % and 56.9 %, respectively. The remarkable improvement in flame retardancy was contributed to the highly synergistic charring catalysis of APP and dual transition metals cobalt and nickel, which effectively promoted the formation of robust char layers during TPU combustion for enhancing fire safety.

受过渡金属和聚磷酸铵（APP）对阻燃性显著协同作用的启发，在 APP 表面构建了一种由精选沸石咪唑酸框架-67 衍生的镍/钴层双氢氧化物（APP@NiCo），以提高热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）的防火安全性。结果表明，含有 6 wt% APP@NiCo 的热塑性聚氨酯的 LOI 值为 27.7%，达到了 UL-94 V-0 等级。此外，峰值热释放率、热释放率和总产烟量分别大幅降低了 72.8%、37.5% 和 56.9%。阻燃性能的显著提高得益于 APP 与双过渡金属钴和镍的高度协同炭化催化作用，这种催化作用可有效促进热塑性聚氨酯燃烧过程中形成坚固的炭层，从而提高防火安全性。

引用次数: 0

Simultaneously boosting the flame retardancy and degradability of poly(lactic acid) composite by phosvitin affiliation 通过磷霉素附属物同时提高聚（乳酸）复合材料的阻燃性和降解性

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111010

Zhaoshun Zhan , Shihan Weng , Tianyou Bao , Lina Yan , Fanna Meng , Lixin Li

Currently, it is still a challenge to endow polylactic acid (PLA) with excellent degradation and fire safety. In this work, we have extracted a novel phosvitin aiming to achieve the fire resistance and degradation of PLA. Employing the phosvitin, the PLA composite exhibits conspicuous fire resistance with an LOI of 27.4 % and a V-0 rating in the UL-94 tests by controlling the added volume at 40 wt.%. Simultaneously, the thermal stability and fire behaviour of the PLA composite have been improved by the plentiful char residue formation. The flame-retardant mechanism of phosvitin in PLA material has been deduced by TG-IR, FTIR XPS and SEM. The phosvitin containing abundant P-O, P = O and P-N functional groups generates phosphorus-containing compounds to promote the dehydration reaction of the PLA matrix in a condensed phase. This is beneficial to improve the flame retardancy of PLA by the formation of a char layer, providing the shielding effect to prevent the heat transfer and flammable micro-molecules volatilisation process. Likewise, the affluent phosphorus-containing compounds included in the phosvitin possess fabulous catalytic action to destroy the PLA into small molecular weight fragment which shows a beneficial to promote the degradation reaction of PLA composite. Hence, the phosvitin is important to expand the range of applications of PLA materials to develop sustainable multifunctional materials.

目前，赋予聚乳酸（PLA）优异的降解性和防火安全性仍是一项挑战。在这项工作中，我们提取了一种新型磷素，旨在实现聚乳酸的耐火性和降解性。通过将添加量控制在 40 wt.%，聚乳酸复合材料在 UL-94 试验中表现出显著的耐火性，LOI 为 27.4%，V-0 级。同时，聚乳酸复合材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能也因大量炭渣的形成而得到改善。利用 TG-IR、傅立叶变换红外光谱 XPS 和扫描电镜推断了聚乳酸材料中磷素的阻燃机理。磷素含有丰富的 P-O、P = O 和 P-N 官能团，能生成含磷化合物，促进聚乳酸基体在凝聚相中的脱水反应。这有利于通过形成炭层来提高聚乳酸的阻燃性，提供屏蔽效果以防止热传导和易燃微分子挥发过程。同样，磷素中的含磷化合物具有将聚乳酸破坏成小分子量片段的催化作用，有利于促进聚乳酸复合材料的降解反应。因此，磷素对扩大聚乳酸材料的应用范围，开发可持续多功能材料具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

“Three birds with one stone” strategy for building easily reprocessable cellulosic thermosetting resins "一石三鸟 "战略，打造易于再加工的纤维素热固性树脂

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111009

Tengfei Han , Yanshai Wang , Shufen Zhang , Benzhi Ju

Cellulose is the most abundant natural polypolysaccharide and is an ideal raw material to replace petroleum-based plastics. However, natural cellulose is difficult to be thermo-processed like conventional plastics because of the rich and strong hydrogen bonds interactions. In this study, a series of dialdehyde derivatives of cellulose (DACs) were prepared by periodate oxidation of cellulose, and cellulose covalent adaptive networks based on acetal dynamic covalent bonds (ACCs) were prepared using dipentaerythritol as a crosslinker for DAC. This strategy can introduce acetal bonds, weaken hydrogen bonds, and reduce rigidity to kill three birds with one stone. The excellent reprocessing performance of ACCs is attributed to the reconstruction of the cellulose hydrogen bond network by acetal bonds, and the reversible exchange reaction of the acetal bonds at high temperatures endows the cellulose chains with mobility, allowing ACCs to be remodeled by hot pressing at 90°C for 15 min. The excellent stability and reprocessability of ACCs hold the promise of replacing current non-renewable petroleum-based plastics and provide inspiration for the development of other types of biomass plastics.

纤维素是最丰富的天然多糖，是替代石油基塑料的理想原料。然而，由于天然纤维素具有丰富而强烈的氢键相互作用，因此很难像传统塑料那样进行热加工。本研究利用纤维素的高碘酸盐氧化法制备了一系列纤维素的二醛衍生物（DAC），并以二季戊四醇作为 DAC 的交联剂，制备了基于缩醛动态共价键（ACC）的纤维素共价自适应网络。这种策略可以引入缩醛键、削弱氢键并降低刚性，一举三得。ACC 的出色再加工性能归功于乙缩醛键对纤维素氢键网络的重构，而乙缩醛键在高温下的可逆交换反应赋予了纤维素链以流动性，使得 ACC 可以在 90°C 下热压 15 分钟进行重塑。ACCs 具有出色的稳定性和可再加工性，有望取代目前不可再生的石油基塑料，并为开发其他类型的生物质塑料提供了灵感。

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